1.

LIST DOWN THE ELEMENTS OF MUSIC

Dynamics

How loud or soft the music is.

Expression

The art of playing music with communication combining ALL musical elements successfully.

Rhythm

A pattern of long and short sounds and silence.

Structure

How a piece of music is constructed into sections. Also known as FORM.

Melody

A series of single notes that add up to a recognizable whole.

Metre

Pulse of the music, indicated by the time signature.

Mood

A story's atmosphere or the feeling it evokes.

Instrumentation

Choice and combination of instruments that add to the intended effect of the music.

Texture.

Layers of sound.

Timbre.

The Characteristic quality of sound produced by a particular instrument or voice. Also known as TONE COLOUR.

Tonality

Describes major and minor.

Tempo

The speed of the music.

Harmony

2+ pitches produced at the same time.

Melodic contour

The rising and falling patterns in pitch; the shape of a melody.

Repetition

Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis.

Ostinato

A repeated accompaniment pattern that can be rhythmic or melodic, maintained throughout the section/piece.

Call and response

In African and early African American music a style in which a phrase by a leading singer or soloist is answered by a
larger group or chorus, and the process is repeated again and again.

Soloist

A musician who performs alone.

Chant

A short, simple series of syllables or words that are sung on or intoned to the same note or a limited range of notes.

Polyrhythm

Multiple rhythms occurring simultaneous.

Plot

Sequence of events in a story.

Film music

Can portray what a character is thinking, in contrast to what the audience is seeing; can operate on a plane completely
contrary to the visuals.

Treble Clef

Clef that generally indicates notes that sound higher than middle C.

Bass Clef

Appears on the lower staff and cover the left-hand half of the piano.

2. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF CLASSICAL MUSIC?

CLASSICAL MUSIC
serious or conventional music following long-established principles rather than a folk, jazz, or popular tradition.

(more specifically) music written in the European tradition during a period lasting approximately from 1750 to 1830,
when forms such as the symphony, concerto, and sonata were standardized.
3. LIST DOWN ALL THE CLASSICAL MUSIC (COMPOSER AND THEIR COMPOSITIONS)

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827)

The German composer and pianist Ludwig van Beethoven is widely regarded as the greatest composer who ever lived.
He expanded the Classical traditions of Joseph Haydn, one of his teachers, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and
experimented with personal expression, a characteristic that influenced the Romantic composers who succeeded him.
His life and career were marked by progressive deafness, yet the malady did not prevent him from composing some of
his most important works during the last 10 years of his life when he was nearly unable to hear. Widening the scope of
sonata, symphony, concerto, and quartet, Beethoven’s notable works include Symphony No. 9 in D Minor, Op. 125,
Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67, Moonlight Sonata, and Für Elise.

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)

Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer and organist of the Baroque period. His contemporaries admired him
for his talent as a musician but thought his compositions were old-fashioned. A rediscovery of his work in the early 19th
century led to the so-called Bach revival, in which he came to be seen as one of the greatest composers of all time. His
most-celebrated compositions include Brandenburg Concertos, The Well-Tempered Clavier, BWV 846–893, Suites for
Unaccompanied Cello, BWV 1007–1012, Orchestral Suites, BWV 1066–1069, and Mass in B Minor, BWV 232.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–91)

An Austrian composer of the Classical period, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is widely recognized as one of the greatest
composers of Western music. He is the only composer to write and excel in all of the musical genres of his time.
Rumored to have had the ability to play music at age three and to write music at age five, Mozart began his career as a
child prodigy. Notable compositions include The Marriage of Figaro, Elvira Madigan, and Clarinet Quintet in A Major, K
581.

Johannes Brahms (1833–97)

Johannes Brahms was a German composer and pianist of the Romantic period, but he was more a disciple of the
Classical tradition. He wrote in many genres, including symphonies, concerti, chamber music, piano works, and choral
compositions, many of which reveal the influence of folk music. Some of his best-known works include Symphony No. 3
in F Major, Wiegenlied, Op. 49, No. 4, and Hungarian Dances.

Richard Wagner (1813–83)

The German composer and theorist Richard Wagner extended the opera tradition and revolutionized Western music. His
dramatic compositions are particularly known for the use of leitmotifs, brief musical motifs for a character, place, or
event, which he skillfully transformed throughout a piece. Among his major works are the operas The Flying Dutchman,
Tannhäuser, Lohengrin, Tristan and Isolde, Parsifal, and the tetralogy The Ring of the Nibelung, which includes The
Valkyrie. One of the most controversial figures in classical music, his work transcends his character, which was defined
by megalomaniac tendencies and anti-Semitic views.
Claude Debussy (1862–1918)

The French composer Claude Debussy is often regarded as the father of modern classical music. Debussy developed new
and complex harmonies and musical structures that evoke comparisons to the art of his contemporary Impressionist and
Symbolist painters and writers. His major works include Clair de lune, La Mer, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, and
the opera Pelléas et Mélisande.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840–93)

Writing music with broad emotional appeal during the Romantic period, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky became one of the
most popular Russian composers of all time. He was schooled in the western European tradition and assimilated
elements from French, Italian, and German music with a personal and Russian style. Some of his best-known works were
composed for the ballet, including Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty, and The Nutcracker, Op. 71, but they also include
Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat Minor, Op. 23 and Marche Slave, Op. 31.

Frédéric Chopin (1810–49)

Frédéric Chopin was a Polish French composer and pianist of the Romantic period. He was one of few composers to
devote himself to a single instrument, and his sensitive approach to the keyboard allowed him to exploit all the
resources of the piano, including innovations in fingering and pedaling. He is thus primarily known for writing music for
the piano, notably Nocturne, Op. 9 No. 2 in E-flat Major, Nocturne in C-sharp Minor, B. 49, and Heroic Polonaise.

Joseph Haydn (1732–1809)

The Austrian composer Joseph Haydn was one of the most important figures in the development of the Classical style of
music during the 18th century. He helped establish the forms and styles for the string quartet and symphony. Haydn was
a prolific composer, and some of his most well-known works are Symphony No. 92 in G Major, Emperor Quartet, and
Cello Concerto No. 2 in D Major. His compositions are often characterized as light, witty, and elegant.