MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

Experiment 2: Elemental Analysis by Sodium Fusion

10% KF (Potassium fluoride)

Hazard
§ Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]
§ Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]
§ Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

Handling
§ Heat-ignition: KEEP SUBSTANCE AWAY FROM heat sources.
§ Prohibitions on mixed storage: KEEP SUBSTANCE AWAY FROM strong acids.
§ Storage area: Store in a dry area. Keep container in a well-ventilated place. Keep locked up.
May be stored under inert gas. Meet the legal requirements.
§ Special rules on packaging: closing. watertight. dry. clean. correctly labelled.
§ Packaging materials: steel. aluminium. synthetic material. polyethylene. paper. AVOID: glass.
stoneware/porcelain.
§ For containment: Contain released substance, pump into suitable containers. Plug the leak,
cut off the supply. Dam up the solid spill. Knock down/dilute dust cloud with water spray. If
reacting: dilute toxic gas/vapour with water spray. Take account of toxic/corrosive precipitation
water.
§ Methods for cleaning up: Stop dust cloud by covering with sand/earth or powdered limestone.
Scoop solid spill into closing containers. Carefully collect the spill/leftovers. Clean
contaminated surfaces with an excess of water.

First Aid Measures:

§ Personal Protective Equipment: Protective Clothing, Gloves, Goggles, Face Mask
§ EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes
with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a
hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's
eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after
flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
§ SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all
contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If
symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be
prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.
§ INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If
symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat,
or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever
possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a
level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.
§ INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give
1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison
control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the
victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's
airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT
INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
5% FeCl3 (Iron (III) chloride)
Hazard
§ TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin
contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive
and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and
cause pollution.

Handling
§ Storage: Solution of ferric chloride should be stored in polyethylene bottles and should be
protected from exposure to light and heat. ...If solutions ...become cloudy, they should be
discarded. Solution stored in glass bottles must be refrigerated. Solution stored in glass bottles
may reach alkali from glass and the rubber stoppers, forming yellow precipitate of ferric oxide.

Safety Measures
§ Personal Protective Equipment: Protective Clothing, Gloves, Goggles, Face Mask
§ Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to
protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give
artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim
ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask
equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and
shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for
at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep
victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance
may be delayed.

0.1 M AgNO3 (Silver nitrate)

Hazard
§ Concentrated solutions will produce irritation, ulceration, and discoloration of the skin; also
causes severe irritation of the eyes. Ingestion will produce violent abdominal pain and other
gastroenteric symptoms.

Handling
§ Non-fire spill response: Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective
clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers. SMALL
DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely;
move containers from spill area. SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like
vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.
LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Following product recovery,
flush area with water.
§ Storage: Separated from combustible substances and reducing agents. Keep in the dark. Well
closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire
extinguishing. Protect from light and store in inert, collapsible containers or in other suitable
single-dose containers at 15-30 deg C; freezing of the ophthalmic solution should be avoided
and the solution should not be used when cold.

Safety Measures
§ Personal Protective Equipment: Protective Clothing, Gloves, Goggles, Face Mask
§ Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to
protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give
artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim
 ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask
equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and
shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for
at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep
victim calm and warm.

denatured alcohol
Hazard
§ Inhalation Acute Exposure Effects: Vapor harmful. May cause dizziness, headache, watering
of eyes, irritation of respiratory tract, irritation to the eyes, drowsiness, nausea, other central
nervous system effects, spotted or blurry vision, dilation of pupils, and convulsions.
§ Skin Contact Acute Exposure Effects: May cause irritation, drying of skin, redness, and
dermatitis. May cause symptoms listed under inhalation. May be absorbed through damaged
skin. Eye Contact Acute Exposure Effects: May cause irritation. Ingestion Acute Exposure
Effects: Poison. Cannot be made non-poisonous. May be fatal or cause blindness. May
produce fluid in the lungs and pulmonary edema. May cause dizziness, headache, nausea,
drowsiness, loss of coordination, stupor, reddening of face and or neck, liver, kidney and heart
damage, coma, and death. May produce symptoms listed under inhalation. Chronic Exposure
Effects: May cause symptoms listed under inhalation, dizziness, fatigue, tremors, permanent
central nervous system changes, blindness, pancreatic damage, and death.

Handling
§ Read carefully all cautions and directions on product label before use. Since empty container
retains residue, follow all label warnings even after container is empty. Dispose of empty
container according to all regulations. Do not reuse this container. Do not use this product
near any source of heat or open flame, furnace areas, pilot lights, stoves, etc. Do not use in
small enclosed spaces, such as basements and bathrooms where vapors can accumulate.
Vapors can accumulate and explode if ignited. Do not use this product if the work area is not
well ventilated. Use only with adequate ventilation to prevent build up of vapors. Do not spread
this product over large surface areas because fire and health safety risks will increase
dramatically. Use proper bonding and grounding when transferring material. Be aware of static
electricity generation when handling material.
§ Storage: Keep container tightly closed when not in use. Store in a cool, dry place. Do not store
near any source of heat or open flame, furnace areas, pilot lights, stoves, etc.

Safety Measures
§ Personal Protective Equipment: Protective Clothing, Gloves, Goggles, Face Mask
§ Skin: Immediately begin washing the skin thoroughly with large amounts of water and mild
soap, if available, while removing contaminated clothing. Seek medical attention if irritation
persists.
§ Eyes: Immediately begin to flush eyes with water, remove any contact lens. Continue to flush
the eyes for at least 15 minutes, then seek immediate medical attention.
§ Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is
difficult, give oxygen. Get immediate medical attention.
§ Ingestion: If swallowed, do NOT induce vomiting. Seek immediate medical attention. Call a
physician, hospital emergency room, or poison control center immediately. Never give
anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

FeSO4 Crystals (Ferrous sulfate)

Hazard
§ Harmful if swallowed
§ Causes skin irritation
 § Causes serious eye irritation

Handling
§ Avoid dispersal of dust in the air. Wash hands after handling.
§ Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothes. Dry powders can build static electricity charges
when subjected to the friction of transfer and mixing operations. Follow good hygiene
procedures when handling chemical materials. Do not drink, smoke, or use personal products
when handling chemical substances. Use only in well ventilated areas.
§ Storage: Provide ventilation for containers. Avoid storage near extreme heat, ignition sources
or open flame. Store away from food and oxidizing agents. Store in cool, dry conditions in well-
sealed containers. Store with like hazards.

Safety Measures
§ Personal Protective Equipment: Protective Clothing, Gloves, Goggles, Face Mask
§ After inhalation: Move exposed individual to fresh air. Loosen clothing as necessary and
position individual in a comfortable position. Seek medical advice if discomfort or irritation
persists. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
§ After skin contact: Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while
removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Wash affected area
with soap and water. Rinse/flush exposed skin gently using water for 15-20 minutes. Seek
medical advice if discomfort or irritation persists.
§ After eye contact: Protect unexposed eye. Rinse/flush exposed eye(s) gently using water for
15-20 minutes. Remove contact lens(es) if able to do so during rinsing. Seek medical attention
or advice.
§ After swallowing; Rinse mouth thoroughly. Do not induce vomiting. Have exposed individual
drink sips of water. Seek medical attention if irritation, discomfort or vomiting persists.

hexane
Hazard
§ INHALATION causes irritation of respiratory tract, cough, mild depression, cardiac
arrhythmias. ASPIRATION causes severe lung irritation, coughing, pulmonary edema;
excitement followed by depression. INGESTION causes nausea, vomiting, swelling of
abdomen, headache, depression.

Handling
§ Non-fire Spill Response: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames
in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not
touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into
waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to
reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and
transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE
SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may
not prevent ignition in closed spaces.
§ Storage: Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Well closed.

Safety Measures
§ Personal Protective Equipment: Protective Clothing, Gloves, Goggles, Face Mask
§ EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes
with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a
hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's
 eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after
flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
§ SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all
contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If
symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be
prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.
§ INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If
symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat,
or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever
possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a
level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.
§ INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being
aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the
victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to
a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure
that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the
body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

6 M H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid)

Hazard
§ Corrosive to all body tissues. Inhalation of vapor may cause serious lung damage. Contact
with eyes may result in total loss of vision. Skin contact may produce severe necrosis. Fatal
amount for adult: between 1 teaspoonful and one-half ounce of the concentrated chemical.
Even a few drops may be fatal if the acid gains access to the trachea. Chronic exposure may
cause tracheobronchitis, stomatitis, conjunctivitis, and gastritis. Gastric perforation and
peritonitis may occur and may be followed by circulatory collapse. Circulatory shock is often
the immediate cause of death. Those with chronic respiratory, gastrointestinal, or nervous
diseases and any eye and skin diseases are at greater risk.

Handling
§ ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and
emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.
Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
§ Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.
§ Storage: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are
opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

Safety Measures
§ Personal Protective Equipment: Protective Clothing, Gloves, Goggles, Face Mask
§ Caution: Sulfuric acid is extremely corrosive. Caution is advised. Signs and Symptoms of
Acute Sulfuric Acid Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute ingestion of sulfuric acid may be
severe and include salivation, intense thirst, difficulty in swallowing, pain, and shock. Oral,
esophageal, and stomach burns are common. Vomitus generally has a coffee-ground
appearance. The potential for circulatory collapse is high following ingestion of sulfuric acid.
Acute inhalation exposure may result in sneezing, hoarseness, choking, laryngitis, dyspnea
(shortness of breath), respiratory tract irritation, and chest pain. Bleeding of nose and gums,
ulceration of the nasal and oral mucosa, pulmonary edema, chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia
may also occur. If the eyes have come in contact with sulfuric acid, irritation, pain, swelling,
corneal erosion, and blindness may result. Dermal exposure may result in severe burns, pain,
and dermatitis (red, inflamed skin).
2 M NH3 (Ammonia)
Hazard
§ TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Vapors are extremely
irritating and corrosive. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury
and/or frostbite. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire
control may cause pollution.

Handling
§ Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources
of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.
§ Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source
emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the
contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method
to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation
moves the contaminant away from the worker.
§ Storage: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Contents under
pressure.

Safety Measures
§ Personal Protective Equipment: Protective Clothing, Gloves, Goggles, Face Mask
§ Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to
protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give
artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim
ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask
equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and
shoes. In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. In case of
contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20
minutes. In case of contact with Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous (UN1052), flush with large
amounts of water. For skin contact, if calcium gluconate gel is available, rinse 5 minutes, then
apply gel. Otherwise, continue rinsing until medical treatment is available. For eyes, flush
with water or a saline solution for 15 minutes. Keep victim calm and warm. Keep victim under
observation. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.

p-chloroaniline
Hazard
§ Inhalation or ingestion causes bluish tint to fingernails, lips, and ears indicative of cyanosis;
headache, drowsiness, and nausea, followed by unconsciousness. Liquid can be absorbed
through skin and cause similar symptoms. Contact with eyes causes irritation.

Handling
§ Non-fire Spill Response: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames
in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing
appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into
waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent
spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer
to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
§ Storage: Separated from strong oxidants and food

Safety Measures
§ Personal Protective Equipment: Protective Clothing, Gloves, Goggles, Face Mask
 § EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes
with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a
hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's
eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after
flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
§ SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all
contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If
symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be
prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.
§ INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If
symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat,
or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever
possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a
level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.
§ INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give
1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison
control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the
victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's
airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT
INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

sulfanilic acid
Hazard
§ SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the skin, eyes
and mucous membranes.
§ ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is a local irritant. It may evolve toxic fumes on
contact with acids or if heated to decomposition.

Handling
§ SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill
material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use
absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your
contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual
disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the
contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the
area has been properly cleaned.
§ STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures
and away from mineral acids and bases.

Safety Measures
§ Personal Protective Equipment: Protective Clothing, Gloves, Goggles, Face Mask
§ EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes
with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a
hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's
eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after
flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
§ SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all
contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If
symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be
prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.
§ INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If
symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat,
or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.
 Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever
possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a
level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.
§ INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give
1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison
control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the
victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's
airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT
INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

chlorobenzene
Hazard
§ Irritating to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Repeated exposure of skin may cause
dermatitis due to defatting action. Chronic inhalation of vapors or mist may result in damage to
lungs, liver, and kidneys. Acute vapor exposures can cause symptoms ranging from coughing
to transient anesthesia and central nervous system depression.

Handling
§ Non-fire Spill Response: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames
in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not
touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into
waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to
reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and
transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE
SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may
not prevent ignition in closed spaces.
§ Storage: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are
opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

Safety Measures
§ Personal Protective Equipment: Protective Clothing, Gloves, Goggles, Face Mask
§ EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes
with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a
hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's
eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after
flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
§ SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all
contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness
or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after
washing the affected areas.
§ INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no
symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat,
or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown
atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be
used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under
Protective Clothing.
§ INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give
1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison
control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the
victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's
airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT
INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
 § OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a
physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential
recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend
upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level,
length of exposure, and the route of exposure.

2% aqueous Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] (Sodium nitroprusside)

Hazard
§ Toxic if swallowed

Handling
§ Precautions for safe handling: Wash hands and other exposed areas with mild soap and water
before eating, drinking or smoking and when leaving work. Provide good ventilation in process
area to prevent formation of vapor.
§ Hygiene measures: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Wash exposed skin
thoroughly after handling.
§ Storage conditions: Keep only in the original container in a cool, well ventilated
§ Place away from: Ignition sources, Heat sources, incompatible materials. Keep container
closed when not in use.
§ Incompatible products: Strong oxidizers. Strong bases. Strong acids.
§ Incompatible materials: Sources of ignition. Direct sunlight.
§ Storage area: Keep locked up. Store in a cool area. Store in a well-ventilated place.

Safety Measures
§ Personal Protective Equipment: Protective Clothing, Gloves, Goggles, Face Mask
§ First-aid measures general: Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If you
feel unwell, seek medical advice (show the label where possible).
§ First-aid measures after inhalation: Allow victim to breathe fresh air. Allow the victim to rest.
§ First-aid measures after skin contact: Remove affected clothing and wash all exposed skin
area with mild soap and water, followed by warm water rinse.
§ First-aid measures after eye contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water. Obtain medical
attention if pain, blinking or redness persists.
§ First-aid measures after ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Obtain emergency
medical attention. Immediately call a poison center or doctor/physician.

2 M HNO3 (Nitric acid)

Hazard
§ TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may
cause severe injury, burns or death. Reaction with water or moist air may release toxic,
corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase
the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

Handling
§ Non-fire Spill Response: LIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames
in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not
touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce
vapors. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. Use water spray to reduce vapors or
divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry
into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth,
DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading
or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely
covered plastic containers for later disposal.
 § Storage: Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents, bases, organic chemicals
and food and feedstuffs. Cool. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store only in original
container.

Safety Measures
§ Personal Protective Equipment: Protective Clothing, Gloves, Goggles, Face Mask
§ Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts
of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.
Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
§ Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If
this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin
with water. Get medical attention promptly.
§ Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to
fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the
affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
§ Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

SOURCE:
National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. (accessed on Sept. 15, 2019)