Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • TÓM TẮT ĐIỆN QUANG PDF

    Uploaded by

    dangquanghuy
    17 views9 pages

    Original Title

    TÓM-TẮT-ĐIỆN-QUANG.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    17 views9 pages

    TÓM TẮT ĐIỆN QUANG PDF

    Uploaded by

    dangquanghuy

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    of 9
    ‘CHUGNG 21: BIEN TRUONG TINH 1. Binh ludt Coulomb: + nghia: Xd dinh lwe tong tdc tinh dién gitta hai dién tich diém ding yén trong méi truéng chén khéng. + BSc diém: * phurong: tring véi duréng théng n6i 2 dién tich. © Chiéu: Ciing déu déy nhau, tréi déu hit nhau. 1 |aa . lon: | F=——_—_"*" open: P= PM hoge Trong a6: rlé khoding cach gitta 2 dién tich diém. +Bigu thire: 1 4a te, + Chi ¥ Lyc tong téc gitta hai dién tich diém tuan theo dinh luat Ill Newton (la 2 ly tryc déi 2) hoac | Fi, a 2. ign truréeng. 1 ii nie : +DN: [6 méi truéng vit chét tin tai xung quanh méi dién tich. réc dung lc lén cdc dién tich khdc dat +Yinghia: truyén turong tc dign tir. b. Vecto dién truréng tai mét diém: +Y nghia: dc trung cho dién truéng tai mét diém vé phuong dién téc dung luc. +Bigu thirc: (N/C hoac V/m) h + Dinh nghia: Vecto dién truéng tai mét diém trong dién trudng béng duc téc dung len mét don vi dién tich thir dat tai diém do. +Dign truding déu: £ nh nhau toi moi diém. Vidy: E giita 2 ban kim logi cua ty dién. © Biém dat:Tai diém xét. © phurong: tring voi du’éng thing néi dién tich va diém xét. * Chibu: huréng ra tir dign tich dvong, vao dién tich ém. ©2616: re, 7 (r khodng cach tir dign tich aén aiém xét) d. Lue téc dung lén dign tich dat trong dién Mot dign tich bat ky dat trong dién tru’ng sé chiu téc dung eta lye: |F’= gE}. +Néug>othi FIT E +Néuq0 hoa =0). © Détu ciia dién théng phu thudc vao chiéu dwong ta chon. Yéi mat kin, ludn chon hwéna cia Alt Auéng ra ngodi, 2. Dinh luat Gauss: + NOi dung: Dién théng todn phiin giti qua mét mat kin bat ky bing £6na dai sé céc_dién tich nam {ong mat kin dé chia cho &, + Biéu thire: + ¥nghia: © DL. Gauss ld ste thay thé BL Coulomb © Khing dinh dién truréng tinh la triréng béo toan (truréng thé). + Chay: © Dign trwémg trong biéu thite trén la dién truxéng téng céng do tat cé cdc dién tich gay ra. * Néu téng dai s6 cdc din tich trong mit kin bing khéng thi dién théng qua mat kin bang khong. © Ging dung cia d/1 Gauss: Ung dung trong ccic bai todn cé tinh A6i xteng cao, + Xée dinh dién trurdng khi biét phan bé dién tich. + Xéedinh sw phn bé dign tich khi bit dién tredng. 3 .D6 lon dién trong mot sé vathinh dang dic biét Phan bé dién tich Diém trong dién truong Dé lén dign truong Dign tich diém q don le Khoang cach rt q Dién tich qtrén be mat qua cau vat din ban kinh R Ben ngoai mat cau, r>R Bén trong mat cau, r< R Day vo han, dién tich trén mot don vj dign dai Khoang cach r tiv day Vat dan hinh tra v6 han c6 ban kinh R, dign tich trém mét don vi dign dai 2 Ben ngoaihinh tra, r>R Bén trong hinh tru, rR Qua chu Fin cach dign ban kin R, dién téch Q da phan bé ddng déu trén khap thé tich. Bén ngoai mat cau, r>R Bén trong mat cau, re R Tam tich dign v6 han voi dién tich phan bé du trén mot don vidién tich Ia o Bat kidiém nao Hai tam kim Toaitich dién trai dau voi mat dd dign mitla+ o va-o Bat ki dim nio gifa hai tim phing 4 Digntich tren vat dan. © Bémtrong vat dan cin bing tinh dién vecto dién tru’ng bing kh6ng tai moi diém ( phan bé trén b mit ciia vat din Néu vat din c6 18 héng (hinh b), DT khéng phan bé trén bé mat 18 ‘© Néu dign tich q duge dura vao 16 hdng thi trén b® mat 16 h6ng c6 dién Sng. LThé ning trong dién trudng: + Cong ctia lec dign trong su dich chuyén dtd qo trong aién trong cia dign tich diém q tir vi tra dén vj trib = (11 efi + Cong cia Ive dign tradng khéng phy thudc vdo dang dduromg di, ma chi phy thuéc wao vi tei diém dit diém cudi, + Céng cita luc dién trudng trong sy dich chuyén tich thir qo theo mét duéng cong kin bing 0. + Luc tinh dign 1a 1 luc bdo todn, Do dé cong cila dién trudng dugc biéu dién qua dé gim thé nang: W...=U,-U, +The zu tia hé hai dign tich diém: W, n my Te z as. (r la khoang cach tirq én qo) chags # ThE nang dién tru’ng U phy thudc vao méc tinh thé ning # V6i he dién tich diém Unsetai v6 cue. *# Céng dich chuyén dtd q trong £déu [W = Eqd] (418 hinh chidu cia quang duéng theo phrong ctia hi thay s6 phai thay ca dau cia q va déu cia d) ‘Thé nding ciia q trong dién trudng abu £[U = Egy| + ThE ning ciia qo trong dign trudng cia hé dién tich = 5h ere diém: +Th6 ning toan phn cia hé dign tich diém: a4) Ate 1 fy hii $: hé dign tich méc thé ning tai v6 ewe, + Thé niing ctia qo trong dién trung bat ki: U, =W, 2.Dién thé V (Don vila Von) + DN: Dign thé la thé ning trén mot don vi dign tich. +BT: Ve =f eal + YNVL: Bidn thé 1a dai lwong v6 huéng dc trung cho dién trwdng vé phwong dién dy trir nang lueng. v-14| + Dign thé tai 1 diém do 1 dtd gay ra: ae, 1| Chik fe VIN T dai long v6 hudngs mang gid tr dai s6(c6 thé <0, >0 hoc =0). Dau ctia dién thé phu thude vao dau cliag, + Dign thé tai mot diém a bat ki trong dign trong: Ua Mame te _ Teal % % : +Nguyém ly ching chat dign thé: # Dign thé tai 1 diém do 1 hé dtd gay ra: St “ieee! + Dign thé do 1 phan bé dign tich lién tue gay ra: (4p dung cho vat tich dién 6 kfch thuréc hiru han) Jar [a + Chive + Equon hudng tir noi c6 Vow dén noi C6 Vine «Dat (tha mhe) (Vo=0) qu>0 vao dién trudmg n6 sé chuyén déng tir noi c6 Wan dén not c6 Vinsp. Bat (tha nhe) (v=0) qo<0 vao dign trudng, n6 sé ed tir not c6 En n0% C6 Ver. kia, +Br: |, ™) +YNVL: dc trung cho kha ning sinh cOng cita lye dién giita 2 diém trong dién trudng 4. Mat dng thé: Dign thé tai moi diém bang (nh) nhaw Chi ys Vat ddn li 1 vat dang thé Bac diém: + Cac mat dang thé khéng ct nhau, -£ véi moi diém trén bé mat vatdang thé, ‘Cong khi dich chuyén dign tich diém tir diém nay dén ddim kia trén cing mat ding thé = 0 S.Mah Evavi ely-y= fei (ADcho vat tich dign c6 kich thuéc v6 han) + Néu chon V, = 0 (gc thé) thi Dé lon £ Vecto dign trudng trong truéng xuyén tam: HUONG 27: TY TRUONG 1, Tirtinh: = Twrong tac ti 18 twomg tée gitra: nam cham -nam cham, nam cham - dong dién, dong dign ~ dong dién. # Tirtinh: Cae vat c6 kha nang tuong téc tira cae vat 6 tirtinh, # Ban chat cia tir tinh: e6 Wén quan dén cde dign tich chuyén dong. # Gye tir: 6 2 eye tir 8 eye nam va eye bac ludn tn tai thanh cap 2. Tirtruiyng va vecto tir trong: «Tir trudng: + DN: La mot dang vat chat die biét tin tai xung quanh, dign tich chuyén dng, dong dién, nam cham, + T/chit: Tac dung luc tir én bat ki dign tich chuyén dong, nam cham hode dong ign tich nao dt trong né. + Nguidn gc: Do cic hat mang dign chuyén dng gay ra. © Vecto tir trwing B: +¥nghia VL: Dac trumg cho tir truvg tai mot diém ve phuong dign tac dung lec +Don vi: Tesla (T). 3. Lrctir tie dung lén dién tich chuvén dong (uc tir Lorentz) « Biéu thite: |F, = qv x BI + Dc diém: + Dim dit: Dat tai dign tich g. +Phuong: | mp(¥, B) +Chiéu: Xéc dinh theo quy tc nm ban tay phai (hodc_quy tic ban tay tris Bat ban tay tréi sao cho B xuyén qua long ban tay; chiéu tir cé tay dén ngén tay chi chibu ciia ¥; ngéin tay céi choai ra 90° chi chiéu ctia lve Lorentz néu q>0, vd chi ngwoc chigu cia lye Lorentz néu q<0) +B6lén: |F, =|q|vBsing| trong d6 ¢ 1a géchop bei (¥, B). + Fmin=0 @sing=00¥0//B + Fymax=|q\vB esing=90 oVLB + Hat mang dign ch/d qua mot ving c6 cd E va B F =q(E+vxB) 4. Chuyén dong cita din tich trong tit trong © Céng ciia hrc Lorentz tac dung lén dién tich q chuyén <46ng trong tir trurdng bang 0: |W, = 0 * ign tich q chuyén déng trong tir trudng c6 tc do Khong a6i. © THI: V1LB: + Quy dao cita q la dwong tron, Larc tir Lorentz dng vai | 101 Iu huréng tm, my +Bankinh q/dao:|p-™| + Chuki {a8 saben v _\alB +Téedo e6e:lo=*=9°) stan s Room © TH2: ¥ khong vudng g6cB- Qay dao cita hat mang dién la dwing xoan 6c. 5. © Dong dién thang trong tir trwong déu, © Biéu thire: [F = II xB] Trong dé T la vecto hudng doc theo dng dién, ¢6 49 lén 18 chidu dai doan day, + Dacdiém: + Diém dat: Luc tir t/dung lén moi phan tir cla day dan, nhung cédiém dat cia hop lye t/dung tai trung diém cia day. +Phwong: | mp (i, B). + Chigu: Xéc dinh theo quy tac nim ban tay phai (hoc quy tic ban tay trai: Dt ban tay erdi sao cho B xuyén qua lng bin tay; chidu ti o6 tay dn ngdn tay cht chiéu ctia dong dién; ngén tay cdi chodi ra 90° chi chiéw cia luc tir Ampe) +D0l6n: [F = IBsing _(N)] © Dong dign c6 hinh dang bat ki dgt trong tir trang. f aF= f taxB 6. Durong site tirva tir thong, + DN: LA nhing dudng ma tigp tuyén voi n6 tai mdi diém tring v6i vecto tir truvg tai diém 46, 4+ T/chit: * Qua bat ki diém nao ciing vé duoc dwng sitc ti. + Céc dudng sire tir khéng ct nhau, *+ During sie ti 8 cdc durdmg cong kin, vo mam ra bic. ~ Tirtrréng la mét trong xody + Quy wéc: DO mau, thua cilia durdng sire tir thé hién d6 manh_ yu cia tir tra, + Tir trirng d@u: Cac durdng site tir song song va cach déu hau 3.Tirthéng ¢, (Dv: Wb) + DN: Tir chong la chang lirgng ting cfg cia tr truimg qua mot mat. (C6 gi tri t# Ié v6i s6 durdg stéc tir xuyén qua méit 6) ¢ lagéchop bai (7, B). + THA:Mp A, tir trerong du: + TH2: THTQ: Mat A dat trong mot tir trudmg ngodi bat ki Ia = J dd, = [ BAA= J BaAcos¢ = [ B.dAl ov wy w® Pa + Dinh lugt Gauss cho tir trudng: ‘+ NOi dung: Tir théng téng cong qua mot mat kin bat kiluén bang khong. + iGurnie: [= 9 Ba sur in o| + Ynghia:Noi lén tinh chat xody cia tir trudg, Chi ¥: +9, max khi mat A dat L véi cic duimg site tit, +4 min khi mat A dat // w6i cde dwong site tir CHUONG 28: NGUON CUA TU TRUONG 1. Tirtrurdng cita mét dign tich chuyén déng., qchuyén déng véi vin we ¥ khong abi. axe + BT: hose My =47.107 Tan/ A, F 18 vecto vi tri hudng tir @ (diém ngudn) dén digm xét P (diém truime); + Bac diém: + Diém d3t: tai digém trudng P + Phurong: Vudng géc voi mat phing (¥,7) + Chiu: quy tée nam ban tay pha pe Ho lalvsing 4x + DOlén: (@ g6c gitra (V1) Bi, =O sing=090//F Diém trudmg P nim trén phrong cia ¥ thi B=0 2. Tit tiring cla 1 phan ti dong dién (Dinh Iuat Biot-savar) Tir trwéng AB do phiin ti déng dién Idi gay ra: My Mdix + BT: hotel ant F la vecto vi tri huréng tir Id dén diém xét P. + Bac diém: + Diém dit: tai digi xét P + Phuromg: Vudng g6c vbi mst phing (Idi. jay tic ndm ban tay phai. (¢ g6c git (14i,r)) lal //¢ igm P nam trén phuong cita dong dién thi B=0. f Bi + Tir trudng gay boi 1 dong dign: |B +Nguyén ly chong chat B : Tir trurong do nhiéu dong dign gay ra tai mot diém: B= 2B 3. ‘Tirtrudng cita 1 day dan thang: + Digm dye: tai P. + Phuong: vudng géc vai mat phing chifa day din va x. + Chiu: theo quy téc nam tay phai. + DOlon: p= 401 (cose =u) (quy tac cong vecto theo hinh binh hanh)- + Dong dign dai v6 han: 4. Tit tring ciia 1dong dign tron tai tam: ‘Diém dat: ti tm eva wong day. + Phuong: 1 véi m/phing vong diy * Chiéu: theo quy tae nim tay phai + Bolen: ali bin Kin. +N@w e6 N vong day tron BG 1én vecto tir trwéng tai tam vong day:| B= nat a va F, 1a 2 hue tre déi + Hot nhau néw ts va k cing chiGu, dy nhau néu ngwoe chidu + Laret/d lén 1 don vi chiéu dai cia ding dign £212) (rla khodng céch gitta 2 dong dién) +ND:Tich phén cita vecto tir trwéng doc theo mét during cong kin (C) bat ki bing tich s6ctia pt, va t6ng dai sé cia tat cd.cic dong dién xuyén qua phiin dién tich giéi han bét dong cong kin a6. BT: la= ZI , la téng di it ci dong dign xuyén qua phan dign tich gidi han boi dong cong kin (C). +¥nghia: Thé hién tinh chit xody cia tir trudng, + Tir trong cita mot Solenoit (éng day): B=,,nl nna mat d6 vong day (s6 ving day trén 1 dom vi chiéu dai, So-sinh dién tring tinh va tir turing khong di Dién trwong tinh Tir truéng khong doi | 0 Bal = pa oa | § BaA= 2 BaA=0 | sa & we ‘Trurdng tinh dién 1a truréng | Tir tring c6 t/chat xody bao toan Cac duéng strc tir 1a cdc Cie during site dign 1a céc | duréng cong kin duwéng cong hor CHU'ONG 29: CAM ONG DIEN TU “LHign trong cam ing din tie: ‘ Néu d6 lén cla ticthéng dang gidm thi tt trerdmg cdim DN: hién turgng xudit hién sudt dién déng cém ting trong tg cling chiéu véi tir trudng géc. ‘mach day dén khi c6 su bién d6i tir théng qua mach do. ‘+ AD quy tae nam ban tay phai xd chigu cla Iw hoac Hode: 1a hién trong xudt hién dong dién cém sing trong SBBCU. mach day dan kin khé cé sw bién d6i tir thong qua mach dé, +Whitng céch dé thay d6i tir thong: © Tirtruong B thay déi theo thai gian, * Géegitta B va A thay déi theo thai gian. ‘+ Olén dign tich A thay 46i theo thdi gian, 2.Dinhluat Faraday, +.ND: sudt dién dong cam ting trong mach bang vé dé lon nhwng luén trdi déu v6i t6c d6 thay déi cia tir thong qua mach 46. , +Bt “ rx |(V)i a, Nvoma day: |¢=—-N 8 = Noy Dau _trir trong biéu thire lién quan dén chiéu cia sudt dign dng cim trng va ley xudt hign trong mach. + Suat dién déng trung binh: snd ald pe See Ds 4.Sdd chuyén dong. + Khi thanh kim loai chuyén 6ng trong tir trwéng thi gitta hai dau thanh xudt hién mot higu dign thé: V,, = vBL + Khi 1 dogn day hay 1 mach chuyén dong trong tir truréng, -xudt hién sudt dign déng goi ld sudt dién déng chuyén d6ng. TH: L,¥,B vudng géc v6i nhau ting doi mgt: Sdd.chuvén dong: [= vBL THTONG QUAT: Mach kin c6 chu vi C: (FB) al Trong a6 di 18 vi phan chidu dai ctia mach hode day din S.pién trong cam ting, Dign trirong tinh Dign trong cim ting -w Ads Ar ++Curdng d6 dong dién cim tng trong mach kin: i 3 Nevang day: AL (trong 46 R La dign trétoan mach) Dat ban tay phai sao cho ngén_tay ci chi chidu stia_ 4, cde ngén tay con lai lon quanh vecto A. Néu £>0 thi chi’u cla sudt dign dong cam ting cling chiéu lwon ciia cic ngn tay, néu <0 thi chiéu cia sudt dién dong cim img ngwec_chiéu Iwon_ctia cdc ngén tay. 3.Dinhluat Lenz +.ND: Déng dién cém ting (lex Je6 chiéu sao cho tir tréng md n6 sinh ra ludn c6 téic dung chdng lai nguyén nhdn sinh rand. ae oak = + Néu 46 1én tir théng dang tang thi tir trrong cam ting ngwrac chidu voi tir truéng gic. Vi du xde dinh chibu cia sudt dign dong cém tng khi tie trudag dang tang: 1h moi trudng vat chat tn ‘tai xung quanh céc dién Tir_trudng_bién_thién theo thoi gian giy ra dign tich ding yén truvbng cim dg Edi -0 § Edt = 4 5 = " “ dt Bi tr tinh ke siete ean | Bign truomg cim ing Khong bao toan, Dudng sie di¢n trwdng ‘cam ting 1a cae durdmg cong ‘kin. ‘Tinh chat: téc dung Iwe ign cm ting len dign tich dat trong né: F,=q6,, Duong sie dign trwdng ‘tinh [a céc durdng cong he. “Tinh chat: téc dung le ‘tinh dién len dign tich dat + DN: Jd hién trong cém tig dién tir xdy ra trong mot ‘mach dign kin do chinh ser bién thién ding dién trong mach 6 gay ra. ai + Sudt din dong tw-cim: | dt ‘Trong d6 L la dé ty cam: p= Ne (H) i + Nang hong tir trong: ‘GHUGNG36: GIAO THIOA = NHIEUXA ANHLSANG 1. Giao thoa én sing: +.DN; Giao thoa anh sing ld hién twong giao nhau cia hai hay nhitu _chitm séing két hop (go thanh nhimg ving séing tot xen ké Idn nhau. cic chm sing €6 cing tim 56 va cb dp Mfc ‘pha king At theo tht gtan. 2. Nhiduxa dma sing, EDN 1a hign twong tia sang Iéch Khdi pheong truyén thdng khi gp imép vit cd va ec khe no c6 kich thud c@ jam. + Ban chai La surgiao thoa cia vb sé nguén séing két hop. “+ YN ThE hign tinh chit séng cia inh sing “+ Nhléu xa Eresnel: Ngudn sing va man quan sit & kha gin khe, cic tia sing Rothe eng song song (phn ki). +.Nhidu xa Fraunhofer: Ngudn sang va man quan sat & rat xa khe chan, cic tia sing toi khe coi nhur song song véi nhau. Ghiis. Hign wong nhigu xq xay ra vGi moi loai some. “Suvhidurxa.qua mothe + Géc mhiéu xa O : géc lech gidta tia t6i va tia nhieu xa. + Cac tia sing khéng bj léch khdi dwéng truyén: @ = 0 ta thu duge cue dai trang tim: [sin =O] + Cie ta sing bj ch ki dung troy thing v6t cing mp be 00: Ding ede mat song S),.Soyu. chia he thanh cic dai m6i mat séng cich nhau 2/2 (Higu dudng di cia 4/sing tir2 dailiéntigp 8b 2/2 , a Ieeh pha i 1k Jain dinh sing tir 2 di len tip beige eu eho nha + Dé tgo thinh eye ti6u NX: chia khe ‘thanh s6 chain cic dai sin 0 = m2 BE tao thinh eye dat nbd xa: (m=41, £2..) ia khe thinh s8 leche da 2m+)2| 2a isin 0 (meZ, #0, + -1) +6 rong mdi dai (wetinn ve): fy 2.sind| ssoauz fy 8-280 @ L_b__a_} + Van trung tim 6 a wong Ge gip adi cic van sing khic va chim 859% nang lweng cia sing jc + Vi tri cwe tiéu va cure dai nhidu xa: y= f tan] + 86 vin Wi (66 ewe iu nhidu xq): =i Néu a tang thi s6 van quan sat dugc ting len Chis + Diu kign quan sit due nhidu xg a> 2 (49 rng ke phi ln hon burée sng én sing). + Néu chu inh_sing don sie; trén man quan sit thu duo ede hé van sing t6i nm xen ke vik nhau, Néu chigw mh sng tréng thi ta chin iia hu vac Sing tein (chbag chit cia Ge nh singe don Se), 2 ‘én thu duoc cée phd anh sin big thién li tue tir a6 én tim (vim nv trung tim hon) nim xen Ké cic vn ti BB rong cia phd bac m= ere dai Bie m teng vor a/s db ere del bac sm tng visi o/s tim. 4.Cich tirana + BN: 1d mith chang cc Bie hep son song von, e6 ci d9 rong hodingcdich iva 2 ke lien tpl (4 doe gol hing 36 ich ti, Néu nl s6 khe trén mot dom vi chit dai 2 Uignurong: + Nhiéuwwemdikhe + Giao thoa gita cic khe vbi nhau. + Ce théu chinh (eye tiéu trong nhiéu xq) ino (m=41,+2..) + Cyre dal chinh (cye dai trong giao thoa): ‘ine? fk =0,21,42.9, hi Gra hat cect chink c6 nhieu cure di chinh. + S0 van toi (36 eure tiGu) (gidng nhieu xa) l

    You might also like