Experiment 6: Group5

Le Chatelier’s Principle IS209

Agbuya, Aeron Daniel,Barbero, Nick Earl B. Diquiatco Jr,Frederick S. Juan, Jarell De

Pantas, Phillipe Alain.

Prof. Maria Thea Rane Clarin

INTRODUCTION

Le Chatelier's principle also known as “the Equilibrium Law” the principle is named after
Henry Louis Le Chatelier with the help of Karl Ferdinand Braun, the principle formulated
in 1884. According in this principle “when any system at equilibrium for a long period of
time is subject to change in concentration, temperature, volume or pressure, then the
system readjust itself to partly counteract the effect of the applied change and new
equilibrium is established but the new equilibrium will not be the same equilibrium” in
other words when stress is placed on a system in equilibrium, the system will react to
relieve the stress, stress refers to change in concentration, temperature or pressure.

Concentration: if one of the concentration in a substances in the equilibrium mixture is

increase, the other substance will try to decrease, it is means that whatever change
insert in the system, the system is going to try to undo the inserted change.

Temperature: the relation of the temperature in equilibrium mixture is allowing the

substance to shift in the direction of the endothermic or exothermic.

Pressure: the equilibrium concentration of the product and reactants is not always
depending on the total pressure of the system, they depend on the partial pressure of
the product and reactant.

In this experiment our group will try to demonstrate the effects of changing the
concentration and temperature to the equilibrium of system and by observation looking
at the color change and by the formation of precipitate, the group can able to
understand the circulation of the equilibrium. Here are some of equilibrium systems to
be examine.
1 Chromate – dichromate equilibrium

2𝐶𝑂42− ↔ 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂72− + 𝐻2 𝑂

(yellow) (orange)

2Thiocyanatoiron (III) complex ion equilibrium

𝐹𝑒 3+ + 𝑆𝐶𝑁01− ↔ 𝐹𝑒𝑆𝐶𝑁 2

3) weak acid equilibrium (ionization of acetic acid)

𝐻𝐶2 𝐻2 𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂 ↔ 𝐻3 𝑂+ + 𝐶2 𝐻3 𝑂21−

4) Weak base equilibrium (ionization ammonia)

𝑁𝐻3 + 𝐻2 ↔ 𝑁𝐻4+ + 𝑂𝐻1−

5) Saturated salt (sodium Chloride) equilibrium

𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙(𝑆) ↔ 𝑁𝑎+ + 𝐶𝐿−

 METHODOLOGY

List of Chemical

Quality Concentration Name of chemicals Chemicals formula

10drops 1M Potassium chromate K2CrO$

10 drops 0.1M Ammonium KH4OH

Hydroxide

5drops 6M Hydrochloric Acid HCL

5 drops 1M Ammonium Chloride NH4Cl

2ML 12M Hydrochloric acid HCl

4ml 5.4M Sodium chloride NaCl

3ml 0.1M Hydrochloric acid Fe (NO3)3

3ml 0.1M Ferric nitrate KSCN

3ml Potassium KNO3

thiocyanate

0.5g 0.1M Acetic acid HC2H3O2

10 drops 0.1M Sodium acetate NaC2H3O2

Methyl orange

Phenolphthalein

List of Apparatus

Quality Name of the apparatus

6pcs Test tubes

1pc 150 ml dropper

1pc Medicine dropper

 1pc 50 ml graduated cylinder

6pcs Micro test tube

1pc 10 ml graduated cylinder

1pc Glass string rod

1pc Dropper

Procedure

Part 1: Chromate – dichromate equilibrium

To examine the chromate, our group use micro test tube to place 10 drops of 1M
potassium Chromate and we add some drop of 6M hydrochloric acid HCl, a drop 6M
sodium hydroxide, NaOH and 6M hydrochloric acid. Every add of drops of chemical
should be arranged according to the first stated and we write down our observation and
our group will explain what happened using Le Chaterlier principle.

Part 2: Thiocyanatoiron (III) complex ion equilibrium

Our group use 10 ml of graduated cylinder to measure 3 ml of 0.1 ferric nitrate, Fe (NO3)3
and place the solution 150ml baker, and we add some 3ml of potassium thiocyanate and
50 ml of distilled water. Every each of in 6 test tube was fill up of a 5ml solution and label
in each test tube according to letters A, B, C, D, E, and F to avoid confusion in the
chemical. every test tube will have different procedures to be examined: Test tube A: add
1 ml of ferric nitrate, Fe (No3)3, Test tube B: adding 1ml of potassium thiocyanate ,Test
tube C: 0.5 gram of potassium nitrate Test tube D: in boing water for 2minutes Test tube
E: in an ice for 2 minutes Test tube F: 1ml of distilled water, this will be the reference of
the first five test tubes. After all the procedure, our group try to compare the color of every
test tube , and we write down our observation.

Part 3: weak acid equilibrium (ionization of acetic acid)

In this experiment we use the micro test tube to place 10 drops of 0.1M acetic acid, and
1 drop of the of methyl orange, we also add 1.0m ammonium chloride and wait until the
color was change. after the procedure, we write down our observation and, explain using
le Chaterlier’s principle
Part 4: Weak base equilibrium (ionization ammonia)

The group follow the same procedure in the weak acid equilibrium, but in this case the
chemical that we use is 10 drops of 0.1M ammonium hydroxide, 1 drop of phenolphthalein
and 1.0M ammonium chloride. We also, record our observation in this experiment and
explain using Le chaterlies principle

Part 5: Saturated salt (sodium Chloride) equilibrium

For the last experiment we place 4ml of 5.4 sodium chloride in the test tube, and we add
some 2ml of 12M hydrochloric acid. After 1 minute of observation we write down what we
observe.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The objective of this experiment is to demonstrate the effects of changing the

concentration and temperature to the equilibrium of a system. In the following
investigation adding various acids and bases lets us determine as to which direction a
reaction is going towards.

A. Chromate- Dichromate Equilibrium

Solution Observation (color of solution)

K2CrO4 Yellow

K2CrO4+HCl Red orange

K2CrO4+HCl + NaOH Yellow

K2CrO4 +HCl + NaOH + HCl Red orange

The addition of HCl turned the potassium chromate tuned from yellow to red orange
which lead to a forward reaction.

The addition of NaOH turned the solution lighter and almost the same as the original
one directing to a backward reaction.

Adding HCl turned the solution acidic because the HCl dissociated into H+ and Cl-. The
hydrogen ion reacted with Chromate ion forming the Dichromate ion which was the red
orange solution. The dichromate ion is the predominant species in the solution because
the hydrogen ion dissociation. Thus, turned the solution from yellow to red orange.

When adding NaOH to the solution, the OH- ions dissociated from it and reacted with
the H+, which consumes the reactant and forms more water, a product. This cause a
backward shift to relieve the excess in products. Therefore, chromate ion is the
predominant in the basic medium. This backward reaction causes the orange color to
return to its yellow color again.
 B. Thiocyanatoiron (III) Complex Ion Equilibrium
Solution Observation (color of solution)

Test Tube A + Fe(NO3)3 Darker

Test Tube A + KSCN Darkest

Test Tube C +KNO3 Lighter

Test Tube D in boiling water Lightest

Test Tube E in ice bath Lighter

In Test tube A+ Fe(NO3)3,the solution’s color was darker because of the addition of
Fe(NO3)3 containing the colored equilibrium mixture.

In Test tube A + KSCN the addition of potassium thiocyanate diluted the solution by
adding 50 ml of distilled water turning the solution darker.

In Test tube C +KNO3 the addition of the solution resulted into the darkest of all the color
changes.

In Test tube D, the solution became the lightest of all because the temperature was
increased and the reaction is an exothermic process. The shift is forward, causing the
solution to turn lighter.

In Test tube E the results suggest that it is endothermic because it became lighter. But
since the reaction is known to be exothermic, decreasing the temperature must cause it
to shift forward.
 C. Weak acid equilibrium (Ionization of acetic acid)
Solution Observation (color of
solution)

HC2H3O2 + methyl orange Light red

HC2H3O2 + methyl orange + NAC2H3O2 Orange

In this part , it was observed that when NAC2H3O2 had an appearance to the solution, it
makes the overall solution less acidic.

D. Weak Base equilibrium (Ionization of ammonia)

Solution Observation (color of solution)

NH4OH +phenolphthalein Violet

NH4OH +phenolphthalein + NH4CL Pink

By putting NH4CL in the solution, it neutralized the original solution that was observed.

E. Saturated salt
The saturate NaCl dissolved and bubbled a little when HCl was added through this
experiment. After a while the HCl separates over time. The addition of HCl, an acid,
created an imbalancewhich the system will continue to create an equilibrium shifting the
reaction towards the product.
 CONCLUSIONS

Equilibrium is a state in chemical reactions where the rate of formation of products is

equal to the rate of formation of reactants. In accordance to Le Chatelier’s principle,
when there is a stress that is applied on this system. This stress shift the reaction
towards the formation of products or reactants, depending on which relieves the stress.
This principle was applied in the experiment. Change in concentration: Increase in
products or decrease in reactants shifts reaction backwards, to form more reactants.
Errors in the experiment may be due to the inaccuracy in obtaining reagents or
manipulating experimental variables such as changes in temperature. It is
recommended to study the degrees of color differences in each test tube and note
which is darkest and lightest among them.

Pantas,Phillipe Alain M.

REFERENCES

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Chatelier%27s_principle

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjcPEHhiik8