Arginine (Arg, R)

Basic Side chains

R- guanidino group
Alanine (Ala, A)
Non-polar
R- aliphatic

Aspartic acid (Asp, D)

Asparagine (Asn, N) Polar Acidic
Neutral Polar R-carboxyl
R- amide bond - carboxylate ion
*negatively charged at pH 7
 Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
Polar acidic
R-carboxyl
- carboxylate ion
Cysteine (Cys, C) *negatively charged at pH 7
Neutral Polar
R- thiol group (-SH)

Glutamine (Gln, Q))

Neutral Polar
R- amide bond
Glycine (Gly, G)
____________________
Has no stereogenic center
 Isoleucine (Ile, I)
Non-polar group
R- aliphatic
Histidine (His, H)
Polar Basic
R- imidazole group

Lysine (Lys, K)
Polar Basic
R- NH3 group is attached to an aliphatic
Leucine (Leu, L) hydrocarbon chain
Non-polar group
R- aliphatic
Methionine (Met, M) Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
Non-polar group Non-polar group
R- Sulfur atom R-hydrocarbon aromatic ring

Proline (Pro, P)
Non-polar group Serine (Ser, S)
R- cyclic structure Neutral Polar
*Usually D-isomer R- polar hydroxyl group
**Secondary amine / IMINE
 Tryptophan (Trp, W)
Threonine (Thr, T) Non-polar group
Neutral Polar R- Indole ring side chain, aromatic.
R- polar hydroxyl group

Tyrosine (Tyr, Y) Valine (Val, V)

Neutral Polar Non-polar group
R- hydroxyl group bonded to aromatic R- aliphatic