The Intergovernmental Panel on Forests

and
The Intergovernmental Forum on Forests

Summary of
Proposals for Action

A tool to assist countries to measure progress

and establish priorities for
sustainable forest management
© Commonwealth of Australia 2000

ISBN 0 642 45570 8

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Contents

Preface............................................................................. 1

The Intergovernmental Panel on Forests..............1

The Intergovernmental Forum on Forests............1

Implementation of the IPF/IFF Proposals

for Action..............................................................1

Summary of the IPF and IFF Proposals for Action.............1

Implementation of international forest-

related decisions within countries........................1

International cooperation in financial

assistance and technology transfer......................1

Trade and environment in relation to forest

products and services...........................................1

Forest-related work of international

organizations and multilateral institutions
and instruments....................................................1

5
Preface
The United Nations Commission on Sustainable
Development (CSD) has facilitated extensive
deliberations on the actions that are required to
promote the management, conservation and sustainable
development of all types of forests by initially
establishing the Intergovernmental Panel on Forests
(IPF) and then the Intergovernmental Forum (IFF) on
Forests. The IPF and the IFF have examined a wide
range of forest-related topics over a five year period and
have recommended more than 270 proposals for action
to be adopted by the international community.

Although the IPF/IFF proposals for action are of a non-

legally binding nature, participants of these processes
are under a political obligation to implement the agreed
proposals for action. Each country is expected to
conduct a systematic national assessment of the IPF/IFF
proposals for action and to plan for their
implementation.

The United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) will be

the permanent intergovernmental body responsible for
overseeing the implementation of the IPF/IFF proposals
for action as well as enhancing cooperation and
maintaining forest policy dialogue. The UNFF has to
develop a plan of action for the implementation of the
proposals for action and then support and monitor
progress with the implementation of this work.

To facilitate the implementation of the IPF/IFF

proposals for action by countries and the international
community, Australia has prepared a comprehensive,
integrated summary of the proposals for action. It builds
on the work undertaken by Australia in 1998 to
summarize the IPF proposals for action. It aims to
improve the understanding of the intent of the IPF/IFF
proposals for action by simplifying the wording and
grouping related proposals for action. The summary
could be used by countries to assist with national

7
 assessments of the implementation of the IPF/IFF
proposals for action.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Forests

The Intergovernmental Panel on Forests (IPF) met four

times during the period 1995–1997. It was mandated to
pursue consensus and formulate options for further
actions in order to combat deforestation, and forest
degradation and to promote the management,
conservation and sustainable development of all types
of forests. The IPF’s final report 1 contained more than
150 proposals for action, covering the five elements of
its work program:

1. Implementation of the United Nations Conference on

Environment and Development (UNCED) decisions
related to forests at the national and international
levels;

2. International cooperation in financial assistance and

technology transfer;

3. Scientific research, forest assessment, and

development of criteria and indicators for
sustainable forest management;

4. Trade and environment in relation to forest products

and services;

5. International organizations and multilateral

institutions, and instruments, including appropriate
legal mechanisms.

1
Report of the Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Panel on Forests, March
1997 (E/CN.17/1997/12)

8
The Intergovernmental Forum on Forests

The Intergovernmental Forum on Forests (IFF) met four

times during the period 1997–2000. It was mandated to
facilitate implementation of the IPF proposals for action
and to further the policy dialogue on a number of issues
that were left pending from the IPF process. The IFF’s
final report2 contained more than 120 additional
proposals for action, covering the three categories and
eight elements of its work program.

Category I

(a) Promoting and facilitating the implementation of the

IPF’s proposals for action.

(b) Reviewing, monitoring and reporting on progress in

the management, conservation and sustainable
development of all types of forests.

Category II (included matters left pending from IPF)

(a) The need for financial resources.

(b) Trade and environment.

(c) Transfer of environmentally sustainable technology.

(d) Issues needing further clarification including:

underlying causes of deforestation; traditional forest-
related knowledge; forest conservation and
protected areas; forest research; valuation of forest
goods and services; economic instruments, tax
policies and land tenure; future supply and demand
for wood and non-wood products; and assessment,
monitoring and rehabilitation of forest cover in
environmentally critical areas.

(e) Forest-related work of international and regional

organizations.
2
Report of the Intergovernmental Forum on Forests, March 2000
(E/CN.17/2000/14)

9
 Category III related to future international arrangements
and mechanisms for forests.

Implementation of the IPF/IFF Proposals for

Action

The IPF/IFF proposals for action represent significant

progress and consensus at the international level on
how to move towards sustainable forest management.
There is also widespread agreement that the key need
now is to move from policy dialogue to action.

The proposals for action are directed at many players,

but particularly at countries and international forest-
related organizations and institutions. Within individual
countries, the implementation of the proposals for
action would be undertaken by national and sub
national governments as well as a range of relevant
stakeholders. In particular, stakeholders such as the
private sector, forest and land owners, local
communities, indigenous and forest dependent people,
civil society, non government organizations, research,
education and aid organizations would all have roles to
play.

Greater progress with implementation of the proposals

for action is likely to be achieved if all of the
stakeholders have a common understanding of what
needs to be done and there is an appropriate
coordination mechanism in place to foster cooperative
partnerships. This summary of the IPF/IFF proposals for
action could assist the stakeholders to develop a
common view on the priorities for implementation
within each country.

Rationale for the Summary

The IPF and IFF proposals for action often involve

lengthy negotiated text. They contain numerous
overlaps and inter-linkages and they vary considerably

10
in nature and content from basic principles and
guidelines to detailed specific recommendations.

The summary has been prepared using the following

principles:

 capture the important aspects or intent of each

proposal for action;

 group similar or related actions into the one

“summarized proposal for action”;

 separate large complex actions into meaningful

components;

 avoid duplication of any action unless the action is

directed at different parties;

 incorporate some IPF and IFF program headings and

actions into other related thematic headings;

 incorporate all related thematic headings into one of

four major categories: implementation within
countries; international cooperation; trade and
environment; and work of international
organizations;

 group all related summarized proposals for actions

under the most relevant heading.

This summary of the IPF/IFF proposals for action is

intended to provide a guide to the implementation of the
detailed IPF and IFF proposals for action. It is not
intended to replace the detailed negotiated text. For this
reason, the following tables are presented in a manner
whereby each summarized proposal for action is cross
referenced to the relevant paragraphs of the IPF and
IFF reports that contain the full text of the agreed
proposals for action. In this summary the words
sustainable forest management mean the management,
conservation and sustainable development of all types
of forest.

11
12
Implementation of international forest-related S
decisions within countries u
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 S National Forest Programs IPF IFF
u
m 1 Develop and implement a holistic 17a
national forest program which 58b(i)
m
integrates the conservation and
a sustainable use of forest
r resources and values in a way
y that is consistent with national,
sub-national and local policies and
o strategies.
f
2 Assess, develop and implement an 115a
appropriate combination of 115b
t legislation, economic instruments 115c
h and tax policies for promoting
e sustainable forest management.

I 3 Develop and implement 29c 64c

appropriate policies and 64d
P
mechanisms to secure land 115d
F tenure, recognize access to and
use of forest resources by local
a and/or indigenous communities in
n order to support sustainable
d forest management.
4 Develop and implement codes of 69a
I
conduct to encourage private 128c
F sector activities consistent with
F sustainable forest management.

P 5 Improve cooperation, 17b 19b

r coordination and partnerships in 17f 64b
support of sustainable forest 17h 66
o
management within a national 17i 140a
p forest program, by involving 40e
o relevant stakeholders including
s indigenous people, forest owners,
a women and local communities in
l forest decision making and
s utilizing appropriate expertise in
international and regional
f organizations.
o
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6 Monitor, evaluate and report on 17a 17d S
implementation progress of a 17d 19a u
national forest program, 89a m
incorporating the use of criteria 115a m
and indicators to assess trends in a
the state of the forests and r
progress towards sustainable
y
forest management.

o
f
Implementation of IPF and IFF
Proposals for Action IPF IFF t
1 Conduct a systematic national 9d
h
assessment of the IPF and IFF e
proposals for action involving all
stakeholders and plan for their I
implementation within a national P
forest program. F
2 Establish a coordinated, 144 9b
integrated and participatory 9e a
approach to the implementation 9f n
of the IPF/IFF proposals for d
action and the forest-related work
of other international I
instruments. F
3 Report on the assessment and 17c
F
implementation of the IPF/IFF
proposals for action. P
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 S Forest Information and Awareness IPF IFF
u
m 1 Prepare national information on 89b 17a
sustainable forest management, 121a
m
including forest resource 121b
a assessments and forest statistics
r on wood and non-wood forest
y products and services.

o 2 Improve the collection of 104a 107a

quantitative data on values of all 107c
f
forest goods and services and
environmental and social impacts
t of changes in forest use to assist
h policy and investment decisions.
e
3 Improve data collection and 28a 121a
I information dissemination on the 131a 121c
supply and demand of wood and 121d
P
non-wood products including the
F prices of these products and their
substitutes.
a
n 4 Establish improved mechanisms 30a 17b
d to consult stakeholders on the 78a 18
identification of the full range of 78b 122d
forest goods and services and to 58b(ii)
I
make forest-related information 89h
F and progress reports widely
F available to policy makers and
relevant stakeholders.
P
r 5 Create awareness of the 30a 64e
importance of issues related to 142a
o
deforestation and forest
p degradation and the multiple
o values of forests.
s
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Underlying Causes of Deforestation S
and Forest Degradation IPF IFF u
m
1 Study and analyze historical and 27a 64a
m
underlying causes of 27b 122c
deforestation and forest 27c a
degradation, including the r
impacts of transboundary y
pollution, poverty, fuelwood
collection and processes outside o
the forest sector. f
2 Develop and implement 29a 115c
integrated national policies, 29b 115g t
strategies, economic instruments h
and mechanisms for supporting e
sustainable forest management
and addressing deforestation and I
forest degradation. P
3 Enhance the role of plantations as 28b 64g F
a mechanism for reducing
deforestation and forest a
degradation of natural forests. n
d

I
Future Supply and Demand of Forest
F
Products IPF IFF
F
1 Implement public and private 28a 122a
sector policies and programs to 122b P
meet increasing demands for 122c r
wood and non-wood products and 122d o
services, including fuelwood and p
wood energy, from sustainably
o
managed forests.
s
2 Analyze the full life cycle costs 41c a
and benefits, including 41d l
environmental impacts, of forest 41e s
products and their substitutes as 64h
a basis for reviewing policies that 121e f
affect their relative prices and for 122f
o
developing incentives to support
sustainable forest management r
and combat deforestation and
forest degradation. A
c
t
i
o
17 n
 S
u
m Protected Areas and Forest IPF IFF
m Conservation
a
1 Develop and implement 46c 85a
r appropriate planning and 85b
y management strategies for the
representative protection and
o conservation of the full range of
f forest values on an ecosystem
basis within and outside
t protected areas.
h 2 Develop and implement 84
e partnership mechanisms to 85b
engage forest owners, private 85c
I sector, indigenous people and 85d
P local communities in the planning
F and management of forest
conservation areas.
a 3 Develop and implement 85f
n innovative mechanisms and 90
d improved coordination of donor
activity for effectively financing,
I encouraging and implementing
F integrated cross-sectoral policies
F to support forest conservation.
4 Develop and implement 85e
P methodologies and criteria to 88
r assess the adequacy, consistency, 89
o condition and effectiveness of
p protected areas and their
o management.
s 5 Establish joint protected areas 86
a and guidelines for collaborative
l management of ecologically
s important or unique
transboundary forests.
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Forests in Environmentally Critical IPF IFF S
Areas u
m
1 Analyze past experiences and 46b
m
monitor trends in dryland forests,
including biophysical, social, a
economic and institutional r
factors. y
2 Undertake integrated and 46a o
coordinated actions to address 46f
f
dryland forest issues at the
international, national and local
levels. t
h
3 Develop and support partnerships 46d e
which include indigenous and 46e
local communities and I
management approaches,
P
including those that embody
traditional lifestyles, to reduce F
pressures on dryland forests and
promote their sustainable a
management and regeneration. n
d
4 Encourage cooperation and 129a
coordination of activities
I
concerning forests and trees in
environmentally critical areas, F
including systematic data F
collection and analysis.
P
5 Give high priority in national 129b r
forest programs to the
o
rehabilitation and sustainable
management of forests and trees
p
in environmentally critical areas. o
s
6 Raise awareness and disseminate 129a a
data on the ecological, social, 129d l
cultural and economic s
contributions of planted and
natural forests in the
rehabilitation and sustainable f
management of forests in o
environmentally critical areas. r

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 S Impact of Airborne Pollution on Forests IPF IFF
u
m 1 Develop national assessment and 50c
monitoring methods, extend 50d
m
regional programs for monitoring 27c
a impacts of air pollution and
r provide factual information about
y transboundary air pollution.

o 2 Adopt a preventative approach to 50a

the reduction of damaging air
f
pollution.
t
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Forest Research and Development IPF IFF S
u
1 Identify and prioritise 94a 96a m
interdisciplinary forest research
m
needs at the national and
eco-regional levels. a
r
2 Strengthen forest research by 96a y
formulating national policies,
programs and strategies and by o
coordinating the implementation
f
of research programs.
3 Mobilize resources, foster public 94a 96b t
and private sector joint ventures, 94d 97b h
build capacity and strengthen 97d e
research institutions, networks
and consortia to extend forest I
research at the local, national and
P
international levels.
F
4 Further develop and enhance 94a 97c
widespread access to forest a
research and information systems n
making best use of existing d
mechanisms and networks.
5 Improve the linkages between 58b(vii) 96c I
forest science and forest policy F
processes. F
6 Involve relevant interested 17e 96d
parties in the extension, planning, 94d
P
implementation, monitoring and r
evaluation of forest research and o
ensure appropriate prior consents p
are obtained for research o
programs. s
a
7 Further develop, field test and 40l 17d
promote the use of criteria and 50d l
indicators for sustainable forest 115a s
management, including 115b
appropriate criteria and 115d f
indicators for traditional forest- o
related knowledge and air r
pollution, and support efforts to
harmonize associated concepts A
and definitions. c
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 S Forest Research and Development IPF IFF
u
m 8 Extend research into forest 89c 107b
inventory and monitoring 104c 107c
m
techniques, as well as the
a development of efficient methods
r for the valuation of all forest
y goods and services, and for the
identification of costs and benefits
o of sustainable forest
f management.
9 Explore ways to establish full cost 134a
t internalization of wood products 134b
h and non-wood substitutes, as well
e as externalities, and share
information on findings and
I implementation.
P
1 Promote research into the 40k
F 0 rehabilitation and extension of 46g
dryland forests as well as into
a traditional forest-related
n knowledge with the full
d involvement of indigenous
peoples and local communities.
I
1 Develop and adapt technologies, 132c
F 1 including traditional forest-
F related knowledge, for increasing
sustainable utilization of lesser
P used species.
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Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge IPF IFF S
u
1 Collaborate with and enhance the 40a 75 m
capacity of indigenous people to 40g
m
identify, map and promote the 40j
understanding and application of 40n a
traditional forest-related r
knowledge at the local, national y
and international levels.
o
2 Develop and implement national 40c 74d
f
legislation and policies, including 40d
the application of intellectual 40p
property rights, to respect, 40b t
maintain, protect and apply h
traditional forest-related e
knowledge.
I
3 Develop and implement policies 40f 56j
P
and mechanisms to support 40h 64c
traditional resource use systems 40I 66 F
and ensure equitable sharing of 40r 74b
forest-related benefits, including 40c 122d a
use of forest genetic resources, n
with local communities and d
indigenous people and document
successful approaches. I
4 Assist networks that promote 40l F
sharing of traditional forest- 40m F
related knowledge and include
traditional forest-related P
knowledge in forest management r
training programs. o
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 S Requirements of Countries with Low
u Forest Cover IPF IFF
m
1 Analyze and take into account the 58b(iv) 41h
m
related social, economic and
a environmental implications, costs
r and benefits of non-wood
y substitutes and imports of forest
products.
o
2 Take positive action towards 58b(ii) 30b
f
reforestation, afforestation and 58b(iii) 129c
conservation, using native species 58b(v)
t where appropriate, including 58c
h regeneration of degraded forests,
e management of plantations and
trees outside forests and the
I expansion of protected areas.
P
3 Establish and manage plantations 58b(ii)
F to enhance production of forest
goods and services, taking into
a account relevant social, cultural,
n economic and environmental
d considerations in the selection of
species, areas and silviculture
I systems.
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International cooperation in financial assistance S
and technology transfer u
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 S Provision of Financial Resources to
u Developing Countries and Countries
m with Economies in Transition IPF IFF
m
1 Create or strengthen partnerships 17c 9a 84
a and international cooperation to 67a 9c 87
r facilitate the provision of 9g
y increased financial resources to 97a
implement sustainable forest 30a
o management including the 129e
f IPF/IFF proposals for action.
2 Identify and prioritise resource 67b 17e
t needs for sustainable forest 67c 30b
h management, including the 30b
e implementation of the IPF/IFF 133b
proposals for action.
I
3 Explore and expand innovative 17c 30e
P
financial mechanisms including 67e 64j
F concessional lending, debt relief 67g
initiatives and an investment 71c
a promotion entity to support
n sustainable forest management
d and national forest programs.
4 Encourage private sector 69b 30c
I
investment and reinvestment of 69c 56b
F forest revenues into sustainable 69d 115a
F forest management and 69e 115b
environmentally sound 70b 122b
P technologies, through appropriate 77d
r policies, legislation, incentives
o and mechanisms.
p 5 Enhance Government, community 70c 64f
o and forest owner financing to 77f
s facilitate local participation in
a sustainable forest management.
l
s 6 Enhance coordination and 71a
collaboration between donors, 71b
international institutions and
f instruments related to forests and
o explore appropriate indicators for
r monitoring and evaluating donor
funded forest programs.
A
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7 Support coordinated deployment 70a 30a S
of resources for sustainable forest 70d u
management through national 17g m
forest programs to improve m
efficiency and effectiveness of a
available funds. r
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 S Technology Transfer and Capacity
u Building IPF IFF
m
1 Assess, taking into account 77b 56c
m
gender disaggregated data, the 56o
a technological requirements
r necessary to achieve sustainable
y forest management.

o 2 Enhance cooperation and 77a 56a 56i

financing to promote access to 77c 56e 56l
f
and transfer of environmentally 56g
sound technologies. 129e
t 56h
h
e 3 Facilitate capacity building within 17g 17a
national forest programs to 28a 19b
I implement sustainable forest 58b(vi) 56d
management and the IPF/IFF 70e 64e
P
proposals for action, including 77e 64i
F strengthening and supporting 77f 107d
institutions involved in forest and 89b
a plantation management and 115c
n supporting indigenous people,
d local forest dependent
communities and forest owners.
I
4 Support developing countries to 131b
F increase downstream processing
F and community based processing
of wood and non-timber forest
P products.
r
5 Promote the dissemination and 77e 56f
o
sharing of environmentally sound 56h
p technologies to end-users,
o particularly in local communities,
s including through efficient use of
a extension services.
l
s 6 Strengthen education and 56m
training for women in community 56n
development programs including
f the growth and use of fuelwood
o and the use of energy efficient
r cooking technology and ensure
women benefit from the transfer
A of environmentally sound
c technologies.
t
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Trade and environment in relation to forest S
products and services u
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 S Market Access and Transparency IPF IFF
u
m 1 Study the environmental, social 128a
and economic impacts of trade-
m
related measures affecting forest
a products and services.
r
y 2 Undertake measures to improve 128b 64i
market access for forest goods
o and services, including the
reduction of tariff and non-tariff
f
barriers to trade, in accordance
with existing international
t obligations and to promote a
h mutually supportive relationship
e between environment and trade.

I 3 Improve market transparency for 135a 41e

trade in forest products and 135b 41f
P
services and consider measures
F to reduce illegal trade in wood
and non-wood forest products.
a
n 4 Implement policies and actions to 41a
d facilitate trade in wood and non- 41g
wood products from sustainably
managed forests and to minimize
I
negative effects of short term
F market changes.
F
5 Undertake further cooperative 133a 41b
P work on voluntary certification 133d
r and labelling schemes, including 133e
studying their link with criteria 133g
o
and indicators and their
p effectiveness in promoting
o sustainable forest management
s and exchange information and
a experience on these schemes.
l
s 6 Support the application of 133c 41b
accessibility, credibility, 133f
equivalence, cost-effectiveness,
f transparency and participatory
o concepts to certification and
r labelling schemes and ensure
they do not lead to unjustified
A obstacles to market access.
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7 Intensify efforts and implement 132a S
policies to promote the 132b u
sustainable use of all m
economically viable lesser-used m
species in domestic and a
international markets. r
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 S Forest-related work of international organizations
u and multilateral institutions and instruments
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Involvement of Countries in S
International Programs IPF IFF u
1 Support the forest work 146a 139a m
undertaken by international and 146d 139b m
regional organizations and under 146e 141a a
relevant international instruments r
and encourage them to contribute y
to forest policy dialogue and to
support inter-agency cooperation o
on the implementation of the
f
outcomes of UNCED and the
IPF/IFF processes.
t
2 Clarify the forest-related roles of 146b 139c h
international institutions and 146c
e
instruments to improve
integration and coordination and
eliminate duplication of their I
efforts. P
F
3 Strengthen national 140b
arrangements to provide
guidance to multilateral forest- a
related organizations n
d
4 Facilitate work under the 40o 56j
Convention on Biological Diversity 74a
and other relevant organizations 74c I
(WIPO, UNCTAD) to implement 75 F
measures to recognize, respect, F
protect and maintain traditional
forest-related knowledge P
including the application of r
intellectual property rights, sui o
generis or other systems for its p
protection.
o
5 Contribute national data on 89d s
timber and non-timber values to a
the FAO Global Forest Resource l
Assessments. s
6 Contribute to a global and 85g
regional comprehensive f
assessment of the current status o
of protected forest areas, to assist r
in the establishment of bio-
geographically balanced
protected area networks. A
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 S 7 Participate in the international 89
u development of global guidelines
m for consistent national
m interpretation and
a implementation of IUCN
categories of protected areas.
r
y 8 Strengthen international 50b
cooperation and action with 50e
o respect to reducing long-range air
pollution.
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Work of International Organizations IPF IFF S
u
1 Continue collaborative work to 78c m
support the implementation of the 145
m
IPF/IFF proposals for action and
the provision of information to a
assist the forest sector. r
y
2 Develop institutional synergies 141b
with other partners and prepare a 141c o
comprehensive directory of
f
organizations and instruments
engaged in forest-related
activities. t
h
3 Provide general, cross-sectoral 115f e
and specific advice to countries 142b
on forest policies and the design I
and administration of economic
P
instruments and tax policies to
promote sustainable forest F
management.
a
4 Strengthen transparency of 65 n
decision making in international 115g d
financial institutions and ensure
their policies and structural
I
adjustment programs support
sustainable forest management. F
F
5 Develop harmonized, cost- 89g 19a
effective, comprehensive national 115e 142c P
forest reporting formats and data r
systems incorporating relevant
o
criteria and indicators for
sustainable forest management.
p
o
6 Consult with countries about 89e 18 s
forest assessment definitions as 89f a
well as the collection and analysis l
of forest information, including s
the global forest resource
assessment, and provide feedback
on the results. f
o
7 Prepare information on methods 104b r
and data requirements for the
valuation of all forest goods and A
services. c
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 S Work of International Organizations IPF IFF
u
m 8 Undertake systematic collection 30d
and analysis of forest sector
m
financial flows data to assist
a informed policy decisions.
r
y 9 Undertake reviews of 67
contemporary forest revenue 115e
o collection systems and the
relation of land tenure to
f
deforestation and forest
degradation.
t
h 1 Increase public awareness of the 142a
e 0 direct and indirect benefits from
forests at the regional and global
I levels.
P 1 Improve support for forest-related 94c 98a
F 1 research programs, strengthen 98b
linkages between forest policy 98c
a and research and explore the
n possibility of a global forest
d information service.
1 Encourage, within the work of the 40q
I 2 Convention on Biological 115f
F Diversity, the development of
F biodiversity indicators that are
complementary to existing forest
P criteria and indicators as well as
r the compilation of legal
mechanisms related to the
o
protection, use and benefit
p sharing of traditional
o forest-related knowledge.
s
a 1 Promote research and analysis by 94b
l 3 forest-related Conventions to
s address gaps in existing
knowledge.
f 1 Consider the needs of developing 143
o 4 and low forest cover countries, 144
r support forest programs and
integrate forest-related aspects
A into poverty, population, food and
c environmental programs.
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