AUS AS.9 93 MM™ 0784265 0501256 490 mm ANSV/AWS A5.9-93 ‘An American National Standard Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes e and Rods American Welding Society Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ‘Thu Wy 05 1548.05 198AUS A5.9 93 MM O78426S 0502257 327 ML Keywords — composite clectrods, metal core elec ANSVAWS A5.9-03 e@ ode, suns esp, bce sala ‘An American National Standard 104s, duplex stainless steel electrodes Approved by ‘American National Standards Institute December 23, 1992 Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods Superseding ANSI/AWS AS5.9-81 Ppa e Unie be Desin ot ss Tl er ea Approved by AWS Board of Directors Abstract ‘The classification and other requirements for more than forty-five bare stainless stel electrodes (Solid and composite), ods, and strips are specified, including @ number of duplex alloys previously unclassified, American Welding Society Road, P.O. Box 351040, Miami, Florida 33135 550 NW. Lek Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ‘Thu Wy 05 1548.05 198AWS AS-9 93 mm 0784265 0501258 263 a Statement on Use of AWS Standards All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the Americen ‘Welding Society are voluntary consensus standards that heve been developed in accordance with the rules of the ‘American National Standards Institute. When AWS standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in foderal or stato laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the satute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, tse standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards, Where this conttactual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parti International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-406-X. ‘American Welding Society, $50 N.W. LeJeune Roed, P.O. Box 351040, Miami, Florida 33135 © 1993 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved Printod in the United States of America Note: The primary purpose of AWS is to serve and benefit its mombers, To this end, AWS provides a forum for the exchange, consideration, and discussion of ideas and proposals that are relevant 1o the welding industry and the consensus of which forms the bass fr thse standards, By providing such a forum, AWS does not assume any duties to which a user of these standards may be required to adhere. By publishing this standard, the American Welding Society does not insure anyone using the information it contains against any Liability arising from that use. Publication of a standard by the Amerlean Welding Society does not carry with it any right to make, use, or sell any patented items, Users of the information inthis standard should make an independent investigation of the validity ofthat information for ‘hoir particular use and the patent status of any item referred to herein, With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered, However, such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or tepretations af AWS, In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation, ‘This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS Filler Metal Committee It must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, it must be either reapproved or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or ‘eletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving ths standard are requested and should be addressed to ‘AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS Filler Metal Committee and the ‘author of the comments will be informed of the Committee's response to the comments, Gussts are invited to attend all ‘meetings ofthe AWS Filler Metal Committee to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse ‘decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee, ‘Acopy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Rd., PO. Box 351040, Miami, Florida 33135. Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998AUS AS-9 93 MM 0784265 0501259 11T mm Personnel AWS Committee on Filler Metal D. J. Kotecki, Chairman RA. LaFave, Ist Vice Chairman J.P. Hunt, 2nd Vice Chairman HP. Reid, Secretary B. Anderson RS. Brown RL, Bateman* J. Caprarola, Jr. LJ. Chiristensen™ RJ. Christof D.D, Crockett R.A. Daemen D.A. DelSignore “H.W. Ebert SB. Ferree D.A, Fink G. Hallstrom, Jr RL. Harris RW. Held D.C. Helion W.S. Howes RW.Jud RB. Kadiyala G.A, Kurisky N.B. Larson AS. Laurenson G.H. MacShane D.F. Manning LM, Malik* M, T. Merlo S.J. Merrick G.E. Metger** JW. Mortimer CL. Null ¥. Ogata* J.Payne RL. Peaslee W, Pickering, I. M.A. Quintana S.D. Reynolds, Jr.* L. F, Roberts D. Rozet P.K. Salvesen H.S.Sayre* 0. W. Seth Aeris s*Docanted ‘The Lincoln Blectric Company Eliott Company Inco Alloys International ‘American Welding Society ‘Aleotee Carpenter Technology Corporation Blectromanufacturas, S. A. Alloy Rods Corporation ‘Consultant Consultant ‘The Lincoln Electric Company Hobart Brothers Company ‘Westinghouse Electric Company Bxxon Research and Engineering Alloy Rods Corporation ‘The Lincoln Blectric Company USNRC-RIT RL. Haris Associates Newport News Shipbuilding. Consultant National Electrical Manufacturers Association Chrysler Motors Techalloy Maryland, Incorporated Maryland Specialty Wire Union Carbide, Industrial Gas Division Consultant MAC Associates Hobart Brothers Company Arete Canada Limited Stoody Company ‘Teledyne McKay AFML Consultant ‘Department ofthe Navy Kobo Steel Limited ‘Schneider Services International ‘Wall Colmonoy Corporation Consultant General Dynamics Comporation ‘Westinghouse Blectric PGBU Canadian Welding Bureau Consultant -Ametican Bureau of Shipping Consultant (Chicago Bridge and Iron Company Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ‘Thu Wy 05 1548.05 198Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ‘Thu Wy 05 1548.05 198 AUS AS.9 93 MM O7442b5 O501260 91) mm AWS Committee on Filler Metal (Cont) WA. Shopp* — SAB M.S. Sierdzinski Alloy Rods Corporation R.W. Straiton* Bechtel Group, Incorporated RD. Sutton L-Tec Welding and Cutting Systems R.A, Swain Thyssen Steel J.W. Tackett Haynes International Incorporated RD. Thomas, Jr. R.D. Thomas and Company R.Timerman* —Conareo, S. A. RT. Webster Teledyne Wah Chang, A.E.Wiehe* Consultant W.A. Wiehe** Arcos Alloys W.L, Wileox Consultant Fd. Winsor Consultant K.G.Wold Aqua Chem, Incorporated TJ. Wonder VSB Corporation AWS Subcommittee on Stainless Steel Filler Metal D.A.DelSignore, Chairman Westinghouse Electric Corporation HF Reid, Secretary American Welding Society F.S.Babish Sandvik Steel Company R.S.Brown Carpenter Technology Corporation R.A, Bushey Alloy Rods Company RJ. Christoffel Consultant D.D. Crockett The Lincoln Electric Company 4.G,Feldsiein ‘Teledyne McKay A.L.Gomback* Champion Welding Products, Incorporated ‘B.Herbert* Elliott Company ‘M.J. Huck Westinghouse Electric Corporation J.P, Hunt Ya00 Alloys Interaational, Incorporated R.C.Jewell _Polymet Corporation R.B. Kadiyala —_Techalloy Maryland, Incomporated G.A.Kurisky Maryland Specialty Wire W.E.Layo* Sandvik Steel Company G.H. MacShane MAC Associates ‘M.T.Merlo Stoody Company AHL Miller* DISC ¥, Ogaia* Kobe Steel Limited S.R Patel Consultant E,W, Pickering, J. Consultant LJ. Privoznik® Consultant C.E. Ridenour ‘TricMark, Incorporated D.Rozet* Consultant SP. Saiki Westinghouse Bleettie Corporation H.S.Sayre* Consultant S.D. Scarberry Hobart Brothers Company R.W, Straiton Bechtel Group, Incorporated R.A, Swain Thyssen Welding Products, J.W. Tackett Haynes International, Incorporated R.Timerman* — CONARCO, S. A. WA. Wiehe** —Atcos Alloys WL, Wileoe Consultant D.W.Yonker, Jr. National Standard Company + Advisor wAUS AS-4 93 MH O7O42bS OSOL2G) O56 Foreword (his Foreword is nota past of ANSVAWS AS.9-93, Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Electrodes and Rods, but Js included for information purposes only.) ‘Tho frst specification for bare stainless steel electrodes and rods was prepared in 1953 by a joint commiltee ofthe ‘American Society for Testing and Materials andthe American Welding Sociely. The joint committee also prepared the 1962:revision. The first revision prepared exclusively by the AWS Filler Metal Committee was published in 1969, The ‘current revision isthe sixth revision and expansion as shown below: ASTM AST7L-S3T Tentative Specifications for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel AWS AS9.53T Rods and Bare Electrodes AWS AS.9-620 Tentative Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromiun-Nickel Steel ASTM A37I-620 Welding Rods and Bare Electrodes AWS AS.9-69 ‘Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Rods and Bare ‘ANSI W3.9-1973 Electrodes AWS AS9—Add 1-75 1975 Addenda to Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromiun-Nickel ‘Sveel Welding Rods and Bare Eiectrodes AWS AS.9-77 ‘Specification for Corrosion Resisting Chromium and Chromlum-Nickel Steel Bare and ‘Composite Metal Cored and Stranded Are Welding Electrodes and Welding Rods AWS A5.9-81 ‘Specification for Corrosion Resisting Chromium and Chromlum-Nickel Steel Bare and Composite Metal Cored and Stranded Welding Electrodes and Welding Rods ‘Comments and suggestions forthe improvement of ths standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, P.O, Box 351040, Miami, Florida 33135. Official interpretations of any of th technical requirements of this standard may be obtained by sending a request, in ‘writing, to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society. A formal reply will be ‘issued after it has been reviewed by the appropriate personnel following established procedures, Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ‘Thu Wy 05 1548.05 198AUS AS.9 93 MM O7642L5 O5022b2 794 Ml Table of Contents Page No. Personnel. i Foreword . v Lis of Tables. vii List of Figures. vii 1. Scope a PartA —General Requirements 2. Classification 1 3, Acceptance .. a 4 Certification a aaa 5. Units of Measure and Rounding-Off Procedure mt Part B —Tests, Procedures, and Requirements 6, Summary of Tests 7. Retest 8. Chemical Analysis Part © —Manaacirgdetfcton and Pachahng 9. Method of Manufacture 10, Standard Sizes aad Shapes A, Finish and Uniformity 12. Standard Package Forms 43, Winding Requirements 14, Fillet Metal Identification 15. Packaging - 16, Marking of Packages. Appendts— Oat Spetictonfr Bare tikes Stel Weliing Blois ond Rois AL, Introduction ss oo : ‘AZ. Classification System os ‘AS, Acceptance es ‘A4. Certification AS. Preparation of Samples for Chemical Analysis. A6. Ventilation During Welding AT. Ferrite in Weld Deposit... ‘AB. Description and Intended Use of Filler Metals. Ad. Usability ‘lO, Special Tests ‘lL, Safety Considerations.. AWS Filler Metal Specifications and Related Documents (inside Back Cover) Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ‘Thu Wy 05 1548.05 198AUS A5-9 93 MM 0784265 0501263 G20 Mt List of Tables (Chemical Composition Requirements. Standard Wire Sizes of Electrodes and Rods Standard Sizes of Strip Blectrodes Standard Package Dimensions and Weight... Variations of Alloying Elements for Submerged Are Welding Tensile Requirements for All-Weld-Metal from ANSWAWS A5 492. st of Figures ‘Standard 4 in, (100 mm) Diameter Spool Dimensions... Standard 8 and 12 in, (200 and 300 ma) Diameter Spool Dimensions ‘WRC-1988 Diagram for Stainless Steel Weld Meta Espy Percent Ferrite Dingram for Stainless Steel Weld Mit DeLong (FN) Diagram for Stainless Steel Weld Metal. Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ‘Thu Wy 05 1548.05 198AWS AS.9 93 MM 0764265 OSOL2E4 Sb? -_— Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods 1. Scope ‘This specification prescribes requirements for the clas- sification of bare stainless steel wire, strip, composite metal cored, and stranded welding electrodes and rods, ‘The chromium content of these filler metals is not less than 10.5 percent and the iron content exceeds that of any other element. For purposes of classification, the iron content shall be detived as the balance element when all other elements are considered to be at their ‘minimum specified values, PartA General Requirements 2. Classification 2.1 The welding materials covered by this specification are classified according to chemical composition (see Table 1), 2.2 Materials may be classified under more than one classification provided they meet all the requizements of those clasifications as specified in Table 1, 4. This revision stl contains information on ERSO2, ERSOS, 1HC302, and ECS0S clasifications. These classifications also willbe included in the next revision of ANSUAWS A528, ‘Specification for Low Alloy Stel Electrodes for Gas Metal re Welding. These four lassifiations willbe deleted from the first revision of ANSUAWS AS. following te publication of the revised ANSYAWS AS.28 specication, Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ‘Thu Wy 05 1548.05 198 3. Acceptance ‘Acceptance? of the material shall be in accordance ‘with the provisions of ANSVAWS AS.O1, Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines? 4. Certification By affixing the AWS speci ‘designations tothe packagi product, the manufacture certifies tha the product meets the requirements of this specification * Units of Measure and Rounding-Off Procedure 541 USS. customary units are the standard units of mea- sure in this specification. The SI units aze given as equivalent values to the U.S. customary units. The stan- dard sizes and dimensions in the two systems are not ‘identical and, for this reason, conversion from a standard size or dimension in one system will not always coincide ‘with a standard size or dimension inthe other, Suitable 2, See A3, Acceptance (in the Appendix for further informa tion concerning acceptance, testing of the material shipped, and ANSVAWS AS. Fler Metal Procurement Guidelines. 3. AWS standards canbe obtained from the American Weld- ing Society, 550 N.W. Lefcune Road, P.O. Box 351040, Miami, Florida 38135, 4. See Ad, Cestfeation (nthe Appendix) for further informa tion concerning certification and the testing called for to meet this requirement.Aus AS-4.93 Mm O78N2E5 OSOMZLS 473 MM - - = wo wo so vo ovo saotrs oNINOKRE = = seo = mo mo so 90 SLO ovorrs oT mugoomoxor 4 LD = wo wo oF so oso orsors—— DSRS BRENT san si SEE BHO, ‘oa SoRREIED ‘Squeuiosmbay wopisodwog [eo|Wie4D bere. Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998AUS AS~9 93 MM 0284265 OSOLZEb 337 Ml "TGR ETSY SAISNY Pomus: 30 ISX oa paaep as fae 20 DE DPE =O Mf EAI PES Kony He nf recess SC SHAVEN 793 ‘snares noted 59 grab ado + PIN “soy poe oy} cre SemsgaeN PoOIIA RVSORISY nr soos pagads ar so gu pated 9 Ae pe ow Spatoes sop! 2 P 209 onl epoca BECTON AVSIRUSY Woo) qu SA aw 38 BNE 08 Ke Pr PONSA pepe poy Pe 700 USO es area pases tse sesop XOXO Ba wom se SMTA XA tess iy aPC od 05 pam aT. RESP V oR NN A Spey a ow PapeE span pp eS ‘eioavod ume ae oaogs son ug 4 year os piso sop ‘un Saeoes Ja oF ou ‘se seo sro Jo nou 3 320K SE RED PEP] HSE ape Jo sores a) JE SF UF EAE a sea ade om 20 eta a hopes ey HAY.“ 0 @ a % a cS = ccroro sty 500 wooo wwTAFD Oss STeHEL OFS STOOD sso ss = sest score “too 100 yoo esses SST = — “so wes wo mo mo aes aac = = so = wo om oro mes core so 1 so © seo - 9 o soo omors —HoT-ene cesta wrsce = haw suo Omuis osu = = "seo = 9 wo oro nto 09 = = & — wo so oro oss ose = = : wo | OO S100 9hrSoneTDRPAL = = xo a) oro avers ‘ena - - = oo oo oro-sco ones ores wony ASE =A x sa 2 ATEN ORD _ sa sav ea =O in Soot (penuguod) 4 eiqeL Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998AUS AS-9 93 MM O7842b5 0501267 27b MM ‘conversions, encompassing standard sizes of both can be made, howover, if appropriate tolerances are applied in each case. 5.2 For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, an observed or calculated value shall bbe rounded to the “nearest uni” in the last right-hand place af figures used in expressing the limiting value in accordance with the rounding-off method given in ‘ASTM E29, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications Part B Tests, Procedures, and Requirements 6. Summary of Tests AL Chemical analysis of the solid electrode, rod, or strip, 4s the only test requized for classification of the product forms under this specification, 6.2 Chemical analysis of a fused sample of composite forsttanded electrode or rod is the only test required for classification of these product forms under this specification, 7, Retest IE the resulls of the tet fail to meet the requirement, the test shall be repested twice, The resulls of both fetests shall meet the requirement. Material for retest may be taken from the original sample or from new sample, provided the materil is from the same heat of lot. For chemical analysis, retest need be only for those specific elements which failed to meet the test requirement. 8, Chemical Analysis 8.1. A sample ofthe filler metal ora fused sample shall bbe prepared for analysis (for exemple, see Section AS, Preparation of Samples for Chemical Analysis) 8.2 The sample shall be analyzed by acceptable analyt- ‘cal methods capable of determining whether the com- position meets the requirements of this specification. In cease of dispute, the referee method shall be ASTM 5, ASTM standards can be obtained from American Society {or Testing and Matsa ‘Pennsylvania 19103, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphi Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998 ‘Standard Method E353, Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromi- un-Nickel-lron Alloys. 83 The results of the analysis shall meet the require- smonts of Table 1 forthe classification of the filler metal under test. PartC Manufacture, Identification, and Packaging 9. Method of Manufacture ‘The welding rods, stip, and electrodes classified ac- cording to this specification may be manufactured by ‘any method that will produce material that meets the requirements ofthis specification, 10. Standard Sizes and Shapes 10 Standard sizes of filler metal (except stip elec- trodes) in the different package forms (straight lengths, coils with support, coils without support, and spools) shall be as shown in Table 2, 10.2 Standard sizes for stip electrodes in coils shall be ‘as shown in Table 3. 11. Finish and Uniformity 11.1 All filler metal shall have a smooth finish that is ‘ree from slivers, depressions, scratches, scale, seams, laps (exclusive of the longitudinal joint in metal cored filler metal) and foreign matter that would adversely affect the welding characteristics, the operation of the welding equipment, or the properties of the weld metal. 11.2 Bach continuous length of filler metal shall be from ‘single heat or fot of material and welds, when present, shall have been made so as not to interfere with the uniform, uninterrupted feeding of the filler metal on automatic and semiautomatic equipment. 11.3 Core ingredients in metal cored filer metal shall be distibuted with sufficient uniformity throughout the length of the electrode so as not to adversely affect the performance of the electrode or the properties of the Weld metal LA The sit edges of strip electrodes shall be free from burrs execeding five percent ofthe strip thickness.AUS AS-9 93 MM O7S42b5 0502268 102 mm Table 2 Sizes of Electrodes and Rod: Tolerance Diameter | Composite Form ia mm | i nm fn, mom as ui | sor 20m | e000 200s 16 (0063) si6s 078) 20 Wldingrodsinstaight long? — | 32 (ans) = 24 | soo ~— sos | 20003 © snas ie (uray) 32 52 (015) 40 ans 18) 48 004s 11 | s000 sams | 00m 2005 116006) 6 sis (0) 20 332 (00M) as Filler metals in coils with or without | 7164 (008) «28 | soon 005 | s0.002 — sn08 support we OR) 32, S52 18) 40 se (018) 48 wa (0250) 0030 os oss as | soon 2003 | soo — s00s Filer metal wound on Borin, | 0045 ul or 300 mis) O.. spools Se 16 (0.063) 16 si6¢ (0078) 20—*| e002 sos | soos 008 332 (09) 2 7640109) 28 0020 os Filer metal wound on in, (100mm) | 0.025 os OD: spools 0030 as | soon 003 | s0002 +00 03s 09 04s ul © Length shllbe 36a. +012 a. 00 mm +1500) tolerances, nd package forms ote thn the shown salle agreed upon between purchaser and supp. Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ‘Thu Wy 05 1548.05 198AUS AS.9 93 6 Table 3 Standard Sizes of Strip Electrodes** Wiatn Thickness 118 30 0.020 236 6 0.020 356 90 0.020 4m 0 0.020 oes 4 Oe sizes sal boas agreed upon beeen parchater ad super 3. Shp elects sll ot vary move tan 20.08 in. (20.20 mm) la ‘with a morta 0.003 (05) fa tikes 12, Standard Package Forms 124 Standard package forms are straight lengths, colls ‘with support, cofls without support, end spools. Standard ppeckago dimensions and weights for each form are shown in Table 4. 12.2 Package forms, sizes, and weights other than those shown in Table 4 shall be as agreed between purchaser and supplier, 123 The liners in coils with support shall be designed and constructed to prevent distorion of the coil during, normal handling and use, and shall be clean and dry mm 0784265 0501269 045 om 124 Spools shall be designed and constructed to pre vent distortion of the filler metal during normal hendling. ‘nd use and shall be clean and dry enough to maintain the cleanliness ofthe filer metal (sce Figures 1 and 2). 125 Net weights shall be within #10 percent of the nominal weight, 13. Winding Requirements 13.1 The filler metal shall be wound so that Kinks, waves, sherp bends, or wedging are not encountered, leaving the filler metal free to unwind without restic- tion, The outside end of the filler metal (the end with ‘which welding is to begin) shall be identified so itcan be readily located and shall be fastened to avoid unwinding. 13.2 The cast and helix ofall filler metal in coils end ‘spools shall be such thatthe filler metal will feed in an ‘uninterrupted manner in automatic and semiautomatic ‘equipment. 133 The cast and helix of drawn, solid filler metal on 4a, (100 mm) spool shall be such that a specimen long ‘enough o produce a single loop, when cut from the spool and laid unrestrained on e flat surface, will do the following: (1) Form a circle not less than 2.5 in. (65 mm) nor ‘enough to maintain the cleanliness of the filler metal. ‘more than 15 in, (380 mm) in diameter Table 4 Standard Package Dimensions and Welghts* Spool or Coil Diameter Strip Wit ‘Nominal Weight Produet Form in. mm am Bs rn ‘Welding Rods in Stright Lengths NA NA NA NA 10,50 45,23, 4 100) NA NA 1242 07,14 8 200 NA NA i0 4s Spools 2 300 NA NA cy 14 4 350 NA NA, 50 Coil with Support a 300 NA NA, 25, 50,60 2 300) 1s 30 o 25 2 300 236 60 oo m5 Sitip Blectode 2 300 334 90 320 33 2 300 4m 0 120 38 Nate: 1. Ne lg hl be witha 2108 the erin weight NAL ot pall €. Weight of ale witht spot al bes specie bythe pura Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998“RUS AS-9 93 MM O7B4ZES 0503270 660 mm 7 1914 £1782 In SIEQUIVALENTS. SECTIONAA mm ‘0008 0x8 we os om 18 194 a8 Noto: 18. Alldmnenlons aren inches 410 by Dimension B, ouside diameter ofbare, shal be such as to permit proper feeding of the fra, — ©. Dimension 6, insite larete of barrel, sal be such that swerg ofthe bal or maint ofthe barel and flanges wil net rau In {he inside damier ofthe bar! beng less than tho rade claret ofthe flanges. e Figure 1—Standard 4 in, (100 mm) 7840-1161, ° SLEQUIVALENTS se ine 78 tae 262 ee t- if B68 3 2 meter Spool Dimen: S88aeete0/4 2192 4716-0 4-804 1704 a "THESE HOLES NEED NOT BE IN LINE SECTION AA Pimenstone, ae ¢ ® Ba = ve ® 2 21h 2 Notes: oo ‘Alderson ae in inches. 8. ‘imeronB, cus damete of bra, habe suchas ope rope feding ofthe fer meta Figure 2—Standard 8 and 12 in. (200 and 300 mm) Diameter Spool Dimensions Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ‘Thu Wy 05 1548.05 198Aus 45-9 93 MM O764265 050227) 777 Wl @ Rise above the flat surface no more than 1/2 in. (Q3 mm) at any location 1344 The cast and helix of drawn solid filler metal on 8 in, (200 mm) spools shall be such tha specimen long ‘enough to produce a single loop, when eut from the spool and laid unrestrained on a flat surface, will do the following (1) Form a clzele not less than 8 in. (200 mm) nor more than 50 in. (13 m) in diameter @) Rise above the flat surface no more than 1 in. (25 tom) at any locati 13.8 The cast and helix of drawn, solid filler metal on 12in, and 14 in, (200 and 350 mm) spools shall be such that a specimen long enough to produce a single loop, ‘when cut from the spool snd laid unrestrained on a flat surface, wll do the following: (1) Form a circle not less than 15 in, (380 mm) in iameter and not more than 50 in. (1.3 m) in diameter (@) Rise above the flat surface no mote than 1 in (25 mm) at any location 13.6 The edge of the stip electrodes (camber) shall not deviate from a straigh line by more than 0.5, (12.5 mm) in any 8 ft, (25 min length. 14, Filler Metal Identification 14. The product information and the precautionary in- formation required in Section 16, Marking of Packages, shall also appear on each coil and each spool 142 Coils without support shall have a tag containing this information szcuely attached tothe inside end of the call. 143 Coils with support shall have the information se- ccurely affixed ina prominent location on the support. 144 Spools shall have the information securely affixed in a prominent location on the outside of one flange of the spool. jction of each straight length welding rod is ed by this specification but may be done as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier. Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998 15, Packaging Filler metal shall be suitably packaged o ensure against damage during shipment and storage under notmal conditions. 16. Marking of Packages 16:1 The following product information (asa minimum) shall be legibly marked so as to be visible from the ‘outside of exch unit package: (() AWS specification and classi (year of issue may be excluded) (@) Suppliers name and trade designation @) Size and net weight (@) Lot control, or heat number 16.2 The following precautionary information (as amin- ‘imum) shal be prominently displayed in legible print on all packagos of welding material, including individual ‘unit packages enclosed within a larger package: ton number WARNING Protect yourself and others. Read and understand this information. FUMES AND GASES can be dangerous to your health ARC RAYS can injure eyes and burn ski. ELBCTRIC SHOCK can kill. “Before use, read and understand the manufacturer's instructions, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), ‘and your employer's safety practices. ‘Keep your head out of the fumes. Use enough ventilation, exhaust atthe arc, or both, to keep fumes and gases away from your breathing zone and the general area. ‘Wear correct eye, ear, and body protection. Do not touch live electical parts. ‘See American National Standard 249.1, Safety in Welding and Cutting, published by the American ‘Welding Society, $50 N.W. LeJeune Road, P.O. Box 351040, Miami, Florida 33135; OSHA Safety and Health Standards, 29CFR 1910, available from the U.S, Government Printing Office, Washingion, D.C. 20402. DO NOT REMOVE THIS INFORMATIONBUS A5-9 93 M@™ O7642GS OSOR272 633 mm Appendix Guide to Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods (This Appendix is not apart of ANSVAWS AS.9-98, Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods, but is included for information purposes only.) Al. Introduction ALL This guide is intended to provide both the supplier and the purchaser of bare stainless stoel welding elec- trodes and welding rods of the types covered by this, specification with 2 means of production control and a basis of acceptance through mutually acceptable, sound, standard requirements. ‘ALL2. This guide has been prepared as an aid to prospoo- tive users of the bare stainless steel welding electrodes and welding rods ofthe types covered by the specific tion in determining the classification best suited for & particular application, with due consideration tothe re- quirements for that application, ‘ALS For definitions of bare electrodes, composite met- al cored electrodes, and composite stranded electrodes, 20 “eloctrade” in ANSV/AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions. For purposes of this specifica- tion, composite metal cored rods are defined by compos- ite metal cored electrodes and composite stranded rods, ae defined by composite stranded electrodes, except for the basic differences between welding electrode and ‘welding rod as defined by ANSIAWS A3.0. ‘ALA In some cases, tho composition of bare filler metal classified in this specification may differ from that of core wire used for the corresponding classification of covered electrodes classified in ANSVAWS AS.4, Spec- Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998 {fication for Covered Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shield. ed Metal Arc Welding. Caution, therefore, should be exercised regarding the use of core wire from a covered electrode as bare filler metal. A2, Classification System A241 The chemical composition of the filler metal is identified by a series of numbers and, in some cases, chemical symbols, the leters L, H, and LR, or both ‘Chemical symbols ae used to designate modifications of. basic alloy types, e.., ER30&Mo. The letter “H” denotes carbon content restricted to the upper part ofthe range that is specified for the standard grade of the specific filler metal. The letter “L” denotes carbon content inthe lower part of the range that is specified for the corre sponding standard grade of filler metal. The letters “LR” denote low residuals (see A8.30). A211 The first two designators may be “ER” for solid wires that may be used a electrodes or rods a they may be “EC” for composite cored or stranded wires; ot they may be “EQ” for strip electrodes, A2.1.2 The three digit numbor such as 308 in ER308 designates the chemical composition of the filler metal,AUS AS-4 93 MM O7S42S 0500273 577 Mm 10 A3. Acceptance ‘Acceptance of all welding materials classified under this peclcation iin gooodane with ANSVAWS AS.1, Filer Metal Procurement Guidelines, as the section: tion sates. Any testing a purchaser requires ofthe sup- plier, for material shipped in accordance with this Speciation, sall be clearly stated in the purchase der, according tothe provisions of ANSUAWS AS.1. In the abvence of any such sialement in the purchase order the supplier may ship the material with whatever testing the supplier nocmally condvcts on miei of that classification, as pected in Schedule F, Table 1, of the ANSUAWS AS.O1 Testing In accordance with ny other scheduo in that table shall be specifically required by the purchase order. Tn such cases, aceptane ofthe material shipped shall be in accordance with those rotviromcats A4. Certification ‘The act of placing the AWS specification and class cation designations on tho packaging enclosing the prod- uct, or the classification on the product itself, constitutes the supplier's (manufacture's)cetiticaton thatthe prod- uct meets all ofthe requirements of the specification. ‘The only testing requirement implicit inthis cetifics tion is thatthe manufacturer has actually conducted the tests required by the specification on material that is representative ofthat being shipped and thet the material met the requirements of the specification. Representa tive material, in this case, is any production run of that classification using the same formulation. “Cetifiea- tion” is not tobe construed to mean that tests of any kind were necessarily conducted on samples of the specific material shipped. Tosts on such material may or may not have been made. The basis for the certification required by the specification is the classification test of “represen- tative materia” cited above, and the “Manufacturer's Quality Assurance System” in ANSVAWS AS.O1. AS. Preparation of Samples for Chemical Analysis AS.L Solid Bare Blectrodes and Rod. Preparation of chemical analysis sample from solid, bare welding elec- trodes and rods presents no technical difficulties. Such filler metal may be subdivided for analysis by any con- venient method with all samples or chips representative ofthe lot of filler metal Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998 ‘52. Composite Metal Cored or Stranded Electrodes ‘AS.2.1 Gas tungsten are welding with argon gas shield- {ng may be used to melt a button (or slug) of sufficient size for analytical use, ‘AS.2.2 Gas metal are welding with argon ges shield- {ng also may be used to produce a homogeneous deposit {for analysis. In this case, the weld pad is similar to that used to preparo a sample of filler metal deposited by covered slectrodes, AS.2.3 Both processes must be utilized in such a ‘manner that no dilution of the base metal or mold occurs. ‘to contaminate the fused sample. Copper molds often exe ‘used to minimize the effects of dilution by the base metal ‘or mold, AS.24 Special care must be exercised 10 minimize such dilution effects when testing low carbon fille metals. ‘ASS Preparation of a fused sample by gas tungsten are ‘welding using argon shielding gas will transfer essen- tially all of the components through the are, Some slight loss in carbon may oceur, but such loss will never be ‘greater than would be encountered in an actual welding. operation, regardless of process (see 7.9.1). Non- ‘metallic ingredients, when present inthe cote, will form ‘slag on top of the deposit which must be removed and discarded, ‘ASA Tho sample of fused filler motal must be largo enough to provide the amount of undifuted material required by the chemist for analysis, No size or shape of deposited pads has boon specified because these axe ‘immaterial ifthe deposit is truly undiluted. ASS A sample made using the composite-type filer ‘metal which has been fused in @ copper mold should be ‘undiluted since there will be essentially no admixture swith base metal. ‘AS.6 Assurance that an undiluted sample is being ab- sd from the chosen size of pad at the selected dis- tance above the base metal ean be obtained by analyzing chips removed from successively lower layers ofthe pad. Layers which are undiluted will all ave the same chem- {cal composition. Therefore, the determination of identi- cal compasitions for two successive layers of deposited filler metal will provide evidence thatthe last layer is ‘undiluted. Layers diluted by mild steel base metal will be low in chromium and nickel. Paticular attention should be given to carbon when analyzing Type 308L, 308LSi, 308LMo, 3091, 309LSi, 309LMo, 316L, 3161S, 317L, 320LR, 383, 385, 446LMo, 2208, or 2553 weld metal ‘deposited using either solid or metal cored electrodes or rods, Because of carbon pick-up, the undiluted layers in ‘ pad built on high-carbon base metal begin a consider tble distance above the base.AUS AS-9 93 WM O74265 0502274 4Ob a AG. Ventilation During Welding ‘AG.L Five major factors govern the quantity of fumes to which welders and welding operators can be exposed during welding: (2) Dimensions ofthe space in which welding is done (with special regard tothe height of the eeling) (@) Number of welders and welding operators work ing inthe space (@) Rate of evolution of fumes, gases, or dust, accord ing tothe materials and processes involved (4) The proximity of the welders or welding operators to the fumes as they issue from the welding zone, and to the gases and dusts in the space in which they are working (6) The ventilation provided tothe space in which the welding is done AG2 American National Standard 249.1, Safety in Weld. ing and Cutting (published by the American Welding Society), discusses the ventilation that is required during. welding and should be referred to for details. Attention is particularly drawn to the soction of that document related to Health Protection and Ventilation. AT. Ferrite in Weld Deposits ‘ATL Ferrite is known to be very beneficial in reduch the tendency for cracking or fissuting in weld metals; however, it is not essential. Millions of pounds of fully austenlle weld metal have been used for years and provided satisfactory service performance, Generally, ferrite is helpful when the welds are restrained, the joints are large, and when cracks or fissures adversely affect service performance. Ferrite increases the wold strength level. Ferrite may have a detrimental effect on corrosion resistance in some environments. It also is generally regarded as detrimental to toughness in eryogenic serv- ice, end in high-temperature service where it can trans- form into the britle sigma phase, AT2 Ferrite can be measured on a relative scale by means of various magnetic instruments, However, work by the Subcommittee for Welding of Stainless Steel of the High Alloys Committee of the Welding Research ‘Council (WRC) established that the lack of a standard calibration procedure resulted in a very wide spread of readings on a given specimen when measured by differ- cent laboratories. A specimen averaging 5.0 percent fet rite based on the data collected from al the laboratories ‘was measured as low as 3.5 percent by some and as high 8 80 percent by others. Atan average of 10 percent, the spread was 7.0 to 16.0 percent. In order to substantially reduce this problem, the WRC Subcommittee published ‘on July 1, 1972, A’ Calibration Procedure for Insiru- ‘ments to Measure the Delta Ferrite Content of Austenitic Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998 1" ‘Stainless Steel Weld Metal. In 1974, the AWS extended this procedure and prepared AWS A4.2, Standard Pro- cedures for Calibrating Magnetic Instruments to Mea- sure the Delta Ferrite Content of Austenitic Stainless ‘Steet Weld Metal. All instruments used to measute the ferrite content of AWS classified stainless electrode prod- cls were to be traceable to this AWS standard. ‘A73 The WRC Subcommitiee also adopted the term Ferrite Number (EN) to be used in place of percent ferrite, o clearly indicate that tho measuring instrument was eaibrated tothe WRC procedure. The Ferrite Num- bet, upto 10 FN, is tobe considered equal tothe “porcent ferrite” term previously used, It represents a good aver- age of commercial US. and world practice onthe “per- cant ferile”, Through the use of standard calibration Procedures, differences in readings due to instrument calibration are expected tobe reduced to about #5 pet- cent, or atthe most, #10 percent of tho measured ferrite value, AT In the opinion of the WRC Subcommittee, it has been impossible, to dat, to accurately determine the true albsolute ferite content of weld metals. ATS Even on undiluted pads, fersite variations from pad to pad must be expected due to slight changes in ‘welding and measuring variables. On a large group of pads from one heat of lot and using a standard pad ‘welding and preparation procedure plus or minus two sigma values indicate that 95 percent of the tests are expected to be within a range of approximately 2.2 FN at about 8 FN. If different pad welding and preparation procedures ae used, these variations will increase. AZ. Even larger variations may bo encountered if the welding technique allows excessive nitrogen pickup, in ‘which ease the fertite can be much lower than it should be. High nitrogen pickup can cause a typical 8 FN ‘deposit to drop to 0 FN. A nitrogen pickup of 0.10 per- ‘ent will typically decrease the FN by about 8, ATL7 Plate materials tend to be balanced chemically to have an inherently Jower ferrite content than matching. ‘weld metals. Weld metal diluted with plate metal will ‘usually be somewhat lower in ferrite then the undiluted weld metal, though this does vary depending on the ‘amount of dilution and the composition of the base metal. A78 The welding process used and the welding condi- tions and technique have a significant influence on the ‘chemical composition and the fortte content of the weld deposit in many instances. Those influences must be 1, Welding Research Council, 348 East 47th Street, New ‘York, NY 10017,AUS AS-9 93 MM O7842E5 OS01275 342 Ml 2 considered by the user if the weld deposit must mest specific chemical or Ferrite Number limits. The purpose of A7.9.1 through A7.9.3 is to present some general {information on the effect of various welding processes on the chemical composition and the ferrite content of weld deposits made with filler metal classiied in this specification, .A7.9 The chemical composition of a given weld deposi ‘na the capability of providing an approximately predct- able Ferrite Number for the deposit, as described in ‘A713 with the limitations discussed here. However, {important changes in the chemical compositions can ‘occur from wire to deposit as described in A7.9.1 through AISA. A791 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding. This welding ‘process involves the least change in the chemical com- position from wire to deposit, and hence produces the smallest difference between the ferrite content calculat- cd from the wire analysis and that measured on the ‘deposit, There is some loss of carbon in gas tungsten arc ‘welding - about half ofthe carbon content above 0.02 per cent. Thus, a wire of 0.06 percent carbon will typically produce a deposit of 0.04 percent carbon. There is also ‘some nitrogen pickup—a gain of 0.02 perceat. The chango in other elements is not significant in the undiluted weld metal A792 Gas Metal Are Welding, For this process, typical carbon losses are low, only about one quarter those ofthe gas tungsten are welding process. Howeve the typical nitrogen pick up is much higher than in gas tungsten are welding, and it should be estimated at about 0.04 percent (equivalent to about 3 or 4 FN loss) unless specific measurements on welds fr a particular applica- tion establish other values. Nitrogen pickup inthis proc- cess is very dependent upon the welding technique and ‘may go as high as 0.15 percent or more, This may result in litle or no ferrite in the weld deposits of filler metals such as ER308 and ER309, Some slight oxidation plus jon losses may occur in manganese, silicon, ickel, and molybdenum contents. A793 Submerged Are Welding. Submerged are welds show variable guns, losses of alloying elements, ‘or both depending on the fux used All faxes produce some changes inthe chemical composition as the elec- twode is melted and deposited as weld metal. Some fluxes delbersicly add alloying elements such as columbium (iobium) and molybdenum; others are very active ia the sense that they deplete significant amounts of cera elements that are readily axidized, such chromium, Other foxes aries active and may contain small routs of alloysto offset any losses and thereby, produce aweld HAL Figure A2—Espy Percent Ferrite Diagram for Stainless Steel Weld Metal Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ‘Thu Wy 05 1548.05 198AUS AS.9 93 O7aN2b5 0501276 OS) mm 6 n Tf lene! 2 rennire g NUMBER ze 3 nOSTEN Te i Z 0 0 3 . aa e 2 ZI a acnenio an PERCENT 7 2 %, TERRES 7} Ee Oe, i § wa Je ge d "AUSTENTE: 5, CA PLUS FeRAITE 0 ev 8 «© 0 1 @ 8 « 6 8 #7 CHROMIUM, EQUNALENT = Cr + HMo+ 15:81 +05 x 18CD Cet ho eicket ena chromium equivalents tom the weld metal a ‘ss00m@( 08 for GTA ardcoveres olocvodo, 00.08% for GMA weld mata. the chomity. alvogenaneiels ofthe weld meta isnot avaiabi, eouraothealagram predicts ne WAC Forrto Numer within piu or minus 3 in approximately 00% of ho tet fr th 30, S08, 316 and 317 felis. Figure A3—DeLong (FN) Diagram for Stainless Steel Weld Metal ‘and also for direot overlay on mld steel for corrosion and ‘wear applications when used with the gas metel arc process. The gas tungsten arc, plasma arc, and electron bbeam processes are not suggested for direct application of this filler metal on mild steel, ‘A83 ER219. The nominal composition (w.%) of this classification is 20 Cr, 6 Ni 9 Mp, and 020 N. Filler elas of this classification are mast often used to weld ‘UNS $21900 base metals. This alloy is @ nitrogen- sirengihened austenitic stainless steal exhibiting high strangth and good toughness over a wide range of temperatures. ‘Weldments made using this filler metal aro nat subject to extbide precipitation inthe as-weléed condition, Ni- trogen alloying reduces the tendency for intergranular ‘xtbide precipitation inthe weld area by inhibiting c 'bon diffusion and thereby increases resistance to Int granular corrosion. ‘Tho BR210 filler metal has suficent total alloy con- tent for use in joining dissimilar alloys ike mild stel and the stainless stels, and also for direct overlay on Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998 ‘mild steel for corrosive applications when used with the ‘28s metal arc welding process. The gas tungsten arc, plasma ar, and electron beam processes are not suggest= ed for direct application of ths filler metal on mild sec. ‘A84 ER240. The nominal composition (W.%) of this classification is 18 Cx, 5 Ni, 12 Ma, and 0.20 N, Filler metal of this classification is most often used to weld ‘UNS $24000 and UNS $24100 base metals. These alloys are nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless steels ex- hibiting high strength and good toughness over a wide ange of temperatures. Significant improvement of weat lance in particle-to-metal and metal-to-metal (gall- {ng) applications isa valuable characteristic when comi- pared to the more conventional austenitic stainless steels such as Type 304. Nitrogen alloying reduces the ten- dency toward intergranular carbide precipitation in the ‘weld area by inhibiting carbon diffusion thereby redue- {ng the possibility for intergranular corrosion. Nitrogen. alloying also improves resistence to pitting and crevice corrosion in aqueous chloride-containing media. In addi- tion, weldments in Type 240 exhibit improved resistanceWas ae-4 99 mm OF80dLS UEDDETS To a 16 {o transgranular stress corrosion cracking in hot aqueous chloride-containing media, The BR240 filler metal has sufficient total alloy content for use in joining dissimilar alloys like mild steel and the stainless stels and also for direct overlay on mild ste! for corrosion and wear appli- cations when used with the gas metal ae process. The ‘5 tungsten are, plasma arc, and electron beam proc- esses ae not suggested for direct application of this filler metal on mild steel, ‘A8.5 ER3O7. The nominal composition (wt.%) oft classification is 21 Cr, 9.5 Ni, 4 Ma, 1 Mo. Filler metals of this classification are used primarily for moderate- strength welds with good crack resistance between dis- similar steels such as austenitic manganese steel and ‘carbon stel forgings or castings. ‘A8.6 ER308. The nominal composition (Wt. of this ‘lassification is 21 Cr, 10 Ni, Commercial specifications for filler and base metals vary in the minimum alloy requirements; consequently, the names 18-8, 19-9, and 20-10 are often associated with filler metals of this classification, This classification Is most often used to ‘weld baso metals of similar composition, in particular, ‘Type 304. ‘8.7 ER308H. ‘This classification isthe same as ER3O8, ‘except that the allowable carbon content has been re- stricted to the higher portion of the 308 range. Carbon content in the range of0.04-0.08 provides higher strength at clevated temperatures. This filler metal is used for ‘welding 304H base metal ‘A8.8 ER3OBL. This classification is the same as R308, ‘except for the carbon content. Low carbon (0,03 percent ‘max) inthis filler metal reduces the possibility of into granular carbide precipitation. This increases the resist ance to intergranular corrosion without the use of stabilizers such as columbium (niobium) or titsnium. Strength of this low-carbon alloy, however, i less than that of the columbium (aiobium)-stabilized alloys or ‘Type 308H at elevated temperatures A8.9 ERSOSLSI. This classification is the same as 'BR3OSL, except for the higher silicon content. This improves the usability of the filler metal in the gas metal, are welding process (see A9.2), If the dilution by the base metal produces a low ferrite or fully austenitic weld, the crack sensitivity of the weld is somewhat higher than that of lower silicon content weld metal. ‘A8.10 ER308Mo. This classification is the same as ER3O8, except for the addition of molybdenum. It is used for welding ASTM CF8M stainless steel castings ‘and matches the base metal with regard to chromium, nickel, and molybdenum contents, It may be used for Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998 ‘olding wrought materials such as Type 316 (UNS31600) stainless when a ferrite content in excess ofthat attain- able with the BR316 classification is desired. A811 ER3OSLMo. This classification is used for weld- ing ASTM CF3M stainless steel castings and matches the base metal with regard to chromium, nickel, and ‘molybdenum contents. It may be used for welding wrought ‘materials such as Type 316L stainless whon a ferrite in ‘excess of that attainable with ER316L is desired. A812 ER3OSSI. This classification is the same as 1ER3OB, except for the higher silicon content. This im- proves the usability of the filler metal in the gas metal are welding processes (see A9.2). Ifthe dilution by the base metal produces alow ferrite or fully austenitic weld metal, the crack sensitivity of the weld is somewhat ‘higher than that ofa lower silicon content weld metal A8.13 ER309, The nominal composition (wt.%) of this ‘lassification is 24 Cr, 13 Ni, Filler metals ofthis clas fication are commonly used for welding similar alloys in ‘wrought or cast form. Occasionally, they are used 10 weld Type 304 and similar base metals whore severe corrosion conditions exist requiring higher alloy weld ‘metal, They are also used in dissimilar metal welds, such as joining Type 304 to carbon stel, welding the clad side of Type 304 clad stels, and applying stainless stool sheet Linings to carbon stel shells A8.14 ER3OSL, This classification is the same as ER309, except for the carbon content. Low carbon 0.03, percent max) inthis filler metal reducos the possibility of intergranular carbide precipitation. This increases the resistance to intergranular corrosion without the use of stabilizers such as columbium (niobium) o: titanium, ‘Strength of this low-carbon alloy, however, may not be as great at elevated temperatures as that of the colum- bium (alobium)-stabiized alloys or ER309, ABAS ER309Si, This classification is the same as 'ER309, except for higher silicon content. This improves the usability of the filer metal in the gas metal arc ‘welding processes (see A9.2). Ifthe dilution by the base metal produces a low ferrite or fully austenitic weld ‘metal deposit, the crack sensitivity of the weld is som what higher than thet of a lower silicon content weld metal. A816 ER309Mo, This classification is the same as 1ER309 except for the addition of 2.0 to 3.0 percent ‘molybdenum to increase its pitting corrasion resistance inhalide-containing environments. The primary applica- tion for this filler metal is surfacing of base metals to {improve theit corrosion resistance. The ER309Mo is used to achieve a single-layer overlay with a chemical composition similar to that of a 316 steinfess steel I isAUS AS-4 93 mm 0764265 0503260 707 mm also used for the first layer of multilayer overlays with filler metals such as ER316 or ER317 stainless steels, Without the first layer of 309Mo, cloments such as chromium and molybdenum might be reduced to unac- ceptable levels in successive layers by dilution from the base metal. Other applications include the welding of ‘molybdenum-containing stainless sto! linings to carbon steel shells, the joining of carbon steel base metals which had been clad with e molybdenum-containing stainless steal, and the joining of dissimilar base metals such a8 carbon stel t0 Type 304 stainless steel, A817 ER30SLMo. This classification is the same as, ‘an ER309Mo except for a lower maximum carbon con- tent (0.03%). Low-carbon contents in stainless steels feduce the possibility of chromium carbide precipitation and thereby increase weld metal resistance to intergranu- lar corrosion, The BR309LMo is used in the same type of, applications as the ER309MOo, but whore excessive pick- up of carbon from dilution by the base metal, where intergranular corrosion from carbide precipitation, or both are factors to be considered in the selection of the filler motal. In multilayer overlays, the low carbon 'ER3O9LMo is usually needed for the frst layer in order to.achieve low carbon contents in successive layers with filler metals such as ER316L or ER317L. A818 ER3OSLSI, This classification is the same as ‘ER3OSL, except for higher silicon content. This im- ‘roves the usability of the filler metal in the gas metal are welding provesses (see A9.2). Ifthe dilution by the base metal produces a low ferrite or fully austenitic weld, the crack sensitivity of the weld is somewhat higher than that of a lower silicon content weld metal. ‘A819 BR310. The nominal composition (wt.%) ofthis classification is 26.5 Cr, 21 Ni. Filler motal of this classification is most often used fo weld base metals of similar composition, ‘A8.20 ER312, The nominal composition (wt.%) of this classification is 30 Cr, 9 Ni. Filler metal ofthis clasifi- cation was originally’ designed to weld cast alloys of similar composition. It also has been found to be valu- able in welding dissimilar metals such as carbon steel to stainless steel, particularly those grades high in nickel. This alloy gives a two-phase weld doposit with substan- tial percentages of ferrite in an austenito matrix. Even ‘with considerable dilation by austenite-forming elements, such a nickel, the microstructure remains two-phase and ‘thus highly resistant to weld metal cracks and fissures, A821 ER316. The nominal composition (wt.%) ofthis, classification is 19 Cr, 12.5 Ni and 2.5 Mo This filer ‘etal is used for welding Type 316 and similar alloys. Tt has beon used successfully in certain applications in- ‘volving special base metas for high-temperature service, Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998 ” ‘The presence of molybdenum provides creop resistance at elevated temperatures and pitting resistanc in a halide atmosphere, Rapid corrosion of ER316 weld metal may occur When the following three factors co-exist: (1) The presence of a continuous or semicontinuous network of ferrite in the weld metal microstructure @ Acomposition balance of the weld metal giving a cchromium-to-molybdenum ratio of less than 8.2 to 1 ) Immersion of the weld metal in a corrosive ‘medium. Attempts to classify the media in which accel- erated corrosion will take place by attack on the ferite phase have not been entirely successful. Strong oxidiz- {ng and mildly reducing environments have been present where a number of corrosion failures were investigated and documented. The literature should be consulted for latest recommendations, ‘A8.22 ERSIGH. This filler metal isthe same as ER316, except that the allowable carbon content has been re- siricted to the higher portion of the 316 range, Carbon content in the range of 0.04 to 0.08 wt.% provides higher strength at elevated temperatures, This filler metal is used for welding 316H base metal, ‘A823 ERSIOL. This classification is the same as 'ERS16, except forthe carbon content. Low carbon (0.03 percent max.) in this filler metal reduces the possiblity ‘of intergranular chromium carbide precipitation and there- by increases the resistance to intergranular corrosion without the use of stabilizers such as columbium (niobi- ‘um) or titanium, This filler metal is primarily used for wolding low-carbon molybdenum-beating austenitic al- loys. This low-carbon alloy, however, is not a strong at clovated temperature as the columbium (aiobium)-stabi- lized alloys or Type ER316H. A824 ERSIGLSI, his classification is the same as [ERSIGL, except for the higher silicon content, This improves the usability ofthe filler metal in the gas metal are welding process (see 9.2). If the dilution by the base metal produces a low ferrite or fully austenitic Weld, the crack sensitivity is somewhat higher than that, (of a lower silicon content weld metal, ‘A825 ER3I6Si. This classification is the same as 'ER316, except for the higher silicon content. This im- proves the usability of the filer metal in the gas motel are welding process (see A9.2). If the dilution by the base metal produces a low ferrite or fully austenitic Weld, the crack sensitivity of the weld is somewhat higher than that of a lower silicon content weld metal. ‘48.26 ER3I7. The nominal composition (wt) ofthis classification is 19.5 Cr, 14 Ni,3.5 Mo, somewhat higher than ER316, It is usually used for welding alloys of similar composition, ER3I7 filler metal is utilized inAWS A5.9 93 MM O7B4265 0503281 b4b mm Ty severely corrsive environments where crevice and pit- ting corrosion are of concern. A8.27 ER3I7L, This classification is the same as ER317, except forthe carbon content. Low carbon (0.03 percent mx) inthis filler meta reduces the possibility of intergranular carbide precipitation. This increases the resistance to intergranular corrosion without the use of sabilizers such a8 columbjum (niobium) or titanium. ‘This low-carbon alloy, however, may not be as strong at ‘elevated temperature as the columbium (niobium)-sabi- lized alloys or Type 317. ‘A8.28 ER3I8, This composition is identical to ER316, except forthe addition of eolumbium (niobium). Colum- ‘bum (niobium) provides resistance to intergranular chro- nium carbide precipitation and thus increased resistance to intergranular corrosion Filler metal of this classifica- 3 is used primarily for welding base metals of similar composition, ‘AB.29 ER320, The nominal composition (wt.%) ofthis classification is 20 Cr, 34 Ni, 2.5 Mo, 3.5 Cu with (Co(Nb) added to provide resistance to intergranular cor- rosion, Filler metal ofthis classification is primarily used to weld base metals of similar composition for applica- tions where resistance to severe corrosion involving a range of chemicals, including sulfuric and sulfu- rous acids and their salts, is required. This filler metal ‘can be used to weld both castings and wrought alloys of similar composition without postweld heat treatment. A modification of this classification without columbiuma (aiobium) is available for ropsiring castings which do not contain columbium (aiobium), but with this mo: fied composition, solution annealing is required after welding. A830 ER320LR (Low Residuals). This classification haa the same basic composition as ER320; however, the clements C, Si, P, and S are specified a lower maximum levels and the Cb (Nb) and Ma are controlled at narrower ranges. These changes reduce the weld metal hot crack= ‘ng and fissuring (while maintaining the corrosion resist= ‘ance) frequently encountered in fully austenitic stainless steel weld metals, Consequently, welding practices ty cally used for austenitic stainless steel weld metals con- taining ferrite can be used in bare filler metal welding. processes such as gas tungsten arc and gas metal arc. ERIZOLR filler metal has been used successfully in submerged arc overlay welding, but it may be prone 10 cracking when used for joining base metal by the sub- ‘merged ate process, ER320LR weld metal has @ lower ‘minirumn tensile strength than ER320 weld metal. ‘A831 ER321, The nominal composition (wt.%) of this classification is 19.5 Cr, 9.5 Ni with titanium added. The titanium aets in the same way as columbium (aiobium) Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998 {in Type 347 in reducing intergranular chromium carbide precipitation and thus increasing resistance to itergran- lar corrosion, The filler metal of this classification is ‘used for welding chromium-nickel stainless steel base ‘metals of similar composition, using an inrt gas shielded process. Is not suitable for use with the submerged arc process because only a small portion of the titanium will be recovered in the weld metal. ‘A832 ER330, The nominal composition (wi. ofthis ‘classification is 35.5 Ni, 16 Cr. Filler metal of this type is ‘commonly used where heat and scale resisting properties, above 1800°F (980°C) are required, except in high- sulphur environments, as these environments may ad~ versely affect elevated temperature performance. Repairs of defects in alloy castings and the welding of castings and wrought alloys of similar composition are the most ‘common applications. ‘A833 ER347. The nominal composition (wt.%) ofthis classification is 20 Cx, 10 Ni with Co(Nb) added as a stabilizer. Te addition of Cb(Nb) reduces the possibility cof intergranular chomium cerbide precipitation and thus ‘susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. The filler metal of this classification is usually used for welding chromi- ‘um-nickel stainless steel base metals of similar compos tion stabilized with either Cb(Nb) or Ti Although Cb(Nb) is the stabilizing element usually specified in Type 347 alloys, it should be recognized that tantalura (Ta) is also present. Ta and Cb(Nb) are almost equally effective in stabilizing carbon and in providing high-temperature strength, I dilution by the base metal produces a low fertite or fully austenitic weld meta, the crack sensi tivity of the weld may increase substantially. ‘A834 ERMTSI. This classification is the same as [ER347, except for the higher silicon content. This im- proves the usability of the filler metal in the gas metal are welding process (see A9.2). Ifthe dilution by the base metal produces a low fortte or fully austenitic weld, the crack sensitivity of the weld is somewhat hhighcr than that of a lower silicon content weld metal, ‘A835 ER383. ‘The nominal composition (wt.%) ofthis, ‘classification is 27.5 Cr, 31.5 Ni,3.7 Mo, and 1 Cu, Filler ‘metal ofthis classification is used to weld UNS NO8028 ‘base metal to itself, orto other grades of stainless steel. ‘ER383 filler metal is recommended for sulphuric and ‘phosphoric acid environments. The elements C, Si, P, and § are specified at low maximum levels to minimize ‘weld melal hot cracking and fissuring (while maintain- {ng tho corrosion resistance) frequently encountered in fully austenitic stainless steel weld metals ‘A836 ER385, The nominal composition (wt) of this classification is 205 Cr, 25 Ni, 4.7 Mo, and 1.5 Cu, [ER38S filler metal is used primarily for welding ofAUS: AS 93 MM 0784265 OSOl2es2 S82 ASTM B625, B673, B674, and B677 (UNS NOBSO4) materials for the handling of sulphur acid and many chloride containing media, ER38S filler metal also may ‘be used to join Type 317L material where improved ‘corrosion resistance in specific media is needed, BR38S filler metal may be used for joining UNS NO6904 base ‘metals to other grades of stainlos steel, The elements C, S, P, and Si are specified at lower maximum levels 10 ‘minimize weld metal hot cracking, and fissuring (while ‘maintaining corrosion resistance) frequently encountered, in fully austenitic weld metals A837 ER409, This 12 Cr alloy (wt. differs from ‘Type 410 material because it has « forrtic microstruc ture. The titanium addition forms carbides to improve corrosion resistance, increase strength at high tempera ture, and promote the ferrtic microstructure, ER409 filler metals may be used to join matching or dissimilar ‘base metals. The greatest usage is for applications where thin stock is fabricated into exhaust system components. A838 ER409Cb. This classification is the same as ER409 except that columbium (niobium) is used instead of titanium to achieve similar results. Oxidation losses across the are generally are lower. Applicetions are the same as those of ER40S filler metals, A8.39 ER41O, This 12 Cralloy (wt.%) is an ait-harden- ing steel. Preheat and postheat treatments are required to achieve welds of adequate ductility for many engineet- ‘ng purposes. The most common application of filler ‘metal of this type is for welding alloys of similar compo- sition. Its also used for deposition of overlays on carbon, steels to resist corrosion, erosion, or abrasion. A840 ER410NIMo, The nominal composition (wt) Of this classification is 12 Cr, 4.5 Ni, 0.55 Mo. It is primarily designed for welding ASTM CAGNM castings ‘or similar material, as well as light gage 410, 410S, and 405 base metals, Filler metal of this classification is ‘modified to contain less chromium and more nickel to climinate ferrite in the microstructure as ithas a deleteri- us effect on mechanical properties. Final postweld heat treatment should not exceed 1150°F (620°C), as higher ‘temperatures may result in rehardening due to untem- Pered martensite in the microstructure after cooling 10 ‘oom temperature, A841 ER420. This classification is similar to ER410, ‘except for slightly higher chromium and carbon eon tents. ER420 is used for many surfacing operations re- quiring corrosion resistance provided by 12 percent chromium slong with somewhat higher hardness than ‘wold metal deposited by ER410 electrodes, This in- ‘creases wear resistance. ‘A842 ER430, This is a 16 Cr (wt,%) alloy. The com- Position is balanced by providing sufficient chromium to Cony bythe Aretian Weng Sock he Sy 08 1385 18 9 give adequate corrosion resistance forthe usual applica- tions, and yet retain sufficient ductility in the heat- treated condition. (Excessive chromium will result in lower duatity.) Welding with fillr motal of the ER430 classification usually requires preheating and postweld ‘heat treatment Optimum mechanical properties and corrosion resist- ‘ance are obtained only when the weldment is heat treated following the welding operation. ABA3 ER446LMo. The nominal composition (wt.%) ofthis classification (formerly listed as ER26-1) is 26 Cr, 1 Mo. It is used for welding baso metal of the same ‘composition with inert gas shielded welding processes ‘Dueto the high purity ofboth base metal and filler metal, cleaning of the parts before welding is most important. Complete coverage by shielding gas during welding is extremely important {0 prevent contamination by oxy- gen end nitrogen. Nonconventional gas shielding meth- ‘ods (leading, trailing, and back shielding) often are ‘employed. A844 ERSO2, ‘The nominal composition (wt.%) of this classification is 5 Cr and 0.50 Mo, It is used for welding ‘material of similar composition, usually in the form of pipe or tubing, The alloy is an sir-hardening material, tnd therefore, when welding with this filler metal, pre- heating and postweld heat treatment are required, ABAS ERSOS, The nominal composition (wt.%) of this, classification is 9 Cx, 1 Mo. Filler metal of this classi cation is used for welding base metal of similar composi tion, usually inthe form of pipe or tubing, The alloy isan sirchardening material, and therefore, when welding with this filler metal, preheating and postweld heat treatment ace required. A846 ER630, The nominal composition (wt.%) of this, classification is 16.4 Cr, 4.7 Ni, 3.6 Cu, The composition is designed primarily for welding ASTM A564 Type 630 and some other precipitation-hardening staialess steels ‘The composition is modified to prevont the formation of ferrite networks in the martensitic microstructure which have a deleterious effect on mechanical properties. De- pendent onthe application and weld size, the weld metal ‘may bo used either as-welded, wolded and precipitation hardened, or welded, solution treated, and precipitation hardened. A847 ERIG8-2. The nominal composition (wt.%) of this classification is 15.5 Cr, 8.5 Ni, 1.5 Mo. Filer metal of this classification is used primarily for welding stain- less steel such as types 16-8-2, 316, and 347 for high- pressure, high-temperature piping systems. The weld eposit usually has a Ferrito Number no higher than SFN. The deposit also has good hot-ductlity properties which offer greater freedom from weld or crater crackingAUS AS/9 93 MM O7S42GS 0501283 439 ml ‘even under restraint conditions. The weld meta is usable in either the as-welded condition or solution-treated con- dition, This filler metal depends on a very carefully balanced chemical composition to develop its fullest properties, Corrosion tests indicate that the 16-8-2 weld metal may have less coztosion resistance than 316 bese metal, dependiag on the corrosive media. Where the weldment is exposed to severe corrodants, the surface layers should be deposited with a more corrosion-resstant filler metal. ‘A848 ERI9-10H. The nominel composition (wt.%) of this classification is 19 Cr, 10 Ni and similar to ER308H ‘except thatthe chromium content is lower and there are additional limits on Mo, Nb(Cb), and Ti. This lower limit of Cr and additional limits on other Cr equivalent clements allows a lower ferrite range to be attained. A lower ferrite level in the weld metal decreases the chance of sigma embrittlement after Iong-ferm exposure a tem- peratures in excess of 1000°F ( C). This filler metal should be used in conjunction with welding processes ‘and other welding consumables which do not deplete or otherwise significantly change the amount of chromium {in the weld metal. [fused with submerged arc welding, a ‘lux thet neither removes nor adds chromium to the weld ‘metal is highly recommended. This Giller metal also has the higher carbon level equited for improved creep propetties in high-tempera- ture service, The user is eautioned that actual weld application qualification testing is recommended in or- der to be sure that an acceptable weld metal carbon level is obtained, If eotrosion or sealing is a concer, speci ‘esting, as outlined in Section A10, Special Tests, should be included in application testing. ‘A849 ER2209, The nominal composition (wL.%) of this classification is 22.5 Cr, 8.5 Ni, 3 Mo, 0.15 N. Fler ‘metal of this classification is used primarily to weld duplex stainless steels which contain approximately 22 percent of chromium such as UNS $31803. Deposits of this alloy have “duplex” microstructures consisting of an austenite-ferrte matrix. These stainless stels are char- acterized by high tensile strength, resistance to stress ‘corrosion cracking, and improved resistance to pitting. ‘A8.S0 ER25S3. The nominal composition (wt.%6) of this classification is 25.5 Cr, 5.5 Ni, 3.4 Mo, 2Cu, 0.2. Filler metal of this classification is used primarily 10 ‘weld duplex stainless stools which contain approximate- ly 25 percent chromium. Deposits of this alloy have & “duplex” microstructure consisting of an austenite-ferrite ‘mattix. Thece stainless steels are characterized by high tensile strength, resistance to stress corrosion cracking, ‘and improved resistance to pitting, ‘A851 ER3S56. The nominal composition (wi.%) of this classification is 29 Fe, 21 Ni, 22 Cr, 18.5 Co, 3 Mo, Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998 2.5 W (UNS R30556), Filler metal of this classification is used for welding 31 Fe, 20 Ni, 22 Cr, 18 Co, 3 Mo, 2.5 W (UNS R30556) base metal to itself, for joining ‘eel to other nickel alloys, and for surfacing steel by the 8 tungsten arc, gas metal arc, and plasma arc welding processes. The filer metal is resistant to high-lempera- ture corrosive environments containing sulfur. Typical specifications for 31 Fe, 20 Ni, 22 Cx, 18 Co, 3 Mo, 2.5 W base metal are ASTM B435, BS72, BO19, B62, ‘nd B626, UNS number R30556. A9. Usability ‘ASL When welding stainless steels with the gas tung- sten are process, direct current electrode negative (deen) Js preferred, For base metal upto 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) thick, argon is the preferred shielding gas because there is less tendency to molt through these lighter thicknesses. For ‘greater thicknesses, or for automatic welding, mixtures ff helium and argon are recommended because of the ‘greater penetration and better surface appearance, Argon. ‘28s for shiclding may also be used and will give satisfac- ‘ory results in most cases, but a somewhat higher amper~ age will be required. For information on the effects of higher silicon, see A9.2 and the classification of interest. .A9.2 When using the gas metal are welding process in ‘which the filler metal is employed as an electrode, direct current electrode positive (dcep) is most commonly used. ‘The shielding gas for spray transfer is usually argon, with ‘of without minor additions of oxygen. For short cireut- ing transfer, shielding gases composed of helium plus Additions of oxygen and carbon dioxide often are used. ‘The minimum thickness that can be welded is approxi- mately 18 103/16 in, (3.2 0 4.8 mm). However, thinner sections can be joined if a backing is used. The higher silicon levels improve the washing and wetting behavior of the weld metal For instance, for increases from 0:30 to 0.65 percent silicon, the improvement is pronounced; for increases from 0.65 to 1.0 percent silicon, further improvement is experienced but is less pronounced, .A93 For submerged arc welding, direct current elec- tuode positive (dcep) or alternating current (ac) may be ‘used, Basic or neutral fluxes are generally recommended in order to minimize silicon pickup and the oxidation of. chromium and other elements. When welding with fux- es that are not basic or neutral, electrodes having @ silicon content below the normal 0:30 percent minimum may be desired for submerged arc welding. Such active fluxes may contribute some silicon to the weld meta. In this case, the higher silicon does not significantly im- prove the washing and welting action of the weld metal, ASA The strip cladding process closely resembles con- ventional submerged arc welding, except that a thin,AUS AS~9 93 MM O7S4265 0501284 355 mm consumable strip electrode is substituted for the conven tional wire. Thus, the equipment consist of convontion- al submerged are units with modified contact tips and {eed olls. Normal power sources with «minimum output of 750 amperes are used. If submerged erc equipment is available, then the same feeding motor, gear box, flux handling system, wire spool, and controls used to feed Wite electrodes can be used for strip surfacing. The only ifforence in most cases is a strip welding head and ‘bolt-on” adaptor plate ‘Strip surfacing is generally carried out using direct ‘current supplied either from a generator or from a rect cet, Power sources with either constant voltage or droop- ‘ng characteristics aze used routinely ‘A constant-voltage power source is preferable, how= ‘over, generator of rectifier type can be connected in parallel to produce higher cutrent for specific applica tions. The use of direct cutrent electrode positive (deep) yields somewhat better edge shape and a more regular ‘deposit surface, ALO. Special Tests A101 Corrosion or Scaling Tests, Tests of joint spec ‘mens have the advantage that the joint design and weld {ng procedure can be made identical to that being used in fabrication, They have the disadvantage of testing the ‘combined properties ofthe weld metal, the heat-affectod zone of the base metal, and the unaffected base metal Furthermore, iti difficult to obtain reproducible data if «difference exists between the corrosion or oxidation rates of the various metal structures (wold metal, heat- affected zone, and unaffected base metal). Test samples cannot be readily standardized if welding procedure and Joint design are to be considered variables. Joint speci ‘mens for corrosion tests should not be used for qualifying the filler meta, but may be used for qualifying welding procedures using approved materials. Special corrosion, ‘or ale resisting ests which are pertinent othe intended application may be conducted as agreed upon between ‘he purchaser and supplier. This section is included for the guidance of those who desire to specify such special tests, ‘A10.2 The heat treatments, surface finish, and marking of te specimens prior o testing should be in accordance With standard practices for tests of similar alloys in the wrought or cast forms. The testing procedure should correspond to ASTM G4, Standard Method for Conduct- ing Corrasion Tests in Plant Equipment, oc ASTM A262, ‘Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Inter- ‘granular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels, A103 Tests for Mechanical Properties. The tensile properties, bend ductility, and soundness of welds pro- Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998 a duced using filler metal which conforms with this speci- ficetion ae frequently determined during welding proce- dure qualification. For eryogenic applications, impact ‘Properties of welds are required. It should be realized ‘hat the variables inthe process, such as current, voltage, and welding speed; variables in the shielding medium, such as the ga8 mixture or flux; variables inthe manual dexterity of the welder; and variables in the composition ‘f the baso metal influence the results which may be ‘obtained. When properly controlled, however, these fill- cer metals will give sound welds under widely varying. conditions with tensile strength and ductility similar to that obtained by the covered arc welding electrodes, Tensile and elongation requirements for weld metal ‘deposited by shielded metal arc welding (covered) elec- trodes specified in ANSVAWS A5.4, Specification for ‘Stainless Stee! Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Weld- {ng, are shown in Table A2. For a discussion of impact properties for eryogenic applications, see Appendix AB of ANSVAWS AS.4, Note thatthe impact properties of ‘welds made with bare filler metals in the GTAW or GMAW processes are usually superior to those produced ‘with the SMAW or SAW processes. When supplementa- 1y tests for mechanical properties ae specified, the pro- ‘cedures should be in accordance with the latest edition of ANSVAWS B40, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds, AIL. Safety Considerations A111 Burn Protection, Molton metal, sparks, slag, and hot work surfaces are produced by welding, cutting, and allied processes, These can cause burns if precaur tionary measures are not used. Workers should wear protective clothing made of fire resistant material. Pant cuits, open pockets, or other places on clothing that can catch and retain molten metal or sparks should not be ‘worn, High-top shoes or leather leggings and fire-resit- ant gloves should be worn, Pant legs should be worn over the outside of high-top shoes, Helmets or hand shields that provide protection forthe face, neck, and eas, and a hhead covering to protect the head should be used. In addition, appropriate eye protection should be used, ‘When welding overhead or in confined spaces, ear plugs to prevent weld spatter from entering the ear canal should be worn. In addition, goggles or equivaleat should ‘be worn o give added eye protection, Clothing should be ep free of grease and oil. Combustible materials should ‘not be carried in pockets. If any combustible substance ‘has been spilled on clothing, a change to clean, fire- resistant clothing should be made before working with ‘open arcs or flame. Aprons, cape-sleeves, leggings, and shoulder covers with bibs designed for welding service should be used, Where welding or cutting of unusuallyAUS AS-9 93 MM 0784265 0501285 29] mm Table AZ Tensile Requirements for All-Weld-Metal trom ANSVAWS A5.4-02 ‘Tensile Stength, min AWS Elongation ‘Cassitiation isi MPa min Percent __Heat Treatment £20920 100) 90 1s ‘None E219.XX, 0 620 15 None E240 100 630 15 ‘None 307K 8s 390 30 None E308. 80 350 3s None ESOBEXX 80 50 35 None EROS XX 5 520 3 None E208M0-XX % 350 3s ‘None 308MoL-XX 8 520 35 None 308-xX, 80 350 30 None E0L-XX 1 520 30 ‘None ESO9CH-XX, 80 50 30 ‘None ES09MOKX. 80 550 30 ‘None E309MoL-XX 1 520 30 ‘None ES10XX 80 550 30 None FR1OLLXX, 90 520 10 ‘None E3100)-XX, 80 550 2 None ESLOMOXX 80 550 30 None ESIZAX 9s 660 2 None ESIGXX 1S 520 30 None BSIGLXX, a 520 30 None ESIGLXX 0 390 30 None E3170 80 550 30 None ESIIL-XX, 5 520 30 None EB18XX 80 550 2s None ES20XK 80 550 30 None EX2OLR-XX 8 520 30 None 390.2% B 520 2s None ESS0FEXX, 90 620 10 None ESM7XK B 520 30 None EM 100 60 2s None ESB3.XX 15 520 30 None ESHS-XX 15 520 30 None EALOXK B 450 20 2 EALONIMo-XX 110 160 1s ° A900 6 450 20 a ES02XX o 20 20 > E505-2K o 420 20 ’ 630XX 135 930 7 ° E16-8-2XX 80 550 3s None EICEXK, 0 0 20 b 2200.20 100 690 20 None EBSS3.XK 110 160 4s None ote: {Hen to 1350 to 1400°F (7301 260°) bol fron oar, frace cool at ate of 10°F (60°C) pr hou 10 (60°F (15°C) ada ooo abet Heat 1550101600 (30 10 870°C), od fox wo ous fume col a pe oucto 100% (595°) and alcool smbiet Heat to 1100 to 1S 595 o 620°) had for one our, and a cool arb at to 140 to 14S0% (96 to 790°C), hoa for wo owt, ferme cola te ot exceeding 10°F (55°C) er our to 1100 (595°) and cal embiet te not exceeding 100° (55°C) Heat 1875 fo 1925 (1005 o 030°C), hold for on hur, coo to mba, od thea preciptton tne £135 to LUGS" 610 0 630°), bol forfour hours abd a coal to seat. Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ‘Thu Wy 05 1548.05 198AUS AS.9 93 MM O7S42G5 0501266 126 mm thick base metal is involved, sheet metal shields should be used for extta protection. Mechanization of highly hazardous processes or jobs should be considered. Other personnel inthe work area should be protected by the use ‘of noncombustible screens or by the use of appropiate protection as described in tho previous paragraph, Before leaving a work ares ht workpivess shouldbe marked 0 Aer other persons of this hazard. No attempt should be made to repair or disconnect electrical equipment when {tis under load, Disconnection under load produces acing ofthe contacts and may caus buras or shock, or both, (Note: Burns can be caused by touching hot equip- ‘ment suchas electrode holders, tps, and nozles. There- fore insulated gloves should be worn when these items ‘re handled, unless an adequate cooling period has been allowed Before touching.) The following sources are for ‘more detailed information on personal protection: (1) ANSYASCZA9.1, Safety in Welding and Custing, published by the American Welding Sociely, 550 NW. LeJeune Road, P.O, Box 351040, Miami, FL 33135. @) Code ofFederatRegulations, Tile29 Labor, hap- ter XVI Part 1910, OSHA General Industry Standards available from the US. Government Printing Office, ‘Washington, DC 20402 @) ANSIASC 241.1, Safey-Toe Footwear, Ameri- can National Standards Tsttute, 11 West 42 Sire, 10h Floor, New York, NY 10036, A112 Electrical Hazards, Electric shockean kil. How eve, it can be avoided, Live electial parts should not be touched, The manufacturers instruction and recom amended safe practices should be read and understood. Frulty installation, improper grounding, and incorect operation and maintenance of electrical equipment are all sources of dange Allelectical equipment andthe workpieces should be sounded, The workpiece lead is nota ground lead, Is used only to complete the welding circuit. A. separate connection is required to ground the workpiece, The correct eabe size shouldbe sed, slace sustained overloading will cause cable failure and rsul in possi- be olectrical shock or fre hazard, All electical connec tions should be tight, clean, and dry. Poor connections can overheat and even melt, Further, they ean prodace dangerous ares and sparks, Water, groaso, or dit should not be allowed to accumulate on plugs, sockets, of elec- trical units, Moisture can conduct electricity. To prevent shock, the workarea, equipment, snd elothing shouldbe kept atal times. Welders should wear dry gloves and rubber soled shoss or stand ona dry boaed or insulated Platform. Cables and connoctions shouldbe kept in good coacition, Improper or wor electica connections may ‘rete conditions that could eause eletical shock or shor circuits. Worn, damaged, or bare cables should not bo used. Open circuit voltage should be avoided, When several welders are working with ats of diferetpolar- Cony by te Aton lla Soc he Spor 09 1si805 8 ities, or when a number of alternating current machines are being used, the open cireuit voltages can be additive, ‘The added voltages increase the severity of the shock hazard, In case of electric shock, the power should be turned OFF. If the rescuer must resort to pulling the vietim ‘rom th live contact, nonconducting materials should be used, If the victim is not breathing, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be administered as soon a8, contact with the electtial source is broken. A physician should be called and CPR continued until breathing he ‘been restored, or until a physician has arived. Electrical ‘burns are treated as thermal burns; that is, clean, cold (ced) compresses should be applied, Contamination should be avoided; the area should be covered with @ clean, cry dressing; andthe patient shouldbe transported to medical assistance, Recognized safety standards such as ANSVASCZ49.1, Safety ix Welding and Cutting, and the NFPA No. 70, National Electrical Code, available from National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA. 2268, should be followed. AML3 Fumes and Gases. Many welding, cutting, end allied processes produce fumes and gases which may be ‘harmful to health, Fumes are solid particles which origi- nate from welding filler metals and fluxes, the base ‘ital, and any coatings present on the base metal. Gases ace produced during the welding process or may be produced by the effects of process radiation on the sur- ‘environment, Management, welders, and other personnel alike should be aware of the eff fumes and gases. The amount and composi fumes and gases depend upon the composition of the filler metal and base metal, welding process, current level, arc length, and other factors. ‘The possible effects of over exposure range from invitation of eyes, skin, and respiratory system to more severe complications, Effects may occur immediately ot at some later time, Furnes can cause symptoms such as nausea, headaches, dizziness, and metal fume fever, The possibility of more serious health effects exists when ‘especially toxic materials are involved. Ia confined spac- ¢s, the shielding gases and fomes might displace breat- ing air and cause asphyxiation. One's head should always bbe kept out of the fumes. Sufficient ventilation, exhaust at the are, or both, should be used to keep fumes and {gases from your breathing zone and the general area. In some cases, natural sir movement will provide ‘enough ventilation, Where ventilation may be question- able, air sampling should be used to determine if correc tive measures should be applied. More detailed information on fumes and gases pro- duced by the various welding processes may be found in the following:AWS AS-9 93 MM 0784265 0503267 Ob4 mm (1) Tho permissible exposure limits required by OSHA. ‘can be found in Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, ‘Chapter XVII Patt 1910, The OSHA General Industry ‘Standards are available from the Superintendent of Docu ‘ments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, (@) The recommended threshold limit values for these fumes and gases may be found in Threshold Limit Values ‘for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Workroom Environment, published by the American Con- {erence of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), 6550 Glenway Avenue, Building D-5, Cincinnati, OH 4521. @) The results of an AWS-funded study are available {in aropor entitled, Fumes and Gases in the Welding En- vironment, available from the American Welding Society. ALLA Radiation, Welding, cuting, and allied opera- tions may produce radiant energy (radiation) harmful to health, One should become acquainted with the effects ofthis radiant energy. Radiant energy may be ionizing (such as x-rays), or nonvionizing (such as ultraviolet, visible light, or infr ted). Radiation can produce a varity of effects such as skin burns and eye damage, depending on the radiant cnergy's wavelength and intensity, if excessive exposure occurs. ALLA. Ionizing Radiation. Ionizing radiation is pr: duced by the electron beam welding process. It is ordi rarily controlled within acceptance limits by use of ‘suitable shielding enclosing the welding area 11.4.2 Non-Lonizing Radiation. The intensity and wavelengths of ron-ionizing radiant energy produced depend on many factors, such as the process, welding patamoters, electrode and base metal composition, flux- fs, and any coating or plating on the base metal. Some processes such as resistance welding and cold pressure welding ordinarily produce negligible quantities of radi- ant energy. However, most are welding and cutting proc- ‘esoes (except submerged are when used properly), laser ‘welding and torch welding, cutting, brazing, or soldering. ‘can produce quantities of non-ionizing radiation such that precautionary measures are necessary. Protection from possible harmful effects caused by non-ionizing radiant energy from welding include the following measures: (1) One should not ook at welding ares except through ‘welding filter plates which meot the requirements of ANSI/ASC 287.1, Practice for Occupational and Edu- cational Bye and Face Protection, published by Ameti- can Netional Standards Institute, 11 West 42 Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, Transparent welding curtains aze not intended as welding filter plates, but rather are intended to protect a passerby from incidental exposure, Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998 @) Exposed skin should be protected with adequate ‘loves and clothing as specified in ANSVASC 249.1, Safety in Welding and Cutting, published by American ‘Welding Society. (G) Reflections from welding ares should be avoided, ‘and all personnel should be protected from intense re- Aections. (Note: Paints using pigments of substantially zine oxide or titanium dioxide have & lower reflectance {for ultraviolet radiation.) (4) Screens, curtains, o adequate distance from aisles, ‘walkways, ete, should be used to avoid exposing pass- cersby to welding operations. G) Safety glasses with UV protective side shields provide some beneficial protection from ultraviolet radi ation produced by welding arcs. ‘ALLAS Ionizing radiation information sources in- (Q) American Welding Socioty. ANSIAWS F2.1, Recommended Safe Practices for Electron Beam Weld- ing and Cuating, available from the American Welding Society. (@) Manufacturer's product information literature. ‘A114 The following include non-ionizing radiation information sources: (1) Hinsichs, J. F. “Project committee on radiation- summary report”. Welding Journal, January, 1978, (2) National Technical Information Service. Non-ion- ising radiation protection special study no. 42.0053-77, evaluation ofthe potential hazards from actinic ultravio- let radiation generated by electric welding and cutting ares. Springfield, VA: National Technical Information ‘Service. ADA-033768. Non-ionizing radiation protection spe- lal study no, 42-0312-77, evaluation of the potential retina hazards from optical radiation generated by elec- trical welding and cuiting ares. Springfield, VA: Nation- al Technical Information Service. ADA-043023, (4) Moss, C.B, and Murray, W. E, “Optical radiation levels produced in gas welding, torch brazing, and oxy- gen cuting.” Welding Journal, September 1979. (8) “Optical radiation levels produced by air-carbon arc euling processes.” Welding Journal, March 1980. (6) American National Standards Institute. ANSVASC 136.1, Safeuse of lasers, New York: American National ‘Standards Institute. (1) American Welding Society. ANSVASC ZA9.1, Safety in welding and cusing. Miami, FL: Ametican ‘Welding Society. (@) American National Standards Institute, ANSASC 87.1, Practice for occupational and educational eye ‘and face protection, New York: National Standards Institute (8) Moss, C.B. “Optical radiation transmission lovels through transparent welding curtains.” Welding Journal, March 1979.AUS AS.9 93 MM O7S426S 501288 TTO a AWS Filler Metal Specifications and Related Documents ®. Designation Title FMC Filler Metal Comparison Charts M2 ‘Standard Procedures for Calibrating Magnetic Instruments to Measure the Delta Ferrite Content of Austenitic and Duplex Austenitic-Ferrtic Stainless Steel Weld Metal As ‘Standard Methods for Determination ofthe Diffusible Hydrogen Content of Martens, Bainitic, and Ferric Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding ‘A501 Filler Metal Procurement Guidelinos ASA ‘Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding AS2 ‘Specification for Cartwon and Low Alloy Steel Rods for Oxyfuel Gas Welding 53 ‘Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Electrodes for Shiolded Metal Arc Welding ASA ‘Specification or Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding ASS ‘Specification for Low Alloy Steel Covered Are Welding Electrodes A586 ‘Specification for Covered Copper and Copper Aloy Arc Welding Electrodes. AST ‘Specification for Copper and Copper Alloy Bare Welding Rods and Electrodes 58 ‘Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Wel 59 ‘Specification for Bare Stainless Stoel Wolding Electrodes and Rods ‘AS.10 Specification for Bare Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods ‘AS.11____ Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Are Welding ‘A512 Spooiiction for Tungsten and Tungsten Alloy Electrodes for Aro Welding and Cutting @ ‘A5.13 Specification for Sold Surfacing Welding Rlods and Electrodes ‘5.14 Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods ‘AS.15 Specification for Welding Electrodes and Rlods for Cast Iron ‘5.16 Speotfication for Ttanium and Titanium Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods ‘A517 Specification for Carbon Stool Eloctrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding ‘A518 Specification for Carbon Stee! Fillor Metals for Gas Shielded Arc Welding ‘A519 Specification for Magnesium Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods ‘A520 Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding ‘A521 Specification for Composite Surfacing Welding Rods and Electrodes ‘A522 Speeification for Flux Cored Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Electrodes _ _ ‘5.23 Speotfication for Low Alloy Stool Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding ‘A5.24 Specification for Zitconlum and Zirconium Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods ‘A525 Specification for Carbon and Low Alloy Stoel Electrodes and Fluxes for Electrosiag Welding ‘5.26 Specification for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Electrogas Welding A527 Specification for Copper and Copper Alloy lads for Oxytuel Gas Welding Z ‘A528 Specification for Low Alloy Stee! Filler Metals for Gas Shiolded Aro Welding ‘A5.29 Specification for Low Alloy Stool Electrodes for Flux Cored Are Welding ‘A530 Specification for Consumable Inserts ‘A5.31____ Speoiication or Fluxes for Brazing and Braze Welding eS For ordering information, contact the Order Department, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, P.O. Box 351040, Miami, Florida 33195, Phone: 1-800-334-0353, Copy by the Ameian elng Soci ha Hy 05 14805 1998