GASIFIKASI

General Overview
Gasification is a process that converts organic or fossil based carbonaceous
materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. This is
achieved by reacting the material at high temperatures (>700 °C), without
combustion, with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam. The resulting
gas mixture is called syngas (from synthesis gas or synthetic gas)
or producer gas and is itself a fuel. The power derived from gasification and
combustion of the resultant gas is considered to be a source of renewable
energy if the gasified compounds were obtained from biomass

Gasification of Coal
Coal gasification is the process of producing coal gas, a type of syngas–a
mixture of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and
water vapour (H2O)–from coal and water. Coal gas, which is a combustible
gas, was traditionally used as a source of energy for municipal lighting and
heat before the advent of industrial-scale production of natural gas, while the
hydrogen obtained from gasification can be used for various purposes such as
making ammonia, powering a hydrogen economy, or upgrading fossil fuels.
Alternatively, the coal gas (also known as "town gas") can be converted into
transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel through additional treatment
via the Fischer-Tropsch process.

Plasma Gasification
Plasma gasification involves the utilization of plasma energy to convert
material to syngas; plasma can be thought of as a fourth state of matter, and
much like fire or electricity, this energy can be used in a variety of
applications. Plasma can be formed by passing an electric charge though gas,
then keeping the dissociated ions and electrons separate; the products of this
process can achieve temperatures beyond 6000 °C, almost as hot as the
surface of the sun. As one can imagine, this type of energy in a gasification
reaction will allow for a wider range of fuel types, like biomass or municipal
solid waste. These types of gasifiers are thought of as highly efficient, with
minimal maintenance in an industrial setting. What is more significant is that
the syngas can be produced such that virtually no tar/char products will be
present (although contaminants will exist that are removed in downstream
processes).
A plasma torch is used to produce heat at the bottom of the gasifier; feed is
charged into the reactor through the side and the syngas leaves out of the
other side. A melted compound of byproduct will form in the slag from this
reaction; this valuable product will be removed from the reactor.