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Tomato Industry Case Study
Tomato Industry Case Study
Tomato Industry Case Study
INTRODUCTION
Objectives
INPUT SUBSYSTEM
PRODUCTION SUBSYSTEM
PROCESSING SUBSYSTEM
Prices of Processed
MARKETING SUBSYSTEM
SUPPORT SUBSYSTEM
SWOT Analysis
References
I. Introduction
important and popular fruit vegetable grown in the Philippines. The fruit is used as an
ingredient in many food preparations and is regarded as one of the most profitable crops
for off-season production, preferably from May to September. Tomatoes are considered
introduced into Spain. The Spanish distributed the tomato throughout their colonies in the
Caribbean. They also took it to the Philippines, from where it spread to Southeast Asia
and then the entire Asian continent. The tomato is consumed in diverse ways, raw or
cooked, in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks. While tomatoes are fruits botanically
classified as berries they are commonly used as a vegetable ingredient or side dish.
Tomatoes are grown in most parts of the Philippines, but more predominantly in
the cooler regions like Bukidnon in Mindanao and Baguio in Northern Luzon. Tomato
varieties suitable for the lowlands are also grown in lowland areas like Quezon Province,
There are two types of tomato grown in the country namely, the table type and the
processing type. Table type tomatoes are non-seasonal while the processing type
Consumption of tomato continues to increase due to its health benefits and wide
and tomatoes are no different. As the proportion of plant foods in the diet increases, the
risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, and cancer decreases. High fruit and vegetable
intake is also linked to healthy skin and hair, increased energy, and lower weight.
Increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables significantly decreases the risk of
obesity and overall mortality. Tomatoes are rich sources of vitamins A and C and folic
acid and contain a wide array of beneficial nutrients and antioxidants including alpha-
OBJECTIVES
The top producing provinces from each major island group, namely, Ilocos Norte and
Ilocos Sur in Luzon, Iloilo and Cebu in Visayas and Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental in
Mindanao.
During the fourth quarter of 2018, tomato production slightly improved by 0.6
percent, from the 28.13 thousand metric tons in the same quarter of 2017 to 28.30
thousand metric tons this quarter. Northern Mindanao posted the highest production of
16.11 thousand metric tons with a tomato farm area of 2594.50 hectares, representing
56.9 percent of the total tomato production. It was followed by Ilocos Region with 8.4
percent share with 3264.96 hectare and Zamboanga Peninsula, 6.7 percent with 402.00
hectares.
The following are the varieties of tomato being produced in the Philippines: Each
virus, and moderately resistant to bacterial wilt. It is prolific with a productive period of 3
months and an average yield of 30 tons/ha. Red orange in color, medium in size, oblong
2. Maguilas (for fresh market) - It is determinate, high yielding, but with short
productive period of 1-2 months. It is resistant to bacterial wilt, mosaic virus, and
damping off. It yields an average of 30 tons/ha. Pink red in color, large in size, oblong
determinate, and has a longer productive period. It is resistant to bacterial wilt and mosaic
virus and yields an average of 40 tons/ha. Red orange, medium and large in size, oblong
orange, medium size, round shape, and in dry and wet planting season.
5. Diamante Max-is a new tomato variety that is developed and selected for its off-
season adaptation in the low elevation areas in the Philippines similar to the older tomato
variety “Diamante”. Like Diamante, it has good bacterial wilt tolerance; however, this
new variety has very good tolerance to the Gemini virus tomato yellow leaf curl virus
plants with intermediate plant vigor. Fruits are high round with an average fruit weight of
around 70g with good firmness. The number of days to first harvest is around 50 days
after transplanting.
6. Dyesebel- It has a plum shape, firm, weighing 50-70 grams per fruit. It can be
grown year round. Very vigorous, semi-determinate with good foliage cover; resistant to
Based on data from the Philippines Statistics Authority also known as PSA, with
an average production of tomato at 28,832.93 kilograms per hectare, the gross returns of
farmers reached PhP329, 914.77 per hectare. Returns above cash costs averaged
PhP178,532.24. Net returns averaged PhP135,438.21 per hectare. Farmers netted about
grown as a secondary crop especially in rice and corn-based farming systems. Growing
tomato is a good opportunity for Filipino farmers to augment their income. But the
biggest challenge or threat is how to provide the desired volume and quality of tomatoes
that the market demands on a daily basis the whole year round. Although production of
tomato is now becoming a profitable enterprise, most tomato farmers still do not produce
the kind of tomato that is required fearing that its production is seasonal.
Based on official statistics from the PSA, the country’s production of tomato for
the past 10 years (2008 to 2017) from 195,809.54 tons in 2008 to 218,793.14 tons in 2017
This was attributed to the increase of number of tomato farmers shifting to other crops,
Primary Production
Site Selection
Choose a part of the farm that is slightly elevated and has good drainage to avoid
water logging in case a flash flood occurs during the wet season. For dry season planting,
make a catchment with a canal directed into it to drain excess water after each irrigation
Tomato can be grown anytime of the year. In hilly areas, plant tomato from
September to January. For lowlands, plant from November to February. Grow off-season
type and grafted tomatoes (kamlong) from May to September for bigger profit.
Land Preparation
Prepare the field as early as possible to give enough time for the weeds and
week interval. Harrow every after plowing to break the clods and level the field. A well-
pulverized soil promotes good soil aeration and enhances root formation.
Transplanting
Production Guide 8 Transplant the seedlings carefully. Hold the roots with the thumb and
forefinger then push towards the soil at 3-5 cm deep depending on the length of the stem.
For seedlings raised in trays or potlets, transplant together with the soil media. Generally,
transplant late in the afternoon or during cloudy days. Cover newly planted seedlings
with banana stalk or any available shading materials during sunny days to minimize
transplanting shock until the plants begin to recover. If seedlings are grown in trays or
potlets, covering after transplanting is not necessary. Replant missing hills and wilted
transplants 3-5 days after transplanting (DAT). Refrain from smoking during
The quantity and kind of fertilizer to apply depend on soil fertility and the
previous cropping pattern. To provide the right nutrient requirement of the crop, submit
soil samples for analysis at the Cagayan Valley Integrated Agricultural Laboratory
(CVIAL), Department of Agriculture, RFO 02, Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan or
Trellising or Staking
Some varieties of tomato are indeterminate, which need pole support to keep the
plants above the ground especially during the rainy season. Provide trellis 15 DAT using
locally available materials like nylon string and poles. Tie the main branch of the plants
Effective weed control is an integral part of crop production. Pull weeds as they
15-20 DAT and hill-up 25-30 DAT. Pull remaining weeds in between plants after hilling-
up.
Irrigation
Tomato is very sensitive to flooding. Water or irrigate the plants just to moisten
the root zone especially during the onset of flowering up to the last harvest. Quick furrow
irrigation is recommended to minimize soil erosion and to favor high fruit setting.
Generally, it requires 4-5 times irrigation from transplanting to 14 days before the last
harvesting period. In the absence of surface irrigation, water the plants using sprinkler at
Pruning
Prune the plants to attain better plant growth and improve fruit setting. Pruning is
done 10-20 DAT or when the side branches of the plants start to elongate. Prune all side
branches below the split. Remove also the bud growth on the split and old leaves. Prune
Pests Management
Insect-pests and diseases reduce yield and lower the quality of produce, if not
managed properly. Common pests of tomato are thrips, whiteflies, melon fly, leaf miner,
aphids, cutworm and fruitworm. Most prevalent diseases are mosaic virus, stem rot, early
and light blight, fusarium wilt, anthracnose, bacterial leaf spot, leaf molds bacterial wilt
and nematodes infection. The occurrence of these pests is prevented by the following
practices:
3. Crop rotation
dosage.
Harvesting
Harvesting of tomato fruits starts at 55-65 DAT or 15-20 days from flowering.
Tomato extends its growth to more or less 100 DAT depending on the variety and
demand. Tomato can be harvested at three stages, namely: • Mature green – harvest when
fruits start to show cream streaks at the blossom end. This is applicable for distant market
Pink or breaker – harvest when the blossom end turns pinkish or reddish. This is
Red ripe – harvest when the fruits are already red. This is the best time to harvest for
home consumption.
Postharvest Operations
To reduce wastage and improve market quality of produce, growers must practice
proper postharvest techniques. Sort the fruits according to size, color, shape, maturity and
condition. Discard deformed and damaged fruits. Wash with clean water and wipe with
clean, dry and soft cloth. Pack fruits in suitable containers that are good and strong
enough to protect the commodity. Use bamboo containers (kaing or basket), wooden
crates, food grade plastic crates or boxes. Line the bottom of the containers with old
Fresh, matured and uncontaminated tomatoes are used for processing. Especially without
Handling- All raw food and materials should be handled with care in order to avoid
bruises and damages. Foods should be kept off the ground and protected from insects.
Raw materials should be kept cool by storing them away from sunlight. Bruised but not
infected tomatoes can also be processed but putting in mind that bruises encourage
infestation
Sorting- Food is sorted by maturity and color. Sorting should be done as early as
example, put the tomatoes in boiled water for 5 minutes and thoroughly covered and
removed from the water after the said time and cool immediately by pouring cold water.
preserve food. They are many types of chemical preservatives that are used in food
processing. For example, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulphite, sulphur dioxide,
Sodium chloride (common salt), citric acid etc. For example sulphur dioxide is more
effective against moulds or bacteria than yeasts and has the additional advantage of
should not be necessary. If a product is opened, part used and resealed, the use of a
Packaging- Packaging is one of the most efficient ways to tell a product’s story; the
information of the package is the only massage that stays with the product all the way
from the producer to the consumers. Packaging agricultural produce means wrapping or
containing it in some form of material that will protect it during storage, transport, or and
distribution.
IV. PROCESSING SUBSYSTEM
TOMATO KETCHUP
Ketchup is a sauce used as a condiment. Ketchup is a sweet and tangy sauce now
typically made from tomatoes, sugar, and vinegar, with assorted seasonings and spices.
Tomato ketchup is most often used as a condiment to dishes that are usually served hot
and may be fried or greasy: French fries, hamburgers, hot dogs, chicken tenders, tater
tots, hot sandwiches, meat pies, cooked eggs, and grilled or fried meat. Ketchup is
sometimes used as the basis for, or as one ingredient in, other sauces and dressings, and
the flavor may be replicated as an additive flavoring for snacks such as potato chips.
TOMATO SAUCE
Can refer to a large number of different sauces made primarily from tomatoes,
usually to be served as part of a dish, rather than as a condiment. Basis for some
TOMATO PASTE
Thick paste made by cooking tomatoes for several hours to reduce the water
content, straining out the seeds and skins, and cooking the liquid again to reduce the base
between crushed tomatoes and tomato paste that is made from tomatoes that have been
TOMATO JUICE
Juice made from tomatoes, usually used as a beverage, either plain or in cocktails
such as a Bloody Mary or Michelada. Frequently used as a packing liquid for canned
TOMATO JAM
Tomato jam is a type of fruit preserve prepared with tomatoes and sugar. It has
been described as "a cross between marmalade and ketchup. It is sometimes used in the
TOMATO PURÉE
Tomato purée is a concentrated smooth paste with a very strong tomato flavour. It
These wonderfully rich tomatoes have an intense, sweet flavour and a deliciously
chewy texture. They are available either dried or sold in packets (organic sun dried
CANNED TOMATOES
Canned tomatoes are excellent in sauces for pastas and pizzas, having an intense
and distinct flavour. They can also be used in soups. Chopped tomatoes which can be
added straight to recipes for quick and easy cooking are also available, either plain or for
Domestic production of tomato averaged 213.4 thousand metric tons during the
three-year period. From 214.6 thousand metric tons in 2014, it moved up to 214.8
thousand metric tons in 2015. In 2016, it went down to 210.7 thousand metric tons. On
the average, tomato production contracted by 0.90 percent per year. Imports of tomato
were recorded in 2014 and 2015 at 10 metric tons and 65 metric tons, respectively. In
The volume of tomato available for consumption averaged 166.4 thousand metric
tons. It was highest in 2015 at 167.5 thousand metric tons and lowest in 2016 at 164.3
thousand metric tons. These corresponded to 1.65 kilograms per year and 1.59 kilograms
per year in per capita terms. On the average, it settled at 1.64 kilograms per year.
percent. It was lowest in 2016 at 210.7 thousand metric tons and highest in 2017 at 218.8
thousand metric tons. During the three-year period, production averaged 214.8 thousand
metric tons. Imports of tomato were 65 metric tons in 2015, while only less than 1 metric
ton in 2017. Less than 1 metric ton of tomato was exported in 2016.
Total net food disposable for tomato averaged 167.5 thousand metric tons. The
highest was noted in 2017 at 170.6 thousand metric tons. On a per capita basis, annual net
food disposable was highest in 2015 at 1.65 kilograms and lowest in 2016 at 1.59
kilograms. In 2017, annual per capita net food disposable was 1.63 kilograms. It averaged
antioxidant and also helps in skin lightening. It also has AHA or Alpha-Hydroxy
Acids which gently exfoliates the skin to remove pimple-causing dirt and give a
2. Tomato Shampoo- shampoo that is also packed with vitamins from tomatoes
antioxidants provide protection from harmful free radicals and pump up your
hair's strength.
3. Tomato face mask- Ladies with oily skin, have you been paying attention to
tomatoes? With an antioxidant property and a natural acidity, the juicy fruit works
to help tone, clear, and smooth skin, getting rid of acne and brightening tone at the
same time.
Easily salt supply! We have salt use of naruto. And acidity of fresh tomato, it is a
V. MARKETING SUBSYTEM
FARMERS
WHOLESALERS RETAILERS
FARMERS WHOLESALERS
CONSUMERS
FARMERS
tomato as it moves through the marketing system. The actors in the distribution chain of
tomatoes are farmers, wholesalers and retailers. Majority of the farmers sell their produce
processing
VI. CONSUMER SUBSYSTEM
During peak tomato season, tomato-lovers flock to farmers markets and roadside
stands to purchase tomatoes of every shape, size, and color. Pounds of tomatoes are
snatched up without hesitation because nothing promises quality quite like farmers
market tomatoes in the summer. Consumers who purchase tomatoes less frequently are
more likely to say that knowing the health benefits of tomatoes makes them want to
Majority of the consumers purchased tomato from the wet market, an increasing
global trend for consumers to buy fresh produce from supermarkets as they become more
Bureau of Plant Industry is mandated to ensure the supply of high quality seeds
and planting materials through Republic Act 7308 and assistance on the development and
promotion of the Organic Agriculture in the Philippines through Republic Act 10068.
Enhancing productivity and producing high quality tomato through smart greenhouse in
Nine greenhouses have been established in the 3,360sqm project site located at
the BPI-Baguio NCRDPSC, where 8 greenhouses are for farmers' education and training
get their acts together and not to take resources for granted. It is high time to prioritize
water conservation and management programs in the communities. The SGPP is the best
model to address food security as this will produce more food in small areas like the
Cordilleras.
Government to the Philippines. This 48-month project costs Php122.29M where 70%
share is from KOICA and 30% is from Korean private companies. The project is a
Republic Act No. 7900- An act to promote the production, processing, marketing and
distribution of high-valued crops, providing funds therefor, and for other purposes.
productivity and incomes of farmers and the rural population, improve investment
export crops that will significantly augment the foreign exchange earnings of the country,
marketing, and processing of high-value crops, and the establishment of low-cost credit
Fund (HVCDF).
Point of view: Karen C. Cabansag
Student Analyst
Current Situation
Fruits cannot be sold anymore as traders refused to buy the harvested tomatoes.
Oversupply of tomatoes drove local farmers to discard tons of tomatoes that have
begun to rot.
This study aims to assess the company’s strengths, weaknesses and opportunities,
STRENGTH
th
Tomatoes like humidity and heat. They are also considered as tropical vegetable
SWOT MATRIX ANALYSIS OF TOMATO INDUSTRY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Recommendation
Help from the Government to ease the marketing constraints facing tomato farmers.
Diversify product range for domestic and export markets based on demand
EXHIBIT 2
Varieties of Tomato
CHERRY TOMATO
EXHIBIT 3
Varieties of Tomato
APOLLO
EXHIBIT 4
Varieties of Tomato
MAGILAS
EXHIBIT 5
Varieties of Tomato
ATLAS
EXHIBIT 6
Varieties of Tomato
DIAMANTE MAX
EXHIBIT 7
Varieties of Tomato
DYESEBEL
REFERENCES
Johnson, G. (2008). The Vegetable Industry in Tropical Asia: The Philippines. Retrieved
from:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306080082_The_Vegetable_Industry_in_
Tropical_Asia_The_Philippines
Ilao, M. (2019). Benguet farmers forced to throw away vegetables amid low prices,
farmers-forced-to-throw-away-vegetables-amid-low-prices-oversupply
Bulan, A.(2018). The rejected tomatoes issue is rooted in our country’s lack of local
support.
CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Agriculture
Department of Agri-Management
Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija
Case Study
The Philippine
Tomato Industry
Submitted by:
Karen C. Cabansag
BSAb 4
Submitted to:
Prof. Clodualdo V. Velasco