*There were real heroes in the Philippine American War Civil Governor Taft July 1901-January 1904 3 Independences

3 Independences in the Philippines:

- William H. Taft started Civil Government in PI 1. Sigaw ng Pugad Lawin August 1896
AMERICAN OCCUPATION OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
1901 – 1903 William Howard Taft 2. Declaration in Secret June 12, 1898
February 4, 1899 BEGINNING OF WAR 1904 – 1906 Luke Edward Wright 3. End of Philippine American War July 4, 1902
 May pamahalaan na ang America sa Pinas 1906 – 1907 Henry Clay Ide
1907 – 1908 James Francis Smith  President Theodore Roosevelt takes over in 1901
U.S. Military Government in PI 1907 – 1908 Newton W. Gilbert (Acting) after McKinley assassination
*All are member of Rough Rider (Original commanders 1908 – 1913 William Cameron Forbes  July 4, 1902 END OF PHILIPPINE AMERICAN WAR
of the US Army who massacred almost all North 1913 – 1921 Francis Burton Harrison
American Indians in the US) 1921 – 1921 Charles Yeater (Acting) THE AMERICAN OCCUPATION AND THE PHILIPPINE
1921 – 1927 Leonard Wood COMMONWEALTH
1. Gen. Wesley Merritt (Mock Battle) August 14-28,1898 1927 – 1928 Eugene Allen Gilmore (Acting)
- First military governor in the Philippines 1929 – 1932 Dwight F. Davis THE PHILIPPINE BILL OF 1902 – to temporarily provide
- Intersection of rule in the Philippines 1932 – 1938 Theodore Roosevelt Jr. for the administration of the affairs of civil government
- June 12, 1898 Revolutionary Military 1933 – 1935 Frank Murphy in the Philippine Islands and for other purposes.
Government
- Spanish Rule Civilian Rule July 30, 1907 FIRST NATIONAL ELECTIONS
- Organization of towns and provinces
2. Gen. Elwell Otis August 28, 1898-May 5, 1900 October 16, 1907 FIRST PHILIPPINE ASSEMBLY
- Introduction of public-school system
(Legislative Body)
Enculturation “AMERICANIZATION”
3. Gen. Arthur McArthur April 1900-March 1901
- First real elections
- Father of Douglas McArthur Public School System - 1st participation to a REAL Political process
1. Manila Trade School (1901) - Sergio Osmeña as the Speaker of the
*Alam ng Amerikano na mahuhuli na si Myong kaya Why is it called trade school? Because this is the Assembly
mabilis lang natapos ang pamahalaan ng Amerikano. period of rebuilding. (Masonry, Economics, - Manuel L. Quezon as the MAJORITY LEADER
Ganon sila kagaling. We don’t need the Military Vocational Courses) - Vicente Singson as the MINORITY LEADER
Government anymore, we will capture Emilio
Aguinaldo already on March 23. 2. Philippine Normal School (1905) Jones Law (August 29, 1916)
3. University of the Philippines (1908) “Philippine Autonomy Act”
Civilian Rule
- PI may be given independence when Filipino-
- March 2, 1901 – Military Government was
*Everyone was good in speaking in English run government is ready
abolished
*That was the concentration of the American in the - Introduction of the Bicameral system
- 1902 – Taft negotiated with Pope Leo XIII, to
past.
purchase lands owned by the Roman Catholic
*The Americans embraced public school system in the Bicameral System: 2 houses of Congress
Church
Philippines. 1 Upper House (Senate)
*We are led to Americanization noon, kasi we were 2 Lower House (House of Representatives)
CIVILIAN VS. MILITARY
Americanized. Everything was in English.
Kapag hindi militar Miyembro ng opisyal AFP
Tydings-McDuffie Law May 1, 1934
Millard E. Tydings, John McDuffie
“Philippine Independence Act” PERSONALITIES AND DATES Inauguration of the Republic of the Philippines
- Provided for Philippine Independence General Masaharu Homma (December 20, 1941) October 13, 1943
- 10-year period of transition into independence - Commander of the Invasion force to the Jose P. Laurel, President
Philippines: landed in Pangasinan - Lawyer, Batangueno, Matapang
The Commonwealth - Supreme Court Justice and President of the
 Experimental system of government; elements of Director General Yoshihide Hayashi (January 2, 1942) Philippine Republic Under the Japanese
democracy is tested: independent government
- Japanese Military Administration set up in - Puppet President or Hostage President?
follows:
Manila
o Election
Jose Vargas Executive Secretary of the
o Freedom of Expression
Douglas McArthur (March 17, 1942) Commonwealth Government and Mayor of Greater
o Rights
- He issued “I SHALL RETURN” promise to the Manila Area
The Commonwealth Presidential Nominees people of PI
1. General Elections, September 19, 1935 THE PHILIPPINES UNDER JAPAN
Manuel L. Quezon, Emilio Aguinaldo, Gregorio Manuel L. Quezon (December 26) JAPANESE PROPAGANDA
Aglipay - His family and commonwealth evacuate to JAPANIZATION OF THE ISLANDS
Corregidor.
2. Inaugurated on November 15, 1935 - March 25: Flown to Australia to U.S. Organizations: The Japanese Period
Manuel L. Quezon took oath as President.
1. Kempeitai – Military Police
General Jonathan Wainright
2. Kalibapi – Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa
- Commander of the Fil-Am troops
World War II Axis Process Bansang Pilipinas
Hitler Germany Nazi 3. Makapili – Makabayang Katipunan ng mga
General Edward King
Pilipino
Missolini Italia Fascist - Commander of American forces in Bataan
 Collaborators and traitors
Hirohito Japan Imperial  Responsible for countless deaths
The Fall of Bataan (Araw ng Kagitingan) April 9, 1942
4. Hukbalahap – Hukbong Bayan laban sa mga
Hapon
THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS UNDER THE EMPIRE OF THE SUN The Death March from Mariveles, Bataan to
 Guerilla Groups
THE GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERTIY SPHERE Pampanga to Capas, Tarlac (Camp O’ Donnel)
 Totally Anti-Japanese
April 10 – 15, 1942
 Guerilla Units – Small independent but
 Supreme Commander of United States Armed
organized groups of fighting men and
Forces in the Far East GEN. DOUGLAS MCARTHUR The Fall of Corregidor; Fall of the Philippines
women
 Hawaii – Pearl Harbor: Bombed by Japanese May 6, 1942
Life Under the Japanese ULTIMATUM TO JAPAN: UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER
- Miserable and Tensed
- Destruction was everywhere August 6, 1945 The Enola Gay dropped ‘Little Boy’ on
- Offices closed down Hiroshima City
- Widespread hopelessness
- Economy was practically dead August 9, 1945 The Bockscar drops ‘Fat Man’ on
- Many remained hopeful Nagasaki
- Hanged on to the promise of Americans
August 15, 1945 Japan formally surrenders on board
America fulfills her promise the USS Masonry
The Road to Liberation (in Europe)
August 17, 1945 Pres. Jose Laurel dissolved the
May 8, 1944 – The Surrender of Berlin “V-E Day” End of Japanese-sponsored PH Republic
War in Europe
September 2, 1945 Japanese in PI surrender
September 21, 1944 – U.S. Begins Assault on Japanese
controlled areas in PI.

Quezon died of Tubercolosis in October 1, 1944

October 20, 1944 The Landing of Leyte

- The Greatest Simultaneous attack in the history
of warfare against the Japanese.

February 3, 1945 The Liberation of Manila Begins

February 16, 1945 Recaptured Bataan

February 26, 1945 Recaptured Corregidor

February 3 – March 3, 1945 Battle of Manila

July 4, 1945 Liberation of Philippines is Declared

July 26, 1945 The Postdam Conference (U.S., U.K.,

RUSSIA)