WATER CONSERVATION

Water is a transparent and nearly

colorless chemical substance that is the main
constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and
oceans, and the fluids of most living
organisms. Its chemical formula is H2O,
meaning that its molecule contains one oxygen
and two hydrogen atoms, that are connected by
covalent bonds. Water strictly refers to the
liquid state of that substance, that prevails at
standard ambient temperature and pressure; but
it often refers also to its solid state (ice) or its
gaseous state (steam or water vapor). It also
occurs in nature as snow, glaciers, ice packs and
icebergs, clouds, fog, dew, aquifers, and
atmospheric humidity.
Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. It is vital for all known forms of life. On
Earth, 96.5% of the planet's crust water is found in seas and oceans, 1.7% in groundwater,
1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland, a small fraction in other large
water bodies, and 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of ice and liquid water
suspended in air), and precipitation. Only 2.5% of this water is freshwater, and 98.8% of that
water is in ice (excepting ice in clouds) and groundwater. Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is
in rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the Earth's freshwater
(0.003%) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products. A greater
quantity of water is found in the earth's interior.[4]
Water on Earth moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation and
transpiration (evapotranspiration), condensation, precipitation, and runoff, usually reaching
the sea. Evaporation and transpiration contribute to the precipitation over land. Large
amounts of water are also chemically combined or adsorbed in hydrated minerals.
Safe drinking water is essential to humans and other lifeforms even though it provides
no calories or organic nutrients. Access to safe drinking water has improved over the last
decades in almost every part of the world, but approximately one billion people still lack
access to safe water and over 2.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation. There is a clear
correlation between access to safe water and gross domestic product per capita. However,
some observers have estimated that by 2025 more than half of the world population will be
facing water-based vulnerability. A report, issued in November 2009, suggests that by 2030,
in some developing regions of the world, water demand will exceed supply by 50%.
These days, the water becomes a problem that needs serious attention. To get a good
water according to the standards terntentu already quite difficult to get. This is because the
water had been contaminated by a variety of waste from various results of human activities.
Resulting in declining water quality, as well as with the quantity.
 Previously there has been a lot of
water pollution. Not just a few species of
fish are lost, but the shrimp and fish are
also many died. Chemically, pollution in
Jakarta Bay, including quite severe. So
that the indicator pollutants such as green
mussel superbly growing rapidly. In
addition, excessive use of pesticides and
lasting will result in water pollution due
to excessive use of pesticides in a long
time.
From that case we need to conserv water to ensure availability for future generations,
reduction of fresh water from an ecosystem will not pass through the replacement value of its
natural water pumping, delivery, and wastewater treatment facilities consume large energy. In
some areas of the world (eg, California). The use of water by humans who are minimized to
help secure the deposits of a clean water source for local wildlife habitat and migration
admissions waterways, including new ventures development of dams and other water-based
infrastructure (maintenance time).
Activities to prevent erosion and sedimentation can do is:
(1) Do not cultivating their land on
steep slopes. When the slope is more
than 40% then it is not allowed at all
to planting annuals. While farming in
the area that slopes between 15-25%
is done by making terasterlebih
advance.
(2) In order to prevent sedimentation of
the river, then at various locations in
the region created a building cycle
trap mud, in the form of trenches
parallel to contour clogged with
variations the length, width and depth of the trench. These trenches are periodically
cleaned in order can serve as a trap mud, especially in the rainy season.
(3) prevent intensive land use on land that is in above an altitude of more than 1000 m
above sea level.
(4) prevents land use that have a value higher than the erosion erosion
allowed.
References :

 Gleick, P.H., ed. (1993). Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Freshwater Resources. Oxford
University Press. p. 13, Table 2.1 "Water reserves on the earth".
 Water Vapor in the Climate System, Special Report, [AGU], December 1995 (linked 4/2007).
Vital Water UNEP. Archived 8 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
 "MDG Report 2008" (PDF). Retrieved 25 July 2010.
 "Public Services", Gapminder video
 Helmle, Samuel F., "Water Conservation Planning: Developing a Strategic Plan for Socially
Acceptable Demand Control Programs" (2005). Applied Research Projects. Texas State
University. Paper 2
 https://uwityangyoyo.wordpress.com/
 faperta.ilearn.unand.ac.id/
 https://www.google.co.id/search?q=kondisi+air+saat+ini+di+dunia+yang+semakin+t
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