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0517 Motor Protection Ge Grid May17
0517 Motor Protection Ge Grid May17
Tom Ernst
GE Grid Solutions
Motor Relay Zone of Protection
-Electrical Faults
-Abnormal Conditions
-Thermal Overloads
-Mechanical Failure
2
• Setting of the motor protection relay is based
on the motor datasheets information and
system configuration
3
CT Selection
869
4
Phase CTs
• The CT should be nominally sized at or
greater than motor FLA
• The CT must have an accuracy class high
enough so that the current waveform
presented to the relay will allow the
overcurrent to operate
• Higher CT ratio is generally better from a
saturation point of view than a lower CT ratio
5
Phase CTs
• Our Motor has a FLA of 413 Amps
• Our maximum fault current is 22KA
6
Phase CTs
C100 400/5
INPUT PARAMETERS: ENTER: Saturation Curve CALCULATED:
Inverse of sat. curve slope = S= 16 --- Vs Rt = Total burden resistance = Rw + Rb = 0.295
RMS voltage at 10A exc. current = Vs = 125 volts rms slope pf = Total burden pow er factor = 1.000
Turns ratio = n2/1= N= 80 --- = 1/S Zb = Total burden impedance = 0.295
mf gr's
Winding resistance = Rw = 0.195 ohms Ve data Tau1 = System time constant = 0.027
Burden resistance = Rb = 0.100 ohms Lamsat = Peak flux-linkages corresponding to Vs 0.469
Burden reactance = Xb = 0.004 ohms volts log-log plot, w = Radian freq = 376.99
System X/R ratio = XoverR = 10.0 --- rms equal RP = Rms-to-peak ratio = 0.37410
Per unit offset in primary current = Off = 1.00 -1<Off<1 decade A = Coefficient in instantaneous ie
spacing
Per unit remanence (based on Vs) = lrem 0.00 --- versus lambda curve: ie = A * l^S : 4.89E+06
Symmetrical primary fault current = Ip = 22,000 amps rms dt = Time step = 0.000083
Ie amps rms 10 Lb = Burden inductance = 0.00001
Thick lines: Ideal (blue) and actual (black) secondary current in amps vs time in seconds.
Thin lines: Ideal (blue) and actual (black) secondary current extracted fundamental rms value, using a simple DFT with a one-cycle window.
800
600
400
200
0
-200
-400
-600
-0.017 0.000 0.017 0.033 0.050 0.067 0.083 0.100 0.117 0.133 0.150
Saturated Magnitude
Trace 7
Phase CTs
C100 600/5
INPUT PARAMETERS: ENTER: Saturation Curve CALCULATED:
Inverse of sat. curve slope = S= 16 --- Vs Rt = Total burden resistance = Rw + Rb = 0.300
RMS voltage at 10A exc. current = Vs = 125 volts rms slope pf = Total burden pow er factor = 1.000
Turns ratio = n2/1= N= 120 --- = 1/S Zb = Total burden impedance = 0.300
mf gr's
Winding resistance = Rw = 0.200 ohms Ve data Tau1 = System time constant = 0.027
Burden resistance = Rb = 0.100 ohms Lamsat = Peak flux-linkages corresponding to Vs 0.469
Burden reactance = Xb = 0.004 ohms volts log-log plot, w = Radian freq = 376.99
System X/R ratio = XoverR = 10.0 --- rms equal RP = Rms-to-peak ratio = 0.37410
Per unit offset in primary current = Off = 1.00 -1<Off<1 decade A = Coefficient in instantaneous ie
spacing
Per unit remanence (based on Vs) = lrem 0.00 --- versus lambda curve: ie = A * l^S : 4.89E+06
Symmetrical primary fault current = Ip = 22,000 amps rms dt = Time step = 0.000083
Ie amps rms 10 Lb = Burden inductance = 0.00001
Thick lines: Ideal (blue) and actual (black) secondary current in amps vs time in seconds.
Thin lines: Ideal (blue) and actual (black) secondary current extracted fundamental rms value, using a simple DFT with a one-cycle window.
500
400
300
200
100
0
-100
-200
-300
-0.017 0.000 0.017 0.033 0.050 0.067 0.083 0.100 0.117 0.133 0.150
Thick lines: Ideal (blue) and actual (black) secondary current in amps vs time in seconds.
Thin lines: Ideal (blue) and actual (black) secondary current extracted fundamental rms value, using a simple DFT with a one-cycle window.
500
400
300
200
100
0
-100
-200
-300
-0.017 0.000 0.017 0.033 0.050 0.067 0.083 0.100 0.117 0.133 0.150
10
Motor Thermal Limit Curves
11
Motor Thermal Parameters
G
13
Settings Example
Phase CT: The phase CT should be
Select CT Rating, Voltage Sensing chosen such that the FLA is 75% to 150%
of CT primary. Since the FLA is 297 a
300:5 CT may be chosen.
Ground CT: Zero sequence core balance
CT is used for high impedance grounded
systems. The primary rating should be
large enough to assure that the CT can
handle all potential fault ground levels
without saturating.
• 50 A >> systems with less than 50
amps of ground fault current.
• 200 A or 300 A >> systems with up to
300 amps of ground fault current.
• No ground CT required on low
impedance or solidly grounded
systems (Use neutral functions (3I0 is
calculated from the phase CTs).
• Secondary rating can be same as
phase CTs (1A/5A) or special 50:0.025
Voltage Sensing : Enter A.
the connection type,
secondary volts and ratio.
VTratio = 14400/120 =
120:1
Vsec = Vnom/VTratio =
13800/120 = 115 V
14
Settings Example Motor FLA: Set as specified by the
Select FLA, Ground CT data sheets.
Overload Factor: This is the pick-
up of the OL curve. Set 10-15%
above data sheet service factor.
NP Voltage, HP & Poles: Set as
specified in the data sheets.
Load Average Calc. Period: Set
this longer than the oscillatory
duration of oscillating loads like
reciprocal compressors. Set at 0
for non-oscillatory loads.
Max Acceleration Time: Set this to
the longest acceleration time
expected plus a margin (the
acceleration time trip function is
enabled separately - see
Protection > Group X >> Motor).
15
Settings Example
Select Overload Curve for Thermal Model
Overload Curve
Set the overload curve below cold thermal limit and above hot thermal limit. If only hot curve
is provided by manufacturer, then must set at or below hot thermal limit
The best fitting curve is time dial multiplier 9 in this example.
Note that this is a 3 dimensional curve: f(A ,T, TCU), TCU = thermal capacity used. Curve
values given are for TCU = 0 (40 °C stator temp). The curve represents TCU = 100%.
16
Settings Example
Select Overload Curve TD Multiplier for Thermal Model
Overload Curve
Set the overload curve TD multiplier below cold thermal limit and
above hot thermal limit. If only hot curve is provided by mfgr,
then must set at or below hot thermal limit. The best fitting curve
TD multiplier is 9 in this example.
This can be verified with Hot Stall Time of 30s at 540% FLA by
using the standard overload curve equation above.
17
Settings Example
Select Overload Curve for Thermal Model
Select overload curve using Hot Stall Time and Locked Rotor Current when
Overload Curves are not available:
Example: For Hot Stall Time = 30s and LRA = 540% FLA
19
Settings Example
Stopped & Running Cool Time Constants
LRTHOT
HCR
LRTCOLD
Hot/Cold Ratio =
30/35 = 0.86
21
Settings Example
Determine Hot/Cold Safe Stall Ratio for Thermal Model (method 2)
22
Settings Example
Determine RTD Bias Setpoints for Thermal Model
23
Settings Example
Determine RTD Bias Setpoints for Thermal Model
• Motor relay will use the calculated
MAX POINT thermal capacity unless the RTD thermal
TEMP: 155°C capacity is higher.
TCU: 100%
• This feature will not trip the motor at the
max point temp unless the average
current is greater than the overload
pickup setting
RTD Bias Function
MID POINT
TEMP: 130°C Set to Enabled/YES
TCU: 25% RTD Bias Minimum
Set to 40 ° C which is the ambient temperature obtained from
MIN POINT the data sheets.
TEMP: 40°C RTD Bias Center Point
TCU: 0% The center point temperature is set to the motor’s hot running
temperature and is calculated as follows:
Temperature Rise of Stator + Ambient Temperature.
The temperature rise of the stator is 80 ° C + 10% hot spot
allowance, obtained from the data sheets.
Therefore, the RTD Center point temperature is set to 900C +
400C or 130 ° C.
RTD Bias Maximum
This setpoint is set to the rating of the insulation or slightly
less. A class F insulation is used in this motor which is rated at
155 ° C, so setting should be 155 ° C.
24
Settings Example
Determine RTD Bias Setpoints for Thermal Model
MAX POINT
TEMP: 155°C
TCU: 100%
MID POINT
TEMP: 130°C
TCU: 25%
MIN POINT
TEMP: 40°C
TCU: 0%
25
Settings Example
Enable Start Inhibit
26
TCU / Start Inhibit Example
If Motor is Stopped:
When the motor has cooled and the level of thermal
capacity used has fallen to 66%, a start will be
permitted.
27
Settings Example
Starts/Hr, Time Between Starts
Starts/Hour
Starts/Hour can be set to the # of cold starts as per the data sheet.
For this example, it is 2
28
Settings Example
VFD Support Functions
Bypass Switch
If the VFD has a bypass switch then set this for the contact input that
is ON when the switch is closed.
Starting Frequency
Traditionally, the frequency tracking function started at 50/60 Hz and
then looked at zero crossings of several cycles to determine the
correct actual frequency. This caused the first 5 – 10 cycles of current
measurement to be wrong when the motor was started from a VFD.
Starting frequency feature allows the tracking to start at a more
realistic frequency (6 Hz in this case).
29
Advanced Diagnostics
Broken Rotor Bar Detection
The Broken Rotor Bar element uses two different algorithms to
detect broken or cracked rotor bars:
Power Based Coherent Demodulation: This technique uses
multiplication of voltage and current samples thereby shifting
the fundamental to DC and fault frequency to lower closer to DC
value, to detect the broken rotor bar component. This method is
running when voltage is available and is meeting MOTOR
VOLTAGE SUPERVISION setting check.
Conventional current based FFT method: In case voltage is not
available or the voltage magnitude is lower than the MOTOR
VOLTAGE SUPERVISION setting value, the algorithm switches
to analyzing the frequency spectrum from current samples only,
to detect the broken rotor bar component.
Alarm settings are based on an increase in dB as each motor will
exhibit a different signature when healthy.
30
Advanced
Diagnostics - BRB
FFT of Stator Current of
Induction Machine with
Rotor Bar Fault – signature
is only about 12 Hz off of
fundamental
31
Advanced Diagnostics
BRB
32
Advanced Diagnostics
Stator Inter-Turn Fault
The Stator Inter-Turn Fault element uses sequence components to
detect stator turn failure of the induction machine.
Local heating caused by shorted turns can rapidly cause
additional damage to adjacent windings and stator iron
Alarm to avoid additional damage
33
Advanced Diagnostics
Stator Inter-Turn Fault
Operating quantity:
OP = Znp/Zpp –
ZUBbase
ZUBbase =
normalized
cross-coupled
impedance
ratio under
non-fault
conditions
34
Thank You
Questions?