is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter.

It is
categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition and the way in which it is
formed. Rocks are usually grouped into three main groups: igneous rocks, metamorphic
rocks and sedimentary rocks.

are formed from the solidification of molten rock material. There are two basic types.

crystallize below Earth's surface, and the slow

cooling that occurs there allows large crystals to form. Examples of intrusive igneous
rocks are diorite, gabbro, granite, pegmatite, and peridotite.

erupt onto the surface, where they cool quickly to

form small crystals. Some cool so quickly that they form an amorphous glass. These
rocks include andesite, basalt, dacite, obsidian, pumice, rhyolite, scoria, and tuff.

are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of small particles
and subsequent cementation of mineral or organic particles on the floor of oceans or
other bodies of water at the Earth's surface. Sedimentation is the collective name for
processes that cause these particles to settle in place. The particles that form a
sedimentary rock are called sediment, and may be composed of geological
detritus(minerals) or biological detritus (organic matter)

is a type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure. Its name is
from 'morph' (meaning form), and 'meta' (meaning change).

The original rock gets heated (temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C) and pressured
(1500 bars). This causes profound physical and/or chemical change. The original rock
may be sedimentary rock, igneous rock or another older metamorphic rock.

Igneous Rocks
 is an igneous, volcanic rock, of felsic composition. It may have any
texture from glassy to aphanitic to porphyritic.
-Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock.

-Scoria is a highly vesicular, dark colored volcanic rock that may or may not contain crystals.

-Basalt is a mafic extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich
lava exposed at or very near the surface of a terrestrial planet or a moon.

-Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to

porphyritic texture.

-Diorite a speckled, coarse-grained igneous rock consisting essentially of plagioclase, feldspar, and
hornblende or other mafic minerals.

-Gabbro is a phaneritic, mafic intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling of magnesium-rich
and iron-rich magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath the Earth's surface.

-Granite is a light-colored igneous rock with grains large enough to be visible with the unaided eye.

-Pegmatites are extreme igneous rocks that form during the final stage of a magma's crystallization.

-Peridotite is a dense, coarse-grained igneous rock consisting mostly of the minerals olivine and
pyroxene.