SARVAJANIK EDUCATION SOCIETY

SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY SURAT

affiliated with
Gujarat Technological University
AHMEDABAD
P. G. CENTER IN
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Graduate Report on

“URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN

CONTEXT”

In the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of

MASTER OF ENGINEERING (TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING) – I
SEMESTER – II
Under the subject of
URBAN PLANNING TECHNIQUES AND PRACTICES
(SUBJECT CODE:3724801)

Prepared by:
JARIWALA POOJA BIPINCHANDRA (180420748006)
M. E. (TCP) – I, Semester – II

Under the guidance of

Prof. Sejal S. Bhagat

Assistant Professor in FCE

Prof. Zarana H. Gandhi

Ad –Hoc Assistant Professor in FCE
Academic Year:2018-2019

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 1

 CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 3
2 WHAT IS LAND MANAGEMENT? ................................................................................ 4
2.1 Need to Effectively Manage Growth .......................................................................... 4
3 STATE-LED MECHANISMS FOR PLANNING AND SERVICING URBAN LAND .. 5
4 TOWN PLANNING SCHEME, GUJARAT STATE ........................................................ 6
5 LAND POOLING SCHEME – AMARAVATI, ANDHRA PRADESH........................... 8
6 LAND POOLING POLICY-DELHI ................................................................................ 10
7 NAVI MUMBAI AIRPORT INFLUENCE NOTIFIED AREA SCHEME
(NAINASCHEME, NAVI MUMBAI, MAHARASHTRA) ................................................... 11
8 Joint Development Model (JDM) Haryana ...................................................................... 13
9 TRANSFER OF DEVELOPMENT/ACCOMMODATION RESERVATION RIGHTS
(TDR/AR) ................................................................................................................................ 15
10 Guided Land Development Scheme (GUD): Madras Model ....................................... 17
11 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE MECHANISMS TO PLAN AND
SERVICE URBAN LAND IN INDIA .................................................................................... 18
12 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 19
13 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 20

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 2

 INTRODUCTION

Rapidly urbanizing Indian cities need mechanisms to ensure that land is acquired, planned, and
serviced with adequate infrastructure and social amenities, to prevent the occurrence of
haphazard urban expansion and under-provisioned inner-city areas.Such mechanisms should
help government agencies recover their costs through land value capture, a method by which
agencies recover part of the increase in the value of private property after it is serviced by new
public infrastructure. Looking beyond the conventional practice of compulsory land
acquisition, this describes six state-led mechanisms to acquire, plan and service land along with
land value capture techniques. The unique background of each case is described, along with its
characteristics, process, strengths and challenges and the impact of each. The mechanisms were
found to have the potential to acquire, plan, and service land in infill contexts and urban
extensions; better implement city master plans; share financial risks with land owners and
private developers; and provide models to states. Although no one mechanism can be used
universally, these mechanisms can be adapted across different contexts with modifications.

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 3

 WHAT IS LAND MANAGEMENT?

“Land management” is defined as an activity on the ground, using appropriate technologies in

the respective land use systems. It is known by different names in different parts of the world;
basically all are land management tools. In India land management is based on the policies of
Economic Liberalization (1991)) and Democratic Decentralisation (1993) together with ever
increasing shortage of urban land. Strong land owner opposition to forcible land acquisition,
combined with extremely limited fiscal capacity has left the urban local bodies (ULBs) with
very few options to develop well-planned and serviced urban land. Land pooling and
reconstitution (LPR) is a tool that addresses both these issues by allowing the land owners to
share the gain in the land value post provision of infrastructure and services. In lieu, the land
owners pay betterment charges and contribute a part of their land to fund the infrastructure and
services.

2.1 Need to Effectively Manage Growth

Cities and towns are crucial to the economic wellbeing of India. For this, it is imperative that
its cities and towns are transformed and pressures of new growth are dealt with so that they are
more livable, efficient, and environmentally sustainable. Only then will the rapid pace of
economic growth that India is undergoing be sustained and the targets of environmental
sustainability of the world achieved. To manage the transformation of India’s cities and towns
and effectively manage new growth requires effective urban planning protocols, processes, and
institutions underpinned by effective legislation. To effectively manage the new growth implies
that the agricultural land at the periphery of the cities and towns or smaller settlements that are
not yet “urban” is transformed to be made suitable for urban or non-agricultural uses. This
essentially means that the irregular landholdings and plots will have to be given regular shapes;
they must be ordered; each plot must be given access; infrastructure services such as water
supply and drainage must be provided; land must be appropriated for providing roads, parks,
social amenities, and low-income housing, development controls must be prescribed to result
in a good quality-built form and levy development or betterment charges to offset the cost of
developing the physical and social infrastructure. But most importantly, all of this must happen
in a timely manner and such that it is acceptable to the “landowners” to avoid conflict in the
growth management process.

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 4

 STATE-LED MECHANISMS FOR PLANNING AND SERVICING
URBAN LAND
With the enactment of LARR Act 2013 the rights of the persons dependent on the land are
protected and the government is duty bound to give fair compensation and to rehabilitate the
displaced. Neither the government is not administratively prepared to meet the challenges
posed by the new process, nor is the people keen to get their land acquired. This has resulted
in acquisition authorities finding other ways and means to get land. Some of the important
alternatives to land acquisition are discussed in the following3 along with their key advantages
and disadvantages.

The strategies available for access to urban land could be:

 Town Planning Schemes and Land Pooling

 Town Planning Scheme - Gujarat
 Land Pooling Scheme – Andhra Pradesh
 Land Pooling Policy - Delhi
 Land Adjustment/Sharing Mechanism
Navi Mumbai Airport Influence Notified Area Scheme (Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra)
 Negotiated Land Acquisition
 Negotiated Land Acquisition Policy-Naya Raipur
 Transfer of Development/Accommodation Reservation Rights (TDR/AR)
 Transfer Development Rights Mumbai, Maharashtra
 Guided land Development
 Cluster Redevelopment Scheme (CRS): Mumbai, Maharashtra
 Guided Land Development Scheme (GUD): Madras Model
 Private Sector Involvement
 Joint Development Model (JDM) Haryana
 Other Important Schemes
 Land Pooling Policy- Punjab
 New Land Acquisition Policy-Uttar Pradesh
 Ghaziabad Joint Venture Model
 Bihar Land Acquisition Policy- Aao Bihar

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 5

 TOWN PLANNING SCHEME, GUJARAT STATE

In Gujarat town planning scheme, land can be acquired for providing open spaces, roads, parks,
recreation and parking spaces or construction, alteration and removal of buildings, bridges,
lighting, water supply, preservation of objects of historical or national interest or natural beauty
etc. The government authority temporarily brings together a group of land owners who
voluntarily pool their land. The GTPUD Act allows up to 50% of land pooled for public
purposes and the remaining land is returned as reconstituted final plots to the landowners. The
authority demands the increment in land values and contribution to be made by landowners for
the land value increments as betterment levies. Therefore, in TPS, as a compensation for the
surrendered land, the landowners get back a percentage of land as a reconstituted plot. Under
land pooling policy of Gujarat, rights of individual and group owners have been recognized as
they are compensated through developed land in proportion to surrender land. However, the
rights of landless people are unclear and subject to the discretion of the authority.
Advantages
 The legal framework for Gujarat TPS provides a fairly strong, with built in schemes for
tabulation of plot details, its cost and compensation as well as provision for raising
objections and suggestions at various stages;
 TPS ensure that owners receive reconstituted plots within their original sites and great
efforts are taken to ensure the same to a maximum number of people;
 As TP scheme sits within the larger framework of the Development Plan, it is an approach
to accessing land and also serves as a revenue source to the development authorities.
 Self-financing as revenues from sale of reserved plots, supplement betterment charges, and
act as a hedge against increase in construction cost.
Disadvantages
 It is not suitable for quick and large scale development of land.
 It does not have any provision for rehabilitation of the landless Project Affected
People(PAP).
 Administrative/procedural delays and public appeasements, delay the implementation of
TPS within the stipulated time period. The process has become too centralized and time
consuming as powers to approve and sanction the various stages of TPS
 It is observed that owners of the land at the urban fringes are not necessarily the poor rural
farmers.
 Timelines proposed in the regulatory framework are far too long.

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 6

 The significant land assets generated by the local authority are not managed in an
appropriate manner.

Figure 1 Flowchart for the Town Planning Scheme (TPS), Gujarat State

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 7

 LAND POOLING SCHEME – AMARAVATI, ANDHRA PRADESH

This land acquisition policy was for the development of new capital city as with the bifurcation
of Andhra Pradesh, the government decided to set up a Greenfield capital named Amravati
through a land pooling scheme, using the powers conferred through the Andhra Pradesh Capital
Region Development Authority Act 2014 and Andhra Pradesh Capital City Land Pooling
Scheme Rules, 2015.TPS of Gujarat strives to allocate final reconstituted plots to owners where
they lost it; this is not the case in LPS Amravati as land could be allocated elsewhere within a
5 km radius of the original land. In this LPS, land parcels owned by individuals or group of
owners are legally consolidated by transfer of ownership rights to the Authority, which later
transfers the ownership of a part of the land back to the land owners on completion of scheme,
through draw. As compensation to the land surrendered, the landowners get reconstituted land
based on the type of land and its ownership status. For every acre of land surrendered,
landowners get 25% of land in case of dry land and 27% in case of wet land. Families residing
in the areas under LPS are entitled to get monetary benefits such as one-time agriculture loan
waiver and interest free loans for a fixed amount to all poor families for self-employment. As
per the scheduled timeline in the LPS rules of Andhra Pradesh Capital City, the government
could build a land bank of about 33,000 acres using Land Pooling Scheme in less than a year
which is the largest experiment of land pooling scheme in the country.
Advantages
 The mechanism has detailed provisions explaining the entire process which lays
pressure on completing the process in an efficient, systematic, participatory and time
bound manner;
 The legislative framework for the scheme has provisions to seek consent from
interested parties or landowners to participate in the scheme and solicit suggestions and
objections from the landowners at various stages of the scheme;
 The scheme upholds individual rights, group tenure rights and rights of the landless and
offers compensations to the landless families as well and ensures reconstituted plots in
proximity to the original land or within 5 kms radius of original plot.
Disadvantages
 While the process is systematically described in the supporting legislations, the
provision for addressing the complaint is weak as there is no dedicated grievance
redressal technique and one has to approach the court in case of conflicting issues.

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 8

  The scheme does not restrict fertile agriculture lands from being taken up for the capital
city development.

Figure 2 Flowchart for the Land Pooling Scheme (LPS), Amravati, Andhra Pradesh State

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 9

 LAND POOLING POLICY-DELHI

In Delhi, Land Acquisition, Development and Disposal Policy is in operation since 1961. The
new land policy introduced in 2013 is based on the concept of land pooling. This Land Policy
is adopted to ensure speedy development of Master Plan Roads, other essential infrastructure
and to ensure inclusive development by adequate provision of EWS and other housing as per
Shelter Policy of the Master Plan.
The Delhi Land Pooling Policy, DDA acts as a facilitator with minimum intervention and
allows land owner or a group of land owners or developer entity (DE) to pool land. DE is
responsible for assembly and surrender of land to DDA. Thereafter, preparation of layout
plans/detailed plans as per the provisions of the Master Plan and the policy and seeking
approval from the DDA starts, once the land is allotted to it which is within 5km of original
land.
The DE will have to develop sector roads/internal roads/services, infrastructure facilities,
roads, parks etc. Prescribed built up space/DU for EWS/LIG housing component has to be
returned to DDA as per the Policy by the DE. The DE will also be responsible for the timely
completion of development and its maintenance with all the neighbourhood level facilities till
the area is handed over to the concerned Municipal Corporation for maintenance. According
to Delhi Land Pooling Model, for land assembly and development with DE, two categories
have been proposed for land assembly. If the pooled land is 20 Ha and above, 60% of the land
will be returned by DDA and if it is below 20 ha (but above 2 ha) 48% of the land will be
returned. Under land pooling policy of Delhi, rights of individual and group owners have been
recognized as they are compensated through developed land in proportion to surrendered land.
However, the rights of landless people are unclear and subject to the discretion of the authority.
This scheme is yet to take off due to administrative delays.
Advantages
1. Infrastructure is provided in coordinated way.
2. Partial cost is recovered through betterment charges.
3. Land for public and community purposes is acquired without direct expenses.
4. Landowners share the project cost and benefits by increased property prices.
Disadvantages
1. Delay can take place in process of preparation, approval and implementation specially
relating to transfer of land to DDA and vice versa.
2. DE is uncertain about the place where land will be allotted to them for development.

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 10

 NAVI MUMBAI AIRPORT INFLUENCE NOTIFIED AREA SCHEME
(NAINASCHEME, NAVI MUMBAI, MAHARASHTRA)
CIDCO, a special planning authority appointed by the government of Maharashtra evolved a
new scheme for its proposed Greenfield airport influence area in Navi Mumbai. Navi Mumbai
Airport Influence Notified Area (NAINA), demarcated a radial distance of about 25 skims
around the Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA) and covers an area of 561 skims.
While the land for the core airport area would be compulsorily acquired, the NAINA would be
developed through a participatory model referred as the NAINA scheme on 60:40 voluntary
participation models. In the NAINA scheme CIDCO, intimates the landowners about the
NAINA scheme for aggregating lands of minimum 7.5 Ha. For areas within the urban villages
and within 200 meters of the urban villages, the minimum land area for aggregation is 4 Ha.
Landowners who are willing to participate in the NAINA scheme surrender 40% of the land
free of cost to CIDCO. In case of NAINA Scheme having areas between 7.5 ha and less than
10 ha, 50% land will have to be surrendered to authority. If more land area is affected by
reservations, landowner is to be compensated for loss of land in excess than the land to be
surrendered as stated above, by way of TDR.
The landowners carry out developments on the land component in their possession as per the
stipulated norms of CIDCO and plots could be sold in the open market, whereas CIDCO
develops the land surrendered. Development of individual plots outside NAINA scheme
developments have Floor Space Index of 0.5 and land for infrastructure developments will be
acquired compulsorily using the provisions of LARR Act, 2013. Compensation under this
scheme is in the form of permissible FSI i.e. 1.7 for a land aggregation of 7.5 Ha, 2 for 7.5 to
10 Ha; 1.7 for 10 Ha to 25 Ha; 1.8 for 25 Ha to 40 Ha and 1.9 for more than 40 Ha. In case of
land acquisition of more than 40% from any landowners, they are given option of TDR or
monetary compensation.
Advantages
 In these schemes, landowners are incentivized through additional FSI free of cost for
providing affordable housing components, which are to be sold to the authority at a
predetermined rate.
 It is a win-win proposition, as the post development benefits are shared between the
government and landowners. The landowners losing over 40% of land are given options
to choose compensation which includes either monetary compensations or TDR.
 Provision of EWS/LIG housing can be provided as per norms.

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 11

Disadvantages
 Participation of PAP in formulation and implementation of plans is not clearly defined
in scheme and resettlement strategies for the landless PAPs are not reflected.
 The scheme does not have a conflict redressal mechanism to address issues that crop
up during the development process.

Figure 3 Flowchart for the Navi Mumbai Airport Influence Notified Area (NAINA) Scheme,
Navi Mumbai,

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 12

 JOINT DEVELOPMENT MODEL (JDM), HARYANA

JDM of Haryana enabled through Haryana Development and Regulation of Urban Areas
(HDRUA) Act, 1975 formulated to regulate ill-planned and haphazard urban growth in
Haryana, permits private developers a formal entry into the process of urban development. This
act allows private developers in collaboration with the Haryana Urban Development Authority
(HUDA) to carry out large scale land development works in the urban areas of the state.
The private developer obtains land in specified area from the landowners directly at negotiated
market prices and applies for a license to colonize. The authority enquires about extent, location
and title etc. of land and the conformity of the proposed scheme with planning proposals. The
authority grants license to the colonizer and he prepare layout plans for concerned areas,
considering the space norms specified in the city’s development plan. The trunk infrastructure
amenities are developed by the HUDA using the external development charges paid by the
colonizer. Social facilities have to be constructed by the private developer.
Additionally, the private developer has to reserve land for roads, open spaces and common
facilities. The private developers have to maintain roads, open spaces, public parks and public
health services for five years from the date of issue of completion certificate. Such
developments are transferred to the government free of cost to competent authorities. As per
Govt. policies dated 08 and 09.02 2016, the colonizer shall provide 12% area of the colony free
of cost to the Govt. for EWS housing. The colonizer will transfer 10% area of the licensed
colony free of cost to the Govt. for provision of community facilities.
Advantages
 Provision of housing for the economically weaker sections is integrated into the
development of group housing and plotted colony development.
 The model ensures that adequate educational, health, recreational and cultural amenities
as per the norms provided in the Development Plan of the Area provided by private
developer.
 By bringing in private developers in urban development works, the financial burden of
developing infrastructure amenities is transferred from the Govt. to the private
developers.
Disadvantages
 Being a land development model only, the mechanism does not have provisions for
skill development or other compensation strategies for those whose land is taken by
developers.

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 13

  The original landowners do not gain the benefits of land value increment, and the
landless project affected families are left out in the process as their rights are not
recognized;
 There is no internal grievance redressal system for the mechanism and it lacks public
participation in the development of the colonies;
 The model is reality driven and state cannot initiate or prioritize the development.

Figure 4 Flowchart for the Joint Development Model (JDM), Haryana State

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 14

 TRANSFER OF DEVELOPMENT/ACCOMMODATION
RESERVATION RIGHTS (TDR/AR)
TDR is a technique of land development which separates the development potential of a
particular parcel of land from it and allows its use elsewhere within the defined zones of the
city. TDR is generally used as a technique for redevelopment and reconstruction of inner city
zones. TDR involves purchasing development rights usually from areas where development is
to be discouraged and using them to develop land in another area where more development is
desired.
In TDR scheme, if the owner does not agree to surrender his area required by a public authority
for any public purpose and demands monetary compensation, then the public authority may
acquire such area by providing compensation as per the provisions of the Right of Fair
Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act,
2013 (Central Act 30 of 2013) or any other law prevailing at the time.
Advantages
 TDR scheme allows full potential development on the sites with high development
potential (such as those sites with better infrastructure, proximity, and site
characteristics) while preserving those sites which either need to be preserved or have
poor site characteristics and infrastructure.
 The mechanism is efficient in providing the necessary infrastructure services to a
heavily congested area, TDR is wherein offered to a private entity for building the
infrastructure;
 The mechanism enables supply of BUA free of cost for resettlement of transit tenements
and affordable housing tenements in Greater Mumbai.
Disadvantages:
 There is no separate grievance redressal system in place, as the appeals and complaints
are being dealt by the State government or an officer appointed by the State
government;
 The land owners are expected to agree to transfer their DR from high value area to a
low value area without any weightage for the price differential. This would mean that
landowners would in certain cases get development rights on a land parcel of lesser
market value than the land they had surrendered to the authority;
 The process does not mandate any public participation and hence the decisions and
information on the use of TDR details are not easily accessible to the general public;

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 15

  Absorptive capacity and appropriate physical infrastructure provisions in the zones that
receive additional FSI through TDR are not assessed.

Figure 5 Flowchart for the Accommodation Reservation and Transferable Development

Rights (AR-TDR),MAHARASHTRA

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 16

 GUIDED LAND DEVELOPMENT SCHEME (GUD): MADRAS
MODEL
Prior to the concept of Guided Urban Development, the Madras Metropolitan Development
Authority (MMDA) undertook its land development schemes through compulsory acquisition
under the Land Acquisition Act (1894). Due to various reasons MMDA has not been
particularly successful in providing access to land for a wide range of socio-economic groups.
The mode of partnership in the Madras Development Model is public sector and private
developers. The role of public sector is to formulate guidelines and physical development
standards. Advertising, evaluation and selection of private developers are also the role of public
sector. Public sector provides essential off-site infrastructure such as roads, water supply and
electricity. It purchases the EWS and LIG plots from the developers at a fixed price, and assigns
these plots to the target group. While private developers carry out land assembly for the project
and provide on-site services including water supply, sewerage, roads, drainage etc. After this
developer’s handover the project roads and open space to the MMDA.Developer disposes of
all non-LIG and EWS plots at prices fixed by them.
Advantages
 Sufficient space can be prepared for infrastructure to accommodate the expected
growth in population. Retrofitting infrastructure in the future would likely be much
more expensive and complicated.
 It provides an incentive for private developers to build and invest in these places.
 GUD is perhaps the most proactive of all the options in some urban areas for preparing
the urban/rural fringe for inevitable growth.
 It is less costly than outright land acquisition.
Disadvantages
 Guided land is often burdened with difficulties on the ground as this model depends on
the consent of the land-owners. It cannot be applied in areas with fragmented
landownership, lack of owners’ will and consensus.

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 17

 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE MECHANISMS
TO PLAN AND SERVICE URBAN LAND IN INDIA

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 18

 CONCLUSION

India has a land planning history that dates back since 1824. Initially the process was
strategized by the British government to make available land for public infrastructure and
services. Though the legislations have been amended several times the procedure remains the
same. Land pooling, reconstitution and plotting are land management tools which needs to be
effectively shaped to achieve a planned development. The study points out that the basic ideas
and principles are been used under different names supported by various legislations in parts
of India for the past 20 decades. A single process consolidating the pros and eliminating the
cons of all these techniques supported by a strong legal set up need to be modeled which could
be applied to all Indian cities. The success of TPS in Gujarat shows that similar schemes with
modifications can be applied to all other Cities in India.

Land is a free gift of nature. But the critical factor associated with land is its relative scarcity.
Planning and management can play a significant role in the fulfilments of future land needs.
Planning potentially has the ability to orchestrate a number of tools so that land supply and
land demand can be brought into balance.

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 19

 REFERENCES

 Ansari, Jamal H. 2001. “Urban Land Management Policies in Asian Cities.” Paper
presented at a Seminar for Securing Land for Urban Poor, Fukuoka, Japan. In Securing
Land for Urban Poor. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) and
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific, 35-49.
 Chari, Mridula. 2015. “Land Pooling Strategy for the New Andhra Capital Could
Become a Model for India’s Smart Cities.” Scroll.in, August 12.
 State-Led Alternative Mechanisms to Acquire, Plan And Service Land For
Urbanisation In India, By Rejeet Mathews, Madhav Pai, Tintu Sebastian, and
Souhardhya Chakraborty - Jul 2018

URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-IN INDIAN CONTEXT 20