Esolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
Factor each polynomial. Confirm your answers using a graphing calculator.

2
1. x + 14x + 24
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = 14 and c = 24, so m + p is positive and mp is positive. Therefore, m and p must both be positive.
List the factors of 24 and identify the factors with a sum of 14.
Factors of 24 Sum
1, 24 25
2, 12 14
3, 8 11
4, 6 10
The correct factors are 2 and 12.
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = x +14x + 24 and Y2 = (x + 2)(x + 12) on the same screen.
The graphs coincide. Therefore, the trinomial has been factored correctly. √
The factors are (x + 2)(x + 12).
2
2. y − 7y − 30
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = −7 and c = −30, so m + p is negative and mp is negative. Therefore, m and p must have
different signs. List the factors of −30 and identify the factors with a sum of −7.
Factors of −30 Sum
1, −30 −29
2, −15 −13
3, −10 −7
5, −6 −1
6, −5 1
10, −3 7
15, −2 13
30, −1 29
The correct factors are 3 and −10.
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = y – 7y – 30 + and Y2 = (x – 10)(x + 3) on the same screen.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1
8-6 Solving x^2are
The factors + bx + 2)(x
(x + c = 0+ 12).
2
2. y − 7y − 30
SOLUTION:
1, −30 −29
2, −15 −13
3, −10 −7
5, −6 −1
6, −5 1
10, −3 7
15, −2 13
30, −1 29
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = y – 7y – 30 + and Y2 = (x – 10)(x + 3) on the same screen.

The factors are (x – 10)(x + 3).
2
3. n + 4n − 21
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = 4 and c = −21, so m + p is positive and mp is negative. Therefore, m and p must have different
signs. List the factors of −21 and identify the factors with a sum of 4.
1, −21 −20
3, −7 −4
7, −3 4
21, −1 20
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = n + 4n– 21 + and Y2 = (n – 3)(n + 7) on the same screen.

The graphs
8-6 Solving x^2coincide.
+ bx + cTherefore,
=0 the trinomial has been factored correctly. √
The factors are (x – 10)(x + 3).
2
3. n + 4n − 21
SOLUTION:
1, −21 −20
3, −7 −4
7, −3 4
21, −1 20
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = n + 4n– 21 + and Y2 = (n – 3)(n + 7) on the same screen.
The factors are (n – 3)(n + 7).
2
4. m − 15m + 50
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = –15 and c = 50, so m + p is negative and mp is positive. Therefore, m and p must both be
negative. List the factors of 50 and identify the factors with a sum of –15.
Factors of 50 Sum
–1, –50 –51
–2, –25 –27
–5, –10 –15
The correct factors are –5 and –10.
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = m – 15m + 50 + and Y2 = (m – 5)(m – 10) on the same screen.
The graphs
+ bx + cTherefore,
2
4. m − 15m + 50
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = –15 and c = 50, so m + p is negative and mp is positive. Therefore, m and p must both be
negative. List the factors of 50 and identify the factors with a sum of –15.
Factors of 50 Sum
–1, –50 –51
–2, –25 –27
–5, –10 –15
The correct factors are –5 and –10.
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = m – 15m + 50 + and Y2 = (m – 5)(m – 10) on the same screen.
The factors are (m – 5)(m – 10).
Solve each equation. Check your solutions.

2
5. x − 4x − 21 = 0
SOLUTION:
List the factors of 21 and identify the factors with a sum of –4.
Factors of 21 Sum
1, –21 –20
–1, 21 19
3, –7 –4
–3, 7 4

The roots are –3 and 7. Check by substituting –3 and 7 in for x in the original equation.
and
The graphs
+ bx + cTherefore,
The factors are (m – 5)(m – 10).

2
5. x − 4x − 21 = 0
SOLUTION:
Factors of 21 Sum
1, –21 –20
–1, 21 19
3, –7 –4
–3, 7 4

and
The solutions are –3 and 7.
2
6. n − 3n + 2 = 0
SOLUTION:
Factors of 2 Sum
1, 2 3
–1, –2 –3

The roots are 1 and 2. Check by substituting 1 and 2 in for n in the original equation.
and
8-6 Solving x^2 +are
The solutions bx–3
+ and
c = 7.
0
2
6. n − 3n + 2 = 0
SOLUTION:
Factors of 2 Sum
1, 2 3
–1, –2 –3

The roots are 1 and 2. Check by substituting 1 and 2 in for n in the original equation.
and
The solutions are 1 and 2.

2
7. x − 15x + 54 = 0
SOLUTION:
Factors of 54 Sum
1, 54 55
–1, –54 –55
2, 27 29
–2, –27 –29
3, 18 21
–3, –18 –21
6, 9 15
–6, –9 –15
The roots are 9 and 6. Check by substituting 9 and 6 in for x in the original equation.

8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
2
7. x − 15x + 54 = 0
SOLUTION:
Factors of 54 Sum
1, 54 55
–1, –54 –55
2, 27 29
–2, –27 –29
3, 18 21
–3, –18 –21
6, 9 15
–6, –9 –15
and

2
8. x + 12x = −32
SOLUTION:
Rewrite the equation with 0 on the right side.
Factors of 32 Sum
1, 32 33
2, 16 18
4, 8 12


8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
2
8. x + 12x = −32
SOLUTION:
Factors of 32 Sum
1, 32 33
2, 16 18
4, 8 12

The roots are –8 and –4. Check by substituting –8 and –4 in for x in the original equation.
and
The solutions are –8 and -4.

2
9. x − x − 72 = 0
SOLUTION:
Factors of 72 Sum
–1, 72 71
1, –72 – 71
–2, 36 34
2, –36 – 34
–3, 24 21
3, –24 – 21
–4, 18 14
4, –18 – 14
– 6, 12 6
6,– 12 –6
–8, 9 1
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
The solutions are –8 and -4.
2
9. x − x − 72 = 0
SOLUTION:
Factors of 72 Sum
–1, 72 71
1, –72 – 71
–2, 36 34
2, –36 – 34
–3, 24 21
3, –24 – 21
–4, 18 14
4, –18 – 14
– 6, 12 6
6,– 12 –6
–8, 9 1
8, – 9 –1
and

2
10. x − 10x = −24
SOLUTION:

. List the factors of 24 and identify the factors with a sum of –10.
Factors of 24 Sum
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero–25
–1, –24 Page 9
–2, –12 –14
–3, –8 –11
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
2
10. x − 10x = −24
SOLUTION:

. List the factors of 24 and identify the factors with a sum of –10.
Factors of 24 Sum
–1, –24 –25
–2, –12 –14
–3, –8 –11
–4, –6 –10
and
11. FRAMING Tina bought a frame for a photo, but the photo is too big for the frame. Tina needs to reduce the width
and length of the photo by the same amount. The area of the photo should be reduced to half the original area. If the
original photo is 12 inches by 16 inches, what will be the dimensions of the smaller photo?
SOLUTION:
Let x be the amount that Tina should reduce the photo. So the dimensions are now (12 – x)(16 – x). The original
area was 12(16) = 192 square inches. Since the area is to be reduced by half, the new area will be 96 square inches.
Now solve the equation.

8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
11. FRAMING Tina bought a frame for a photo, but the photo is too big for the frame. Tina needs to reduce the width
and length of the photo by the same amount. The area of the photo should be reduced to half the original area. If the
original photo is 12 inches by 16 inches, what will be the dimensions of the smaller photo?
SOLUTION:
Let x be the amount that Tina should reduce the photo. So the dimensions are now (12 – x)(16 – x). The original
area was 12(16) = 192 square inches. Since the area is to be reduced by half, the new area will be 96 square inches.
Now solve the equation.
The answer x = 24 does not make sense because it would result in a new length of 12 – 24, or –12 inches.
Therefore, the length and the width of the photo must both be reduced by 4 inches. So, the new dimensions are 8
inches by 12 inches.

2
12. x + 17x + 42
SOLUTION:
Factors of 42 Sum
1, 42 43
2, 21 23
3, 14 17
6, 7 13
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = x + 17x + 42 and Y2 = (x + 3)(x + 14) on the same screen.
2
13. y − 17y + 72
The answer x = 24 does not make sense because it would result in a new length of 12 – 24, or –12 inches.
8-6 Solving x^2
Therefore, the+length
bx + cand
= 0the width of the photo must both be reduced by 4 inches. So, the new dimensions are 8
inches by 12 inches.

2
12. x + 17x + 42
SOLUTION:
Factors of 42 Sum
1, 42 43
2, 21 23
3, 14 17
6, 7 13
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = x + 17x + 42 and Y2 = (x + 3)(x + 14) on the same screen.
2
13. y − 17y + 72
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = −17 and c = 72, so m + p is negative and mp is positive. Therefore, m and p must both be
negative. List the factors of 72 and identify the factors with a sum of −17.
Factors of 72 Sum
−1, −72 −73
−2, −36 −38
−3, −24 −27
−4, −18 −22
−6, −12 −18
−8, −9 −17
The correct factors are −8 and −9.
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = y − 17y + 72 and Y2 = (y – 8)(y – 9) on the same screen.

8-6 Solving x^2are
The factors + bx + 3)(x
(x + c = 0+ 14).
2
13. y − 17y + 72
SOLUTION:
Factors of 72 Sum
−1, −72 −73
−2, −36 −38
−3, −24 −27
−4, −18 −22
−6, −12 −18
−8, −9 −17
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = y − 17y + 72 and Y2 = (y – 8)(y – 9) on the same screen.
The factors are (y – 8)(y – 9).
2
14. a + 8a − 48
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = 8 and c = −48, so m + p is positive and mp is negative. Therefore, m and p must have opposite
−1, 48 47
−2, 24 22
−3, 16 13
−4, 12 8
−6, 8 2
−8, 6 −2
−12, 4 −8
−16, 3 −13
−24, 2 −22
−48, 1 −47
The correct factors are −4 and 12.

2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = a + 8a − 48 and Y2 = (a – 4)(a + 12) on the same screen.
The graphs
+ bx + cTherefore,
The factors are (y – 8)(y – 9).
2
14. a + 8a − 48
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = 8 and c = −48, so m + p is positive and mp is negative. Therefore, m and p must have opposite
−1, 48 47
−2, 24 22
−3, 16 13
−4, 12 8
−6, 8 2
−8, 6 −2
−12, 4 −8
−16, 3 −13
−24, 2 −22
−48, 1 −47
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = a + 8a − 48 and Y2 = (a – 4)(a + 12) on the same screen.
The factors are (a – 4)(a + 12).
2
15. n − 2n − 35
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = −2 and c = −35, so m + p is negative and mp is negative. Therefore, m and p must have opposite
signs. List the factors of −35 and identify the factors with a sum of −2.
−1, 35 34
−5, 7 2
−7, 5 −2
−35, 1 −34
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = n – 2n – 35 and Y2 = (n – 7)(n + 5) on the same screen.
The graphs
+ bx + cTherefore,
The factors are (a – 4)(a + 12).
2
15. n − 2n − 35
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = −2 and c = −35, so m + p is negative and mp is negative. Therefore, m and p must have opposite
signs. List the factors of −35 and identify the factors with a sum of −2.
−1, 35 34
−5, 7 2
−7, 5 −2
−35, 1 −34
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = n – 2n – 35 and Y2 = (n – 7)(n + 5) on the same screen.
2
16. 44 + 15h + h
SOLUTION:
2
First rearrange the polynomial in decreasing order, h + 15h + 44.
Factors of 44 Sum
1, 44 45
2, 22 24
4, 11 15
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = 44 + 15h + h and Y2 = (h + 4)(h + 11) on the same screen.
The graphs
+ bx + cTherefore,
2
16. 44 + 15h + h
SOLUTION:
2
First rearrange the polynomial in decreasing order, h + 15h + 44.
Factors of 44 Sum
1, 44 45
2, 22 24
4, 11 15
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = 44 + 15h + h and Y2 = (h + 4)(h + 11) on the same screen.
The factors are (h + 4)(h + 11).
2
17. 40 − 22x + x
SOLUTION:
2
First rearrange the polynomial in decreasing order, x – 22x + 40.
Factors of 40 Sum
−1, −40 −41
−2, −20 −22
−4, −10 −14
−5, −8 −13
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = 40 – 22x + x and Y2 = (x – 2)(x – 20) on the same screen.

The graphs
+ bx + cTherefore,
The factors are (h + 4)(h + 11).
2
17. 40 − 22x + x
SOLUTION:
2
First rearrange the polynomial in decreasing order, x – 22x + 40.
Factors of 40 Sum
−1, −40 −41
−2, −20 −22
−4, −10 −14
−5, −8 −13
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = 40 – 22x + x and Y2 = (x – 2)(x – 20) on the same screen.
The factors are (x – 2)(x – 20).
2
18. −24 − 10x + x
SOLUTION:
2
First rearrange the polynomial in decreasing order x – 10x – 24.
In this trinomial, b = –10 and c = –24, so m + p is negative and mp is negative. Therefore, m and p must have
opposite signs. List the factors of –24 and identify the factors with a sum of –10.
Factors of –24 Sum
–1, 24 23
–2, 12 10
–3, 8 5
–4, 6 2
–6, 4 –2
–8, 3 –5
–12, 2 –10
–24, 1 –23
The correct factors are –12 and 2.
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = –24 – 10x + x and Y2 = (x + 2)(x – 12) on the same screen.
The graphs
+ bx + cTherefore,
The factors are (x – 2)(x – 20).
2
18. −24 − 10x + x
SOLUTION:
2
First rearrange the polynomial in decreasing order x – 10x – 24.
In this trinomial, b = –10 and c = –24, so m + p is negative and mp is negative. Therefore, m and p must have
opposite signs. List the factors of –24 and identify the factors with a sum of –10.
–1, 24 23
–2, 12 10
–3, 8 5
–4, 6 2
–6, 4 –2
–8, 3 –5
–12, 2 –10
–24, 1 –23
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = –24 – 10x + x and Y2 = (x + 2)(x – 12) on the same screen.
The factors are (x + 2)(x – 12).
2
19. −42 − m + m
SOLUTION:
2
First rearrange the polynomial in decreasing order m – m – 42.
In this trinomial, b = –1 and c = –42, so m + p is negative and mp is negative. Therefore, m and p must have opposite
signs. List the factors of –42 and identify the factors with a sum of –1.
–1, 42 41
–2, 21 19
–3, 14 11
–6, 7 1
–7, 6 –1
–14, 3 –11
–21, 2 –19
–42, 1 –41
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = –42 – m + m and Y2 = (m + 6)(m – 7) on the same screen.
The graphs
+ bx + cTherefore,
The factors are (x + 2)(x – 12).
2
19. −42 − m + m
SOLUTION:
2
First rearrange the polynomial in decreasing order m – m – 42.
In this trinomial, b = –1 and c = –42, so m + p is negative and mp is negative. Therefore, m and p must have opposite
signs. List the factors of –42 and identify the factors with a sum of –1.
–1, 42 41
–2, 21 19
–3, 14 11
–6, 7 1
–7, 6 –1
–14, 3 –11
–21, 2 –19
–42, 1 –41
2
Confirm by graphing Y1 = –42 – m + m and Y2 = (m + 6)(m – 7) on the same screen.
The factors are (m + 6)(m – 7).

2
20. x − 7x + 12 = 0
SOLUTION:
Factors of 12 Sum
–1, –12 –13
–2, –6 –8
–3, –4 –7

The graphs
+ bx + cTherefore,
The factors are (m + 6)(m – 7).

2
20. x − 7x + 12 = 0
SOLUTION:
Factors of 12 Sum
–1, –12 –13
–2, –6 –8
–3, –4 –7
and
2
21. y + y = 20
SOLUTION:

List the factors of –20 and identify the factors with a sum of 1.
1, –20 –19
–1, 20 19
2,– 10 –8
– 2, 10 8
4, – 5 –1
– 4, 5 1


8-6 Solving x^2 +are
The solutions bx3+and
c =4.0
2
21. y + y = 20
SOLUTION:

1, –20 –19
–1, 20 19
2,– 10 –8
– 2, 10 8
4, – 5 –1
– 4, 5 1

The roots are –5 and 4. Check by substituting –5 and 4 in for y in the original equation.
and

2
22. x − 6x = 27
SOLUTION:
List the factors of –27 and identify the factors with a sum of –6.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero–26
1, –27 Page 21
–1, 27 26
3, –9 –6
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
2
22. x − 6x = 27
SOLUTION:
List the factors of –27 and identify the factors with a sum of –6.
1, –27 –26
–1, 27 26
3, –9 –6
–3, 9 6

and

2
23. a + 11a = −18
SOLUTION:
Factors of 18 Sum
1, 18 19
2, 9 11
3, 6 19
eSolutions
Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 22
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
2
23. a + 11a = −18
SOLUTION:
Factors of 18 Sum
1, 18 19
2, 9 11
3, 6 19

The roots are –2 and –9. Check by substituting –2 and –9 in for a in the original equation.
and
The solutions are –2 and –9.

2
24. c + 10c + 9 = 0
SOLUTION:
Factors of 9 Sum
1, 9 10
3, 3 6

The roots are –1 and –9. Check by substituting –1 and –9 in for c in the original equation.
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
2
24. c + 10c + 9 = 0
SOLUTION:
Factors of 9 Sum
1, 9 10
3, 3 6

The roots are –1 and –9. Check by substituting –1 and –9 in for c in the original equation.
and

2
25. x − 18x = −32
SOLUTION:
Factors of 32 Sum
–1, –32 –33
–2, –16 –18
–4, –8 –12

8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
2
25. x − 18x = −32
SOLUTION:
Factors of 32 Sum
–1, –32 –33
–2, –16 –18
–4, –8 –12
and

2
26. n − 120 = 7n
SOLUTION:
List the factors of −120 and identify the factors with a sum of −7.
−1, 120 119
1, −120 −119
−2, 60 58
2, −60 −58
−3, 40 37
eSolutions Manual -
3, −40 Powered by Cognero
−37 Page 25
−4, 30 26
4, −30 −26
−1, 120 119
1, −120
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0 −119
−2, 60 58
2, −60 −58
−3, 40 37
3, −40 −37
−4, 30 26
4, −30 −26
−5, 24 19
5, −24 −19
−6, 20 14
6, −20 −14
−8, 15 7
8, −15 −7
−12, 10 −2
12, −10 2

The roots are 15 and −8. Check by substituting 15 and −8 in for n in the original equation.
and
The solutions are −8 and 15.

2
27. d + 56 = −18d
SOLUTION:
Factors of 56 Sum
1, 56 57
2, 38 40
4, 14 18
7, 8- Powered by Cognero15
eSolutions Manual Page 26
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
2
27. d + 56 = −18d
SOLUTION:
Factors of 56 Sum
1, 56 57
2, 38 40
4, 14 18
7, 8 15
The roots are −4 and −14. Check by substituting −4 and −14 in for d in the original equation.
and
The solutions are −4 and −14.

2
28. y − 90 = 13y
SOLUTION:
Factors of 90 Sum
1, −90 −89
−1, 90 89
2, −45 −43
−2, 45 43
3, −30 −27
3, 30 27
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
The solutions are −4 and −14.
2
28. y − 90 = 13y
SOLUTION:
Factors of 90 Sum
1, −90 −89
−1, 90 89
2, −45 −43
−2, 45 43
3, −30 −27
−3, 30 27
5 ,−18 −13
−5, 18 13
6, −15 −9
−6, 15 9
9, −10 −1
−9, 10 1
The roots are −5 and 18. Check by substituting −5 and 18 in for y in the original equation.
and

2
29. h + 48 = 16h
SOLUTION:
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
2
29. h + 48 = 16h
SOLUTION:
Factors of 48 Sum
–1, –48 –49
–2, –24 –26
–3, –16 –19
–4, –12 –16
– 6, – 8 –14
The roots are 4 and 12. Check by substituting 4 and 12 in for h in the original equation.
and
30. GEOMETRY A triangle has an area of 36 square feet. If the height of the triangle is 6 feet more than its base,
what are its height and base?
SOLUTION:
Let b represent the base. Then b + 6 is the height.

8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
30. GEOMETRY A triangle has an area of 36 square feet. If the height of the triangle is 6 feet more than its base,
what are its height and base?
SOLUTION:
Let b represent the base. Then b + 6 is the height.

1, –72 –71
–1, 72 71
2, –36 –34
–2, 36 34
3, – 24 –21
– 3, 24 21
4, – 18 –14
– 4, 18 14
6, – 12 –6
– 6, 12 6
8, – 9 –1
– 8, 9 1

However, the base cannot be negative, so the base is 6 feet. The height is b + 6 = 6 + 6 = 12 feet.
2
31. GEOMETRY A rectangle has an area represented by x − 4x − 12 square feet. If the length is x + 2 feet, what is
the width of the rectangle?
SOLUTION:
2
The area of the rectangle is x − 4x − 12.

1, −12 −11
−1, 12 11
2, −6 −4
−2, -6Powered by Cognero 4
eSolutions Manual Page 30
3, −4 −1
−3, 4 1

8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
However, the base cannot be negative, so the base is 6 feet. The height is b + 6 = 6 + 6 = 12 feet.
2
31. GEOMETRY A rectangle has an area represented by x − 4x − 12 square feet. If the length is x + 2 feet, what is
the width of the rectangle?
SOLUTION:
2

1, −12 −11
−1, 12 11
2, −6 −4
−2, 6 4
3, −4 −1
−3, 4 1

Then area of the rectangle is (x + 2)(x – 6). Area is found by multiplying the length by the width. Because the length
is x + 2, the width must be x − 6.
32. SOCCER The width of a high school soccer field is 45 yards shorter than its length.
a. Define a variable, and write an expression for the area of the field.
b. The area of the field is 9000 square yards. Find the dimensions.
SOLUTION:
a. Let = length. The area of the field is the length times the width, or ( − 45).
b.

Then length cannot be negative, so it is 120 yd and the width is 120 – 45, or 75 yards.
CCSS STRUCTURE Factor each polynomial.
2 2
33. q + 11qr + 18r
SOLUTION:

Factors of 18 Sum
1, 18 19
eSolutions Manual - Powered
2, 9 by Cognero 11 Page 31
3, 6 9

8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
Then length cannot be negative, so it is 120 yd and the width is 120 – 45, or 75 yards.
CCSS STRUCTURE Factor each polynomial.
2 2
33. q + 11qr + 18r
SOLUTION:

Factors of 18 Sum
1, 18 19
2, 9 11
3, 6 9


The trinomial has two variables q and r. The first term in each binomial will have q's, the second term will have the
r along with the factors.

2 2
34. x − 14xy − 51y
SOLUTION:
−1, 51 50
−3, 17 14
−17, 3 −14
−51, 1 −50
The trinomial has two variables x and y . The first term in each binomial will have x's, the second term will have the
y along with the factors.
2 2
35. x − 6xy + 5y
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = −6 and c = 5, so m + p is negative and mp is positive. Therefore, m and p must both be negative.
List the negative factors of 5 and identify the factors with a sum of −6.
Factors of 5 Sum
−1, −5 −6
2 2
36. a + 10ab − 39b
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
2 2
35. x − 6xy + 5y
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = −6 and c = 5, so m + p is negative and mp is positive. Therefore, m and p must both be negative.
List the negative factors of 5 and identify the factors with a sum of −6.
Factors of 5 Sum
−1, −5 −6
2 2
36. a + 10ab − 39b
SOLUTION:
1, −39 −38
3, −13 −10
−3, 13 10
−39, 1 −38
The trinomial has two variables a and b. The first term in each binomial will have as, the second term will have the
b along with the factors.
37. SWIMMING The length of a rectangular swimming pool is 20 feet greater than its width. The area of the pool is
525 square feet.
a. Define a variable and write an equation for the area of the pool.
b. Solve the equation.
c. Interpret the solutions. Do both solutions make sense? Explain.
SOLUTION:
a. Sample answer: Let w = width. Then the length is 20 feet greater than its width, so = w + 20. The area, which
is 525 square feet, is found by multiplying the length times the width. Therefore the area is (w + 20)w = 525.
b.

List the factors of −525 and identify the factors with a sum of 20.
1, −525 −524
−1, 525 524
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
5, −105 −100 Page 33
−5, 105 100

7, −75 −68
The trinomial has two variables a and b. The first term in each binomial will have as, the second term will have the
b along with the factors.
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
37. SWIMMING The length of a rectangular swimming pool is 20 feet greater than its width. The area of the pool is
525 square feet.
a. Define a variable and write an equation for the area of the pool.
b. Solve the equation.
c. Interpret the solutions. Do both solutions make sense? Explain.
SOLUTION:
a. Sample answer: Let w = width. Then the length is 20 feet greater than its width, so = w + 20. The area, which
is 525 square feet, is found by multiplying the length times the width. Therefore the area is (w + 20)w = 525.
b.

List the factors of −525 and identify the factors with a sum of 20.
1, −525 −524
−1, 525 524
5, −105 −100
−5, 105 100
7, −75 −68
−7, 75 68
15, −35 −20
−15, 35 20
21, −25 −4
−21, 25 4

The width cannot be negative, therefore it is 15 feet. The length is 15 + 20, 35 feet.
c. The solution of 15 means that the width is 15 ft. The solution −35 does not make sense because the width cannot
be negative.
GEOMETRY Find an expression for the perimeter of a rectangle with the given area.
2
38. A = x + 24x − 81
SOLUTION:
2
The area of the rectangle is x + 24x − 81.

List the factors of − 81 and identify the factors with a sum of 24.
Factors of − 81 Sum
1,−81 −80
−1, 81 80
3, −27 −24
−3, 27 24
9,−9 0
2
The width cannot be negative, therefore it is 15 feet. The length is 15 + 20, 35 feet.
c. The solution
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx = 0 that the width is 15 ft. The solution −35 does not make sense because the width cannot
+ cmeans
of 15
be negative.
GEOMETRY Find an expression for the perimeter of a rectangle with the given area.
2
38. A = x + 24x − 81
SOLUTION:
2

List the factors of − 81 and identify the factors with a sum of 24.
1,−81 −80
−1, 81 80
3, −27 −24
−3, 27 24
9,−9 0
2
Then area of the rectangle of x + 24x − 81 can be factored to (x + 27)(x – 3).

Area is found by multiplying the length by the width, so the length is x + 27 and the width is x − 3.
So, an expression for the perimeter of the rectangle is 4x + 48.
2
39. A = x + 13x − 90
SOLUTION:
2

In this trinomial, b = 13 and c = − 90, so m + p is positive and mp is positive. Therefore, m and p must both be
positive. List the factors of − 90 and identify the factors with a sum of 13.
1, −90 −89
−1, 90 89
2, −45 −43
−2, 45 43
3, −30 −27
−3, 30 27
5, −18 −13
− 5, 18 13
6, −15 −9
−6, 15 9
9, −10 −1
− 9, 10 1
2
The area of the rectangle x + 13x − 90 factors to (x + 18)(x – 5).

8-6 Solving x^2 + bxfor
So, an expression + cthe
= 0perimeter of the rectangle is 4x + 48.
2
39. A = x + 13x − 90
SOLUTION:
2

In this trinomial, b = 13 and c = − 90, so m + p is positive and mp is positive. Therefore, m and p must both be
positive. List the factors of − 90 and identify the factors with a sum of 13.
1, −90 −89
−1, 90 89
2, −45 −43
−2, 45 43
3, −30 −27
−3, 30 27
5, −18 −13
−5, 18 13
6, −15 −9
−6, 15 9
9, −10 −1
−9, 10 1
2
The area of the rectangle x + 13x − 90 factors to (x + 18)(x – 5).

40. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this problem, you will explore factoring when the leading coefficient is
not 1.
a. TABULAR Copy and complete the table below.
b. ANALYTICAL How are m and p related to a and c?

c. ANALYTICAL How are m and p related to b?
2
d. VERBAL Describe a process you can use for factoring a polynomial of the form ax + bx + c.
SOLUTION:
a.
Use FOIL or the Distributive Property to find the product of the binomials.
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
40. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this problem, you will explore factoring when the leading coefficient is
not 1.
a. TABULAR Copy and complete the table below.
b. ANALYTICAL How are m and p related to a and c?

c. ANALYTICAL How are m and p related to b?
2
d. VERBAL Describe a process you can use for factoring a polynomial of the form ax + bx + c.
SOLUTION:
a.
Use FOIL or the Distributive Property to find the product of the binomials.
b. ac is the product of the coefficients of the first and last terms. mp is the product of the coefficients of the middle
two terms when foiling. Looking at the last two columns and you will see that mp = ac.
c. Look at the second and third columns and you will see that m + p = b. The coefficients of the middle terms equal
b.
d. When factoring trinomials , we look for two integers, m and p , for which mp = ac and m + p = b.
2
41. ERROR ANALYSIS Jerome and Charles have factored x + 6x − 16. Is either of them correct? Explain your
reasoning.

SOLUTION:
Charles is correct.

In this trinomial, b = 6 and c = − 16, so m + p is positive and mp is positive. Therefore, m and p must both be positive.
List the factors of − 16 and identify the factors with a sum of − 6.
1, −16 −15
−1, 16 15
2, −8 −6
−2, 8 6
4, −4 0
2
The correct factors are −2, 8. Jerome’s answer once multiplied is x − 6x − 16. The middle term should be positive.
CCSS ARGUMENTS Find all values of k so that each polynomial can be factored using integers.
2
42. x + k x − 19
2, −8 −6
−2, 8 6
4, − + bx + c = 0 0
8-6 Solving x^24
2
The correct factors are −2, 8. Jerome’s answer once multiplied is x − 6x − 16. The middle term should be positive.
CCSS ARGUMENTS Find all values of k so that each polynomial can be factored using integers.

2
42. x + k x − 19
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = k, c = −19, and mp is negative. Therefore, m + p must equal the sum of the factors of −19. List
the factors of −19. The sum of m + p will equal k.
Factors of −19 Sum of m + p
−1, 19 18
−19, 1 −18
Therefore, k could have values of 18 or −18.
2
43. x + k x + 14
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = k, c = 14 and mp is positive. Therefore, m + p must equal the sum of the factors of 14. List the
factors of 14. The sum of m + p will equal k.
Factors of 14 Sum of m + p
1, 14 15
2, 7 9
−1, −14 −15
−2, −7 −9
Therefore, k could have values of 9, 15, −9 or −15.
2
44. x − 8x + k, k > 0
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = −8, c = k and m + p is negative. Therefore, mp must equal the product of the two numbers that
add to −8. Because k > 0, this means that both m and p are negative. List the numbers that add to −8. The product of
mp will equal k.
Two numbers that add Product of mp
to −8
−1, −7 7
−2, −6 12
−3, −5 15
−4, −4 16
Therefore, k could have values of 7, 12, 15, or 16.
2
45. x − 5x + k, k > 0
SOLUTION:
In this trinomial, b = −5, c = k and m + p is negative. Therefore, mp must equal the product of the two numbers that
add to −5. Because k > 0, this means that both m and p are negative. List the numbers that add to −5. The product of
mp will equal k.
to −5
−1, −4 4
−2, −3 6
Therefore, k could have values of 4 or 6.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero 2 Page 38
46. REASONING For any factorable trinomial, x + bx + c, will the absolute value of b sometimes, always, or never
be less than the absolute value of c? Explain.
to −5
−1, −4 4
8-6 Solving x^2
−2,+−3
bx + c = 0 6
Therefore, k could have values of 4 or 6.
2
46. REASONING For any factorable trinomial, x + bx + c, will the absolute value of b sometimes, always, or never
be less than the absolute value of c? Explain.
SOLUTION:
2
The absolute value of b will sometimes be less than the absolute value of c. Sample answer: The trinomial x + 10x +
2
9 = (x + 1)(x + 9) and 10 > 9. The trinomial x + 7x + 10 = (x + 2)(x + 5) and 7 < 10.
47. OPEN ENDED Give an example of a trinomial that can be factored using the factoring techniques presented in this
lesson. Then factor the trinomial.
SOLUTION:
2
Students’ answers will vary. Sample answer: x + 19x − 20
signs. List the factors of −20, and look for the pair of factors with a sum of 19.
−1, 20 19
−2, 10 8
−4, 5 1
−5, 4 −1
−10, 2 −8
−20, 1 −19
2
48. CHALLENGE Factor (4y − 5) + 3(4y − 5) − 70.
SOLUTION:
2 2
The trinomial is written in x + bx + c = 0 form.We can substitute x for 4y – 5 to get x + 3x – 70 = 0.

–1, 70 69
−2, 35 33
−5, 14 9
−7, 10 3
−10, 7 −3
−14, 5 −9
−35, 2 −33
−70, 1 −69
2
49. WRITING IN MATH Explain how to factor trinomials of the form x + bx + c and how to determine the signs of
−20, 1 −19
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
2
48. CHALLENGE Factor (4y − 5) + 3(4y − 5) − 70.
SOLUTION:
2 2
The trinomial is written in x + bx + c = 0 form.We can substitute x for 4y – 5 to get x + 3x – 70 = 0.

–1, 70 69
−2, 35 33
−5, 14 9
−7, 10 3
−10, 7 −3
−14, 5 −9
−35, 2 −33
−70, 1 −69
2
49. WRITING IN MATH Explain how to factor trinomials of the form x + bx + c and how to determine the signs of
the factors of c.
SOLUTION:
Find factors m and p such that m + p = b and mp = c. If b and c are positive, then m and p are positive.
For example:

If b is negative and c is positive, then m and p are negative.
For example:

When c is negative, m and p have different signs and the factor with the greatest absolute value has the same sign as
b.
For example: and
50. Which inequality is shown in the graph?
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eSolutions Page 40
B

When c is negative, m and p have different signs and the factor with the greatest absolute value has the same sign as
b.
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
For example: and
50. Which inequality is shown in the graph?
A
B
C
D
SOLUTION:
The line is dashed which means that choices A and D can be eliminated. So check (0, 0) in the inequalities given in
choices B and C to determine which is the correct choice.
True
False
So, the correct choice is C.
51. SHORT RESPONSE Olivia must earn more than $254 from selling candy bars in order to go on a trip with the
National Honor Society. If each candy bar is sold for $1.25, what is the fewest candy bars she must sell?
SOLUTION:
Let x represent the number of candy bars Olivia must sell.
So, Olivia must sell at least 204 candy bars to go on the trip.
52. GEOMETRY Which expression represents the length of the rectangle?

8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
So, Olivia must sell at least 204 candy bars to go on the trip.
52. GEOMETRY Which expression represents the length of the rectangle?
F x + 5
G x + 6
H x − 6
J x − 5
SOLUTION:
2

In this trinomial, b = − 3and c = − 18, so m + p is positive and mp is positive. Therefore, m and p must both be
positive. List the factors of − 18 and identify the factors with a sum of − 3.
1,−18 −17
−1, 18 17
2, −9 −6
−2, 9 6
3, −6 −3
−3, 6 3
2
The area of the rectangle x − 3x − 18 factors to (x + 3)(x – 6).

Because the width is x + 3, the length must be x − 6. So, the correct choice is H.
53. The difference of 21 and a number n is 6. Which equation shows the relationship?

A 21 − n = 6
B 21 + n = 6
C 21n = 6
D 6n = −21
SOLUTION:
The phrase “is 6” means “= 6”, so choice D can be eliminated. The phrase “difference of” means “subtraction”, so
A is the correct choice.
Factor each polynomial.

2
54. 10a + 40a
SOLUTION:
The greatest common factor is or 10a.

2
10a + 40a = 10a(a + 4)
2
55. 11x + 44x y
SOLUTION:
The greatest common factor is or 10a.
8-6 Solving
2 x^2= +10a(a
10a + 40a bx ++c 4)
=0
2
55. 11x + 44x y
SOLUTION:
The greatest common factor is or 11x.

2
11x + 44x y = 11x(1 + 4xy)
3 2 2
56. 2m p − 16mp + 8mp
SOLUTION:
The greatest common factor is or 2mp.

3 2 2 2
2m p − 16mp + 8mp = 2mp(m p − 8p + 4)
57. 2ax + 6xc + ba + 3bc

SOLUTION:
Factor by grouping.
58. 8ac − 2ad + 4bc − bd

SOLUTION:
Factor by grouping.

2 2
59. x − xy − xy + y
SOLUTION:
Factor by grouping.

60. Write
eSolutions a polynomial
Manual that
- Powered by represents
Cognero the area of the shaded region in the figure. Page 43

8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
60. Write a polynomial that represents the area of the shaded region in the figure.

SOLUTION:

Use elimination to solve each system of equations.
61.
SOLUTION:
Because –x and x have opposite coefficients, add the equations.

Now, substitute 13 for y in either equation to find the value of x.

Check the solution in each equation.

Therefore, the solution is (4, 13).

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eSolutions Page 44
SOLUTION:
8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0

Use elimination to solve each system of equations.
61.
SOLUTION:
Because –x and x have opposite coefficients, add the equations.

Now, substitute 13 for y in either equation to find the value of x.



62.
SOLUTION:
Because 5a and –5a have opposite coefficients, add the equations.



8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0

62.
SOLUTION:
Because 5a and –5a have opposite coefficients, add the equations.

Now, substitute –3 for b in either equation to find the value of a.


Therefore, the solution is (2, –3).

63.
SOLUTION:
Because d and −d have opposite coefficients, add the equations.


Now, substitute 3 for c in either equation to find the value of d.

Therefore, the solution is (2, –3).

8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0

63.
SOLUTION:
Because d and −d have opposite coefficients, add the equations.

Now, substitute 3 for c in either equation to find the value of d.

64.
SOLUTION:
Because 2y and −2y have opposite coefficients, add the equations.

Now, substitute 2 for x in either equation to find the value of y.

8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
64.
SOLUTION:
Because 2y and −2y have opposite coefficients, add the equations.

Now, substitute 2 for x in either equation to find the value of y.


65. LANDSCAPING Kendrick is planning a circular flower garden with a low fence around the border. He has 38
feet of fence. What is the radius of the largest garden he can make? (Hint: C = 2πr)
SOLUTION:
If he has 38 feet of fence, use the formula, C = 2πr, with C = 38.

So, the largest radius he can make is about 6 feet.

8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0
65. LANDSCAPING Kendrick is planning a circular flower garden with a low fence around the border. He has 38
feet of fence. What is the radius of the largest garden he can make? (Hint: C = 2πr)
SOLUTION:
If he has 38 feet of fence, use the formula, C = 2πr, with C = 38.
So, the largest radius he can make is about 6 feet.

66. 6mx − 4m + 3rx − 2r
SOLUTION:
67. 3ax − 6bx + 8b − 4a
SOLUTION:
2 2
68. 2d g + 2fg + 4d h + 4fh
SOLUTION:

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8-6 Solving x^2 + bx + c = 0

Factor each polynomial. Confirm your answers using a graphing calculator.