Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Simulation of Non-Linear Analysis - 2006 ANSYS Conference-LR's Paper
Simulation of Non-Linear Analysis - 2006 ANSYS Conference-LR's Paper
L Ramanan
Principal Engineer, Advanced Mech. Engineering
GE Healthcare Technologies, GTO India.
ramanan.l@ge.com
Abstract:
Simulation of many real life problems is highly complex in nature and involves non-linear behavior to be
accurately modeled. ANSYS non-linear capabilities over the years have evolved according to the emerging
analysis needs, maturity of analysis methods and increased computing power. GE has a global
understanding with ANSYS and uses the code for some of its non-linear needs. This paper aim at explaining
the capability and settings needed in performing non-linear analysis in ANSYS through a simplified
example problem.
Introduction:
Numerical simulation plays a very important and an indispensable role in the manufacturing process [1],
reducing the cycle time in design [2] while improving the quality and performance and simulation of a
behavior like crash [3]. In the recent times analysts and designers have begun to use numerical simulation
alone as an acceptable means of validation in designing the components for six-sigma quality. In many
disciplines, virtual prototyping – employing numerical simulation tools based on finite element methods-
has replaced traditional build and break prototyping. Leading world standards [American Association of
Rail Roads – AAR] for locomotive designs have standard like AAR-S-660-83 [4], AAR-S-5506 [5] for
designing some of the critical components like rail wheel, fuel tank etc. Finite element method has been an
accepted as an industry standard [6] in satisfying the regulatory needs of some of the locomotive’s critical
component.
All of the above examples quoted are highly non-linear involving all the three different type of non-
linearity namely geometric, material and boundary. For simulating the non-linear analysis in a reliable
manner, the following components are necessary in the FE analysis tool [7]
1) Element Technologies for consistent large-deformation treatment
2) Constitutive models for a variety of metals and nonmetals
3) Contact Interaction and Assembly Analysis
4) Solution of large-scale problems (where multiple nonlinearities interact in a complex manner) and
5) Infrastructure
In this paper attempt has been made to explain the generic capabilities available in ANSYS for simulating
such a large deflection, large strain problems through a very simplified problem. The actual problem in
which ANSYS has been used was to predict the effects of large deflection due to the impact of medical
equipments in the hospital environment in one of our medical devices. Simulation studies have been later
corroborated with experimental validation. Product concept developed to the medical device of MR patient
table handling system has been filed for patenting in US [8]. In explaining the non-linear problem the
material considered in this paper is steel and hence the paper does not address the capability of ANSYS in
simulating “Hyper Elastic” material model. It is impossible given the scope of the paper to address every
available analysis feature of ANSYS; rather attempt has been made to highlight the key features of interest
to most analyst and design engineers.
In general, most of the non-linear FE analysis tool available in the market uses the true stress to true strain
relation ship while modeling non-linear plasticity model. Most of them uses the true plastic strain and true
stress data, hence the first data point in those codes will follow the following format for the example
material shown in Table-1
0.0, 36000 (True plastic strain at yield, True yield stress) … (1)
0.2050, 71340 (True plastic strain at UTS, True ultimate stress) … (2)
If the data available in between the yield and UTS, it can be converted to true format and used between the
data lines (1) & (2) above.
ANSYS considers that there is no difference between the point A and B of Figure 1, and hence calculates the
total strain using the relationship between yield stress and Young’s modulus. The data lines (3) and (4) are
the inputs in multilinear material data table of ANSYS and is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. ASTM-A-36 Material Data in ANSYS for Modeling Material Plasticity-Multi Linear Option
(71340 – 36000)
Tangent Modulus =
(0.2070 – 0.001241)
The data lines (3) and (4) are the inputs in multilinear material data table of ANSYS and is shown in
Figure4.
Figure 4. ASTM-A-36 Material Data in ANSYS for Modeling Material Plasticity - Bi Linear Option
The true stress Vs true strain curve of the plasticity material data as entered through multi linear and Bi-
linear material option of ANSYS would represent the material curve as seen in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Material Curve Representation as Modeled with Multi & Bi Linear Options in ANSYS
Figure 8. Load Vs Deflection Curve - Modeled with Isotropic & Kinematic Hardening Options in ANSYS
Figure 10. DoE Data and Effect of the Factors over the Response
Reference:
1) L. Ramanan, R. Sriraman, Finite Element Analysis in Manufacturing Simulation, Proceedings of
the 15th ISPE/IEE International Conference on CAD/CAM, Robotics and Factories of the Future,
1999, Brazil.
2) L. Ramanan, V. Narayanan, K. R. Anandakumaran Nair, Simulating Plastic Deformation, ANSYS
Simulates a curling process in the production of an alternator core, ANSYS Solutions, Volume 2,
Number 4, 2000, Canonsburg, PA.
3) Joe Metrisin, Brian Potter, Simulating Bird Strike Damage in Jet Engines, ANSYS Solutions,
Volume 3, Number 4, 2001, Canonsburg, PA.
4) L. Ramanan, R. Krishna Kumar, R. Sriraman, Thermo-Mechanical Finite Element Analysis of a
Rail Wheel, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 41, 1999, Pergamon Press, Elsevier
Sciences Ltd.,
5) AAR-S-5506, Performance Requirements for Diesel Electric Locomotive Fuel Tanks, Standard S-
5506, Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices, Association of American Rail Roads,
Locomotive and Locomotive Interchange Equipment, Part-3, M-108, Revised in 2001, USA.
6) AAR-S-660-83, Procedure for the analytical evolution of locomotive and freight car wheel design,
Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices, Mechanical Division, Association of American
Rail Roads, 1983, USA.
7) Grama R Bhashyam, ANSYS Mechanical – A powerful Nonlinear Simulation Tool, ANSYS Inc,
Canonsburg, PA.
8) L. Ramanan and Kiran Kumar – A Patient Table With an Impact Resistance Mechanism, Patent
application filed in US under serial number 11/530656
9) Ray Browell, Guoyo Lin, The Power of Nonlinear Materials Capability, Part 1 and 2 on modeling
materials with nonlinear characteristics, ANSYS Solutions, 2000, Canonsburg, PA.
10) Alexander Mendelson, Plasticity, Theory and Application, Robert E Krieger Publishing Company,
Malabar, Florida.
11) ANSYS Users Manual