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    Technical Note On Gabion Retaining Wall PDF

    Uploaded by

    Rakesh Reddy

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ‘a = 5 Ss EE Engineering Construction Services “any TECHNICAL NOTE ON “GABION RETAINING WALL” a Rakesh Reddy echMeda (VSSUT, oat PRODUCT APPLICATION ‘The common application of gabions in Cuil Engineering Applications: 1) Retaining Walls Gabion walls can be built with speed and economy in all circumstances and are particularly suitable for landslide ‘control in mountainous countries and in areas with persistently bad ground conditions, Where ground is liable to subside, the capacity of gablons to deform makes them preferable to a concrete wall that would crack and collapse. 2)Weirs Gabion weirs, drop structures, and check dams are constructed across water courses as grade control structures, energy dissipaters, sediment collectors, as well as to form reservoirs, for water irrigation, and water supply in general. Gabion weirs are normally provided with a gabion scour protection apron both on thelr downstream side and at the upstream approachzone. 3)Revetments As a protective covering to slopes, river banks, channels, etc., to prevent erosion by weather or water, gabions will withstand alternative tension and compression without losing structural passage of water throughout the structure. 4) Flexible Aprons Designed to protect super-structures against the undermining action of river or sea water, gabion aprons will closely follow the changing contours of the bed as scouring progresses, until eventually the erosion is completely sealed off. Conventional structures necessitate deep foundations taken down below the maximum scour level, ‘and there Is no guarantee that settlement of the river or sea bed will not ultimately lead to their partial or total collapse. 5) A Gabion Dike or Wall Built across the front of an eroded area will collect silt left behind by floodwaters. The silt gradually builds up Until the required reclamation is met without any financial outlay. 6) Channel linings Built of gabions offer self-drainage, the ability to withstand thrust, flexibility, and durability. The same qualities are used to advantage in Weir construction. 7) Coastal Defenses: ‘The pervious structure of gabions gives two advantages over impervious structures. First, when pounded by heavy masses of water, the impact, instead of being taken instantaneously, is gradually absorbed. Again, flexibility offers distinct advantages in coastal defenses. 8) Soil Conservation Gabion are applied here as (a) terracing on steep slopes to retain the top sol, (b) linings for the beds and sides of water courses, (c) check dams for grade reducing weirs in steeply sloping gullies or valleys. e Ake Rakesh Reddy § ag? Bach (INTUH), AL Tee-MdalVSSUT, Br} YUNTGEE (IT Kang ANE MRO, mG, MAG (CG) Managing Director = Engineering Construction Senvices ADVANTAGES OF STEEL GABION: + No Effect Of Water; Non-Biodegradable. ‘+ High Tensile Strength, High Abrasion Resistance, High Thermal Stability. ‘+ Resistance ToU.V. Degradation. + Easy Lifting OF Filled Gabions By Cranes. Suitable For Underwater Construction. + Smaller Size Stones Can Be Used ‘+ Gabion Can Be Tied Together For Higher Resistance, ‘+ Excellent Durability ‘© Continuous / Integral Construction Keeping this in view, the best erosion control system has been proposed. This uses steel gabions, and Geotextile fiter. Note on Gabion Retaining wall: Zn + PVC Coated Gabions are made up of mechanically woven, Double twisted, hexagonal shaped; Zinc coated steel wire mesh nettings with PVC Coating which are then framed into a shape of Boxes. Gabions are also provided with Diaphragm walls at every 1m length to achieve proper shape. Gabions are filed with stones to form monolithic structures called Gabion retaining walls which will help in retaining the soll. Advantages of Zinc + PVC Coated Gabions: Monolithicity: Gabion walls are monolithic structures work as single unit. 2. Flexibility: Gabions are flexible in nature can accommodate settlements to certain limit. This is very important property which is essential in the event of earthquakes or in settling soil conditions. 3. Porosity: Gabions are filled with stones. Hence they are porous in nature. This avoids development of ore water pressure behind the wall 4, Eco friendly: Gabion walls are environmental friendly. Vegetation can grow at a faster rate which helps in self stabilization of the system, 5. Durability: Gabions are durable 6, Easy to Install: Gabions are very easy to install at site and doesn't require any special machinery or Skilled labours. Gabion Retaining walls are approx. 20% - 25% cheaper as compared to RCC retaining walls. Gabion Retaining walls are faster in construction and hence saving in construction time is. possible. Eadala Rakesh Reddy es (TUN, Wet USSU, Bu) C LANISE ropa AN, MRO WS, HGR CO) Nianaging Director SEEERGN a sv es = vw; “aa EE Ef EE Enginee € gineering Construction Services PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS ‘B.Tech! (ONTUH), MTech Med (vssuT, WINICEE {qT Kangut) AMIE, iRO, IGS, | ‘MMAGKG (NUCS) ‘Managing Director EE Engineering Construction Services Plot No. 150, Kavuri Hills Phase~ a uueuuce Zinc + PVC Coated Gabions Zinc + PVC coated Gabions are boxes made up of Stee! Wire nettings with PVC Coating. (Fig.1). These are manufactured from mechanically double twisted hexagonal wire mesh using Heavily Galvanized steel wire (Fig.2). The Gabions are filled with rocks to form a variety of monolithic structures like retaining walls, landslide and rock fall prevention structures, erosion and scour protection works, various types of Hydraulic / Coastal structures for river and channel protection like weirs, check dams, groynes etc, ‘These Gabions are easy to install at site using simple tools and labour. Refer our Installation Guideline Manual for steps to be followed while installing gabions at site. Gabions are provided with one diaphragm at every 1m. length. ‘Steel Gabions are manufactured from Galvanized wire nettings which conform to the International and Indian standards 2s mentioned in Tables 1, 2&3 Fig.1 Zine + PVC Coated Gabions Table 1. Wire Diameter and Tolerance Eadala Rakesh Re ‘eh NTU Met Metal (VSSUT Ba) \GOIEE (I aro AE, MIO, DIS, MGR (ICS) bi Director Pe are aco eerie Te cea anacaeaase om neering Construction Services cae Depending on the size of stones available, various Mesh \ opening sizes with different wire diameters (Table 2) and S a afferent box sizes (Table 3) are available. pe He 4 : iS Fig.2 Hexagonal Wire Mesh (Double Twisted) Note: In addition to the above mentioned sizes the Gabions can be manufactured tallor made sizes to sult site applications. The above specifications are subject to change as per the manufacturer's or end users’ recommendations. Petey ‘Tach (NTUM),MTech-eds(VSSUT Bat), NIGEE (NT Kanpu) ANE, MIRO, MIGS, MGC (NICS) Managing Director ee ans alse eecauranicr unecall ANNEXURE - 1 Properties of PVC Coating: The initial properties of PVC Coating material shall conform to the following specifications: 1). Specific Gravity. 1.30-1.35 as per ASTM D 792. 2). Tensile strength: Not less than 20.6 MPa as per ASTM D 412. 3) Modulus of Elasticity. Not less than 18.6 MPa as per ASTM D 412. 4) Hardness: between 50 and 60 Shore D, as per ASTM D 2240. 5) Brittleness temperature: Not higher than ~9°C, or lower temperature when specified by the purchaser, as per ASTM D 746 (The maximum brittleness temperature should be atleast 8°C below the minimum temperature at which the gabions will be filled). 6) Abrasion Resistance. The percentage of weight loss shall be less than 12%, as per ASTM D 1242. 7). Salt spray Exposure and Uttraviolet Light exposure. ‘a) The PVC shall show no effect after 3000 hrs. of salt spray exposure as per ASTM B 117. b) The PVC shall show no effect of exposure to ultraviolet light with test exposure of 3000 hrs. using apparatus ‘Type E and 63°C, as per ASTM D 1499 and G 23. ©) Evaluation of coating after salt spray and ultraviolet Exposure test: after the salt spray test and exposure to Ultraviolet light, the PVC coating shall not show cracks or noticeable change of colour, or blisters or splits. In ‘addition, the specific gravity, tensile strength, hardness and resistance to abrasion shall not change more than 16%, 25%, 10% and 10% respectively from their intial values. 8) The PVC Coating shall not show cracks or breaks after the wires are twisted in fabrication of the mesh. Note: The above properties of PVC Coating are based on the Test Certificate provided by the Manufacturer. ‘The above specifications for PVC Coated Gabions are subject to change as per the manufacturer's or end users’ recommendations. peer Eadala Rakesh Reddy och NTU Teh nds VSSU, at), nee U angun AE, HR, HS MUCH IC) Managing Director EE Engineering Construction Services we EE Engineering Cons n Servi GG .¥ F : “aay PRODUCT TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Eadala Rakesh Reddy Essen a, nes SU 20 MINICEE (UT Kanpur) AMIE, MIRO, MIGS, MMGKC {NMICG) Managing Director EE Engineering Construction Services ‘SPECIFICATION FOR ZINC + PVC COATED GABIONS Gabion Type ‘Mechanically woven, Double Twisted, Hexagonal Mesh ] Specifications: ‘Shaped, Zinc + PVC Coated Gabion Mesh Type mm 100 X 120 i EN10223 -3 ‘Mesh Opening ‘D’ mm 100 1EN10223 - 3 Mesh Tolerance 16% to 4% EN10223 - 3 Unit Dimensions LxWxH Tolerances: Length, Width and Heigth +/- 5% ‘ASTM A975 Characteristics: Zinc+ PVC Coated Mesh Wire Dia, Mm 27 (.Dy3.7 (0D) "| EN10223- 3 Tolerance (+/-) mm 0.08 BS1052 Zn Coating Min (gsm) 260 BS 443 ‘Selvedge Wire Dia. Mm 34 (LOy/4.4 (0.0) 1EN10223 - 3 Tolerance (+/-) mm 0.10 BS1052 ‘Zn Coating Min (gsm) 275 7 Bs 443 Lacing Wire Dia mm_ 22 (1D)/3.2 0.0.) ‘ASTM A975 Tolerance (+/-) mm 0.06 BS1052 Zn Coating Min (gsm) EE 240 BS 443 PVC Thickness : ‘Nominal mm 0.50 ‘ASTM A975 Minimum mm 0.38 ‘ASTM A975 Galvanised Wire Characteristics PVC Coating Characteristics Test Value ‘Specification Test Value ‘Specification Tensile | 350t0500 | EN 1023-3 Hardness Between 50-60 | ASTM D 2240 ‘Strength Némem? ‘Shore ‘O" Elongation | 10% min | EN 10223-3 Colour Grey RAL 7037 | ASTM D 1482 been ere BS 443 Tensile Strength | 20.6 Mpa min ASTM D 412 Zn. z Specific Gravity | 1.3 to 1.35 ‘ASTM D 792 ‘Abrasion Res “=12% Wt. Loss | ASTM D 1242 Salt Spray Test No effect ‘ASTM 8 117 Exposure to UV No effect ASTMAS7S | E eS Eadala Rakesh Reddy 5B Tech (JUTUH),MTee-adal(VSSUT, Bur), ‘CEE (HT Kangr ANE, MRO, MUGS, MUGKC (ICS) Managing Director ss 5 § EE Engineering Construction Services “aus CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY ppt . Eadala Rakesh Reddy Foch NTU) MTech (SSL, Bie UINGEE (iT Kany AME, RO, WIS, MGHE (IC) ‘Managing Director EE Engineering Construction Services Zinc + PVC Coated Gabions : Installation Manual 2n + PVC Coated Gabions are manufactured from heavily galvanized steel wire Nettings. These nettings have a hexagonal ‘mesh with double twisting. For better performance of the gabions in marine areas and areas prone to highly acidic or alkaline environment, the gabions are also available with PVC coated galvanized wire netting. “These gabions are easy to install and the construction is rapid. The folowing installation guidelines should be followed as @ Guide to good practice to construct structures using Zn + PVC Coated gabions. 1. Foundation Preparation: ‘The ground surface aver which the gabions are to be laid should be inspected for any irregularities or weak pockets. It is recommended that the surface over which the gabions or fiter cloth Is placed should be even and firm. in case any irregularities or weak pockets are observed, they must be rectified by removing the weak soil and replacing by good granular material ‘Where the surface is very uneven or soft, a layer of sand or gravel of about 200mm thik. is recommended to provide a firm and even surface, Grade and compact the formation to correct line and level to the satisfaction of the Engineer In charge. 2 Assembling of the Gabions: For the purpose of easy transportation and handling during transportation, the Gabions are bundled and packed in 2 flat folded manner. Each box should be carefully opened out, laid flat and straightened out so that all the kinks and creases are removed. The sides and the diaphragm are then lfted vertical and laced together to form a box like structure. (Refer Fig.) ()) Gabion Mesh straightened and laid flat (li) The sides and diaphragm folded vertical to form a Gabion box 3. Lacing: ‘The sides and the diaphragms are laced together using the lacing wire provided, to form a gabion box. A lacing wire is a ‘metalic coated steel wire or metallic coated steel wire with PVC coating, used to assemble and interconnect empty units, to close end secure stone filed units and for internal stiffeners. (ASTM A975). “The selvedge wire along each edge Is laced to the adjacent selvedge wire to give @ continuous joint. A selvedge wire is defined as the terminal wire used to edge the wire mesh perpendicular to the double twist, by mechanically wrapping the ‘mesh wires around it atleast 2.5 times or by inserting It throughout the twists and folding one mesh length. (ASTM A 975). “The lacing should be done with single loops and double loops alternately at intervals of one mesh length. Secure the ends of the lacing wire in triple loops and turn the ends of the wire Into the box. Several boxes can be laced together and then ‘moved to place, ne hy oy alee ‘Ryo? 8 Tech (NTUH), MTech-Madal (VSSUT, But), INT Karp AME, ERO, MIS, MUGKG (UC) Managing Director 4) Laying of Gabions: ‘The adjoining gabions shall be firmly wired together to give @ continuous joint along all edges. The lacing should be selvedge wire to selvedge wire along adjoining edges and selvedge to mesh wire otherwise. The lacing should be done in sirviar manner as for lacing of the edges and diaphragms |.e. alternate single and double loops at one mesh length Interval. The ‘ends of the lacing wire should end in triple loop and turned into the gabion. The lacing should be continuous and not in Inaividual loops. Its easy to lace the gabions when they are empty. Every box should be laced to the box below and behind it, so that the whole structure is interconnected. All adjoining empty

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