Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Apparel Internship Orient Craft
Apparel Internship Orient Craft
@
Orient Craft Limited
Knits Division
Gurgaon
Presented
by: Baabul
Singh
Nitish Kohli
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We take this opportunity to express our
gratitude to the people who have been
instrumental in the successful completion of this
internship
We would like to thank
Mr. L. P. Luthra – Production Manager
Mr. Jahangir Pathan – General Manager
Mr. Saikat Pramanik (Faculty Mentor)
and all our faculty members for guiding us through
this internship
CONTENTS
Dry Cleaning
Company Profile
Finishing & Packaging
Introduction
Logistics
Financials
PPC
Infrastructure IE
Organization Chart Quality Assurance
Process Flow of the company Machine Details
Department Study Floor Plan
Merchandising Project
Sampling Implementation of Kaizen
Fabric and Trims Store Improvement of Sewing
Spreading & Cutting Floor Productivity
CAD Learning Outcome
Sewing
Washing
COMPANY PROFILE
INTRODUCTION
Set up in 1978, Orient Craft Limited has
consistently been one of India's top
garment manufacture and export
organizations
The company has three shareholders
Mr. Sudhir Dhingra (Chairman and Managing
Director),
Mr. K.K. Kohli and
Mr. Anoop Thatai
PRODUCT MIX
Blouses
Skirts
Pants
Shorts
Dresses
Jackets
Outerwear
Men’s shirts
Kids wear
Knitted shirts/tshirts
Ropers
CLIENTS
Armani Exchange
Marc Jacob
Dillard’s
Ann Taylor
Tommy Hilfiger
Banana Republic
GAP
Next Retail Ltd.
Old Navy
Ralph Lauren
Marks & Spencer
Macy’s
FINANCIALS
Turnover
USD 105 million for 20022003
USD 118 million for 20042005
USD 165 million for 20052006 (Rs. 742 crores)
Other Financials
Last year’s profit was $8 million (40 crores), despite more competitive pricing.
Breakdown of Sales Revenue
Production
Production
Finishing
Manager
Packing
Production
Compliance
Quality Quality
Assurance Auditors
Joint Managing Manager
Director &
CEO Personnel
Administration
Welfare
Maintenance
General
Manager
Security
House Keeping
Social
Compliance
Electric
PROCESS FLOW
Interaction
Pre- Size Set
with Buyer Placing of Prototype
Production Sample
Order Approval
Meeting Approval
Fabric
Marker Raw Material Acquisition of
Spreading Washing /
Making Inspection Raw Material
Relaxation
Shipment Packing
DEPARTMENT STUDY
MERCHANDISING
The merchandisers are segregated according to the brands
They form the relation and negotiation between the company and
its buyers and suppliers
Merchandisers are divided according to the different brands
Merchandisers follow up the style and the order until they have
been received by the buyers
PROCESS FLOW OF THE DEPARTMENT
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iitt ttoo
ppaacckk Calculation of cost
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and fabric
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Design sampling
Fabric sourcing
Accessories sourcing
Quality check
Report maintenance
shipping
SAMPLING
The sampling department is just a small portion
of the production floor.
It only has sewing machines.
The other activities such as cutting and
finishing are done in their respective
departments.
High priority is given to sampling.
DEPARTMENTAL STRUCTURE
Sampling
Manager
Supervisor
Tailors
Embroiders
WORKING PROCEDURE
Getting clarifications about style details from
merchandiser.
Getting PPA from Buyer through Merchandiser.
Checking pattern’s workability.
Preparation of different samples and getting the buyer’s
approval.
Informing quality related problems, encountered during
preparing samples, to QC.
Revising the specification of the buyer.
Minimizing operations and consumption.
Innovation of new methods.
TYPES OF SAMPLES PREPARED
SAMPLES PREPARED
SIZE
PROTO SAMPLE FIT SAMPLE SALES SAMPLE PP SAMPLE
SET
AMPL
SE
FABRIC & TRIMS STORE
All the raw materials are ordered and purchased
by the department.
Issuing of raw materials to various department is
done by the stores department.
Buyer either specifies the vendors or
the company sources it from vendors
like :
Mafat Lal
Nahar textiles
WORK FLOW OF THE DEPARTMENT
REQUISITION OF
MATERIAL
ACQUISITION OF
MATERIAL
STORE MANAGER
FABRIC TRIM
SUPERVISOR SUPERVISOR
HELPER HELPER
SPREADING & CUTTING
Spreading & Cutting is considered to be the
most important part of the garment
manufacturing unit.
It was located on the second floor of the building.
It was divided into 3 sections:
Spreading & Cutting 1 – Ground Floor
Spreading & Cutting 2 – First Floor
Bundling & Ticketing
SPREADING & CUTTING
All the labor was hired on contract basis.
There were two contractors, each handling one
of the Spreading & Cutting sections.
The no. plies depended on the GSM of the fabric.
They never calculated the no. of plies
beforehand, they only measured the height of the
lay.
Lay height – 2 to 2.5 inches
Tolerance in cutting varied from style to style
and also buyer to buyer.
PROCESS FLOW
•CPL is followed
•Fabric is cut in lengths = Lay length + 5%
•Since it is tubular, the fabric is cut open
•The fabric is left overnight for relaxation
•If it needs to be washed, then sent for washing
•The fabric is then spread manually by 6 – 8 workers
•If the fabric has been washed, then it is left for an hour for relaxation after
spreading
•Otherwise, lay is covered with paper and left for 24 hours for relaxation
•Finally, cutting is done using straight knife
•For small parts, usually of that of kids’ wear, band knife is used.
BUNDLING & TICKETING
The Bundling and Ticketing section had company
employees.
Ticketing was done using ticketing guns.
Bundling takes place manually, every bundle
had a tag which contains the entire description of
the garment.
CAD DEPARTMENT
This department is divided into 2 sections:
Pattern Making Section:
This section is involved in making patterns for the different
garments.
The pattern making section is in the head office of the
company.
Most of the patterns are made manually and then plotted
and graded.
Marker Making Section:
This section receives patterns from the pattern
making section and then the marker is prepared.
The marker efficiency varies from 70% to 85%.
DEPARTMENTAL STRUCTURE
GRADING
CAD MASTER MASTERS
MARKER
MAKERS
HEAD
PATTERN
MASTER
MANUAL HELPER
PATTERN
MASTER
PLOTTER
SEWING DEPARTMENT
The unit had 2 sewing floors
Ground Floor – 6 sewing lines
First Floor – 7 sewing lines
Each line consisted of 25 to 30
machines, depending on the style.
Each line was set according to the line plan of the
running plan
The average capacity of each line was 800 pieces
per day
PROCESS FLOW
ASSEMBLY OF PARTS
INSPECTION
SEWING DEPARTMENT
All the labor were employed through a contractor
on piece rate basis
The production manager only supervised
the contractor’s working
WASHING DEPARTMENT
There were 5 kinds of washing being done:
Fabric Wash
Garment Wash
Softener Wash
Silicon Softener Wash
Bio Wash
WASHING
Fabric Wash:
Only cold water washing is done
The fabric is then tumble dried.
Garment Wash:
This is usually done using detergent.
It is then followed by two cold water washes and
tumble drying.
Softener Wash:
Cationic softener is used in this kind of washing.
Softener is introduced after normal washing.
WASHING
Silicon Softener Wash:
If softener wash fails to give the desired feel, silicon
softener is used.
Silicon softener is used only for colored garments.
BioWash:
Biopolis enzyme is used for this kind of washing.
It is used to remove pilling from the fabric surface.
DRY CLEANING
The dry cleaning department was a very small
part of the company with only 3 machines.
The basic purpose for which dry cleaning was
being used in the company was for the removal
of oil stains.
Though sometimes, dry cleaning was also
done on buyer’s requirements.
FINISHING & PACKAGING
It is the last stage of making a garment
Buyer specifications are strictly followed
This department is located on both the
sewing floors
PROCESS FLOW
BATCH RECEIVED FROM WASHING TRIMMING IS DONE MIDDLE CHECKING
Production Planning and Control
Industrial Engineering
PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
The main functions of the PPC department are:
Making a calendar of production by booking
the capacity as per order quantity.
Keeping a track on the per day production
to check if it is meeting the targets or not.
They make reports of every day production of
each line.
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
It is concerned with design, improvement
and installation of integrated system of
people, material, equipment and energy.
They do time and work study for
maximum utilization of the resources.
Develops the line plan.
Identifies the problem areas and corrects them.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
The main objective of the department is to maintain the
quality of the product.
To check that the Buyer requirements and specifications
are followed properly.
Check points:
Stores
Cutting
Bundling and Ticketing
Sewing
Washing
Finishing
Final Audit
PROCESS FLOW
PPM HAPPENS AND QUALITY DETAILS
QA DEPTGIVEN
DEVELOPS SPEC SHEET FOR EACH OPERATION
IDENTIFIES THE CHECK POINTS
KAIZEN means “continuous improvement” or
"continual improvement"
involving EVERYBODY in the organization from
the managers down to the workers (or every
level of employee)
KAIZEN VS. INNOVATION
The gradual approach kaizen
The great leap approach innovation
Innovation is dramatic, a real attentiongetter
Kaizen, on the other hand, is often un
dramatic and subtle, and its results are seldom
immediately visible
Kaizen is a continuous process.
Innovation is generally a oneshot phenomenon
GEMBA KAIZEN (COMMONSENSE LOW COST
APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT)
Gemba = Workplace
A process of continuously
Going to the workplace (where
problem/abnormality is)
Identifying the problem and it's root causes
Reducing and
eliminating muda (waste), mura (inconsistency)
and muri (strain)
Solving the problem or improving the situation
FIVE PRINCIPLES OF GEMBA KAIZEN
When a problem/abnormality/opportunity occurs,
go to gemba (the workplace) first
Check with gembutsu like machines, equipment,
tools, jigs, fixtures or rejects etc
Take immediate or even temporary
counter measures on the spot
Find out the root cause and remove the
root cause of the abnormality
Implement the solution and standardize
to prevent further trouble/recurrence
KAIZEN SYSTEM IN PRACTICE (THE
FORMAT)
It is continuous improvement in all aspects of life
It has total employee involvement (TEI) at
its base
Suggestions are given to supervisor/manager
and not dropped in a suggestion box (as in
conventional suggestion scheme)
Kaizen emphasizes on implementation
KAIZEN SYSTEM IN PRACTICE (THE
FORMAT)
Every employee takes part and gives suggestions
Kaizen suggestions are evaluated quickly
Suggestions can be departmental as well as
inter departmental
Kaizen improves the dignity of the employees
KAIZEN IMPLEMENTATION – STEP I
(PLANNING)
The Kaizen planning phase seeks to Define,
Measure and Analyze the process that will be
the Kaizen focus. There are three levels of
Kaizen planning.
Highlevel
Midlevel
Eventlevel
KAIZEN IMPLEMENTATION – STEP I
(PLANNING)
Event planning includes:
Kaizen team member selection
Kaizen charter approval
Location preparation (including equipment,
materials, etc.)
Data needs identification and preparation
STEP I OUTCOME
Kaizen team formed comprising of 7
members lead by the Production Manager
(Mr. L. P. Luthra) himself.
Kaizen charter was verbally approved.
Focus was decided to be the sewing floor
(specifically line 5 & 6 on the first floor) for
the first trial.
All the data regarding the running style (style
# 20426), machinery on lines and workforce
was collected.
KAIZEN IMPLEMENTATION – STEP II
(IMPLEMENT)
Train members of the Kaizen team on the Lean
principles that they will be applying
Review the VSM, and perform
additional measurements and analyses,
if needed
Facilitate an ideation/brainstorming processes
to identify improvement options
Implement improvements by “breaking apart”
the process and putting it back together
without the waste
KAIZEN IMPLEMENTATION – STEP II
(IMPLEMENT)
Prepare an action plan with a list of activities
required to complete the Kaizen process
Verify the alignment of the selected
improvements with the future state
VSM
Identify expected measurable improvements
Obtain participant feedback
Report Kaizen results to Champions
and celebrate success
STEP II OUTCOME
Members of the Kaizen team were taught about
the basic lean principles
Line supervisors made aware of the
lean initiative
Brainstorming conducted of
probable improvements
Suggestions demanded from Kaizen
team members as well as the line
supervisors
KAIZEN IMPLEMENTATION – STEP III
(FOLLOWUP)
Followingup to ensure that action items are
successfully completed
Working with Lean Champions to
breakdown obstacles
Measuring the actual results of the Kaizen
to document and quantify benefits
Establishing process control to ensure the
ability to consistently obtain improved
performance
STEP III OUTCOME
REDUCTION OF TRANSPORTATION WASTE
Finishing Section
** New = New table introduced in the line
Time Saved = 5 minutes per 50 pieces
SAVING BOBBIN REWINDING TIME
Bobbin winding time = 35 seconds (approx.)
Bobbin changeover time = 25 seconds (approx.)
Total – 1 minute
Change = Issue of two bobbins
New bobbin winding & changeover time =
25 seconds (approx.)
KAIZEN IMPLEMENTATION – STEP IV
(EVALUATE)
A lean enterprise is a learning organization
that recognizes Kaizen as a continuous process
of improvement through:
Identifying improvements to the Kaizen
implementation process
Encouraging employees to identify further
improvement opportunities
Establishing a schedule to reevaluate the VSM and
start a new Kaizen improvement cycle
STEP IV OUTCOME
The workers were identified as the next possible
group of people who needed to be educated
about continuous improvement, as they can give
suggestions like no one else.
Though we were to leave the Kaizen team,
the team members were encouraged to keep
the process alive; & they intended to.
The Kaizen team was scheduled to meet every
Monday morning and consider various
improvement strategies, & implement them
(if any) in the following week.
IMPROVEMENT OF SEWING FLOOR
PRODUCTIVITY
{Contractor system – The greatest obstacle & the
cause of inability to quantify benefits}
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the project was to increase the
sewing floor productivity.
Style # 970920 was a ladies’ top with an
order quantity of 5176 pieces.
The line was introduced with about 240 pieces
on 6th June, 2011.
However, the first output from the line came
on 11th June, which is about six days after the
introduction of first input in the line.
The line failed to give any output before that.
As per the estimated average output per day,
the order should have been completed within a
maximum of 7 days, which is by 12th June, 2011.
Unfortunately, even on 20th of June, 2011, the
total output of the line was only 4025 pieces,
before we finally forfeited on the line.
The order that should have been completed
within a week failed to finish even on the
15th day.
SCENARIO…
Style # 85683 had an order quantity of 37550
pieces.
Day 1 -
Day 2 -
Day 3 -
Day 4 -
Day 5 -
Day 6 298
Day 7 464
Day 8 502
Total 1264
AT WORK…
The workers, working on line 1 were asked to
follow the timings strictly on 16th July 2011.
All of them were informed that their presence
is mandatory on Monday & Tuesday (18th19th
July).
The line had been rearranged on Sunday,
which had been previously working according
to the contractor’s demands.
With just three changes, the output of the next
day was 706 pieces, totalling the line’s output
to 1970 pieces.
Changes –
Punctuality
“Presenteeism”
Line Rearrangement
By 18th July, out of 7598 pieces, approximately
7000 pieces were introduced in the line.
The output was still pending because of the
built in WIP.
On 18th evening the line was yet again
rearranged; this time in order to reduce the
WIP.
Multiple machines were appointed at
bottlenecks and places where WIP had been
stacked up.
On 19th, the workers sat according to new line,
against their (& the contractor’s) will, of
course, as it was only meant for a day.
The day’s output skyrocketed to 862
pieces (target being 800).
Our point was well proven.
Note: The line returned back to its normal lack
lustrous form the next day.
LEARNING EXPERIENCE
LEARNING OUTCOME…
The eight weeks of training in the apparel
industry ensured a practical orientation
towards the understanding of
the industry,
the infrastructure,
set up, and
functioning of the company
We were introduced to the concept of
contractor system & how lethal can it be for a
garment exporter
This module geared us to undertake
future responsibilities
THANK YOU…