ABSTRACT

THE EFFECT OF AMMONIA CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE

PRETREATMENT ON CELLULOSE LEVELS TO PRODUCE BIOETANOL
FROM RICE HUSK

BY
PEBRIANTONI (0303138172002)
MUHAMMAD BAYU (03031381720003)

The development of alternative energy sources from renewable natural resources

has been carried out. One of them is the use of agricultural waste, which is
abundant and has not been utilized optimally, such as rice husk. Rice husk can be
used as a raw material for producing bioethanol because it has a high cellulose
content. But the cellulose content in rice husk is blocked by complex lignoseulose
matrices such as lignin which will disrupt the hydrolysis process, so pretreatment
is needed to break the bond. In this study, pretreatment was carried out using the
Soaking in Aqueous Ammonia (SAA) and dilute acid methods to avoid extreme
operating conditions with variations in ammonia (NH4OH) concentration and
temperature at pretreatment against the composition of rice husk which includes,
HWS (Hot Water Soluble), hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and damaged residues.
In this study three series of studies were carried out, namely pretreatment,
hydrolysis and fermentation. Pretreatment was carried out with variations in
concentration of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 % v/v and temperature variations of 60, 70, 80
90, and 100 oC. The optimum pretreatment variation was obtained at a
concentration of 20% v/v and a temperature of 100 oC with lignin levels of 23.59%
and cellulose 57.94%. Furthermore, it was continued with the process of hydrolysis
and fermentation which produced the optimum glucose levels of about 24.1774 ppm
at a concentration of ammonia 20% and bioethanol levels of 11,21% at
temperature of 100 oC.

Keywords: Aqueous Ammonia, Bioethanol, Fermentation, Hydrolysis,

Pretreatment

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