MINOR PROJECT

BUILDING SERVICES

Mulani Arbaj B. 191517

Jadhav Sanjeet B 191506
Type of building: - Residential Building
Type of Structure: - Framed Structure
Location: - Kolhapur, Maharashtra

A. Structural Elements: -
 Beams, Footings, Column, Slab
 Materials used: - Cement, Sand, Aggregates, Water
B. Non-Structural Elements: -
 Doors, Windows

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Sun path: -
In the summer season the days are long and the Sun is high in the sky. The
figure at the left shows the path of the Sun through the sky on the longest day of
the year, the Summer Solstice (June 21). This is also the day when the Sun is the
highest in the southern sky. Because the day is so long the Sun does not rise
exactly in the east, but rises to the north of east and sets to the north of west
allowing it to be in the sky for a longer period of time.
After the Summer Solstice the Sun follows a lower and lower path through
the sky each day until it reaches the point where it is in the sky for exactly 12
hours again. This is the Fall Equinox (September 21). Just like the Spring Equinox,
the Sun will rise exactly east and set exactly west on this day and everyone in the
world will experience a 12-hour day. After the Fall Equinox the Sun will continue
to follow a lower and lower path through the sky and the days will get shorter and
shorter until it reaches its lowest path and then we are back at the Winter Solstice.
In the winter the days are short and the Sun in low in the sky. The shortest
day of year falls on December 21 when the Sun is also lowest in the southern sky
as shown in the diagram at the left. Each day after the Winter Solstice, which falls
on December 21, the Sun’s path becomes a little higher in the southern sky. The
Sun also begins to rise closer to the east and set closer to the west until we reach
the day when it rises exactly east and sets exactly west. This day is called the
Spring Equinox (March 21)

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Temperature: -
Maximum Temperature: - 42℃
Minimum Temperature: - 25℃

Weather condition: -
KOLHAPUR, INDIA YEARLY MONTHLY CLIMATE WEATHER AVERAGES

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Rainfall Data: -

Sun Hours and Sun Days: -

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 Wind Direction: -

Internal Heat Gain (Qi): -

Qi = {(Number of peoples) × (Heat output rate)} + {Rated wattage Lamp} +
{Appliance Load}
Number of Peoples = 9
Heat Output Rate = 100W
Appliance Load: -
1. Fans and coolers: -
 Ceiling Fan = 75W
 Room Cooler = 250W
 Table Fan = 50W
2. Lights: -
 LED Heavy = 30W
 LED Light = 15W
3. Laptops and computers: -
 Laptop = 100W
 Computer = 200W
 Laser Printer = 200W

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4. Home Appliances: -
 Refrigerator (500L) = 500W
 Microwave Oven = 1400W
 Washing Machine = 1000W
 Geyser/Water Heater = 2200W
5. TV and Other entertainment: -
 Television LED (40") = 60W
 Set Top Box (DTH) = 50W
 Music System = 300W
6. AC’s
 Air Conditioner (1tonn,3 star) = 1200W
Material Data: -
 Concrete
Density : - 25 ken/m3
Thermal Conductivity : - 0.8 Watt/mk
Steel Density : - 78.5 kN/m3
Thermal Conductivity : - 50.2 Watt/mK

 Teak Wood (Sagwan)

Density : - 6.87 kN/m3
Thermal Conductivity : - 0.085 Watt/mK
Specific Heat : - 2300 Joule/kg0C
 Window Glass (Aluminum)
Window Glass Density : - 24.5 kN/m3
Thermal Conductivity : - 0.8 Watt/mK
Specific Heat : - 0.8 Joule/kg0C
 Brick
Density : - 2 kN/m3
Thermal Conductivity : - 0.81 Watt/mK
Specific Heat : - 0.8 Joule/kg0C
 Roofing Material: -
Ordinary concrete of grade M20
 Steel: -
Fe415 (HYSD)

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  Tiles: -
Ceramic Tiles for flooring, Glazed Tiles in Toilets

Sr. No. Description Appliance Quantity Appliance

load per unit Load
1. Ceiling Fan 75W 6 450
2. Room Cooler 250W 4 1000
3. Table Fan 50W 1 50
4. LED Heavy 30W 12 360
5. LED Light 15W 10 150
6. Laptop 100W 1 100
7. Computer 200W 0 0
8. Laser Printer 200W 1 200
9. Refrigerator 500W 2 1000
(500L)
10. Microwave 1400W 1 1400
Oven
11. Washing 1000W 2 2000
Machine
12. Geyser/Water 2200W 2 4400
Heater
13. Television LED 60W 2 120
(40")
14. Set Top Box 50W 2 100
(DTH)
15. Music System 300W 1 300

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Scope of Improvement: -

1) Improvement in Plan and Orientation

 There is no attached toilet in any of the two bedrooms of the first
floor. These should be provided for enhanced privacy.
 There is no provision of veranda on the south side of the house
due to this heat transfer is more. So, the veranda should be
provided on the south side of the wall
 As the wind direction is from west to East for maximum period of
time, Bedrooms should be located to the West side as per the
natural consideration.
 So, Staircase should be replaced by bedroom position.
 Construction of building is carried out after rainy time; it requires
more amount of water but if it was carried out during rainy
season there will be saving of plenty amount of water.

2) Improvement in Material Used: -

 Instead of providing Flush doors everywhere, Main door should
be of teak wood and the internal doors should be flush doors.
 Roofing has to be coated with water proofing materials to
provide leakages during rainy seasons.
 Frames of Windows should be made up of low thermal
coefficient, so that it will not transmit to much heat into the
building.
 Ceramic Tiles are used for flooring, which is more porous and
absorbs more water due to which it gets cracked. So, tiles such
as Porcelain tiles which are less permeable should be used. The
only problem is Skilled laboring work is required.
 Instead of using ordinary Portland cement pozzolanic cement
can be used.
 Appliances bought in home should be checked for its stars it will
be energy efficient.