£59 OY “ c- A universal motor has a total resistance of 0.5 ©, when fed from 200V, SOHz, ac supply it draws 10 A at 0.6 power factor and runs at 1500 rpm. If a compensation coil having an inductance of 10 mH is connected in series with the armature winding, the motor draws the same current at 0.8 power factor to produce the same torque. Determine: i- The motor speed after connecting the compensation coil ‘The mutual inductance between the compensation coil and the armature windings. (8 Marks) 5) a Sketch the torque-speed curves for the following motors: i- Capacitor-start capacitor-run single-phase induction motor. Single-phase synchronous reluctance motor. iii- DC servo motor 3 Marks) b- Determine the step size for the following stepper motors: i- Three stakes, 4 poles, 6 teeth/pole, Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor. ji- Four phase, 2 stator poles/phase, Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor. iii- Single stake, 8 rotor poles, 3-phase, Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor. (3 Marks) © The shaft torque of a single-phase, 4-pole, induction motor is 0.82 Nm at motor speed of 1710 rpm, when the motor operates from 110V, 60Hz supply at 0.6 power factor. The motor efficiency is 60% and the rotational losses are 37 W. Assume that stator resistance is 20, determine the input current and the values of Rrand Rs. (8 Marks) 6) The equivalent-circuit parameters in ohm per phase for a two-phase, 220V, 1.0 kW, four poles, 60Hz, induction motor are: Ri= 0.78, R= 4.2, Xi=X2=53 and Xq=93 If Vq=22020° and Vp = 2202-65° i- Find the starting torque, ji- If the motor runs at speed of 1737 rpm, find the developed torque and the motor efficiency, rotational losses may be neglected. iii- While the motor is running phase B is open-circuited. Determine the developed torque at same motor speed. What is the voltage appears across the open phase-B terminals in this case? (17 Marks) Good Luck Prof. Dr. Ibrahim El-Arabawy Prof. Dr. Mohamed Magdy AhmedAlexandria University Ayia daly Faculty of Engineering it ix Electrical Engineering Dept. Raps aig Third Year (Power Section) 2 (osthas) eae Final Exam. (June 2012) nee Electrical Machines III coe Time Allowed: 3 hr. Answer All Questions: 1) _ In case of 3-phase unbalanced rotor currents ig, iy and ic , find a unitary transformation ‘matrix C to transform these currents to symmetrical components jp, in and ip. Write the steps for calculating the resultant torque for this case of unbalanced operation when the machine is connected to 3-wire system. (15 Marks) 2) Use the generalized machine theory to obtain the steady-state performance of the single- phase repulsion motor. The solution should include: a The impedance matrix of the basic commutator-type machine. b- Transient impedance matrix for the repulsion motor. c- Steady-state impedance matrix for the motor. 4. Steady-state current and torque for the motor. (15 Marks) 3) For a balanced polyphase induction machine, represented in the matrix equation transformed to the stationary-reference-axes order D, Q, d, q, find in sufficient steps an equivalent circuit: i- for polyphase supply voltages, ii- for unbalanced two-phase (or split-phase) induction machine, iii- for single-phase induction motor. (15 Marks) 4) a- State whether the following statements are TRUE or False i- Permanent magnet stepper motors produces less torque per ampere stator current than variable-reluctance stepper motors, ji- In switched reluctance motor, positive torque (motoring) is produced only when positive current flows through phase winding. iii- The magnetizing reactance for linear induction motors is higher than that of rotary induction motor. G Marks) b- A single-phase synchronous reluctance motor operating at rated voltage and frequency hhas a torque angle of 250 when delivering its rated torque. Determine the motor maximum torque as percentage of its rated torque. (Marks)4. 16 marks 5 4s) 3 Lo ‘A BGHC rectifier bridge is supplying a load with a continuous and ripple-free current. Vin, Vig and Vax are the supply phase voltages. V; is the load voltage. a. Draw a sketch showing the load voltage vi. waveform for a thyristor firing angle a < 60°. b. What is the value of the control range of the thyristors? : c. What is the value of the thyristors conduction angle y? 4. Derive an expression of the average load voltage in terms of the maximum supply phase voltage Vz, and the thyristor firing angle a. e. Do we need to add a fice wheeling diode in parallel with the load? Why? f Ifl,=10A, sketch ig for a firing angle a < 60° and calculate its rms value. For the ac voltage controller circuit shown in figure, the ac source has an angular velocity « = 2 2 f, where fis the frequency and is given by: vs = Vm sin(ot) The thyristors are fired at a firing angle a. a Derive an expression of the load current i: in terms of the time, the circuit parameters, the source parameters as well as, the firing angle o. b. Derive an expression relating the thyristor conduction angle ¥ to its firing angle and the circuit parameters, ¢. What is the condition required to maintain control on the rms value of V,? d. Derive an expression for the rms value of the load voltage Vi. in terms of Vn, aand y, e. Derive and sketch the relation between y and @ for: * A pure resistive load «A pure inductive load, 16 marks page 2 of 2a University of Alexandria By sSY tale Faculty of Engineering deat ais Electrical Engineering Department BeAS oal s Thursday, the 14 of June 2012 YAY gay 1 en Industrial Electronics 1 Tips otjy St) 3 Year — Power Section Final Exam SB — WL ‘Time Allowed: 3 hour SULT: gpl The number of pages of this exam is TWO only Answer the following questions: 1. A power diode showed a reverse recovery time of 12 jis and a reverse recovery charge of 60 uC during its turn-off. Calculate a The maximum reverse current in the diode that is obtained after 8 ys from the zero current. b. The softness factor. Saris 2. The thyristor shown in figure has a latching current of 50 mA and a holding current of 40 mA. A gating pulse current i, of appropriate magnitude is used to fire the gy thyristor. Determine whether the thyristor will conduct ‘or not. In case of conduction, calculate the time of thyristor conduction. 10 marks -_ 3. A B2C circuit is shown in figure. The ac source k has a voltage given by: v= Vm sin (ot) = With an angular velocity @ = 2 x £, where fis the frequency. The thyristors are fired at an angle a, Zy LS [Je measured from the supply zero voltage crossing, a Derive an expression for the current drawn by the load ix, in terms of the circuit parameters, a, and the supply parameters assuming discontinuous conduction. b. Derive an expression relating the thyristor conduction angle 7 to its firing angle and the circuit parameters assuming discontinuous conduction ¢. Derive an expression of the average load voltage Vi, in case of discontinuous conduc - d. If V, = 220 V, f= SO Hz, R= 100,L =0.04 ‘H, a = 120°, for discontinuous conduction find the values of the thyristor conduction angle ¥, the average load voltage Vi, and the average current Ir. Examiner: Dr. Amr El Zawawi page I of 2 please turn-over1 oanstg : Shee a uciorO06 — ile} Figure 24) 5) “ i) Using the formula above calculate the number of luminaires required to reach 500 Lux for each type of luminaire. ii) If there is an energy restriction that the luminaires chosen does not exceed 17W/m’, show by calculations which type of luminaire you will choose and what is its W/m" ratio. iii) For the luminaire chosen in ii above sketch the meeting room in your exam paper, showing the layout of the luminaires in the false ceiling and the circuit connection to allow for three levels of lighting. Note that each circuit can take only from 7 to 9 luminaires, label circuits by numbers. Draw an illustrative diagram for an incandescent lamp and fluorescent lamp. Label the important features (no explanation is required). Given a single apartment with the following connected load: 5 Lighting cireuits each is 1400W. #4 Heaters each 1500W. #3 Air-conditioner units each 2500W. 2 Air-conditioner units each 4000W. #5 Socket circuits each 1500W. © 2 Washing machine each 2500W. + L stands for a light circuit. (16A each). + Sis for the socket circuit (20A each). 4 Pis for a power circuit feeding a washing machine or a dishwasher (one machine/ circuit 20A). + ACis for an air condition circuit, a 40A switch will feed a 2.5 kW split unit and a 60A switch will feed a 4kW split unit (one AC / circuit). His for heaters (one heater/ circuit 20A). * It is required to do the following: i) Design and draw the single line diagram of the apartment switch board draw a switch for each circuit in the apartment showing under it the load of each circuit in kW. ii)Based on your design above, calculate the total connected load of this apartment. iii) ‘The apartment has a microprocessor controller on its switch board that will implement maximum demand side management in form of a combined automatic level control and time of day rate. The maximum demand during day time (from 8 am to 10 pm) will be 30% of the connected load. ‘The maximum demand during night time will be 70% of the connected load (from 10pm to 8am). ‘The priority of operation during day time is up to 40% of light, up to 40% of power, air conditioners (not more than 2) and electric heaters. No washing machine or dishwasher is allowed to work. 4 The priority of operation during night time is 35% of light, 35% of power, air conditioners (not more than 4), washing machine, dishwasher and electric heaters. WRITE A DETAILED FLOW CHART THAT FULFILLS THE REQUIREMENTS STATED ‘ABOVE IN TERMS OF PERIORITY OF OPERATION. The flow chart should show the process of turing on and off the equipment in order to fulfill the criterion indicated above. iv)This apartment before applying the energy saving indicated above was consuming on the average ‘around 60% of its connected load for a period of 24 hours a day, all year long at a rate of 0.2LE/kwhr. ‘After applying the energy saving technique indicated above it was consuming around 25% of the connected load at a rate of 0.25LE/kwhr during day time and 60% of the connected load during night time at a rate of 0.13LE/kwHr. Calculate in LE the amount of saving per year. YOue Alexandria University Ay siseryt daly Faculty of Engineering Hasigl is Electrical Engineering Department Hag gS aig a June, 2012 Energy Conservation and Economies Wad iy BT cyst Third year (power section) ug oh tt aL) ‘Time allowed : 2 Hrs iota : Gas Answer the Following Questions: 1) Figure 1 shows the lighting system of a corridor in a Hotel. The corridor lighting has a Down Light luminaire with 2x26W compact Fluorescent amp (CFL) in addition to Down Light with 7W LED Jamps. Also shown is the lighting system in the room which consists of the same 7W LED light and wall mounted luminaires each with a 26W CFL in the balcony of the hotel room. There are 20 corridors over all in the hotel all are similar to the one in the diagram and each corridor has 15 rooms. Before doing renovation in this hotel, the following luminaires were installed: ‘ There was a 150W incandescent lamp instead of the 2x26W down light. ‘There was a SOW Halogen lamp instead of the 7W LED down light. % There was a 60W incandescent lamp instead of the 1x26W balcony light. Itis required to do the following: i) What does the number 830 next to the luminaire in Figure 1 means? }Calculate the number of each type of luminaire IN THE WHOLE HOTEL (2x26W, 1x7W,1x26W). iii) If this Hotel operates for 7000Hrs/year and the cost of electricity is 0.3LE/kWhr, calculate the savings of electricity due to luminaires replacement as indicated above. iv)If the cost of buying the luminaires is as follows: “ 2x26W (CFL) Down Light is 250LE. % Ix7W LED is 120LB. ‘© 1x26W (CFL) for balcony is 100LE. ‘What is the payback time for the whole group. 2) The Hotel shown in Figure 1 with 20 corridors and 15 rooms/corridor will have an HVAC system consisting of chillers, AHU and FCU. It is required to do the following: i) Draw a diagram showing the inside details only of a typical chiller system. Label important points. i) In your opinion this number of corridors and rooms requires how many chillers, AHU and FCU. Draw a single line diagram showing the connection of the chillers with the AHU and FCU (Draw each chiller as a block diagram). iii) Sketch in your exam paper the corridor of the hotel and a room showing the location of the FCU, AHU, duct work and air outlets. DO NOT MIX DRAWINGS, EACH ANSWER ABOVE SHOULD BE SEPARATE AND CLEARLY ANSWERS THE REQUIRED QUESTION. 3) Shown in Figure 2 is a large meeting room of length 18m and width 9m, with a 60emx60em false ceiling. The following types of luminaires are available: 4) 60x60 cm luminaire with 4x18W fluorescent lamps 840 each lamp is 1350 Lumens. b) 60x60 cm luminaire with 2x55W fluorescent lamps 840 each lamp is 4800 Lumens. ©) Down light with 2x42W CFL lamps 840, each lamp is 3200 Lumens. % The following formula can be used to calculate the required lamps and hence luminaires in a room to reach 500 lux. 500luxxRoom area O.35xLumens for each Lamp ‘Number of Lamps=- Please answer the following:/ Problem 3 (Cont.) (Find the closed loop poles of the digital system and comment on your results. (©)To investigate some design possibilities ,the gain of the discrete controller is made variable ( 0 < K <<). Draw the root locus and find the range of K for stability. x41) Note: Z(k") = 72s (4)In the figure let G(s) = a ‘T= sampling time=1 sec. It is desired that the s system exhibits deadbeat response to a unit step reference. (a)Can a controller be designed such that the system exhibits deadbeat response in one sample? (b)Design a controller D(z) such that the system exhibits deadbeat response in the minimum number of samples. (Compute the corresponding control sequence {u,}. (Will the controlled system show intersample ripples and why ? Controller Plant Page 2 of TWOAlexandria University Third Year Power Section Faculty of Engineering June 2012 Dept. of Electrical Engineering ‘Time: Three Hours ‘Automatic Control Engineering () Answer the Following Questions: (1) A unity feedback control system has a forward transfer function G(s K++) s(s+2\s+3) (a) Sketch the root locus for the system showing all the details. () Determine the minimum value of the damping ratio ¢ for a stable complex roots and the associated value of K. (©) Find K when the damping ratio of the complex roots is 0.9. (& What are the values of K that produce repeated roots for the closed loop characteristic equation? 2) A unity feedback control system has the forward transfer function G6) =-——* ayy t02s) () Draw the log magnitude phase diagram on the Nichols chart when K,=1. Find the ramp (velocity) error coefficient Ky in this case. () Find the closed loop maximum magnitude and the corresponding phase angle, the resonant frequency, and the systems bandwidth. (©) Find the gain margin and the phase margin of the system, (@) Find the value of K; that reduces the phase margin 030°. Find the new maximum magnitude and the new resonant frequency. (6) Design a suitable lag compensator that increases the system's phase margin to 55° while keeping the steady state accuracy of the system as in part (a) above. Find all the compensator parameters. G)In the figure shown, let G(s) = -L T=sampling time=0. 1 see, s (a)Design a proportional plus derivative controller such that the natural frequency of the closed loop is 4 rad/sec and the damping ratio is 0.5. ()Convert the continuous controller to a digital one using the bilinear transformation method . (©Write down the difference equation that would be implemented on the digital computer as the control algorithm. Page 1 of TWO P.T.0.Question (3) 15 marks a Onan R-X diagram, show the impedance radius vector of a line section having an impedance of 2.8 + j5.0 ohms. On the same diagram, show the operating characteristics of an impedance relay, a reactance relay, and a mho relay, each of which is adjusted to just operate for a zero- impedance short circuit at the end of the line section, Assume that the center of the mho relay’s operating characteristic lies on the line-impedance vector. b- A 138 KV line is connecting two buses A, B The line impedance is 0.2 + j 0.7 pu. Consider the directional distance mho relay located at A whose forward direction in the direction from bus A to bus B. Assume that there is line to line fault at the point F, which is located 0.7 pu distance away from A, The magnitude of the fault current is 1.2 pu. Assume that an are occurs during the fault whose length is 10.3 ft. The base quantities are given as 100 MVA, 138 kV. Consider only zone 1 and zone 2 protection and determine the following: ic The value of are resistance at fault point in ohms and in pu. {ie The value of impedance seen by the relay at fault, Assume that CT and PT ratios to be 500 /5.A and 69 kV/69 V, respectively. iii- The line impedance angle without and with are resistance. iv- Show graphically whether the relay will clear this fault instantaneously or with time delay. v- From your graph, what is the critical value of fault resistance that trips the Zone-2 relay? re ue where / is the arc length in ft and /is the fault ‘The following formula may be needed:, current in A. yuestion (4) 10 marks a ASO MVA 132/66 kV, A/Y 3-phase power transformer is protected by % differential relay. The current transformers CTs located on A and Y sides of the power transformer are 300/5 and 1200/5 respectively. The relay rated current is 1 A. Draw a neat schematic diagram for the system, Determine the relay operating coil current at full-load. ‘What is the current tap setting of the relay should be so that the relay doesn’t trip at full load? iv- Determine the minimum relay current setting to permit 25% overload, b- The neutral point of a 3-phase 20 MVA, 11 kV alternators is earthed through a resistance of 5 Ohms, The relay is set to operate when there is an out of balance current of 1.5 A. The CTs have a ratio of 1000/5. Calculate the percentage of winding protected. ii- Calculate the earthling resistance required to protect 90% of the winding. Good Luck Dr. Nabil Abbasy 4 )Alexandria University 3ed Year Power Group Faculty of Engineering Protection of Power Systems Electrical Engineering Department__ PART __Final Exam, June 2012 _ Question 1: Write down WHY (in not more than one sentence) (10 marks) Protection zones must be overlapping, fi- Primary and back protection must not be installed on the same station, iii The inverse minimum time over current relay (IDMT) provides faster primary protection than definite time over (DTOC) current relay. iv- Distance relays are not set for 100%. v- Plain impedance relay may be subject to both under-reach and over-reach, vi- A carrier system is required to receive simultaneous tripping signals for CBs at both ends of TL protected by impedance relays, vii-Biased beam differential protection provides better performance than simple differential protection. Vit __ When a generator is high resistance grounded, itis preferable to apply ground protection rather than phase protection. ix- Generators are usually not 100% stator phase protected. x- In transformer differential protection, CTs are connected in an opposite way to the connection of the power transformer itself. Question (2) (10 marks) fault urgent 500/5 500/8 ee }-—} fax ie A 4 an ery 150% 125% The shown figure represents a typical power system. If for discrimination the time grading margin between the relays is 0.6 s, calculate a- The trip time for relay 1 and b- The time setting multiplier (time dial setting) for relay 2. Use the characteristic shown in figure. The time setting multiplier of relay 1 is 0.3./ Q2: 15 Marks. . 2. The single-line diagram of a three-phase power system is shown in Fig.(2), the equipment ratings are given as follows; Gy: 100 MVA, 20kV, X* =X =]20% ,X°=j 5% , star solidly earthed G»: 100 MVA, 20kV, X’ =X =j25% ,X°=j 5% , star earthed through X= j 5% 1100 MVA, 20kV, X* =X =j20% ,X°=j 5% , star solidly earthed 100 MVA, 20 kV star solidly earthed/110 kV star solidly earthed .X =j 10% For+,-.0 : 100 MVA, 20 kV delta/140 kV star solidly earthed .X =] 10 % For +,-,0 seq. T,: 100 MVA, 20 kV star isolated /110 kV star solidly earthed .X =] 10 % For +,-,0 Transmission Line 1.and2: 110kV, X'=X =] 20% ,X°=j 50% Using the Bus impedance matrix. If a line-to-earth fault occurs at Bus1. Calculate : (a) The fault current in P.U in the phases (b) The current through transmission line in KA in phase a (c) The current from generator 3 during the fault in P.U in phase a Line 1 - 0% OO). Ts Fig.(2) BUS BUS2 Q3: 15 Marks 3.a. A two-bus system with Zpus given in per unit by; : 70.2 j0,09) Zeus - Y0.09 70.15] pu and V;=1p.u and V,= 0.97 p.u before fault i. A capacitor having a reactance of -j1.3 p.u is connected between bus 1 and earth, find the current through the capacitor and the bus bars voltages ii. A line of reactance of j0.15 p.u is connected between the buse 1 and bus 2, find the current through it and the bus bars voltages. iii. The line between bus 1 and bus 2 of j 0.238 p.u is removed , find the bus bars voltages. b. In the system of Fig.(3), consider that Eg: = 1.25 p.u, Eg = 1 p.u Ifa one-open- phase fault along the transmission line, find the phases current and the bus bars voltages Line; X'= X = 0.3 p.u X° =j0.6 p.u X° =] 0.0.5 pu Bus2 X°=j0.05p.u Fig.(3)Y Alexandria University 3” Year Power Section Faculty of Engineering Protection of Power Systems Electrical Engineering Department Final Exam,0.3.06.2012 Prof.Or.Fathy Mabrouk PARTI Time allowed :90 minutes Answer the following questions: Q1; 10 Marks 1. The single line diagram of a three-phase power is shown in Fig.(1) . Select a common of , 100 MVA and 20 KV on the generator side as base , draw an impedance diagram with ail impedances including the load impedance and sources voltages in P.U. The data is given as follows: : . 0 (Ay Fig.(1) G,: SOMVA,20 kV, X=j15 % Gz :75 MVA, 18 kV, X=j20% T, : 60 MVA, 20kV/66 kV, X= j10% T; :100 MVA, 20 kV/110 kV, X= j10 % Tz: 20 MVA, 66kV/110 KV ,X=j10% = Te= Ts =T MVA,110kV/33kV ,X= j20 % Line :X=j 24.2.0 feeders; Fy=Fa ;X=j 12.10 ,F,=F,=Fs,X= 5.4450 The load absorbs 40 MVA at 0.8 lagging power factor. (1)ZF ON 4.4. Given the periodic discrete square signal x(n] defined within a period by: xf} = 1 , -S. Use the8-point radix-2 decimation-in-time Fast Fourier Transform algorithm to find the spectrum of the diserete signal: ffn]=n+1 Sketch: i, The signal f[n] in the time domain fi, The magnitude of the Frequency Response (14pts) . 6. a, Prove the equation relating the analog and digital frequencies in the bilinear transformation . method ». Using the bilinear transformation method, design a second order IIR HPF having cut off frequency of 4 hz ( at 3db attenuation) and a sampling frequency of 10 khz, ‘The prototype used is an analog Butterworth filter. 7. a. From the methods of design of IIR digital filters, we have the Impulse Invariance method and the Step Invariance method . Explain the procedure of design in each case. (y=) O* STiOFa3i5 430 The sampling frequency = 20 Hz ¢. Repeat b. using the Step Invariance method, GOOD LUCKAlexandria University Ay jaisuy) dada, Faculty of Engineering Aaaigl AS Electrical Engineering Department eSB gh pu June, 2012 Yaa ‘Signal Processing for Power Systems AagoeS0) 5 sl) plaid Cl LY) aten Third Year Power es Time allowed: 3 Hours Cela 208 toa jh ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS : 1. a. The two discrete time signals x(n) and xa(n) are defined as: xi(n) = 2cos(2mn/5) & _x2(n) = 4 cos(4ze/5) ind and Plot one period of the following signals: xia), x2(n) , x1(2) — x2(n) , x1(n) . xo(n) and x9(2n-3). ii, Calculate the energy or average power of x(n). . A discrete time system has the impulse response h(n) given by: h(n) = 5(n) 0.3 B(n- 1) . Find a causal inverse system that recovers the input signal from the output signal. i Check if this inverse system is stable or not. (12 pts) 2. For the discrete time system shown, find and sketch: The impulse response h(n). ii, The step response h,(n). iii, The output y(n) when the input x(n) is: x(n)= (1, 1-1-1} xo) [sj fs L Hs y(n) (12 pts) 3.a, Determine the output of the LTI system described by the difference equation: y(n) — 5/6 y(n-l) + 1/6 y(n-2) = 2 x(n) where x(n) = u(n), y(-1) = 1, y-2)=-1. b. Realize the following discrete-time system using direct form I and parallel form. ‘ 3 H(e)=(-2")+-— On 0-2) F3eF (12pts)