Handbook of

Psychrometric Charts
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Handbook of
Psychrometric
Charts
Humidity diagrams for engineers

D.C. SHALLCROSS
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of Melbourne
Melbourne, Australia

BLACKIE ACADEMIC eX PROFESSIONAL

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Published by Blackie Academic and Professional, an imprint of Chapman & Hall,
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First edition 1997

© 1997 D.C. Shallcross

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1997

ISBN-13: 978-94-010-6500-9 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-0027-1

DOl: 10.1 007/978-94-009-0027-1

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 3 Physical Property Data 19
3.1 Compositions of Air, Natural Gas and Other
Mixtures 19
3.2 Molecular Weights, Critical Point Data and
Contents the Acentric Factor 19
3.3 Second Virial Coefficients 21
3.4 Second Virial Cross Coefficients 22
3.5 Third Virial Coefficients 23
3.6 Third Virial Cross Coefficients 24
3.7 Vapour Pressure 24
Preface vi 3.8 Isothermal Compressibility 25
3.9 Ideal Gas Heat Capacity 26
Nomenclature viii 3.10 Molar Volume of Condensed Phase 27
3.11 Latent Heat of Vaporization 28
1 Fundamental Aspects of Psychrometry 1 3.12 Condensed Phase Enthalpy 29
1.1 Introduction 1 3.13 Henry's Law Constants 31
1.2 Humidity Definitions 2
1.3 Layout of the Psychrometric Charts 4 4 The Psychrometric Charts 34
1.4 Example Applications 6
References 310
2 Construction of the Charts 10
2.1 Vapour Phase Behaviour 10 Index of Psychrometric Charts 312
2.2 Construction of the Saturation Line 11
2.3 Construction of Curves of Constant Relative Index 316
Humidity 12
2.4 Construction of Curves of Constant Specific
Volume 13
2.5 Calculation of Specific Enthalpy 14
2.6 Construction of Curves of Constant Adiabatic
Saturation Temperature 14
2.7 Construction of Enthalpy Deviation Curves 15
2.8 Chart Preparation 17

Preface
Psychrometric charts are used to predict the thermodynamic data for
gas mixtures in which one of the components of the gas may
readily condense. While the most important system for which the
charts are prepared is water vapour in air there is nothing in the
theory behind their development which restricts their preparation to
this system.
In 1992 when I began teaching the use of psychrometric charts
to the chemical engineering undergraduate students at the University
of Melbourne I wanted to demonstrate to the class that the
principles behind the construction of such charts could be applied
to almost any gas-vapour system. I found the number of
psychrometric charts available for systems other than water vapour
in air to be extremely limited. I therefore set out to construct the
charts for myself. This book as well as the two journal papers
which preceded it are the result of the work (Shallcross and Low,
1994; Shallcross, 1995). During the process I have confirmed that
the availability of psychrometric charts for non-conventional
systems is indeed extremely limited.
The word 'psychrometer' is derived from the Greek words for
'cold' and 'measure'. It literally means a device to measure
coldness and first entered the English language in the 18th century.
The companion word of 'psychrometer' is 'thermometer' which
literally means a measuring device for heat. By the early 19th
century 'psychrometer' was used to describe a device consisting of
a dry bulb thermometer and a wet bub thermometer arranged side
by side. The device allowed the humidity of air to be measured
indirectly. Today a psychrometer is any device that allows the
moisture content of air or other gas to be measured in any way.
While it is often assumed that psychrometry refers specifically to
the system of water vapour in air, in this book the term is assumed
to be equally applicable to any gas mixture system in which one of
the gas components may readily condense.
This book begins by defining and explaining the terms and
features found on a psychrometric chart. Examples are presented
illustrating how the charts may be used to find the properties of the
gas systems. Chapter 2 presents the principles behind the
construction of the psychrometric charts showing how each of the
properties including vapour pressure, absolute humidity, relative
humidity, specific volume, adiabatic saturation temperature and
specific enthalpy may be calculated and plotted on the chart. The
construction of the charts require the knowledge of a considerable
amount of physical property data for each of the components of the
gas mixtures. All this data and the predictive correlations used for
all the systems presented in this book are presented in Chapter 3.
Finally, Chapter 4 presents the 274 charts prepared using the
procedures described in Chapter 2 and the data presented in Chapter
3. The interested reader can follow the same procedures and use
the same information to produce their own charts.
The first thirty-eight charts presented are for the most important
system to life: water vapour in air. These charts have been
prepared to cover two different but overlapping temperature ranges,
and for nineteen different pressures ranging from 0.5 atm to 10 atm.
These charts are then followed by others in which the water is the
condensing component, but the non-condensing gas is not air. Inert
gases including nitrogen, helium, neon and argon are considered.
When hydrocarbons are burnt in air the resultant gases of
combustion often consist of mixtures of nitrogen and carbon dioxide
with some amount of water vapour also present. Charts have been
prepared for two different mixtures of nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
Natural gas is predominantly methane though its composition varies
 Preface vii

considerably depending upon its source. Additional psychrometric

charts have been prepared for water vapour in pure methane, as well
as for water vapour in natural gas of two different but typical
compositions. Six charts have also been prepared for water vapour
in Martian atmosphere. This gas is predominantly carbon dioxide
but with lower levels of nitrogen, argon, oxygen and carbon
monoxide.
Next are presented charts prepared for a range of organic
vapours in air. These include several industrially-important solvents
such as acetone, benzene, toluene and diethyl ether. As pure
nitrogen is sometimes used as a blanket gas for safety reasons,
charts with pure nitrogen as the non-condensing gas are presented
for acetone, benzene and toluene. In the final twenty-four charts
methane is the gas with pentane, hexane, benzene and toluene as the
condensing vapours.
I must acknowledge the help of a number of people who
assisted me in various ways during the preparation of this work. In
particular I must thank Miss Su Lyn Low who took my original
FORTRAN program for generating the charts and re-wroteit in a
more structured and logical form, and who, together with Associate
Professor Geoff W. Stevens, proofread the manuscript. The staff of
the Engineering Branch Library of the University of Melbourne are
also recognised for their assistance in finding all the data required
to prepare the 274 psychrometric charts in this book. I would also
like to thank my friend and colleague Dr Geoff H. Covey for his
encouragement and for helping to identify the systems for which
psychrometric charts would have a definite practical value. I must
also thank my Heads of Department Professor David G. Wood and
David V. Boger for their continued support and encouragement over
the years. Finally, I will be forever grateful to my wife Alison
whose unfailing support allowed me to complete this project. It is
to her that I dedicate this book.

David Shallcross
 Pc critical pressure
Py vapour pressure
PT total pressure
R Universal gas constant
rh relative humidity
T absolute temperature
Nomenclature Tad adiabatic saturation temperature
Tb normal boiling point
Tc critical temperature
Tdatum enthalpy datum temperature
Tr reduced temperature
B second virial coefficient Vc critical volume
c correlation coefficient Vyc liquid molar volume
C third virial coefficient x mole fraction
Cp ideal gas heat capacity Zc critical compressibility factor
f enhancement factor
functions defined in equations (3.19) and (3.20) Greek letters
real gas specific enthalpy K isothermal compressibility
ideal gas specific enthalpy A. latent heat of vaporization
. residual enthalpy ~ latent heat of vaporization at normal boiling point
enthalpy deviation v specific volume (dry mass basis)
condensed phase enthalpy o relative humidity
specific enthalpy (dry mass basis) co acentric factor
h'o enthalpy correction
Henry's law constant Subscripts
absolute humidity A air
molal humidity G non-condensing gas component
Hp percentage humidity m mixture
m mass s saturation condition
MW molecular weight V condensing vapour component
pp partial pressure W water
1 performed. The psychrometric chart is a useful way of presenting
Fundamental Aspects of
Psychrometry
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Psychrometry is the study of gas mixtures in which one or more
vapour components may condense while the other components
remain gaseous. The most important example of such systems is
the water-air system in which water vapour may condense from the
air. In nature the condensation and vaporization of moisture out of
and into air gives rise to such important meteorological phenomena
as cloud formation, rain and the wind chill factor. Such systems
also have important engineering applications. Evaporative coolers
cool air by vaporizing water and increasing the air's humidity, while
many solids dryers operate by transferring the moisture from the
solid to air, again increasing the air's humidity
While the water-air system is important it is not the only such
gas mixture of practical interest to engineers. Industrial gases in
which water vapour maybe found include nitrogen, helium, argon
and other inert gases, methane and natural gases, and the gases
produced by the combustion of hydrocarbons. Equally important
are systems in which the condensing vapour is not water, but some
other substance. Often a knowledge of the level of organic solvent
vapours in air or other inert gas is vital in the safe design of
installations and engineering processes.
The physical properties of such gas mixtures must be adequately
characterised before engineering design calculations can be
thermodynamic data of gas mixtures which contain at least one
component which may condense to either a liquid or a solid.
While it is relatively straightforward to predict the
thermodynamic properties of a gas mixture of several components,
the situation becomes more complicated when it is possible for one
of the components to condense. All the components of a gas
mixture exert a partial pressure due to their very presence. The
partial pressure, PPi' is dependent on the component's mole fraction,
Xi' and the total pressure of the system, P T :
PP i = Xi PT (1.1)
By definition, the sum of all the component partial pressures must
equal the total pressure,
(1.2)
and the partial pressure will equal the total pressure when the gas
consists of one component only.
The partial pressure may vary between zero, when the
component is absent, to the component's vapour pressure, when the
gas is saturated with the component. Vapour pressure is the
pressure at which the gas co-exists with either of the other phases,
liquid or solid. The vapour pressure is a function of temperature,
increasing with increasing temperature. It is also a property of the
individual gas component and may vary significantly between
different components. At a given temperature, for pressures below
the vapour pressure the component will exist as a gas, but above the
vapour pressure a pure component will exist as either a liquid or a
solid. A vapour will condense if its partial pressure is increased to
the vapour pressure while the temperature is held constant or if its
temperature is decreased sufficiently so that the vapour pressure at
that reduced temperature equals the partial pressure of the vapour.
2 Fundamental aspects of psychrometry
The psychrometric charts presented in this book have been
prepared for systems in which only one of the gas components will
condense under the range of conditions covered by the particular
chart. For the purpose of simplicity, the component of the gas
mixture that readily condenses will be referred to as the vapour, V,
while the other non-condensing components will be referred to as
the gas, G. In the discussion that follows, the non-condensing gas
components of a gas mixture will be treated as if they were a single
component. Thus, the non-condensing components of dry air which
include nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide and neon will be
treated as a single component.
1.2 HUMIDITY DEFINITIONS
Humidity is a term which has come to be associated exclusively
with the moisture ( i.e. water vapour) content of air. In this book
it will be assumed that the term humidity is equally applicable to
other systems.
The molal humidity, H m , of a gas mixture is the ratio of the
number of moles of the condensing vapour component, ny, to the
number of moles of the non-condensing gas components, nG • Thus,
(1.3)
We may also note that
PP v PP v (1.4)
PP G
where PPi is the partial pressure of component i.
The absolute humidity, H, of a gas mixture is the ratio of the
mass of the condensing vapour component, my, to the mass of the
non-condensing component, mG :
H (1.5)
Absolute humidity is also sometimes referred to as the moisture
content or humidity ratio. Absolute humidity may be related to the
molal humidity and the mole fractions of the two components by
MW v
H = _ _ H (1.6)
MW G m
where MWi is the molecular weight of component i. The relative
humidity, ((), sometimes referred to as the relative saturation is
defined as being the ratio of the partial pressure of the vapour
component at some temperature to the vapour pressure of the
component at that same temperature:
(() = PP v (1.7)
Pv
where Pv is the vapour pressure of the condensing vapour
component. When expressed as a percentage the relative humidity
may range from 0 % when the condensing vapour component is
absent from the gas mixture, to 100 % when the gas mixture is
saturated with the vapour component.
Relative humidity may also be defined in terms of mole fraction
of the vapour component. Thus,
(1.8)
Here XVs is the mole fraction of component V when the gas mixture
is saturated with the condensing vapour component at the specified
temperature.
The percentage humidity, Hp , is defined as the ratio of the
absolute humidity of the gas mixture at some temperature to the
 Humidity definitions 3

absolute humidity if the gas was to be saturated with the condensing pass by the wick-enclosed thermometer, either by placing the
vapour component at the same temperature. This is then expressed thermometer in a flowing stream of the gas, or by moving the
as a percentage, thus: thermometer rapidly through the still gas.
A vapour will always seek to establish an equilibrium with its
_H x 100 (1.9) own liquid. Thus the liquid in the wick will seek to be in
Hs equilibrium with its own vapour in the gas passing by. If the gas
is saturated with the vapour, i.e. the vapour's partial pressure equals
where Hs is the absolute humidity at saturation. Percentage its vapour pressure at that temperature, then none of the liquid will
humidity may also be related to the partial pressure of the vapour vaporize to enter the gas stream. If however the gas is not saturated
component: then some of the liquid will vaporize in an effort to increase the

PPv I(P T - PP v ) (1.10)

x 100 P
PVI(PT-P V)

As with relative humidity expressed as a percentage, the value of LIQUID

percentage humidity may range from a to 100 %.
An unsaturated vapour having a partial pressure below its Vapour
vapour pressure also has a dew point. The dew point is the Pressure
temperature at which the vapour component will condense if the
unsaturated gas mixture is cooled at constant pressure. Consider
Fig 1.1 in which the state of component V is represented by point
A on the P-T diagram. Because this point is below the saturation ~----"'A
line the component is present as a gas. The vapour pressure at TI
is the maximum partial pressure the component can exert without
condensing, while the dew point at PI' is the temperature below
which condensation will occur. GAS
The wet bulb temperature was developed as a simple and easy
method to indirectly measure the humidity of a gas mixture. While
Dew T1 T
it is most often used to measure the water vapour content of humid Point
air, the technique may be applied equally as well to other systems.
A wet bulb thermometer normally consists of a standard mercury-
in-glass thermometer, the bulb of which is surrounded by a wick.
The wick is kept permanently wet with the liquid of the condensing Figure 1.1 An unsaturated vapour of temperature Tl and pressure
vapour component. This liquid is water when the water vapour PI will have a vapour pressure and dew point
content of humid air is being m~asured. The gas is then caused to
4 Fundamental aspects of psychrometry
vapour's partial pressure towards the vapour pressure. The lower
the vapour's partial pressure, i.e. the drier the gas, the higher the
rate of vaporization. However, before the liquid may vaporize heat
must be supplied to overcome the liquid's latent heat of
vaporization. As the liquid is in a wick surrounding a thermometer
bulb, this heat is supplied by withdrawing heat from its
surroundings, the bulb itself. The temperature of the thermometer
drops causing the wet bulb thermometer to indicate a lower
temperature. The decrease in temperature depends on the rate at
which the liquid vaporizes. The drier the gas, the greater the wet
bulb depression.
The dry bulb temperature is the actual temperature of the gas
mixture. The wet bulb depression is the difference in temperature
between the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature.
When the gas is saturated with the vapour the dry bulb and wet
bulb temperatures are equal, and when the gas is not saturated the
wet bulb temperature is always lower than the dry bulb temperature.
Because the wet bulb thermometer is so simple, reliable and
easy to use, it is the most popular device to indirectly measure
humidity. Unfortunately the wet bulb temperature measured is a
function of not only the dry bulb temperature and absolute
humidity, but also such factors as the gas's relative velocity with
respect to the thermometer, the diameter of the thermometer and the
extent of the radiative heat transfer between the wet bulb
thermometer and its surroundings. Consequently, the wet bulb
temperature as measured using a wet bulb thermometer is not a
thermodynamic property of the gas mixture. Threlkeld (1975)
describes the simultaneous heat and mass transfer processes
occurring about a wet bulb thermometer in detail.
The adiabatic saturation temperature, Tad' is a thermodynamic
property of the gas mixture and is sometimes referred to as the
thermodynamic wet bulb temperature. The adiabatic saturation
temperature is defined as the temperature at which the condensed
component (liquid or solid), by evaporating into the moist gas
component at a given dry bulb temperature and absolute humidity,
can bring air to saturation adiabatically at the same temperature,
while pressure is kept constant. It is the adiabatic saturation
temperature rather than the wet bulb temperature which is plotted
in the psychrometric charts presented in this book.
The two other properties plotted in the charts are specific
volume and specific enthalpy. The specific volume of a gas
mixture containing a condensing vapour component, v, is defined
as the volume occupied by the mixture per unit mass of the non-
condensing gas component alone:
v =
v (1.11)
Similarly the specific enthalpy of a gas mixture contammg a
condensing vapour component, hm is defmed as the enthalpy of the
mixture per unit mass of the non-condensing gas component alone:
(1.12)
1.3 LAYOUT OF THE PSYCHROMETRIC CHARTS
The psychrometric charts presented in this book are constructed
with the dry bulb temperature on the x-axis and absolute humidity
plotted on the orthogonal y-axis. As an alternative psychrometric
charts may be constructed using enthalpy and absolute humidity as
the coordinates. The construction of such charts are described in
detail by Palmatier (1963) and Threlkeld (1975).
Figure 1.2 shows the typical layout of the psychrometric charts
presented in this book. The charts may be used to estimate the
thermodynamic properties of a humid gas once three
thermodynamic properties of state have been specified. As each
psychrometric chart is prepared for a specific total system pressure
this property is usually one of the three state properties which is
specified by the chart user. The user is then free to specify any two
of the following properties: temperature, absolute humidity, relative
 Layout of the psychrometric charts 5

Diagram title
System pressure
Enthalpy datum conditions

constant absolute
humidity line

I
I

dew point dry bulb temperature scale

Figure 1.2 Layout of a typical psychrometric chart.

6 Fundamental aspects of psychrometry
humidity, specific volume, specific enthalpy and adiabatic saturation
temperature. Once any of these two properties have been specified
then the state of the gas mixture is fixed, and a point may be
located on the appropriate chart which represents the
thermodynamic state of the gas mixture.
The point may lie anywhere on the chart. The saturation curve
forms part of the upper boundary of the chart. Points lying above
and to the left of this curve are invalid as such a point would
represent a gas mixture having a vapour component with a partial
pressure greater than its vapour pressure at that temperature. The
lower boundary is formed by the line H = 0, i.e. the condensing
vapour component is absent. The left and right boundaries of the
chart are arbitrary and represent the lower and upper dry bulb
temperatures represented on the chart respectively. The straight line
segment of the upper boundary is likewise arbitrarily set and is
chosen so that the appearance of the charts is consistent.
Once a point has been defmed by specifying the two state
. properties other than total pressure, the remaining state properties
may be found by reading their values off the chart. Consider point
A shown in Fig 1.2. This point represents the thermodynamic state
of a gas mixture which contains some vapour, but which is not
saturated with that vapour. By reading the appropriate scale and by
interpolating between the sets of lines and curves as necessary we
may readily determine the gas mixture's dry bulb temperature,
absolute humidity, dew point, relative humidity, adiabatic saturation
temperature and specific volume.
The determination of the gas's specific enthalpy is a two step
process. In the first step we read back along the line of constant
adiabatic saturation temperature to fmd the value where this line
intersects the specific enthalpy scale. This specific enthalpy value
is for a saturated gas mixture having the same adiabatic saturation
temperature, i.e. it is the specific enthalpy of point B rather than
that of point A. To correct for the fact that the gas mixture is not
saturated we must add the value of the enthalpy deviation at point
A to the specific enthalpy at saturation. The resultant value is then
the specific enthalpy of the gas mixture represented by point A.
1.4 EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS
1.4.1 Using a Single Chart for Property Estimation
To illustrate the use of the psychrometric charts consider the
following example in which nitrogen is being used to remove
toluene vapour from a container under pressure. If the total system
pressure is 1.5 atm we may use a psychrometric chart such as the
one shown in Fig. 1.3 to determine the properties of the gas. If the
gas has a temperature of 36.0°C and an adiabatic saturation
temperature of 25.6°C then the point A shown on the chart would
represent the condition of the mixture of toluene and nitrogen. We
consider toluene to be the vapour and nitrogen to be the gas.
The absolute humidity may be read by simply tracing a line
horizontally from point A back to the absolute humidity scale. This
is shown as a dashed line in Fig. 1.3. In this example the absolute
humidity is estimated to be 0.0660 ± 0.0005 kg toluene vapourlkg
dry nitrogen. The error in the absolute humidity arises partly from
the error associated with the placement of point A on the diagram,
and partly from the accuracy with which the absolute humidity scale
may be read.
The dew point of the gas mixture may be obtained by reading
left from point A along the line of constant absolute humidity until
the saturation curve is reached. The temperature at this point is
then the dew point. The dew point of our gas mixture is 19.6 ±
0.2°e. This suggests that if the gas mixture were to be cooled at
constant pressure then liquid toluene would begin to form at 19.6°C.
Point A lies between the curves of 40.0 % and 50.0 % relative
humidity. By careful interpolation we would estimate a relative
humidity of 43.9 % ± 0.5 %. The error is relatively higher than
might otherwise be the case because the user must interpolate
between curves rather than straight lines.
Figure 1.3 Psychcrometric chart for the toluene-nitrogen system
at 1.50 atm pressure
 Example applications 7
150

TOLUENE- NITROGEN SYSTEM 140

60
1.50 atm pressure .200

Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O°C, 0.00893 atm .190

dry nitrogen O.O·C, 1.00 atm .180

.170
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .160

.150

.140 cQ)
OJ
.130
~c
.1 20 ~
"0

--
Cl
.110 x
OJ
x
.100
>.
.......
.090 '6
'f
.080 :::::J
..c
Q)
.070 :;
'0
30 en
.060 .0
«
.050

.040

.030

.020

.010

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

8 Fundamental aspects of psychrometry
The specific volume of the gas mixture is estimated by
considering the lines of constant specific volume which straddle the
point. Point A lies between the 0.60 m3/kg and 0.62 m3/kg lines of
constant specific volume. By interpolation we would estimate the
0.615 ± 0.001 m3/kg dry nitrogen. This suggests that the toluene
and nitrogen mixture occupies 0.615 m3 for every kg of nitrogen.
Since the mixture contains 0.0660 kg of toluene vapour for every
kg of nitrogen, the true density of the gas mixture, p, would be
calculated by:
1 + 0.0660 (1.13)
p 1.733 kg/m 3
0.615
This tells us that every cubic metre of the toluene and nitrogen gas
mixture has a mass of 1.733 kg.
To evaluate the mixture's specific enthalpy we first draw in the
line of constant adiabatic saturation temperature which passes
through point A. This line, which is shown as a dashed line in Fig
1.3, is drawn through the saturation line to intersect with the
inclined enthalpy scale located above and to the left of the
saturation line. The point at which the extension of the adiabatic
saturation temperature line intersects the enthalpy scale indicates the
specific enthalpy of the saturated gas mixture at point B. For the
example, the specific enthalpy at point B may be estimated to be
67.7 ± 0.3 kJ/kg dry nitrogen. The error in the enthalpy at
saturation value arises mainly from the error associated with the
placement of point A on the diagram, but partly from the accuracy
with which the enthalpy at saturation scale may be read. Since
point A is not saturated the value for the enthalpy must be corrected
by adding the value for the enthalpy deviation at point A to the
saturated enthalpy value found for point B. Point A lies between
the enthalpy deviation curves of -1.0 kJ/kg and -1.5 kJ/kg.
Interpolation yields a value of -1.2 kJ/kg. When this value is added
to the specific enthalpy value at point B, a value of 66.5 ± 0.3
kJ/kg dry nitrogen is obtained for the gas mixture's specific
enthalpy.
1.4.2 Property Estimation at Intermediate Pressures
When psychrometric charts are not available for the exact pressure
required, the properties of the gas mixture may be estimated by
interpolation. For most of the systems considered in this book
charts are presented for at least six system pressures ranging from
0.80 atm to 5.00 atm. Careful interpolation of the presented data
allows the thermodynamic properties of the gas mixtures to be
estimated for any pressure within the range of 0.80 atm to 5.00 atm.
On no account should the charts be used to extrapolate values
outside this range of pressures.
As an example of how the charts may be used to estimate
properties at some intermediate pressure, consider the following
example involving the ethanol-air system. As with any system
involving air, air is considered to be the single non-condensing gas
component, while the other component, ethanol, is considered to be
the vapour component. Suppose the total system pressure is 1.62
atm, and the temperature is 42.0°C. The humidity of the system is
known to be 0.0900 kg ethanol vapour/kg dry air.
Using the appropriate charts and the following procedure the
adiabatic saturation temperature, relative humidity, specific volume
and specific enthalpy may be determined.
Psychrometric charts at 0.80 atm, 1.00 atm, 1.20 atm, 1.50 atm,
2.00 atm and 5.00 atm are available for the ethanol-air system.
These are presented on pages 208 to 213 of this book. As the
system pressure of the example is between 1.50 atm and 2.00 atm,
the charts for these two pressures are used. Table 1.1 presents the
values for the four properties found at each of the two pressures for
a temperature of 42.0°C and an absolute humidity of 0.0900 kg/kg.
To estimate the adiabatic saturation temperature, Tad' and the
relative humidity, rh, the corresponding values at 1.50 atm and 2.00
atm may be interpolated linearly. Thus, for the adiabatic saturation
temperature at 1.62 atm we find:
 Example applications 9

Table 1.1 Properties of the ethanol-air system at a temperature of

42.0DC and an absolute humidity of 0.0900 kglkg 1 1 ( 1.62 - 1.50 ) ( 1 1)
V 0.628 + 2.00 - 1.50 0.471 - 0.628

Pressure (atm) 1.50 2.00 :::} V = 0.581 m 3/kg dry air (1.16)

Adiabatic saturation temperature (DC) 27.5 31.9

Relative humidity (%)
Specific volume (m3/kg dry air)
Specific enthalpy (kJ/kg dry air)
The specific enthalpy of a gas mixture may be estimated by
39.7 52.4 linear interpolation in a similar manner to the method in which the
adiabatic saturation temperature and relative humidities are
0.628 0.471
estimated, It is not surprising however that at the relatively low
139 139 pressures of this example specific enthalpy is independent of
pressure. The specific enthalpy of the ethanol-air mixture at 1.62
atm is therefore estimated to be 139 kJ/kg dry air.

27.5 + ( 1.62 - 1.50 ) (31.9 - 27.5)

2.00 - 1.50 (1.14)
= 28.6 DC

while the relative humidity at 1.62 atm may be calculated in a

similar manner:

rh 39.7 + ( 1.62 - 1.50 ) (52.4 - 39.7)

2.00 - 1.50 (1.15)

= 42.7%

These values are correct to within the accuracy with which the
charts may be read.
The specific volume at 1.62 atm cannot be estimated using this
simple procedure. Over a small range of system pressures when the
compressibility factor does not vary significantly, the specific
volume for constant dry bulb temperature and absolute humidity
varies inversely with system pressure. Thus, the specific volume of
the ethanol-air mixture at 1.62 atm is given by:
2 State is chosen to characterise the non-ideal behaviour of the gas
mixtures. This method is chosen as it is relatively simple to apply
and because considerable data is available for the required
parameters for each of the systems to be studied.
Construction of the Charts For the gas mixture of components G and V the Virial Equation
of State truncated at the third term is:

(2.1)

The curves that compose the psychrometric charts are constructed

from a knowledge of the thermodynamic behaviour of the non-
condensing gas and condensing vapour systems. Once the gases where, P T is the total pressure, V is the molar volume of the gas
have been adequately characterised then the dew point, specific phase mixture, R is the Universal gas constant, T is the absolute
enthalpy, specific volume, relative humidity and adiabatic saturation temperature, and Bm and Cm are the second and third virial
temperature of any gas mixture at a given temperature, pressure and coefficients of the gas phase, respectively. Bm and Cm are both
absolute humidity may be determined. In this Chapter the methods functions of temperature and of the composition of the gas phase.
used to calculate and then plot these quantities are described. For the two component system,
For the purposes of simplicity the systems studied will be
consid.ered to consist of two components only. One will be the (2.2)
non-condensing, gaseous component, G, while the other will be a
vapour, V, that readily condenses under the conditions of interest. where XG and Xv are the mole fractions of components G and V
The non-condensing component, G, may in fact be a mixture of respectively.
several components. This is the case for air. In such cases it will For a gas mixture of n components it may be shown that
be assumed that none of G's components condense under any of the
n n
conditions represented on a chart. It will also be assumed that none
of the components in the vapour-gas mixture react with one another
B
m EE
i = I j-I
Xi Xj Bij
(2.3)

in any way.
and,
n n n
2.1 VAPOUR PHASE BEHAVIOUR
Cm EEE
i=1 j=1 k-I
Xi Xj X k C ijk (2.4)

Many of the gas mixtures do not behave ideally under some of the
temperature and pressure conditions covered by the psychrometric For a binary system consisting of components G and V these
charts. From the many different methods, the Virial Equation of equations become:
 Construction of the saturation line 11

component V and is a function of temperature.

(2.5) However, since the system is not ideal a dimensionless
correction factor called the enhancement factor, f, is introduced:
and,

where, Bii is the second virial coefficient of pure component i, B GV

is the second virial interaction (or cross) coefficient for the binary
system, Ciii is the third virial coefficient of pure component i, and,
CGGV and CGVV are the third virial interaction parameters. The
virial coefficients are all functions of temperature alone, and are
known for many binary systems. Various techniques exist which
may be used to estimate the virial coefficients where these are not
known. These techniques are discussed in detail in Chapter 3. 3 x Gs
2
( 1 + 2xG )PT
2
+ s C
2 (R T)2 GGV

2.2 CONSTRUCTION OF THE SATURAnON LINE

When the partial pressure of the condensing component reaches its

vapour pressure at a given temperature the gas is saturated. If the
2 2
system were to be ideal then we could write expressions relating the XGs (1 - 3 xG
s
(1 -
) xG )
s
PT B B
mole fractions of the two components to their partial pressures: (RT)2 GG VV

(2.7) 6 xG2S (1 - X )2 P 2
+ Gs T B B
(R T)2 vv GV

2 232
and, 2 xGs (1 - x Gs ) (1 - 3 x Gs ) P T 2 XGs T P
--------:------BGV + ___ C
(RT)2 (RT)2 GGG

(2.8)
- (1 + 3 xGs ) ( 1
2(RTl (2.9)
where, XVs and XGs are the mole fractions of components V and G
respectively, at saturation, and P v is the vapour pressure of
12 Construction of the charts
where, 1( is the isothermal compressibility of the condensing
component (i.e. water for the air-water system), Vvc is the molar
volume of the condensed component V (either as a liquid or a
solid), and kH is the Henry's Law constant to account for the
solubility of component G in the condensed phase (Hyland and
Wexler, 1983a).
The enhancement factor is a function of the vapour phase
composition, temperature, pressure, molar volume and other factors.
It includes terms that take into account the effect of dissolved gases
and pressure on the properties of the condensed phase, and the
effect of intermolecular forces on the properties of the moisture
itself (ASHRAE, 1989). Typically the value for the enhancement
factor does not exceed 1.05 for any given system (Shallcross, 1996).
Applying the enhancement factor, equations (2.7) and (2.8) thus
become,
(2.10)
and,
(2.11)
The isothermal compressibility and the molar volume of the
condensed phase are both functions of temperature alone, while the
Henry's Law constant is also a function of the composition of the
non-condensing gas component, G.
For a given temperature and total pressure, P To equations (2.9)
and (2.11) are solved for the enhancement factor, J, and the mole
fraction of component G at saturation, xGs • In practice this is done
by fIrst setting f = 1. xGs is then calculated from equation (2.9)
and this value is used in equation (2.11) to calculate an estimate for
f The value for XGs is then re-calculated. The cycle is then
repeated until f and XGs no longer change signifIcantly from one
calculation to the next.
The absolute humidity at saturation, H s' is the mass of vapour
component V per mass of component G. It may be written in terms
of the mole fractions of the two components in the gas phase:
(2.12)
where, MWi is the molecular weight of component i.
The psychrometric chart is constructed with temperature plotted
on the x-axis and absolute humidity plotted on the orthogonal y-
axis. The saturation line that describes the boundary of the
humidity chart is drawn by plotting the absolute humidity at
saturation, H s' as a function of temperature for a specifIed total
pressure.
2.3 CONSTRUCTION OF CURVES OF CONSTANT RELATIVE
HUMIDITY
The relative humidity, ~, is defmed as the ratio of the mole fraction
of the vapour component, Xv, in a given sample of the two-
component mixture to the mole fraction, X Vs ' in a sample of the
mixture which is saturated with the vapour component. Thus,
(2.13)
To construct curves of constant relative humidity we need to
establish an expression relating the absolute humidity to the relative
humidity, temperature and total pressure,
i.e. H =f (~, T, PT) .
 Construction of the curves of constant specific volume 13

Absolute humidity may be related to mole fractions by: 2.4 CONSTRUCTION OF CURVES OF CONSTANT SPECIFIC
VOLUME

H (2.14) The specific volume of a humid mixture, v, is defmed as the

volume of the mixture per unit mass of the dry gas:

So,
v = v = (2.18)
H (2.15)
Hs

Equation (2.15) may therefore be re-written as: where, V is the total volume of the mixture, mG is the mass of the
dry gas, n T is the total number of moles of the mixture, and, nG is
H (tJ xVs x Gs
the number of moles of the dry gas.
Hs 1 - @xVs xVs From equation (2.1), the Virial Equation of State, an implicit
expression for V may be written:
(tJ x Gs
(2.16)
1 - @xVs

V =RT
A
_ [I + _ Cm]
Bm + _ (2.19)
Substitution of equations (2.10) and (2.11) for XVs and X Gs yields P A A2
T V V
upon re-arrangement:

H = Hs (tJ (l - f PJ P T) (2.17)
1 - (tJfPvIPT
In this equation f and Hs are functions of pressure and temperature
and are determined using equations (2.11) and (2.12) respectively,
and Pv is a function of temperature alone. To construct the constant
relative humidity curves, the system pressure, PT' is first specified.
Then for a given value of (tJ, the variables J, Hs and P v are
calculated for varying values of temperature. These values used
with equation (2.17) permit the absolute humidity for the specified
(tJ to be calculated as a function of temperature. When this data is
plotted on the psychrometric chart a curve of constant relative
humidity results.
As noted in equations (2.5) and (2.6), Bm and Cm are both functions
of the mole fractions XG and Xv, and of temperature.
To construct constant specific volume curves, the s)'stem
pressure, PI'> is first specified. Then for a given value of v,
equations (2.2), (2.18) and (2.19) are solved for V, XG and Xv across
the temperature range of interest. The y-ordinate, absolute
humidity, is then calculated using equation (2.14), and when this
data is plotted on the psychrometric chart a curve of constant
relative humidity results.
14 Construction of the charts
2.5 CALCULATION OF SPECIFIC ENTHALPY
In order to calculate the positions of the remaining curves (adiabatic
saturation temperature and enthalpy deviation) a method is required
to calculate the enthalpy of the gas mixture for any combination of
dry bulb temperature and absolute humidity.
The specific enthalpy of a real gas, h, is related to the ideal-gas
state enthalpy, h', by the residual enthalpy, tit':
h = hI - i1hl (2.20)
The real gas specific enthalpy is thus:
where, To is the enthalpy datum temperature, CPo' and Cpv' are the
ideal gas heat capacity of the gas and vapour respectively, and, hoG
and hoY are the enthalpy corrections for both components necessary
to ensure that the enthalpy, h, is in fact zero at the enthalpy datum
condition.
The value calculated for h in equation (2.21) is on a molar basis
of the mixture. Since it is more useful to express the specific
enthalpy of the gas mixture as energy per unit mass of the dry gas
component a conversion is performed:
(2.22)
where, hm is the specific enthalpy defined as enthalpy per unit mass
of the dry gas component G.
The specific enthalpy of the moist gas mixture, hm' may be
calculated from equations (2.20) to (2.22) for any given
temperature, pressure and absolute humidity.
2.6 CONSTRUCTION OF CURVES OF CONSTANT
ADIABATIC SATURATION TEMPERATURE
The wet bulb temperature is usually considered as the temperature
measured by a cylindrical thermometer, the outside surface of which
is kept wet with the liquid of the condensing component V. As the
moist gas passes the thermometer some of the liquid evaporates
resulting in a cooling effect that causes the temperature of the wet
bulb thermometer to drop. The drier the gas, the greater the wet
bulb depression. As the wet bulb temperature is a function of not
only the dry bulb temperature and absolute humidity, but also such
factors as the gas velocity with respect to the thermometer, the
diameter of the thermometer and the extent of radiative heat
transfer, it is not possible to predict the wet bulb temperatures with
precision. Consequently curves of constant adiabatic saturation
temperature are plotted instead. It should be noted however that for
the air-water system the curves of constant adiabatic saturation
temperature coincide with curves of constant wet bulb temperature.
This is because for the air-water system typically the Lewis Number
is nearly equal to one.
For the conventional air-water system, ASHRAE (1989) defines
the adiabatic saturation temperature, Tad' as the temperature at which
water (liquid or solid), by evaporating into moist air at a given dry
bulb temperature, T, and absolute humidity, H, can bring the air to
saturation adiabatically at the same temperature, Tad' while the
pressure P T' is maintained constant. The adiabatic saturation
temperature is also known as the thermodynamic wet bulb
temperature.
For a given G-V system, it may be defined as the temperature
at which component V, present as either a liquid or a solid, by
evaporating into the moist gas mixture at a given dry bulb

2
T" H,
~ Chapter 3. A value for the dry bulb temperature T1 is then selected
moist saturated
solid or liquid V at T2
unsaturated gas
gas
Figure 2.1 Adiabatic saturation temperature (after Threlkeld, 1975)
temperature, T, and absolute humidity, H, can bring that mixture to
saturation adiabatically at the same temperature, Tad' while the
pressure, PT' is maintained constant.
To understand the situation better, consider a perfectly insulated
open-ended tube which is partially filled with component V in its
solid or liquid form at uniform temperature, T2 (Fig. 2.1). A moist,
but unsaturated, gas mixture of components V and G enters one end
of the tube at absolute humidity, H 1, and a dry bulb temperature, T 1 •
The gas leaves the other end of the tube saturated with component
V, at absolute humidity, H 2, and dry bulb temperature, T2 • The
pressure throughout the system is PT. Assuming steady state exists,
a simple energy balance may be written over the system:
(2.23)
where, h1 and hS2 are enthalpies as energy per unit mass of dry gas
component G, and, h! is the enthalpy of the condensed phase V per
unit mass of the component and is a function of temperature T2 • In
this equation HS2> h! and hS2 are all functions of T2 alone as
pressure is assumed to be known and constant. It then follows that
the exit temperature, T2> is a thermodynamic property of the gas
mixture. T2 is the adiabatic saturation temperature.
Construction of enthalpy deviation curves 15
To prepare curves for constant adiabatic saturation temperature,
values for the pressure PT and the adiabatic saturation temperature
are first set. Values for Hs2 , h! and hS2 are then calculated as
functions of Tad using the appropriate correlations presented in
and an initial guess is made for the absolute humidity, H 1 •
Combining equations (2.2) and (2.14), values for Xv and xG are then
calculated for the guessed value of H 1 . These values in tum are
used in equations (2.5) and (2.6) to calculate Bm and em and hence
V from equation (2.1). Finally equations (2.20) to (2.22) are used
to calculate h1• With all the variables in equation (2.23) known the
equation is checked to determine whether it is valid within
reasonable tolerance. If the two sides of the equation are not equal
within the specified tolerances a new value for the absolute
humidity, H 1, is guessed and the computations are repeated until the
solutions are obtained. The solution (TJ>H1) represents a point on
the constant adiabatic saturation temperature line. The procedure is
then repeated for increasing values of T1 until the solution for H1
becomes negative. When this occurs a curve for a different
adiabatic saturation temperature is then prepared. A flow sheet
summarising the above procedure is presented in Fig. 2.2.
2.7 CONSTRUCTION OF ENTHALPY DEVIATION CURVES
Because of the nature of the equations governing the construction
of the constant adiabatic saturation temperature curves, lines of
constant gas mixture enthalpy will lie nearly parallel with the
adiabatic saturation temperature curves. Rather than plotting two
sets of curves having nearly the same slope, which would result in
a chart difficult to read, the gas mixture enthalpy data is presented
in a different form. An enthalpy deviation term, hdev , is defined as
being the difference between the true specific enthalpy of a gas
mixture and the specific enthalpy of the gas saturated at its
adiabatic saturation temperature:
16 Construction of the charts
Set system pressure, Pr
Set adiabatic saturation
temperature to be plotted, Tad
Calculate values for Hs2 , AI and
h52 at Tad using correlations
Guess value for H,
Calculate xG and Xv from
equations (2.2) and (2.14)
Calculate 8 mand em from
equations (2.5) and (2.6)
Calculate h, from
equations (2.20) to (2.22)
No
Figure 2.2 Flow chart for construction of a curve of constant
adiabatic saturation temperatures
(2.24)
Curves of constant enthalpy deviation plotted on the psychrometric
chart are used in determining the specific enthalpy of a gas mixture.
The true specific enthalpy of a gas mixture is determined by adding
the enthalpy deviation term to the specific enthalpy of the gas
saturated at its adiabatic saturation temperature. The saturation
enthalpy is read off the chart using a non-linear inclined scale.
Equation (2.23) may be re-written as:
h - hs,ad = (H - HS,ad) h/. ad (2.25)
with the numeric sUb-scripts omitted. The left hand side of this
equation is the definition of the enthalpy deviation, therefore:
(2.26)
Re-arrangement yields an explicit equation in absolute humidity, H:
Guess new
value for H, h (2.27)
H = HS,ad +~
hf,ad
To construct curves of constant enthalpy deviation for given values
of hdev and PT , H is calculated as a function of the adiabatic
saturation temperature, Tad' using equation (2.27). The adiabatic
No saturation temperature is then varied across the range of interest and
the resulting solutions for H are plotted as the required curve. A
flow sheet summarising the above procedure is presented in Figure
2.3.
Yes
 Chart preparation 17

2.8 CHART PREPARATION

The behaviour of the gas-condensing vapour systems are modelled

using the equations of this Chapter together with the relevant data
presented in Chapter 3.
Set system pressure, Pr
The model equations and data are incorporated into a
FORTRAN-77 computer program which performs all the necessary
Set enthalpy deviation
calculations. The output from the program is a set of instructions
to be plotted, h dev in the Postscript graphics language which, when sent to a suitable
Postscript laser printer, generates the psychrometric charts. The
charts presented in this book were printed on a 600 dot per inch
Set Tad = maximum laser printer. This allows the curves on the charts to be plotted with
Tadshown on diagram precision. On a chart with a temperature range of 0 0 to 60°C a
plotting precision of 600 dots per inch is equivalent to placing a
line with an accuracy of less than 0.01 dc. The Postscript file is
typically 230 kilobytes in length, but this varies considerably
/\
Calculate Hs,ad and hf,ad depending upon the information presented on the charts.
Increase value of Tad
by some increment using correlations (2.20) Figure 2.4 presents a flow sheet of the FORTRAN program
to (2.25) used. The program begins by reading a data file that contains the
specifications of the chart to be produced. After writing the
Postscript header information to the output file, instructions for
printing the title information in the upper left-hand comer of the
Plot point (Tad' H) Calculate Hfrom
equation (2.27) charts are written.
U sing the appropriate vapour pressure correlation the location of
the saturation curve is calculated and plotted. Also plotted are the
other chart boundaries corresponding to the minima and maxima of
the dry bulb temperature and absolute humidity that are to be
No
plotted.
Following this the curves for constant dry bulb temperature,
absolute humidity, relative humidity, specific volumes, adiabatic
saturation temperature and enthalpy deviation are plotted. The dry
bulb temperature, absolute humidity and enthalpy at saturation
scales are then drawn in and labelled. The chart is completed by
Figure 2.3 Flow chart for construction of curves of constant labelling the relative humidity, specific volume and enthalpy
enthalpy deviation deviation curves. Finally the Postscript trailer instructions are
written to the Postscript file and the file is then closed.
18 Construction of the charts

Read data file

Write Postscript header instructions

and chart title information

Calculate and plot saturation curves

and chart boundaries

Plot constant dry bulb temperature and

constant absolute humidity lines

Calculate and plot constant

relative humidit curves

Calculate and plot constant

specific volume curves

Calculate and plot constant adiabatic

saturation temperature curves

Calculate and plot constant

enthalpy deviation curves

Draw dry bulb temperature and

absolute humidity scales

Draw inclined enthalpy scale

Figure 2.4 Flow chart for FORTRAN programs used to generate

the psychrometric charts
3 second is rich in ethane and propane. The composition of Natural
Physical Property Data
In order to construct a psychrometric chart using the equations
developed in Chapter 2, a considerable amount of data is required.
This Chapter presents all the data and correlations used to prepare
the charts. In applying any of the following data and correlations
care should be taken to ensure that they are not applied outside their
valid ranges.
3.1 COMPOSITION OF AIR, NATURAL GAS AND OTHER
MIXTURES
For many of the charts presented in this book the non-condensing
gas component is not a pure gas but rather of mixture of gases. In
preparing the charts it is important that the compositions of each of
these mixtures are accurately defined.
The composition of dry, clean air on a molar basis is assumed
to be: 78.0849 % nitrogen, 20.9479 % oxygen, 0.9340 % argon,
0.0314 % carbon dioxide and 0.0018 % neon (ASHRAE, 1989).
This composition is used to generate all the air charts.
Natural gas is a complex mixture of hydrocarbon compounds
and other non-hydrocarbon gases. Though all natural gases are
predominantly methane with small amounts of the higher alkanes
and other components, the composition of the gas varies depending
on its source. In preparing the natural gas charts two different gas
compositions are used: one is relatively rich in nitrogen while the
Gas (A) on a molar basis is taken as 80.0 % methane, 3.0 % ethane,
0.5% propane, 14.0 % nitrogen, and 2.5 % carbon dioxide. For
Natural Gas (B) the composition on a molar basis is taken as 85.0
% methane, 8.8 % ethane, 4.0 % propane, 0.4 % nitrogen and 1.8
% carbon dioxide.
The combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in air often results in the
production of a gas containing carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water
vapour. Since such gas mixtures are not uncommon psychrometric
charts are prepared for two gas mixtures of carbon dioxide and
nitrogen. For the fIrst mixture the composition on a dry molar basis
is taken as 21.0 % carbon dioxide and 79.0 % nitrogen, while for
the second mixture it is 10.0 % carbon dioxide and 90.0 %
nitrogen.
On a water-free molar basis the composition of the atmosphere
of Mars is assumed to be 93.82 % carbon dioxide, 4.17 %
nitrogen, 1.73 % argon, 0.18 % oxygen and 0.10 % carbon
monoxide (Taylor, 1988; Morrison and Owen 1988). Other trace
gases are ignored.
3.2 MOLECULAR WEIGHTS, CRITICAL POINT DATA AND
THE ACENTRIC FACTOR
Many of the correlations used to estimate the required parameters
call for information concerning the molecular weight, critical point
and the acentric factor for each of the components. This
information is presented in Table 3.1 for pure components.
For some of the charts the non-condensing gas component is a
mixture. This is the case for air, the two natural gases, the two
mixtures of carbon dioxide and nitrogen and the Martian
atmosphere. Since many of the correlations that follow require
single values for Mw, Tc' Pc, Vc' Zc and co for the mixtures these
must be calculated.
20 Physical property data

The average molecular weight of a mixture, MW' is simply :

Table 3.1 Molecular weight, critical point and the acentric factor
data
MW' = LxiMWi (3.1)
Component MW Tc Pc Vc Zc 0)

(K) (MPa) (m 3/kmol)

where, Xi is the mole fraction of component i in the gas mixture.
nitrogen 28.014 126.20 3.3944 0.0895 0.290 0.040
Kay's rule is used to calculate a pseudocritical temperature T/
oxygen 31.999 154.58 5.0460 0.0734 0.288 0.021 of the gas mixture:
helium 4.003 5.20 0.2275 0.0573 0.302 -0.387
neon 20.180 44.40 2.6530 0.0417 0.300 -0.041 T'c = Lx.T
I c, (3.2)
carbon 28.010 132.90 3.496 0.0931 0.295 0.049 i
monoxide
carbon 44.010 304.20 7.3765 0.0940 0.274 0.225 For the pseudocritical pressure, P/, the recommendations of
dioxide Reid, Prausnitz and Sherwood (1977) are followed:
argon 39.948 150.86 4.8737 0.0746 0.291 0.000
water 18.015 647.35 22.1182 0.0635 0.261 0.348
R(~ XiZc,)T:
methane 16.043 190.55 4.595 0.0986 0.286 0.011 P'c (3.3)
ethane 30.070 305.33 4.8714 0.1480 0.284 0.099 LX'V
I c,
propane 44.097 369.85 4.2470 0.2002 0.276 0.152 i
n-pentane 72.150 469.80 3.375 0.3110 0.269 0.251 The acentric factor, 00', is taken as the weighted mean:
n-hexane 86.177 507.90 3.030 0.3680 0.264 0.296
n-heptane 100.204 540.15 2.736 0.4250 0.259 0.350 00' = LXi OOi (3.4)
n-octane 114.231 568.95 2.488 0.4920 0.259 0.398 i
methanol 32.042 512.64 8.097 0.1178 0.224 0.565
ethanol 46.069 513.92 6.137 0.1670 0.240 0.637 The pseudocritical compressibility factor, Z/, is calculated from:
n-propanol 60.096 536.78 5.170 0.2185 0.253 0.628
n-butanol 74.123 563.05 4.423 0.2745 0.259 0.594 Z'c = Z(O) + 00' Z(l) (3.5)
acetone 58.080 508.10 4.7015 0.2090 0.233 0.306
benzene 78.114 562.16 4.8981 0.2589 0.271 0.209 where, Z(O) = 0.2901 and Z(1) = -0.0879 at the critical point (Lee
toluene 92.142 591.80 4.1081 0.3156 0.264 0.263 and Kesler, 1975).
carbon 153.822 556.40 4.548 0.2760 0.271 0.193
tetrachloride
diethyl ether 74.123 466.74 3.642 0.2800 0.263 0.281
 Second virial coefficients 21

The pseudocritical volume, Vc ', is calculated from 3.3 SECOND VIRIAL COEFFICIENTS

Zlc R TIc Kehiaian (1995) suggests that for many gases the second virial
(3.6) coefficient may be related to absolute temperature by an equation
pI of the form:
c

Applying equations (3.1) to (3.6) to the six mixtures the values B = L4 c i

(298.15 - 1Ji-I (3.7)
presented in Table 3.2 are obtained. i-I T
The values presented in Table 3.2 for air may differ slightly where, B is expressed in and T is expressed in Kelvin.
cm3/mol
from the generally accepted values. This is because of the method The values for the coefficients for the gases of interest are presented
used to determine the values. Any differences which do exist do in Table 3.3. This equation is used to calculate the second virial
not have any significant effect on the charts presented. coefficients for all components with the exception of water,
benzene, toluene and air.
For water a modified version of the correlation presented by
Hyland and Wexler (1983a) is preferred:

Table 3.2 Molecular weight, critical point and the acentric factor B = T( 0.05820 - 0.012234 e 1734.29IT) (3.8)
data for the gas mixtures
where, B is expressed in cm3/mol and T is expressed in Kelvin.
pI ESDU (1973) presents a correlation for the second virial
Component MW I TIc c
VI
c
Zlc 00 1
coefficient for benzene expressed as m3Jkg. Modifying for
(K) (MPa) (m3Ikmol) consistency of units the correlation becomes:
air 28.965 132.4 3.708 0.0852 0.287 0.036
B = 201.92 - 150.07 e (720IT) (3.9)
nat. gas (A) 18.979 188.7 4.528 0.0998 0.288 0.024
nat. gas (B) 18.951 209.6 4.654 0.1077 0.287 0.028 where, B is expressed in cm3/mol and T is expressed in Kelvin.
For toluene a modified version of the correlation presented by
COiN2 : 31.373 164.5 4.310 0.0893 0.283 0.079 ESDU (1974) is used:
COiN2 : 29.614 144.0 3.839 0.0889 0.285 0.059
Martian atm. 43.235 293.6 7.187 0.0922 0.271 0.213
B = 273.31 - 158.lOe( 87o m (3.10)

where, B is expressed in cm3/mol and T is expressed in Kelvin.

Because air as a gas mixture is so well characterised it may be
treated as a single component having the critical properties and
acentric factor as presented in Table 3.2. The correlation for the
22 Physical property data

Table 3.3 Second virial coefficients for equation (3.7) second virial correlation for dry air presented by Hyland and
Wexler (1983b) is used:

Component C2
B = 34.9568 _ 0.668772 x 104
nitrogen -4 -56 -12 T
(3.11)
oxygen -16 -62 -8 -3 0.210141 X 107 0.924746 X 108
----::-- +
helium 12 -1 T2 T3
neon 10.8 -7.5 0.4
where, B is expressed in cm3/mol and T is expressed in Kelvin.
carbon monoxide -9 -58 -18
carbon dioxide -127 -288 -118
argon -16 -60 -10 3.4 SECOND VIRIAL CROSS COEFFICIENTS
methane -43 -114 -19 -7 Very little empirical data is available regarding second virial cross
ethane -184 -376 -143 -54 coefficients. For the water-air system, the correlation presented by
propane -386 -844 -720 -574 Hyland and Wexler (1983b) is used:
n-pentane -1254 -3345 -2726
n-hexane -1961 -6691 -13167 -15273
BAW = 32.366097 _ 14113.8
T
n-heptane -2834 -8523 -10068 -5051 (3.12)
1.245535 x 106 2.348789 X 109
n-octane -4123 -13120 -16408 -8580 T2 T4
methanol -1752 -4694
ethanol -4475 -29719 -56716 where, B is expressed in cm3/mol and T is expressed in Kelvin.
n-propanol -2690 -12040 -16738 For the remaining systems the second virial cross coefficients
may be estimated using the empirical correlation proposed by Pitzer
n-butanol -2629 -6315 (1990):
acetone -2051 -8903 -18056 -16448
carbon tetrachloride -1600 -4059 -4653
diethyl ether -1226 -4458 -7746 -10005 (3.13)
 Third virial coefficients 23

In this equation Tris the reduced temperature defmed as:

'J (3.18)

(3.14)
where, C is the third virial coefficient, Pc is the critical pressure, Tc
is the critical temperature, R is the Universal gas constant, 00 is the
and the cross critical properties T , C;j
Ve
,j
,and 00I}.. are defmed as: acentric factor, and g] and g2 are both functions of the reduced
temperature:
JT c,
Tc) (1 - k I).. ) (3.15)
0.02432 0.00313
gl 0.01407 + (3.19)
Tr2.8 Tr1O•S
(3.16)
0.01770 0.040
g2 -0.02676 + +--
Tr2.8 Tr3.O
(3.20)
0.003 0.00228
(3.17)
Tr6•O Tr1O.S

In equation (3.13), c] = 0.442259 c 5 = -0.611142 Hyland and Wexler (1983a) present a correlation for the third
C2 = 0.725650 c6 = -1.24976 virial coefficient for water vapour for the pressure series form of the
C3 = -0.980970 C7 = -0.1151562 virial equation. Rewriting the correlation in terms of the volume
C4 = 0.218714 c8 = -0.189187 . series form, it becomes:
The adjustable parameter kij in equation (3.15) is set to zero in
the absence of reliable experimental data.
Cwww = T2[ 752.82 - 2.31788 e364S.09IT
(3.21)
3.5 THIRD VIRIAL COEFFICIENTS
+ 1.49755 e 3468.S8/T - 14.2446 e 1734.29IT] 10- 4
Correlations for the third virial coefficients are only available for
water vapour and dry air. For all other gases the generalised
empirical correlation of Orbey and Vera (1983) is used: where, Cwww is expressed in cm6/mol2 and T is expressed in Kelvin.
24 Physical property data

Hyland and Wexler (1983a) also present a correlation for the

-3

J J .
third virial coefficient for dry air as a function of absolute
[ Z Z 13 Z Z 13 ]
temperature: P = 4 (Z , + Z ) T ( e, ej + ( e, ej (3.25)
e,j e eJ e'i P P
Cj Cj

1.25975 X 103 _ 1.90905 X 105

T
(3.22) For the system involving water vapour in air, the correlations for
6.32467 x 107 the two third virial cross coefficients presented by Hyland and
Wexler (1983b) are used rather than the more general method of
Orbey and Vera (1983). The two correlations are:
where, CAAA is expressed in cm6/moe and T is expressed in Kelvin.
c = 482.737 + 1.05678 x 105 _ 6.56394 X 107
AAW T T2
3.6 THIRD VIRIAL CROSS COEFFICIENTS (3.26)
2.94442 X 1010 3.19317 X 10 12
+
For all systems other than water vapour in air the third virial cross T3 T4
coefficients, Cijk' are estimated using the empirical correlation of
Orbey and Vera (1983). Brugge et al. (1989) found this correlation
- 10.728876 + ~ ]
to be good for estimating the cross coefficients for three different ( (3.27)
_ 3.83383 x 10' + 3.3406 x 10'
systems. The correlation is: - 1.0 X 106 e P TJ

(3.23)
where, CAAwand CAWW are expressed in cm6/moI2, T is expressed in
Kelvin, and A and W refer to air and water respectively.
where,

3.7 VAPOUR PRESSURE

(3.24)
and g1 and g2 are both functions of Tr defmed in equations (3.19)
IJ
and (3.20). The cross critical temperature and cross acentric factor
are as defmed in equations (3.15) and (3.17) respectively. The
cross critical pressure is defined as:
Accurate correlations for the vapour pressure of the condensing
vapour component are essential for the correct construction of the
charts.
Hyland and Wexler (1983a) present a correlation for the vapour
pressure of water valid over the temperature range from 273.15 K
to 473.15 K:
 Isothennal compressibility 25

3 Table 3.4 Vapour pressure coefficients for equation (3.29)

In P v = L ci T i + 6.5459673ln T (3.28)
i- -I

where, Pv is the vapour pressure expressed in Pa, T is the absolute Component cl c2 c3 c4

temperature in Kelvin, and, n-pentane -7.25200 1.44708 -2.87333 -1.96464
Col = -5.8002206 X 103 C 2 = 4.1764768 X 10-5
Co = 1.3914993 C3 = -1.4452093 X 10-7 n-hexane -7.41167 1.32834 -3.14532 -2.46749
C l = -4.8640239 X 10-2
n-heptane -7.70799 1.44612 -3.66793 -2.54227
For the other vapours with the exception of carbon tetrachloride,
the correlation proposed by ESDU (1982, 1984) is used to predict n-octane -7.91796 1.43618 -4.08115 -2.65883
vapour pressure. The correlation is of the form:
methanol -8.48173 0.57085 -2.63162 -0.20051

In Pv = In Pc + : [C 1(1 - Tr) + c2(1 - Tr r12

ethanol
n-propanol
-8.33383
-8.11332
-0.21797
0.14612
-4.27288
-7.60583
2.31481
7.00215
r (3.29)

+ c3(1 - Tr)3 + c4(1 - Tr )6] n-butanol -8.02584 0.55425 -9.28156 6.21576

where, Pv and Pc are the vapour pressure and the critical pressure acetone -7.48660 1.29443 -2.66737 -2.55338
respectively and must have consistent units, and Tr is the reduced benzene -6.97961 1.32329 -2.60988 -3.38770
temperature. The values for the coefficients for the vapours of
interest are presented in Table 3.4 and have either been taken from toluene -7.25881 1.33129 -2.79827 -2.69277
ESDU (1982,1984) or have been regressed by the author from the diethyl ether -10.9553 11.50125 -23.8873 45.12717
literature.
For the prediction of the vapour pressure of carbon tetrachloride,
ESDU (1990) recommend the use of the correlation:

3.8 ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSmILITY

lnP v = lnP +
c
~[-
T 7.08474(1 - T)
r
r
The correlation for the isothermal compressibility of saturated liquid
+ 1.97056 (1 - Tr )1.5 - 2.2629 ( 1 _ Tr )2.5 (3.30) water over the range 0° to 150°C proposed by Kell (1975) is used:

- 2.761 (1 - T)5 ]

where, Pv and Pc are the vapour pressure and the critical pressure
1C = [
L 5
i=O
1 +
cit i

C6 t
1
X 10- 11
(3.31)

respectively, and Tr is the reduced temperature.

where, 1C is ~xpressed in 11Pa, t is expressed in °C
26 Physical property data

and for 0° ~ t ~ 100°C for 100° ~ t ~ 150°C Table 3.5 Isothermal compresibility coefficients for equation (3.33)
Co = 5.088496 X 10 1 Co = 5.0884917 X 10 1
C] = 6.163813 X 10- 1 C] = 6.2590623 X 10- 1 Component C1 C3 C4 Cs
C2
C2 = 1.459187 X 10- 3 C2 = 1.3848668 X 10-3
n-pentane 7036.855 -304.676 8.42046 0 985.804
C3 = 2.008438 X 10- 5 C3 = 2.1603427 X 10-5
n-hexane
C4 = -5.847727 X 10-8 C4 = -7.2087667 X 10-8
13.03995 422.8992 5.7756 0 33.9650
Cs = 4.104110 X 10- 10 Cs = 4.6545054 X 10-10
n-heptane 11.69856 0.121788 0 0 0
C6 = 1.967348 X 10- 2 C6 = 1.9859983 X 10-2 n-octane 9.843256 0.091896 0 0 0
The isothermal compressibility of ice is given by Hyland and methanol 10.69904 1.441475 0.01136 0 0.131248
Wexler(1983a) as: ethanol 9.789885 54.39748 0.260084 0.003103 5.49329
propanol 8.43 0 0 0 0
K = (8.875 + 0.0165 T) x 10- 11 (3.32) butanol 8.10 0 0 0 0
acetone 9.6973 0.12964 0 0 0
where, K is expressed in 11Pa, and T is expressed in Kelvin.
The variation in isothermal compressibility with temperature for benzene 8.26435 0.79424 0.010554 0 0.103
the other materials of interest may be adequately represented by a toluene 7.881715 5.99166 0.042221 1.93xlO-4 0.767662
correlation of the form: carbon 8.915441 26.89171 0.175001 0.001564 2.98225
tetracloride
diethyl ether 14.61982 0.224914 0 0 0
(3.33)

3.9 IDEAL GAS HEAT CAPACITY

where, K is expressed in 11Pa, and t is expressed in °C. Table 3.5
presents the values of the coefficients regressed for the materials of The ideal gas heat capacity for each gas, with the exceptions of
interest from the data presented by McGowan (1980). helium and neon, is assumed to be a cubic function of absolute
temperature:

Cp = C
1
+ c2 T + C
3
T2 + C4 T3 (3.34)

Reid, Prausnitz and Sherwood (1977) tabulate the ideal gas heat
capacity coefficients for a range of gases. These coefficients are
presented in Table 3.6, after they have been converted so that Cp
is expressed in JIg-mol K and T is expressed in Kelvin. The values
for helium and neon, taken from the ChemStations (1995) database
are assuI!led to be constant over the temperature range of interest.
 Molar volume of condensed phase 27

Table 3.6 Ideal heat capacity coefficient data for equation (3.34) 3.10 MOLAR VOLUME OF CONDENSED PHASE

Component c] Cz c] C4 The liquid molar volumes of many of the condensed vapours may
be related to temperature according to an equation of the form:
nitrogen 31.15 -1.357xlO-2 2.680x10-5 -1.168x 10-8
4
oxygen
helium
28.11
20.79
-3.680xlO-6
0
1.746xl0-s
0
-1.065xlO-s
0
10 Vc + L ci ( 1 - Tr)i/3 (3.35)
i= 1

neon 20.79 0 0 0
carbon monoxide 30.87 -1.285xlO-2 2.789xlO-s -1.272x lO-s where Vv< is the molar volume of the condensed phase and Vc is the
carbon dioxide 19.80 7.344x10-2 -5.602xlO-s 1.715xlO-s critical volume. The values for the coefficients are presented in
argon 20.80 -3.211x10-s 5.167x10-s 0 Table 3.7 and have been taken from ESDU (1987, 1989a, 1989b).
water 32.24 1.924xlO-3 1.055xlO-s -3.596xlO-9 For water and ice the correlations of Hyland and Wexler (1983a)
are preferred. They present a correlation for the density of water as
methane 19.25 5.213x10-2 1. 197xlO-s -1.132x lO-s
a function of temperature. From this an expression may be written
ethane 5.41 1.781xlO-1 -6.938xlO-s 8.713xlO-9 for the molar volume of water:
propane -4.22 3.063xlO-1 -1.586xlO-4 3.215xlO-s
n-pentane -3.63 4.873xlO- 1 -2.580xlO-4 5.305xlO-s v = - 61692.295 + 291.8088 T
n-hexane -4.41 5.820xlO-1 -3.119x1O-4 6.494x1O-s Vc S (3.36)
n-heptane -5.15 6.762xlO- 1 -3.651xlO-4 7.658xlO-s L
i-O
ciT i
n-octane -6.10 7.712xlO- 1 -4.195x10-4 8.855xlO-s
where, Vvc is the molar volume of water is expressed in cm3/mol,
methanol 21.15 7.092x1O-2 2.587x1O-s -2.852x1O-s T is expressed in Kelvin,
ethanol 9.01 2.141x10- 1 -8.390x1O-s 1.373x1O-9 and Co = -2403.360201 c] = -2.914492351 X 10-4
n-propanol 2.47 3.325xlO-1 -1.855xlO-4 4.296xlO-s c] = -1.40758895 C4 = 3.73497936 X 10-6
n-butanol 3.27 4.180x10- 1 -2.242xlO-4 4.685xlO-s Cz = 0.1068287657 C5 = -2.1203787 X 10- 10

acetone 6.30 2.606xlO- 1 -1.253xlO-4 2.038x1O-s Over the temperature range from 173.15 K to 273.15 K the
benzene -33.92 4.744x1O-l -3.017x1O-4 7.130x1O-s molar volume of ice is:
toluene -24.35 5.125x1O-l -2.765x1O-4 4.911x1O-s
carbon 40.72 2.049x10- 1 -2.270x1O-4 8.843xlO-s 19.276404 - 4.50266 x 10- 4 T
(3.37)
tetrachloride
+ 6.69468 x 10- 6 T2
diethyl ether 21.42 3.359xlO-1 -1.035xlO-4 -9.357xlO-9
where, Vvc is the molar volume of ice is expressed in cm3/mol and
T is expressed in Kelvin.
28 Physical property data

Table 3.7 Molar volume of liquids coefficients for equation (3.35) Table 3~8 Condensed phase enthalpy coefficients for equation
(3.38)
Component c] C2 C3 C4

methane 1.50636 -0.26215 -0.18911 0.17951 Component c]

n-pentane 1.68461 -0.35127 -0.42153 0.43531 acetone 14006 -19.20 o
n-hexane 1.71086 -0.36808 -0.44170 0.45997 carbon tetrachloride 9483.0 -11.538 o
n-heptane 1.72312 -0.37591 -0.45110 0.47146 diethyl ether 9887.4 -11.575 -0.05025
n-octane 1.73439 -0.38312 -0.45975 0.48204
methanol 2.01676 -0.67627 -0.65046 0.65046
ethanol 1.56755 1.03298 -2.83746 1.53790
-0.81721 3.11 LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
n-propanol 1.98079 -1.32674 1.36202
n-butanol 1.93521 -1.20353 1.25997 -0.75598 Keenan et al. (1978) tabulates the latent heat of vaporization of
benzene 1.74509 -0.73294 0.17091 0.16897 water. Regression of the data yields the correlation:
toluene 1.85724 -1.02024 0.51854 -0.00577
A = 2501.40 - 2.37341 t + 0.000805207 t 2
(3.39)
- 1.69018 x 10- 5 t 3 + 1.81383 x 10- 8 t 4
For acetone, carbon tetrachloride and diethyl ether, the liquid
density data of Vargaftik (1975) have been used to develop where, A is expressed in kJ/kg and t is expressed in °C.
correlations of the form: For butanol, acetone and carbontetrachloride, Yaws (1992)
recommends the use of a correlation of the form:
(3.38)

A = A l-=---=-Tc
- T J0.38 (3.40)
Tc - Tb
"vc
b
where, is expressed in cm3/mol and t is expressed in 0c. Values
for the coefficients are presented in Table 3.8.
where, Ab is the latent heat of vaporization at the normal boiling
point, Tb • The latent heats and the three temperatures are expressed
in consiste:q.t units. The values for Ab presented by Yaws have been
converted into kJ/kg and are presented in Table 3.9 along with
values for the normal boiling points.
 Condensed phase enthalpy 29

Table 3.9 Latent heat of vaporization data for equation (3.40) For all remaining vapours the correlation proposed by ESDU
(1973, 1974) is used:

Component A. b (kJ/kg) 6
~:::Ci (1 - Tr )il3 (3.41)
acetone 329.4 501.39
i-I

n-butanol 390.6 581.42

carbon tetrachloride 349.8 195.03 where, A. is expressed in kJ/kg. Values for the six coefficients for
each of the vapours are presented in Table 3.10. The coefficients
for some of the vapours have been regressed by the author from the
data of Vargaftik (1975).

3.12 CONDENSED PHASE ENTHALPY

Table 3.10 Latent heat of vaporization coefficients for equation
(3.41)
Weast and Astle (1980) tabulate the enthalpy of water to seven
significant figures. Non-linear regression yields the correlation:
Component c1 C2

n-pentane 664.736 -523.79 239.581 441.458 63.8916 -417.01 - 0.00115 + 4.21965 t + 0.198652 t 2
n-hexane 747.022 -539.02 170.964 280.819 -67.826 -123.73 - 2.93514 x 10-6 t 3 + 1.003624 xlO- 7 t 4 (3.42)
cyclohexane 1053.22 -1370.8 1433.86 -762.32 -329.47 566.020 1 + 0.0476516 t
n-heptane 171.016 971.174 -346.59 -2381.9 3676.47 -1642.0
n-octane 472.463 93.1351 -979.26 1082.30 1123.26 -1433.0 where, h! is expressed in kJ/kg, t is expressed in °C, and, the
methanol 2462.32 -4105.5 3120.83 4865.40 -2893.6 -2917.1 enthalpy datum condition is taken as liquid at O°C.
ethanol 1014.18 863.255 643.596 -780.73 -2051.7 1370.58 For the alkanes the correlation recommended by ESDU (1986)
is used:
propanol 2222.45 -8368.4 14566.8 -2870.3 -9655.7 4966.02
benzene 491.800 -337.75 419.803 3449.50 -7695.0 4452.87
toluene 705.696 -2124.4 8970.78 -18911 19431.4 -7637.1
diethyl ether 261.910 636.753 4.26865 -943.37 -208.20 986.280
30 Physical property data

For the alcohols and acetone, ESDU (1979, 1981) recommend

1- ~) -(1 - t )]
the use of a correlation of a different form:
- cJ, {[( T

1- ~) -(1 - t )]
+C,[+ - ~)-+ - t )]
hf = - cJ, {[( T

c,l( ~ J +-t J
T
(3.43)
+3c,l(l- ~r+-t rJ
~ c,l( ~ r-( t r
T
+ 1 - T J (3.44)

J
c·l( ~ J-( t JJ}
+ 1 - 1 - T

+!c·l(l- ~r +-t rJ}

+ 1 - 1 - T

here, ht is expressed in kJlkg, T, Tc and T datum are expressed in T

Kelvin, and the enthalpy datum condition is taken as a lIquid at
T datum' Values for the required coefficients are presented in Table
3.11.
where, ht is expressed in kJlkg, T, Tc and T datum are expressed in
Kelvin, and the enthalpy datum condition is taken as a liquid at
T datum' Values for the required coefficients are presented in Table
3.12.

Table 3.11 Condensed phase enthalpy coefficients for equation Table 3.12 Condensed phase enthalpy coefficients for equation
(3.43) (3.44)

Component c] C2 C3 C4
Component c] C2 C3 C4
n-pentane 3.1900 0.0130 -1.115 0.744
methanol -84.893 0.1550 -0.7130 -0.4725
n-hexane 3.3568 0.0095 -1.143 0.740
ethanol -127.809 0.1650 -0.7285 -0.4547
n-heptane 3.4542 0.0075 -1.142 0.720
n-propanol -163.419 0.1705 -0.7380 -0.4460
n-octane 3.5239 0.0063 -1.124 0.669
n-butanol -191.652 0.1740 -0.7440 -0.4417
acetone -17.005 0.1360 -0.7330 0.5220
 Henry's Law constants 31

ESDU (1975) gives correlations to predict the enthalpies of Table 3.13 Condensed phase enthalpy coefficients for equation

r- r1
liquid benzene and toluene. The correlations are of the form: (3.46)

~ ~ (I ~ ~
3c.l(1 ;:
Component

r- r1
= carbon tetrachloride 0.90839 6.64730xlO-4 1.27157xlO-6
diethyl ether 2.0540 1.23873x 10-3 4.03937x 10-6

~ C,[(I ~ ;: (I ~ ~
(3.45)

+
3.13 HENRY'S LAW CONSTANTS

+ C,[(I ~ ;: J~ (I ~ ~ Jl The solubility of the gas component in the liquid is considered by

making use of Henry's Law constants, kH • Based upon the data
and regressions presented in the volumes of the Solubility Data
where, ht is expressed in kJlkg, T, Tc and Tdatum are expressed in Series, Henry's Law constants may be related to temperature
Kelvin, and the enthalpy datum condition is taken as a liquid at through equations of the form:
Tdatum. For benzene, c] = -0.282, C2 = 2.340, and c3 = -0.802,
while for toluene, C j = -0.300, C2 = 2.687 and C3 = -1.207 . 1
For carbontetrachloride and diethyl ether, Yaws (1992) represent
kH =
(3.47)
the liquid specific heat capacity as a cubic function of absolute
temperature. Integrating and expressing the enthalpy in kJlkg we
obtain:

For the gases and liquids of interest values for C] , C2 and C3 are
presented in Table 3.14. kH is expressed in atm, and Tis expressed
(3.46) in Kelvin.
For water in carbon monoxide, Cargill (1990) recommends an
extended form of the equation to predict the Henry's Law constant:

where, the temperatures are expressed in Kelvin. Table 3.13 1

presents the values for the coefficients. The values calculated kH=--~------------------------------~ (3.48)
15260
using this simple correlation agree well with the tabulated values of exp - 427 .66 + _ _ + 67.843 In T - 0.07046 T
T
Beaton and Hewitt (1989).

where, kH is expressed in atm, and T is expressed in Kelvin.

32 Physical property data

Henry's Law constant for a mixture may be calculated from the

Table 3.14 Henry's Law coefficients for equation (3.47)
composition of the gas and the values of the Henry's Law constants
for the individual components:
Gas Vapour c] c2 c3 Data Source
N2 HzO -181.587 8632.13 24.7981 Battino (1982)
C SH12 -9.9719 1024.26 0 Battino (1982)
1
kmix- i
_

-
E. X.J
kj - i
(3.49) C6H14 -6.3942 -55.3875 0 Battino (1982)
H J H
C7H 16 -6.0478 -166.951 0 Battino (1982)
CSHlS -5.9828 -194.827 0 Battino (1982)
where kHmiX • i is the Henry's Law constant for a gas mixture in CHpH -8.1708 -6.97967 0 Battino (1982)
liquid i, Xj is the mole fraction of component j in the dry gas C 2H sOH -7.9531 4.43802 0 Battino (1982)
mixture and kJ . i is the Henry's Law constant for gas component C3H7 OH -7.9060 25.7433 0 Battino (1982)
j in liquid i.
C4HgOH -7.6451 -11.166 0 Battino (1982)
CH3COCH3 -22.1720 377.545 2.34933 Battino (1982)
Thus, Henry's law constant for air in liquid i is:
C6H 6 -6.0554 -495.673 0 Battino (1982)
C6H SCH3 -6.2758 -371.675 0 Battino (1982)
1 0.780849 0.209479
+ CC14 -22.1869 407.891 2.3634 Battino (1982)
k Air - i k;,-i k%,-i
H
(3.50) C2HPC 2Hs 32.7008 -1382.81 -6.14581 Battino (1982)
0.009340 0.000314 0.000018 O2 HzO -179.344 8747.55 24.4526 Battino (1981)
+ + +
kAr i k~o,-i k Ne - i C 5H12 -10.4699 1276.11 0 Battino (1981)
H H
C6H14 -11.7442 1645.59 0 Battino (1981)
C 7H 16 -11.0656 1437.28 0 Battino (1981)
CSHlS -6.08479 -14.5340 0 Battino (1981)
CHpH -8.2471 137.42 0 Battino (1981)
C2HpH -7.8738 126.93 0 Battino (1981)
C 3HPH -7.59492 0 0 Battino (1981)
C4H9OH -7.6234 145.53 0 Battino (1981)
CH3COCH3 -26.2178 718.725 2.936 Battino (1981)
C 6H 6 -30.1649 874.157 3.53024 Battino (1981)
C 6H 5CH3 -6.62770 -107.597 0 Battino (1981)
CC14 -10.4321 163.87 0.5541 Battino (1981)
C 2HPC 2H5 26.1922 -953.953 -5.1785 Battino (1981)
 Henry"s Law constants 33

Table 3.14 Henry's law coefficients for equation (3.47) Table 3.14 Henry's law coefficients for equation (3.47)

Gas Vapour c] c2 c3 Data Source Gas Vapour c] c2 c3 Data Source

Ar HzO -150.4137476.27 20.1398 Clever (1980) Ne HzO -139.967 6104.94 18.9157 Clever (1979)
CSH12 -11.77201761.17 0 Clever (1980) CSH12 -7.79935 0 0 Clever (1979)
C 6H14 -7.12889342.011 0 Clever (1980) C6H14 -5.70400 -654.724 0 Clever (1979)
C7H 16 -6.49564 149.924 0 Clever (1980) C 7H 16 -5.69462 -670.155 0 Clever (1979)
C SHIS -6.32149 90.0095 0 Clever (1980) C SHIS -5.11454 -837.445 0 Clever (1979)
CH30H -8.11297 119.596 0 Clever (1980) CHPH -7.09257 -695.365 0 Clever (1979)
C2HsOH -7.6107069.8312 0 Clever (1980) C2 HsOH -6.65200 -736.535 0 Clever (1979)
C 3H7OH -20.2697 783.004 1.83978 Clever (1980) -9.0 0 0 estimated
C3HPH
C4H 9OH -18.2232743.153 1.53183 Clever (1980)
C4HPH -8.9 0 0 estimated
CH3COCH3 -6.23886 -228.966 0 Clever (1980)
CH3COCH3 -4.69370 -1211.40 0 Clever (1979)
C6H6 -6.41470 -184.587 0 Clever (1980)
C6H6 -4.84717 -1258.90 0 Clever (1979)
C6HSCH3 -6.52186 -87.6197 0 Clever (1980)
C6HSCH3 -5.71567 -934.205 0 Clever (1979)
CCl4 -6.78033 51.8152 0 Clever (1980)
CCl4 -10.0 0 0 estimated
C2HsOC2HS -2.74887 0 0 Clever (1980)
-7.25 Fogg (1992)
C2HsOC2Hs -8.9 0 0 estimated
CO2 H2O 0 0
CH4 HzO -215.301 10447.9 29.7802 Kertes (1987)
CSH12 83.727 -2635.9 -13.906 Fogg (1992)
CSH12 -5.11267 0 0 Kertes (1987)
C6H14 26.213 -429.93 -5.1244 Fogg (1992)
18.584 -61.706 -4.0034 Fogg (1992) C 6H14 -6.92496 485.402 0 Kertes (1987)
C7H 16
26.213 -429.93 -5.1244 Fogg (1992) C 6H6 -6.66791 147.786 0 Kertes (1987)
CSHlS
CHpH -49.919 3484.7 5.2865 Fogg (1992) C6HSCH3 -7.79695 522.144 0 Kertes (1987)
C2HsOH -22.278 2027.1 1.8521 Fogg (1992) C2H6 H 2O -250.812 12695.6 34.7413 Hayduk (1982)
C3H7OH -52.708 3312.9 6.4248 Fogg (1992) ~H8 H2O -283.828 14434.5 39.474 Hayduk (1986)
C4H9OH -52.475 3272.5 6.4171 Fogg (1992) He H 2O -105.977 4259.62 14.0094 Clever (1979)
CH3COCH3 -10.599 1980.7 -0.0028 Fogg (1992)
C 6H6 -18.437 1296.5 1.6511 Fogg (1992)
C6 HSCH3 -13.921 1547.7 0.72764 Fogg (1992)
CCl4 -4.54 0 0 Fogg &
Gerrard (1991)
C2HsOC2HS -4.54 0 0 Fogg (1992)
4

The Psychrometric Charts Water-Air 36-73

Water-Nitrogen 74-95
Water-Methane 96-113
Water-Helium 114-119
Water-Neon 120-125
Water-Argon 126-131
The procedures, data and correlations presented in Chapters 2 and Water-21 % CO2, 79% N2 132-146
3 have been used to prepare the 274 psychrometric charts presented Water-l0% CO2, 90% N2 147-159
in this Chapter. They may be used in accordance with the Water-Natural Gas (A) 160-165
instructions in Chapter 1 to determine the physical property data for Water-Natural Gas (B) 166-171
mixtures of gases and vapours. Water-Martian Atmosphere 172-177
In using the charts to evaluate the enthalpy of a gas-vapour the
user should take special care to note the enthalpy datum conditions n-Pentane-Air 178-183
for the individual charts. For the gas component the datum n-Hexane-Air 184-189
condition is 1 atm pressure at either O°C or 25°C. For the n-Heptane-Air 190-195
condensing vapour component the datum condition is the liquid at n-Octane-Air 196-201
the saturation presslJre at either O°C or 25°C.
In some of the charts at lower pressure, the condensing vapour Methanol-Air 202-207
component boils at the higher temperatures. In these regions the Ethanol-Air 208-213
relative humidity curves are not drawn. Propanol-Air 214-219
It should be noted that all the charts in this book have been Butanol-Air 220-225
prepared using the procedures and data presented in Chapters 2 and
3. While experimental data is not available to test the predictions Acetone-Air 226-234
made for most of the systems, the charts prepared using those same Benzene-Air 235-243
procedures for the water-air system agree extremely well with the Toluene-Air 244-255
widely accepted standard charts published by ASHRAE (1989). Carbon Tetrachloride-Air 256-261
Every effort has been made by the author to check the data and Diethyl Ether-Air 262-267
correlations used, however it is the user of the carts who must
accept responsibility for their use. Acetone-Nitrogen 268-273
The systems for which psychrometric charts are presented are Benzene-Nitrogen 274-279
listed below together with the appropriate page numbers. Toluene-Nitrogen 280-285
 The psychrometric charts 35

n- Pentane-Methane 286-291
n- Hexane-Methane 292-297
Benzene-Methane 298-303
Toluene-Methane 304-309
36 Psychrometric charts

WATER-AIR SYSTEM 240

230 45 50
0.50 atm pressure 35/ :'1/ l'-.. /: I
' • I

7r7- l"- t---: bL~J,.,

•
.080
220
/ 17'I"- r-:-I. f.I : II ~'
Enth alpy datum: liquid water 0.01 T, 0.00603 atm I. V .f :-1:-N .076
210
<-.:::,
I : ".J - I :' I "
"
I'-- ~ k
dry air O.OO°C, LOO atm "'<:-f..
----, r-,. .072
200 I I ./ . ... /
190 r-- ~ / : I -~ --.. I-- : .068
To o btain true enthalpy add enthalpy / II 7 ~ --.. A t-,

devi ation to enthalpy at saturation 180 '---- X / t-- r;..

-/ 1""- . . 1/ ,064

-
A / j- r- h .~ ."",, -"':;k
#' 170 ~
-V / rJt t-.= L
- r::-hi.X; Po
'"
,060
o~
-
/ l'-.. 7- "-.. :V
I"
30/ I-,l /
'S-'f-~
- -.:bL-
160 ~ 7'- I-- ~ :
,056
\...'f' 150 / V l,T.' --'" -d- I-- ./ ~ :
...
·o~ L f=
--A- I: . ~' ~
r-- ~
-.,., /
-:--
'iii

-
.052

- bL-
~
A I :'
" -'" r.- -
~7f 140 ·o~ / ~
~ ,
~ : ~
1;-Cj
~ ~7f
~
.0' / I.A' ~ / Lo/ fL-..; /' r.--:
.048
"0

'" -
130
-
'---- hi "X ~ r.t-- t-- / / :
co~ eo \...
--
: -~~ 0>

- bL-- . ."..:.: 1/~ -r-r--V b :'

.::.!
~~., /
17" - -'
120 ~v ~~
~,
/ hoC "/!. 0>

""
' .044

- 7 -- ""- ~
-
~~ . ~ eo,flf 25/ 7 ." -I"- ~ ~r" .::.!

o
/
7 F';: ~
""
D" : r- /
110 ~~ ~~ "'-
1""- r-- -i-- I-- ' .040 ~

-
,0 ~ ~ / I"- ~ ~ "-Q: ~ f<C- / '6

-
,is' <::
- 'E
100 ~ \~ ~ ~- i - t-- ':-', / ~ -7 ,036

,- -"" -'" K: V
.....,., k: "
-:- -
/ W-":; ""- r--,. ~ I"-

-
v/ ~: :J

'"v""-
90 rc- ""-
/ t-- -:til ~ 7- !('" I-- /: I"- r::-;
,032
~

:" -
Q)
20/ p- I-- K /.- /?:
80 "- ~ i-- P"'- ~' / b-.. .2
--, ..<:..
~ ,

- - -
/ ' 7""'- ~ V ·' T,- I-- ~ v~~ :' V l -I-- "7"- I"- 0
v .028

-
: D- r-. g., (/)

-
<"" "<;t-

-
70 ;-,. c..b / ' t-- L ~' 1":7 I-- : ~. .0

60 1
-c..... A' '7 -,.,:.
,..c:::: 17 - "/
~
- '"
--!,..c:::: ~ ---.:
:n~ .<::J

- - --
- """ - -
-
,;.c::.
...... ?
;/' '---
-:-
~ :
:"/ f--;
~
'.
1"..........,
-.. ,024 <C

-
./:

- - -
-:---
, ;-<. -:-

-
50 ? ~ /' ,~, ~ "--..... -.....l ,/" X-- -f-- / ,,:oc:;.
.020

- - '.--- -< - --= ,< - ------...::. ""-- :--

:--- 7' '-- :.::::"
,- -
......:.,..
I "
,..::: I ./
/j"'=-- ....c::: ~ ./ ~ ~ -;.<:::
......,. 0:;-- ~
40 ~ /i
/ "..<::. ~ .<. ~, p ..:::... '~'" "J -.....:

--
~
.016
::>"' "--..... -> c: ..... -;;;: : - ~'

""--- -......:
1 / ~ ."...:::t" /' ~ ~ ~ .-' """'-' ~ ~

- --
-2 > -< .-::::: """ :>?" "--.....
- - - -- --- - - '-.-- -
::::-:............
- - --=-
30 ::>-< .,.....:: ~ ..d::
'$ ~ <- ~ ~ '<' .->"«
.0 12
c::::: >
- --
-- - .... - - - - ---:.- ---- - -
<.. ..2 <-- ::; ....::::::. -:=- c-
>""
-= .2 ~ ~
I
>- =. . ~ ~ ~ )'

<
~

::>< :::::
20

--- -
-"...
'v·
"-..... <: ?F- ~
, ~....c::: ~~ -gI.
S!'- ~, "'B :-- ~
.008

- -<:: - """- ........ -,.

15 :':::::::::R -=:"" 1 ~ ::-- "'-
- -- - - -- " - - - -
~ '""""""-

- --- --
---.;

1--:. ..:.:... -:... ...,.,......

- -, -
10 ::::-:::-r- ....... -....; '~
0
~. ~
-
""""""',
.004
5 =:::::::: 1-- ---..: .~ ::::.. ..:.:... -:' ~~ ..,..,.. ........
~ --I ;-- ~ ..:..:.....

, . "
-...;" ~ -t- ;- I-- ~ ~I-- F:::::jr--+-=::t----j~N I-- N
, . "'
r-. N 1--, "4~N ~" ~r---+- --I--I
r--: .'t":-:-:"'N I-- N
,000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

 Psychrometric charts 37

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
0.50 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water 0.01 'C, 0.00603 atm 1900

2000

I
I
I
/
70
...
V
,

II
I
I
"

I
- - ---
, , 80
"

: -
1 •• 1 ....

--. r--
90 100
,800

.760

- -
:
dry air O.OOT, 1.00 atm 1800 I II I ~ 4.l'ifl .720
I / I l--
I I I /

;7
1700 .680

-- -- --
Too btain true enthalpy add enthalpy
devl ation to enthalpy at saturation
I
/
/ II
/ r--,
I
- :
~
.640

/ / /
-
.~' 1500 .600
~
I I I I i:"-- r--
I I / II i--' r-'u

~
.560
I I I :1 I ....
~O; :1
..::? 1300 /
L
7
/
~ i--
I
/
I
;/ .520 '(ij

,- --
~
~ / / / 1 1-1~ '--
.480
"0

~? - --
OJ
,;§'If / ':':
:z .."'.
~

1100
/ ;!..; / .440
""-
OJ
1 0)/
C;)I§
/ / .V 'b: ' 3.5'0 ~

~
~o
~ 60
/ '/ r~: ,,' -:--
~~~1/
~'lf
~'lf .C)\ / / n\O V / .j / ~'"
.400 ~
'0
~\... l- -/.. 0/ 1--,' / 1/ "Y' 'E
<v~/
C;)'lf 0 .360
~CJ -# ./
-rr- c) '

-
:J
..c
800
:;9'lf
.~
~'lf
Q'O
/ / / / I-- ' '
.320 Q)

~~ / / / / / 17- - ,' -. . ?:'

-
.C> :J
\>" ,'0 / / /' V' / '0
700 /
/ / / / . / / ~o.:' --: .:::... .280 (/)
.0
/ / / r,.,C) V ,/ I.'
<C
v V I / . ,/ V .240
6y ~,~.-

500/
50/ / 7" '---. /' .... 0\ / V .200
./ /' ,/ ,/ ./ ... oJ.? ;--- r-- l,,/ /'

400 L ./ V /' V /' /' , ,.:.. .160

'L ,,/ ,,/ /.
/' / . r--r-- .- 1''''''1 vO//j me (.h~kn
../ .-/ ......... ..,... ...... --r-:. " :' "'. ::IU
300//
./
'v /" ......... v ..... . '
......- I ;" .- ...- .120

20 0"
Y' ..< ' '''- -----
...- ,.-"
:
.080
,
, - , .040
100
'. . ...
~
~ "
.. ." .000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

38 Psychrometric charts

140

wATER-AIR SYSTEM
130 40 45
0.8 o atm p ressure ~ ., ., 50
/ . .040
f I r-- 'J l\ ~ : 1/
:V / t-:--

-- -
/ -- -/;. V: :~~ :
--
.'
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O I·C, 0,00603 atm 120
.t \ : .038
L I:' ~ ..... / 'v' I'--- K j .
r r-- : I

-
t-- \ :/ :

-- it:--- -----
dry air O,OO·C, 1.00 atm .J' :' \ .036
11 0 30L \
Ij: -/.!. . j r-- 1\ : :)(- ...;.
I '- : I : -- :

-
f--. ~.\ .034
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy L / : ~ ..J.. .' j ' \ .:-r .:
:
\ .
: W::: :\,- p-
dey iation to enthalpy a t asturation
,~,
f-.- if...: ,K -j.. . J '-:-.....: I..... :

-
~ 100 .' .032
/ 7· k .\ I :' y.. ~ -..;
\
0<:\
I : --. (.... ' ~
I .' Y :1'---
/ :
:

-,--
I : I ':'-1'-,(.
~<:>.>
~~
\..
90 / v . I... / V 7--: --, ' X
r-- ~ : :
--- ~
.030
f-.-J 1\ / : -- ~ :'\ I-.. f/ --- ~ :

-
. Q{:-
v. "-.. .' 1/ .028
/ Z '\ ../. r-.. -/..

-
~ ~ ..:.... .....
~.s 80 25 J --/- / \ .' j--.. k / \ --'p.:..... : - -..:.. \: / : ---
.026 '(ij
~'i:) I:S..: ;c:::::: -.,c\ / r-.::. / : :-;::. ";"-::: A : ~~ :
, Q{:- ~
~'- ;:,: / /: \ --:-
~
~~'\ ~ / ().~ 1/>1 -,.:-...,/ ' / \ .....,,:, 1/ - : -0
r

- --- -' - -
/ r-:::::: :z [\(~ . / ----;. --L .024
~.s 00' \,/ 16;? .\ :
--
~~ 70 ~ OJ

---
~
C:J~ \.. 0)\ '--.
~
L<'¥ "-- ."-\- /
--
<v~ <-- / .s: ~ -.....:~ : ~ ?-
~v ~ro .022 OJ
~
.r§> 0....~
~/ ~ \ /' "'- I-. ~: \ 17- 0 ~ : r.--+-. 'x ~

/ 1\' "?Z ,7 ~ v. ~ S -y. : r-... \ ,020

-
60 '?-~ f$-'? ~.

---
"

,0 20 / f-::::: l2< l,) "-;;: ~ 7 [--:<:.. / .\ --: '/ 1 ~: ~: ; 1\- 1--.' ') ~
/. - ' : \ ;:;,
"0

-
f-.- / :7 I--.. "/ ""~ / -r-.. : -.....; ../
'E

-
c.. V ~ ~ .018

-
r-:.:.. L I

-
50 '/" t--.. X~ ~ .' --;} ~ ~: ~ ,/

-
::::l
-."Q '! /
'" " ~ r-- P: IV

-
.L:
6 ./ ~ i:;>< ~~ \ --....!... :::::.;,

-
.016
><-
Q)
""-. ~ .7

-
C ./<....... r->< -L ."\- I-- l~ K \

-
...:...:. "

V: ::::l
~:

" V ---...:... ;:-;..

-
"" ~

-
40 "'-- <.... l/.'l . / K., : \ -...;.

-- 15 .L ./ ~ v0 ~~. (5
</
'-
.014
~

:-- /.1

-
:;.<: ./ ' ./" :->-J ~ ./ '--- . / ' ./' M-;:. >- ~ \ "-...I VJ

_.
-
--- '- .0
«

,
-
v
~ ../ --:;.<: '-f'\- .1J9\ - : --- y

-
/" '\- I _ 7 ">1......-; ,: .--/
-- --
~ /:"---j

-
"- .012
30 j'--.., Z \. >'<.,-- / ~ i<.. ~ .21 ,/' - ,i-..., ...... ....... :-- : \' ~

- -
'--: ~~ /
::- '<- / ">< "\ -.... =< \ X ~ ->:/ .-...: : \'- .-.....:
--- '\- - : r-- __
,/'

, --
;-~
10 " ~

--
.010
< :' '\'' ">: 7 : -

-
>< \.. :/' <...... ...... . /<-\j....:.. --,.. / . ~ ~

-
/~ ,/' \ ..\-

-- -
~> --- --.... --- ~

-
20 --></ ....... ,"'1 ": ...... ."-
::-.., V <...... V \:) k \'-
-.
- -_"-. -
.
X :: ">< ~ <\( ~ ~ 1:--- ~

--' --
~ ::::: ...... ......., .x <""',,>-<, ?" ~ ./" >< '\ :::::::: .......-i ? --:-. \ '''';'' - : .008

"
,- " >< -...:i

-- - - -
\" ~ ~ ><' -..:...
::!: I--- > >- ;< > <.... -:> : -> 1 '< I " Sl>< -:- 1\- ><; .
---
- -
<1 -.......J '. \" :--...
--- ---
-
"'i:,... .~~ '.
~ o.i.--
,006
-->< -.....: ' - 1....--' -< ---
-
><- ><.:>< ? <:... ..,- ¥ -.\ ,.:> ~ :..<- - ' -........~ \7 ~ --, .. -.....: "
---
-...:..

---- - - -- - - -'.- ".-

\'><:
10
~><-'\~ ...,->< -~- > - ---
---
;::::.. --..;...,. .-- :s. ---
>< '.~ <- . . . r-... \ "": ?...
...... ~
-...:.. --- N 35 '\ ---
--
~ I-- ;::>... ~
:::::::-=::::<:?<::. - ";::: -< ><~ -- '\:::: -:.,.. i'><:: ?- < :--- \' I-w o/~ ~ ~i en '-...., .. ' \ - ......
I--. '\ ~ r--.. '. --- -,... .004
--
~
5
::::--=::: """"= :::s:: 0"- b- ~ KJ:. r-:... I--.. \' >-.
;::;;.... ,
: ;:.. h.. ~ :;. -:-- \-.. .? "':- ~ :-::-,. \ ">- .........: .002
r--r-- ~ ~ ..:.... ...... --\..1~- -....: .... -r---,~~ :-- r--
:--
~ :--., .......... '
N ~ 0 1--' .~
N ~. ~ r-- ~ ""-Il~
---
, '
'1-.. ...... .,.--..
"- :--'iI
r--. ~ r-- '-...,., ~ ""- I--. .:-:,--......J r-- '\--.. '\ r--..:.... "
N ". I"\'t--..
"
t--.. . \ - r-.. ". t--.. '\ ---
.000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 39

WATER- AIR SYSTEM

0.80 atm pressure
.580
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.Ol °C, 0.00603 atm
.560
O.OO°C, 1.00 atm 1400 / / / ... ~___ r::.:~
dry air
I I, / . / r-,t:-.. .540
.520
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
-------- .500
.480
.460
.440
.420
.400 ~

'iij
.380 ~
"0
.360 0>
..:.c:
-..
.340 0>
...:.c:
.320
.300 ~
.280 '0
'E
.260 :J

---'
.s:::
.240 Q)
......
:J
.220 (5
en
.200 .0
- r--r- :..} I «

--
/ 1: I :
I : .180

-- --
.160
:
.140

'. -
.120
:/ 1.fa
.100
.080
.060
.040
.020
.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

40 Psychrometric charts

140
WATER- AIR SYSTEM
130 3 ~ ~% , ~
0.90 atm pressure / II \ ,Z--t"----. V -- :I :
.040
t--.. .i I! ,: I h'- ; r-:- __
Enthalpy datum: liquid water 0.01 "C, 0.00603 atm .038
120 / II ~ .\ :' / --r-\: j
dry air O.OO"C, 1.00 atm ~ .b'- /: : 1":---
'\ ; ....,~ : x. ' : ---....;, .036
/ \ I'I 1'--.1
110 b, --- -:/.. : I / • .1'-7 . j I :
.034
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy / J:'r\.. .f: .~ ;' 1/ : \."r:-'-- / :
deviation to enthalpy at saturation '-.... ---..,l / : ---r-;.,.( : .- -
100 .032
30/ 17"--.1:1\ --<o..j. '\ V .'-..... : 'X
f:-...: L ' :' N.,(· : -....:).,..,L : : ....... ~
.030
/ r\ 1/ : 1'---'- .' /\ ~ '\ I:'-- 1/ .\.>;,
~ .x. :' / --K' \ :--'fL : \ : / f'---r-.. !o·
.028
I :'\-K: I : ~ .. / ~ : r\;. .
J 17( : X r--, ' / : \ -:-,.z.. .\V ~ : .026
....
'co
~
'0
.024 0'1
~

.022 ---
~
C'l

60 .020 ~
:.0
.018 'E::;,
50 £
.016 Q)
"5
40 .014
'6
C/)
.0
<{
15 X .' / 1--......,. ,: ~<'~/ --..... -- /' ,~~ --- 1. . . . . \' ~ 1--
>-\. '.l::./ - ___ : \--.:..... < --- __ . --..... .012
1 /

30 /-<. /~~ --X :><S' ,;:;::::':2'

-S;><-.. L' :xC 'So: ><.... .' :<__ oIft' --:>:<. -- /" ('" ~ _ : ---.\.;.....--" -.. .;. S·--- .010
1 ?"-.,IZ ':)K ....... ?<-.~ -....:~ .--_ Ilt'':><~ -...;. ~ ~ f:--:,<:"'" \ - ___ : ---....... : ---_ .
20 <......... :< --k >__ >< : 5. 1.' - - / "'-/. \ ><-.: - ___ 1\ ><', ---~ : -- : ,-...:.. ....-- .008
< >---.."">:::-"" <:"'" ...... ~ ........ --..::-f" -- ;><:....... "3f.:;J!.."""'" \ - - ;' I -- --- ·P t ~ --- --- \ -...:.. ;-.."><~---
<1>:--.... :>-? ---...,..... ...... __ S;:><:::.. 1>< : '\-__ ....--< : -4. : >< -- :-....: '- 0;> ,---___ \-.. .. >- -...: '\ :--J .006

.004

.002
N .000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 psychrometric charts 41

WATER-AlR SYSTEM
0.90 atm pressure
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.Ol °C, 0.00603 atrn
.420
dry air O.OO °C, 1.00 atm
.400

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .380

deviation to enthalpy at saturation .360

.340

.320

.300
-'co
.....
~
.280 "0

--
0>
~
.260
i---~
I, -I-- - 1. 0 ~
,240

-,..... "'-:---_ ;f.p .: .200

--l-
, - r-,:..
.180
f-::... \
.160
I .140

.120

.100

.080
'. .060

100 -j.
£.
o
e {,., --
T" :n:-' .040
020

~. ," '. , I ,

50
'J

60 70 80 90 100 110 120

000

30 40
Dry bulb tem per atur e ("C)
42 Psychrometric charts

140
WATER-AIR SYSTEM
130 40 50
0.95 atm pressure
35/ V ."7 t--: rv :. J r-,:: J\ I : .040

Enthalpy datum: liquid water 0.01 ·C, 0.00603 atm 120 / / --;I... f\ :" -- -..,:.... :I . \ .038

dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 atm .036

110
.034
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .032
100

.030

.028
....
.Cij
.026
~
""C
.024 Cl
-....
~
Cl
.022 ~

60 .020 ?:-
'5
.018 ·E
50 :::J
.c
.016 <1>
"S
40 "0
.014 CI)
.0

.012
«
30
.010
20 1 ~ /'--,< >< .. V-:o....... >r-... ~< :'---.... ::>;<l\... ~ ~ -- __ ""\-- ~ : ..........
1__

<J,;>:::";-./ -....,< >< "\::>< ---..J.' ? :o.......~1 Ofd ><- -.:...: \ N <""? ' '-.. \ --__ : , __ : >. ~ .008

.006

.004

.002

o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 psychrometric charts 43

W A TE R -A IR SYSTEM
110 12 0
0.95 atm pressure .440

Enthalpy da tum : liquid water 0.01 ·C, 0.00603 atm .420

~
dry air O.OO· C, 1.00 atm t--- i - T
r--: t---
jV .400

To obtain tru e enthalpy

add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at
saturation

,120

.100

.080

.- 'Pee fie
:-- +-- ,Uh
.060

........ I'" ,040

-
-I
I aTri •.;r~
c-.,.
100 -!- I
'.I
r
i:
0 I
, I
;::: .020
,
.. "
" .000
30 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature

("C)
44 Psychrometric charts

WATER-AIR SYSTEM 140

40 50
1.00 atm pressure .040
130 / V' : II -;:"1 Y.
O.OI·C, 0.00603 atm I -- --.;. '\ / . --- t--- .I ,038
Enthalpy datum: liquid water 35/ / tr' i"\-r-.. / :
dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 atm 120 r---..L : I I \: r r::-- / '
-~ ,036
I IL -;;(.1 r--r-:. X
'-\ : /,-~. 1/ --r--: ,034
110
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy / bt - -/.. :' \ /1'-- / :\.i.Q-
deviation to enthalpy at saturation ......... ;. \ f.'f- X : N::::"
100
/ v.: ---..j:.. :/ :' ' / ~ : V .r--Y
,032

A.
I --~
/ :
J
7.\-
... r- \. ---~V
r--
.030

:v........ /
: /
\ -,...;
--~. 1fZ~
,028
30 \ r:-r-. / :
/ ~I'-- / . / : ........ y '7 -f-_ /' r-- '-
'co
r---../ 1\/ : ........ 1{ . r-- _ V ,: r-x : ,026
~
"C
.024

--
C>
~

.022 C>
~

.020 ~
60
U
.018 'E
/'---6.( ~I?" r-- L . /'S /~~ /[s-,; ........ \ ~ r<-r-. : '-'\- ::J
.c
50 ./" '-\ L 71:-- ./ \':><. : /':-:-. \ /' "':!t~: --,,~, "-::: :
.016 Q)
'5
'0
40 .014 en
..c
«
.012
30
.010

20 .008

.006

.004

.002

o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 45

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
1.0oatm pressure
80 .. 90 100 11 0 120

'00/;/~
.400
•• f , • I, •

I : .1 f'-... r--...~80
17 I If I T---.. ......
En thalpy datum: liquid water O.Ol°C, 0.00603 atm I I r--..... I I ;-. t--... .380
7 7 F ... / / -:--.

;/
dry air O.OO°C, 1.00 atm :
.360
7 1 -----:- I-.... :

L
r /
7
I
1--- / : ......
---;. t"O .340
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy / : :
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation r "'F / / /:
...........
r-::-.. :

;/
!:' / : . . . r--.. : .320
/ 7 ........., j: /
.~\ .300
/ / 7 7 ........., : : r--..
o(\~ 7 l r--.. /
701 / / /. K
r- ......... :
~.Rft
.280
......... 1 ~
..:y.,*,0:> 700
f / ' 1:. I / : .V I---
~

,
'iij
~ / / CI!- i--.. 7 I: / ;.:,: r---- : :
.260

-
~
~L
~o
, / : V ~.

--- "0

L
I--- . .240
~q)- 600 I / 1/ I ' I ~ ........ 1 / :s: C)
..::.t:.
/ 7 I 7 : , 17 7 .: I 'r--. ~: I : ......... ·50
.....
-..
~o~
C)
:
~I;:)q)- o ......... 7 :- --,t.. .220 ..::.t:.

it;-~~ ~.j.q)- \....0\ / 1/0); "r:;z.:; 7 7 / ':. ; /

---
.200 ~
~ 50~ ~0
/ / V ;' '/f-- 1/ 1:::. / ",,':

L
'0
I;:)q)-
/ 7 : / 1 -..;; .::, . / ........
'E
..
~CJ ~ I~ / h--..
---I
«,,<:::'- .180
'$:)q)- ~q)- 1/ '07 V :/ :::J
: ..c
""-t: ;.::
---
&-q)- 9,0
60/ --.Ii / 1
/ ~ :
~ ,0~ / r ..,.Q
_, co .160 Q)
/ li f
400L
/ / /
/
;.Z..,:
I ;
~ I
.....
\"-- ..... :
:20
L
1

- ---
.140
'0/ 7 ----I... ./
r/)
/ : .0
/ / / 10/ / I /' : <X:
.. ........ :' .....
3ooLi' /.. /' / / Y'
'"
7 /" :
.120

---
~.

/ / "c
I/" / "/ "'::: 1 -..:...
L 50./1 /' ~ /' ./ I / I ..... .100

>< --- .......

-
L /' / , / /. / ....<:5 ,/ : I
.080
200~ ./1/ / -
,/ . .? ........ :
/'""i><1 ,/ 0/0 .-;: : ~

---
L ..-1 ~C'\
.060
L .u I ,/ --,., .....-: . ./ ...... 1 I ..-+-' ..:.......: ?O
, ...-
-.
-L ...... ..- --;y .-? ..- :
""
~ 0<'"
L .t:::Ir
100 :::, .040
I II",
I
I
, 'j
~"I

rte ((h'
I I
I
.020
,
. , .. , .000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature rC)

46 Psychrometric charts

140

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
130
40 , .. , ... ;-,.,.. 50 038
1.05 atm pressure / 17 :l/k J : "FQ;,7 .
0.01 ·C, 0.00603 atm 120
/ . . . r-; V r--t-- f7 : ~,
Enthalpy datum: liquid water 'i .'f-t-.. . \" 'i:'-- 7 '\ . .036
dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 atm
35A
/......,,~ : r~ II ,r,:... .
.034
110 / A:7'- V---i. II
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .032
/ i7\- I: / 7r--~ : V -
deviation to enthalpy at saturation 100 / bf /' : 7-t--..:: -rr-. .030
I 1-'-'-.. V 7 --- '\ : ---,I L
A ~~/ --..... : ~~ / .028
~~ : ___ ~ yv---.. . . / I ~~
30/ V\---k· / . --)5, - t/ .026
....
f-... /:' ~. '-.. 1/ . t--t-.. \ / --- ...... - 'ro
.024 ~
"0
OJ
.022 ......
.::£
OJ
.::£
.020
60
~
.018 '6
'E
50 ::J
.016 £
Q)

.014
"5
40 (5
en
.c
.012 <{

30
.010

20 .008

.006

.004

.002

.000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 47

WATER- AIR SYSTEM

80 90 100 110 120
1.05 atm pressure / fr--i""'T/'t-"-""""""""""
:J-!"'1'""""'!'-.....ld"f'-....'-"+"~-""+'-.....,.........,...~:"""I-.....,...
'· "" '" 1"'-'-......:4 .400
"' +-"'-~:t-N""';-""
1000 I / :/ / :'1r--.., -..........: ?o
Enthalpy datum : liquid water 0.01 cC, 0.00603 atm
dry air O.OocC, 1.00 atm
/ / ";--... / /1 if : , / ~ ,380
0 / / . . . . . r-...:i 1/ r----. ,360
900 I 7 :/ ......... J : ~
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy / :/ / :---.. :1 II : r----. ,340
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
0/ I 7 '1 --- -..: ,""

-.-: ~o
.200 ;::.
",':
................. "i5
'E:::::J
..c
.160 Q)

-_;.:.'::V · :2o
.140 (/)
.c
I 1
<C
.120
::::-+-- I :
1:-...... .100
~

, -....:.':..
.080
,,
.060

--
-- I

--
, vOllfh~
o .--.
I .040
I· '/ .1"
I " I
~ .020

. .000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

48 Psychrometric charts

130
WATER-AIR SYSTEM
1.10 atm pressure
Enthalpy datum: liquid water 0.01 ·C, 0.00603 atm .034
dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 atm
.032

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .030

deviation to enthalpy at saturation
,028

.026

, .024 .;:a
'-

~
,022 "0
C>
.:.:
.020 ---
C>
.:.:
.018 >-
.~
"0
.016
·E
:::J

-
.c
Q)
.014 :::J
0C/)
,012 .D
«
: .010

.008

.006

.004
5
.002

,000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 49

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
I'

;/
!'In
o
1.1 atm pressure I I 1':--... .1 /
90
/ :'
. ,. ..
/
100
.1 .. I . .. • • 1 ..

t--.
110 12 0
.400
/ / .: ......... ' / -......."
En thaJpy datum: liquid water 0.01"C, 0.00603 atm / / 1/ : .......... :1 / : r---.. I·f 0
.380

dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 atm / / ,: / / : rt--.. r-..

;/
:/ .360
/ :' / :--..... ,
,
/-..:..:::.. / ./ / " / .340
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy I 'f-.. ,f I : ~
:- ......... -....
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation
/
/
f :/
:'1 -.......
f
I
:', r-...
.320

"/
.......... 1; ~n
J J :-.... I---
.300

o~
~ ,.... I-.i
I f II
.7 /
/
,j
.'I ...... f.-.. :'
I' --.....
~,*"~7y
7' '-L / .j / ...... --.... : :
.280
/ / -.... / V r- ....
'Cij
~ 70/ 7 / / -.... V
~
~ ............ .
1
.260
--.... --..: ' ~
,~

V
~Q<::- / / A /
"!/ V I' I l5
:
.240
"0

W~~~L ~
c' .' Ol
.:;,:.
I' ..J j.' I '/' I ,$ ' -.... --I... -....
Ol
---;... .220 .:;,:.
~Q
I
I :' V
~~~ ft;-~f[j ,,0 / / I ......... --L / c>:l: : -....
/ / ;,: -.... -/.... . / c:- : :-- ...... .200 ~
~ 50~ .u~ ~0 -.... ......:. u '6
L
",.'; 1
/ 7 / : :
<0 ~ ~ ~ / .......... / : ,'
.1 80 'E
'S)'lf ~'lf / / / I :' / / ~ :::J
&'If
~J .

~0 / ~ / : / k~' / ............ e .: .J::

~ ~ ~ .. / : .160
400L CO.. Q)
,0 / '0/ ............ ~/ ' --- I I '5
/ 7--__ ~ ............ '0
60/ /'
L
00/ .:

7 / 1' -..:: 7 ,
jQ :/ :
,
.140 (J)
.0
,
I

/ / / 1 00' / :/'I -.... " <'0 ~

300LL /' / / V ~, y
1
/ ~ /' :
I-
,--- .120
/1/ / 1
/ ~ / -;,.<l
L /' / -.:.::: /' .....()(7 ./'1 ... 1 V ./ '::-- ~Pec I;. I
.100
L
--'----
I
/.. 7' -;-..., .....{ :1
/
T
I
./
50.,"""'- / ' I : VIU~

0 "1-:::> e/~ .080

-
. / . / /' Y fl.\) ? I ~ -,..d 1 :

---
20 --.!
....-

-
L / v .......- .....- V Y .....:::: : I 1 I
' 7. 0
.060
L ,n I
......- ....- <.>,IJ
I I I ..+-
.....-
I
..L ...... .....- 1· :;..-- "
;L 1.....- ,..- I
.L I 0
....., .040
10 0 I
...
, .< .~
I I 1
I , I ..
I 0
nu I I I '.
I .020
.. ---
I

. '. .'
I I
"
, ' , , , '
I
"
'" ' , . , ' , '"
" "
, , . .000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ee)

50 Psychrometric charts

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
50
1.20 atm pressure .030

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.OI ·C, 0.00603 atm .028

dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 atm
.026
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .024

.022

.020 -'ro
....
C:-
"C
.018 Ol
~

.016
---
Ol
~

~
.014 '6
'E
40

-
::J
.c
.012 (])
::::J
(5
(Jl
.010 .0
«
.008

.006

.004
5
.002

.000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry bulb temperature ee)

 Psychrometric chans 51

WATER- AIR SYSTEM 1100

1.20 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water 0.01 ·C, 0.00603 atm

dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation

.100

.080

-r I -..:... On .060

.040

.020
, ,
.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature CC)

52 Psychrometric charts

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
50
1.40 atm pressure .030

Enthalpy datum: liquid water 0.01 "C, 0.00603 atm .028

dry air O.OO"C, 1.00 atm
.026
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .024

.022

.020 .....
'm
~
"0
.018 OJ
.......
~

OJ
~
- .016

~
, .014 "0
'E

-
:::I
.s::::.
. .012 Q)
:::I
0(/)
. .010 .0
«
.008

" .006

.000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 psychrometric
charts
53

WATER-AlR
SYSTEM
lA O atm pres
sure
Enthalpy d at u 0.01 ·C, 0 .006
m: liquid water 03 atm
dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 at
m
T o obtain tr ue
enthalpy add en
deviation to en thalpy
thalpy at satura
tion
.190

-
.1BO
.170 ....
'@
.160
~
-0
.150
.140 --
~
~
.130 ----
.120 ~
"0

.110
'e
-
~
.c
.100 <1>
:::l
.0 90 (5
(/)

.OBO ~
.0 70
.060

.050
.0 40
.030
\ \ 7' "F -- .020
I
""- \-- = k:::::l..",
J- ~

\?' ~
~ 0
----
.
50
['f: !{ 01 0
F=t
~ F- - -~
,
..
~
l-

11 0 12 0
.0 00
30 40 50 60 70 BO 90 10 0

Dry bulb tempe

rature ("C)
54 Psychrometric charts

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
50
1.60 atm pressure .026

Enthalpy datum : liquid water 0.01 ' C, 0.00603 atm

.024
dry air O.OO' C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .022

deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.020

.018
.....
·ro
~
.016 "0
C)

.014
--
~
C)
~

.~
"0
.012 ·E

-
::I
..c
Q)
.010 : :I
(5
(f)
.0
.008 «

.006

.004
5
.002
o
.000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 55

WATER- AIR SYSTEM

80
- 90 . v~ 110 120
-
•.•. • . __
1.60 atm pressure 600 .220

Enthalpy datum: liquid water

dry air
O.OI°C, 0.00603 atm
O.OO°C, 1.00 atm 550
I -1 . . /- '--fJ. : / . ./ :' I"""" .210

.200
/ / I .. / / K" I .7 - '"
:...~o
.190
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy "'- .180
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.170

.160

.020
+--
50 ~ .010
'. r--
.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

56 Psychrometric charts
100

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
1.80 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water 0.01 ·C, 0.00603 atm .021

dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 atm .020

.019
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 70 .018
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.017

.016

.015 ....
'«;
.014 ~
"0
.013 OJ
~

.012 ---OJ
~

.011 ~
'5
.010 'E

-
:::l
~
- .009 CD
:::l
.008 (5
(J)
.0
~ .007 «
.006

.005

.004
5 .003

.002

.001

.000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 57

WATER-AIR SYSTEM 6/
Z ~ ~80 90 100 110 120
1.80 atm pressure 1 ""'-J .200
1 .: I I
"'" ~
J
50
J IT
I .'

/ / ~
Enthalpy datum: liquid water
dry air
O.OI °C, 0.00603 atm
O.OO°C, 1.00 atm
/ 7 17 :' / / : "'K 17 - 1-..;,
.190

00
j
f::.W-r-/-/-
1/ .
/ ... . / '01
:r . . . .
.180

.170
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .I
deviation to enthalpy at saturation / - - .160
:
.150
-;:::::"..+-
"'" -"""'::?$
:-:-
.
.140
....
/ K .130 'co
:
/ I .120
~
'0

--
OJ
.:::t!

.110 OJ
.:::t!

" _":" .100 ~

.................. .- - :0
......... .090 'E
- ::J:' ~~ E
.080
---:---
Q)
:;
"0
.070 CJ)

,
.0
',Oe.' .
. '// - -+-r----.!'-- I ~
...... ,
: ..... , I ""~..7
~
,. .
-,--_
.060
. ' -""":/"'(I>(J -
7' .050
/ . . . . . ~'Y"'/.. -
,.,. • - ""rI .040

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

58 Psychrometric charts

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
2.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water 0.01 ·C, 0.00603 atm .019

dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 atm .018

.017
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .016

.015

.014
'-
.013 .iii
~
'0
.012 Cl
.::s:.
......
- .011 Cl
.::s:.

.010 ~
'5
.009 'E

-
::::l
J::
.008 <l>
::::l
(5
.007 !/')
.0
«
.006

.005

.004

.003

.002

.001

.000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 59

600
WATER- AIR SYSTEM
2.0o atm pressure
90 100 ., .. .. ,
110 .. . .
120
.200

'"
550
80/ I I Y II II ,' I I :
II .. I I ' If..-.. I :
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.OI·C, 0.00603 atm .190
~ I il / ~ ,' I
dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 atm I I /", II : I : :
500 / I
../...
~ : ;'
:"f... I
j I : I
'-------
II
f' - .180

."'.
~
'i-.
: " .170
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy / I hL I : ,"",,0

Z
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation I
I
I
I : I I
-------
"-,:
"-,
II /
: II
I ..
'-" .160
I " .' I "
~ 'f,..' I
I
I V .: !
7
I
: I
:j : /
.150
~
~CS 400 / I I I I : :/ ~ /
.140
Ii'.. IT r-:.:.~ : / I :/
"'"
~~ / : .....
\.."*' j I l"-...... :1 / "-.. / :
.1 30 'cu
.~
~o 350
lL /i"-..... '/ !/ / I· /. / : ~~
2:-
/ !/ ....... : : / : K
~. ,- -0
t§~
"
: .1 20
70/ / j :/ :>: . / : : ').( 0>
.::.:.
......
f8-~~
~'?
~
300 -~~.&.-
'0<::'-
~
I.- /
/
/ /
.)(
/1
/~.

/ :' / "" v(, 1<;-

: -....;:
.11 0 0>
.::.:.

L
t§ \.. 1/
'"
/ I?:>: : : :
e
<v~
'? .100 ~
~v#_ / / /' / / .£ .-:--....... /
:
:
15
~ f...~ / V :' '/;;. ~ :' 'E
.090
-?s~ ~e_ 1"1 / . -+. V

~
/ / ~ .

-
/ :J
-
Q) ' ./
~ et$" -------: : i"""'-.. ..c
~- L "'- / / en',:
.
'"
.080 0>
/ / ~ / . ~ / : v '

0
:J
60/ /
L"':"
/
.. /
~
/
/
"-..
V .ct
'1:' : /'
/ N'...
: ..........
- .070
0
rn
..c
20
«
./
./ V / \0/ :2< /' : ........
L
"
.060
./ V / ,/. / :'
-
Q

0
~
/' / /' ' \0 ,/: .......... ... V V .050
15 ,/ X /' ~:::: ..7 v -------
: ~ :
, /"'

~ 50v V 010 /'

/' / /'

- --
.040
/ / / ' ,,- >< .. ' / .- / b--:
.-
/'

10~ ,,- . / ,,- .:./

V -" 0 v

-
I
.030

- ---
v- I /'
"---. ..:- 1..- -<.: to
-- -- --
:

-
/"' /' i"---
L-
- I ""
I-'
.~ e :
.--
00.

L=
.'

-
. . .020
-? 2' : ........
.]

.-. r----r----
.- -;--
' 0
I-- i---- -'¥ ~,.,
50 ==--- : . r--- i---- .010
.- -
I
I -;--- "/ f.
, I
.. i----- 1--,' -. :--... ~

.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

60 Psychrometric charts

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
50
2.50 atm pressure .0160
.0155
Enthalpy datum: liquid water 0.01 ·C, 0 .00603 atm .0150
dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 atm .0145
.0140
.0135
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .0130
.0125
.0120
.0115
.0110
....
.0105 'iii
.0100 ~
-0
.0095 Ol
.0090 .....
..l<:
Ol
..l<:
.0085
.0080 ~
.0075 :0
'E
.0070 ::I
..c
.0065 Q)

.0060 ::;
(5
.0055 (Jl
.0
.0050 «
.0045
.0040
.0035
.0030
.0025
.0020
.0015
.0010
.0005
.0000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric chans 61
540

w ATER-AIR SYSTEM 52~

2.5 oatm pressure
500
~~. • • 1. I.
110 12 0
.170
480 IN L I I
! "S / ;-- ;--
t-- ~SR .165
"'"
:
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.OI ·C, 0.00603 atm 460
I / 'f ! / / [":::
.160
........ Ii
dry air O.OO· C, 1.00 atm
/ IT ~ --I-
:--t If"-... f :' .155
440 t ! / r- '-- -I-f--
:"" V

420
80/
~/
f i"-... / / :' i- f .'
"-"f:t
~ r- t=
.150
.145
7 ~ -/.... I. II K
-
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy / I ~

"" "
.140
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation 400 L / !I / L"l(

"'" ." "'" :" -

: I lS'i!'
.1 35
380 #' l- I i :' I
'j... .: V It-r- i - - .130
f~ ! -I- :- ./ !
"
'-
~0<::\ 360 L '-..., L 'I I V ~ t---:- / r......... :
.125

,*-..y.~ 340 L
:
" .120

",,7 -
1'-- If-hL ~ / / N / ~ :--
.1 15 ....
" clL
~
/ I .: / I V b., :
~L
-
~
... ~
"
-
·o~ 320 '(ij
.. -
-
.110
f.,.~ :--I- .L / ~' / :'1/ :1 ~ : /.:::;: ~
i}v 300 / 'j V ;.'/ --;
~ 6". ('lfl .V"i'-- 7- -+- .100
.1 05 '0

" -
~~
V
-"'"
OJ
·o~ r-- I- i"-... . .1 / 9· / ,:1/ t-- r- r- hL /
-
oX:
~4,~ 280 ~ .095 "-
~ .j.~ 00' 70/ / ./ I"-.. "/ ~ /-::"i'-- / : ~- :
OJ
oX:

-
~ ~ .090

-V
<v~ 260 ~ 0 Jf-- ~ -/- Ii ~ / Vc;, ~ l!' 0
~v ~,;§
.. .085
/ h( / / V / >:::
- rr
/ ~ r-;:- ~
240 ~ <- ~, Sn .~
.~ 0'~ .080 '0

2.20
~~ f$'~
.....o /
"-.. "J'; ~ L
~:;/~ 7:
V
r---, ~ ~ . -
.-&:-
/
r-- : " -."X!
~ :--- 0
~
.075 'E
::J
..c:
..-. .070
2:1:
/ L 17.V: ~ t - ~: V 9. "";;
?-.' t-- r---;:.
r-- / :1'-... tp: t--
,065
Ql
'5

- -' - - Kr.:-
/~ co"? -r- r- k
/- :--,. : / -~~ t" "'- / ...... : (5
-
~

.060

--
/ ,:V
180 (/)
60/ /
i<-
/ :-" 2S:: -r-. ~ V ~ ?" .0
r- .055 «
"--
'/ 7 ~ "7
- --- -
160 rc- YI~ ~ /'~ I-:-'- ~ ~ ~ ~ .050
-
~

./ ' / "----:; ~ L ~~ V r- !--?V / ' ""'<:; r-- r- V "'<::7 r- : V

140 """~ v.: .045

-
c.... t-- r-
./ ,10 p-c... ~ ~
-
,/ /"
/" / ' /' ./ -i- ~ V .040
V ~ ;'r-:--
L V '7
- :> .r- r--
c.:::::"L .'b:-.- / '

-- --
120 1-";'.' k
-
50 Y' r--,.
.035

--
100 ~ :L V V "/ ? "'(' k::"" 1>0 ;/ k:: V ""-. rS k::: -?--- io- .Q. '/ k , .030
~ r.:- : "- C:<r'"':
"
. / .-/
~ ~ "'" ::;J> l~;., t--
,/
/ 1><,"""" V ......- ,...-
-- --
.025
:-=
-- -
...::::::
80~ 2~ "'r::::::: - -: I--=,..
..?" ' -
""1-7" ' - ...:::::: ~v :-- ~ i-- ""-. ~
~ ~
~ .020
6o~-:;;::;e: -~ -::::-~
""-- >< I ~K ~;-.
-r-- r.:- !"--... : t-- : " , "M cl--

- --.
, ..

-
.015
i- -=- k::::- r- .....:::: ~ :-r-
-- -
:-

-
~ ........-p ' '-< --=k::::' - - - : I "
':b. Lbu : t-::.... '£~

- --
. ~,

--
.010
:;:-
- ---
:--
-
-r-.
r- : - I-- t.::.... 'tJ '
-
-;- r-

--
40 t--=::: _. "
j'-O> ~ t-- ~ .005
, -!- ~~ -+- I-- r- ~ r- -f--' ::::::... ~<:' I--r-, ~ ','V
., '"
" " .000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

62 Psychrometric charts

75

WATER- AIR SYSTEM

3.00 atm pressure
.0125
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.Ol°C, 0.00603 atm
.0120
dry air O.OO°C, 1.00 atm
.0115
.0110
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .0105
.0100
.0095
.0090
....
.0085 '(ij
~
.0080 -a

--
Ol
.0075 ~

.0070 ~

.0065 Z.
ii
.0060 'E
::J
.0055 I
(!)
.0050 ......
::J
'0
.0045 en
.c
.0040 «
.0035
.0030
.0025
.0020
.0015
o .0010
.0005
.0000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry Bulb Temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 63

WATER- AIR SYSTEM 440

100 120
3.00 atm pressure .140
.135
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.OIOC, 0.00603 atm
.130
dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 atm
.125
.120
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
.115
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.110
.105
.1 00
.095 ...
.n;
.090
~
.085 "C

--
C>
. .080 ~
C>
~

-
.075
.070 >.
'5
.065 ·E

-
:::J
.060 .J::
.055 <l>
:::J
.050 (5
(J)
.0
.045 «
.040
.035
.030
.025
.020
.015
.010
40 .005
.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

64 Psychrometric charts

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
4.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water 0.01 ' C, 0.00603 atm .0095

dry air O.OO' C, 1.00 atm .0090

. .0085
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .0080

.0075

- .0070

.0065
.iii
'-

i::'
""C
.0060 C>
.It:.
......
.0055 C>
.It:.

.0050 Z!'
iJ
.0045 ·E
::J
.c
.0040 Q)
"S
"0
.0035 (J)
..c
«
.0030

.0025

.0020

.0015

.0010

.0005

.0000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 65

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
120
4.00 atm pressure .100

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.Ol °C, 0.00603 atm .095

dry air O.OO°C, 1.00 atm .090

.085
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .080

.075

.070
...
'iii
.065
~
-C
.060 Cl
-.
~

.055 Cl
~

.050 ~
'6
.045 'E
::l
.L:
. .040 Ql
'5
. .035 '0
en
.0

.030
«
.025

.020

.015

.010

40 .005

.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature CC)

66 Psychrometric charts 65

WATER- AIR SYSTEM

5.00 atm pressure
Enthalpy datum : liquid water O.Ol°C, 0.00603 atm .0075
dry air O.OO°C, 1.00 atm
.0070

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation .0065

.0060

. .0055
-·co
.....

.0050 ~
""C
OJ
.0045 -...
~
OJ
~

.0040 ~
'5
·E
.0035 :::J

-
J::
Q)

.0030 :::J
"0
(J)
.0
.0025 «
.0020

o .0015

.0010

.0005

.0000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 67

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
120
5.00 atm pressure .080

Enthalpy datum: liquid water 0.01 "e, 0 .00603 atm .075

dry air o.ooDe, 1.00 atm
. .070

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation .065

.060

.055
.....
'(is
.050 ~
"0

--
OJ
.:>t!
.045 OJ
.:>t!

.040

.035
-
>.
'5
'E
:::J
.c
Q)

.030 :;
"0
(/)
.0
- .025 <t:

- .020

.015

.010

40
.005

.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('e)

68 Psychrometric charts
55

WATER-AIR SYSTEM 50
4 45 50
6.00 atm pressure .0060
45 ) :\ I \./ \ I ." X '\ :\ .0058
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.Ol°C, 0.00603 atm j '\ 17 1\.:[7 1\ 11\ l\.-j 1\ · V 1\
dry air O.OO°C, 1.00 atm Ji\ 7 :) \1(. \ y\ \ / \
.0056
\ .0054
40
/ \ V 1\/ 1\ 1'1 f\ :' 1\
.0052
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy / \ II 1\ V I ) .... \ / ,l\ 1 \ 11 \ . . \ I .0050
deviation to enthalpy at saturation 11\ /' X \1/ ,1\ If\ .: 1\ II / 1\ ~ .0048
X \;,. r\ I \ V .\ )(' \ . . \V \ .0046
V \ 1J< ."\ 1/ 1\ .'" r\.
f\ 1/ : rx' V
.0044
/ D, V V\ Iv IV 1/ .\ / :' \ :V\ .:\ .0042
/ 1\ l/' I\ / .·X \ .: K ~ V ....
.0040
/i\ 1)\ IV / '\ 1\1 1\ . V \ . . \1/ ,:\ \' \ 'ro
.0038
/ 1\ ); IV f'\ IV \ 1/ \ 1\ / V:
.0036
~
-0

20 / X IV ~ .... K 1\ V :
I / :1/\ ~ \ ' A\
,' \ I\
OJ
......
~

/ _~,~ V \ ~,:'R /[\. 1\ 17\ \ IX' ,.j.: /. .0034

.0032
~
OJ

15 .0030 ~
.0028 '5
'E
.0026 ::J
.s::
10
.0024 Ql
"5
.0022 "0
en
5 .0020 .n
~
.0018
.0016
.0014
.0012
.0010
.0008
.0006
.0004
.0002

o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

 260
Psychrometric charts 69

240
WATER-AIR SYSTEM
9 100 110 12 0
6.00 atm pressure 220
,060

Enthalpy datum: liquid water 0.01 ·C, 0 .00603 atm / r::.--.j :' 1/ 1/\ ;1'--- : Y ,' V\? I'--- ,058
,056
dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 atm
200
80/ 7 ,' ;1'--- / "1\ 1/ 7----.. / .054
.052
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .050
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .048
.046
.044
.042
..-.
.040 .....
~

.038 ~
"0
.036

--
C>

-
~
.034 C>
~
.032
120 .030 ~
'5
.028 ·E

-
.026 :::J
.c
100 .024 Q)
:::J
.022 "0
(f)
.020 .0
80 «
.018
.016
.014
60
.012
.010
.008
.006
.004
.002
.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('e)

70 Psychrometric charts
55

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
8.00 atm pressure
.0048
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.Ol°C, 0.00603 atm
.0046
dry air O.OO°C, 1.00 atm
.0044

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .0042

deviation to enthalpy at saturation .0040
.0038
.0036
. .0034 .-..
....
.0032
'cu
~
"0
.0030 Ol
.0028 ......
~
Ol
~

.0026
:i!'
.0024 '5
.0022
'E
::::l

-
.c
.0020 <1l
::::l
.0018 (5
(J)
.0
.0016 «
.0014
.0012
. .0010
.0008
.0006
.0004
.0002
.0000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 71

220

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
8.00 atm pressure
.048
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.OI·C, 0.00603 atm
.046
dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 atm
.044

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .042

deviation to enthalpy at saturation .040
.038
.036
.034 -'-
.(ij
.032
~
""0
.030

--
Cl
.lie:
.028 Cl
.lie:
.026
~
.024 '5
·E
.022 ::J
.s::
.020 <1>
.-
::J
.018 0
en
.0
.016 «
.014
.012
.010
.008
.006
.004
.002
.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

72 Psychrometric charts

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
10.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water 0.01 ce, 0.00603 atm .0038

dry air o.ooce, 1.00 atm .0036

.0034
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .0032

.0030

· .0028
....
.(ij
.0026
~
""C
.0024

--
Ol
~

.0022 Ol
~

.0020 .?;-
'6
.0018 ·E
::I
.s::::.
.0016 Q)
"5
. .0014 "0
C/)
.0
ex:
.0012

.0010

.0008

.0006

.0004

.0002

.0000
o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 73
200

WATER-AIR SYSTEM
10.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water 0.01 ·C, 0.00603 atm .038

dry air O.OO·C, 1.00 atm .036

.034
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .032

.030

.028

.026
-'m
.....

~
"0
.024

--
Ol
.:>t:.
.022 Ol
.:>t:.

.020 £"0
90
.018 'E
:J
.c.
.016 .....
Q)
:J
(5
.014 en
.0

.012
«
.010

.008

.006

.004
30
.002

.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

74 Psychrometric charts

170

WATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM
160
50
0.80 atm pressure .048

.046
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm
O.O°C, 1.00 atm .044
dry nitrogen
.042
130
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .040
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.038

.036

.034 c

-e
Q)
.032 Cl

.030 ·c
~
.028 "0

--
Cl
.026 ..l<:
Cl

-
..l<:
.024
>.
.022
15
.020 ·E

-
:::::J
..c
.018 Q)
:::::J
.016 "0
CIl
.0
.014 «
.012

.010

.008
.006
10
.004

.002
o
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 75

1800

WATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM 1700

80 90 100 110 120
0.80 atm pressure 1600 '''1.... "T,"""""--"t'-":-; '""i/l-:"o........,............"""::'i'::..........
""71'/.":·:"''- 7
1 "" ~ r-:-.
,....
. t-"-F-4~"""4-.......,..~
. """'t-""""i..i-""'-'t""""'t- .600
..
Enthalpy datum: liquid water o.oDe, 0.00603 atm {--+-I- . : 1 / .580
.560
dry nitrogen o.oDe, 1.00 atm .540
.520
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .500
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .480
.460
.440
.420 c
Q)
.400 OJ
g
.380 ·c
.360 ~
"0
.340 C>
.:.:.
......
.320 OJ
.:.:.

-
.300
.280 >.
2·bo 'C
r-- .260 ·E
.240 :::::J

--
..c
.220 Q)
: -:-- ~ "5
.. .200 "0
V. I I .... 1 I .180
(/)
.0
--~ r--: ~ «
.160
/ ' r--_ , ,

--
.. .140
, .120
V .•
.100
v ..
'n
-- .
1
200 .080
L
.060

.,, .040
.020
.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 76 Psychrometric charts

WATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM
1.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm

dry nitrogen O.O·C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 110

deviation to enthalpy at saturation

10

o
o 10 20 30

Dry bulb temperature ee)

 Psychrometric charts 77

1200L
WATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM
~~l l~/~:~8~0~j~jI~1==17=:~9~~=:1/:::::1:::E1~~0~~~~~~~~~~
'z t
11n
1. 00 atm press ure 1100 : t---...
Enthalpy datum: liquid water
dry nitrogen
o.ooe, 0.00603 atm
o.ooe, 1.00 atm 1000 I
, f
f-....... /
1
I
f "N :
I
~b-., :
:
;
I .: 7'-r-..... ' : I: : I
I I': f. .......... / : :--..
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy '/ : ~
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
~, 900 : ! -.;..... /: : '. 1 "

&' f :/ : : --...: '~ .320

<f0 / /~ /: /
L
: .............. : ~<7fic
,300
o~700 701 / .i --/.... : / I : --I'--. IU/~I~e.~ "
: / II ~I--. '/'fJ;, d" "
,280
~~
~O; / / / / : / ; ........ -- "'-- If/1tr, ')no '.
c::
Q)

~ / ~ / : / :'/ 0>
g
~ ZOO --: o~ - ~/. / : :; . -.. .........
T.R" ,260

0/
'c
.j-'li~o ~•()'
.j-'li " / 7":--
' ~ :' / I'i--.. : ,240 ~
W - ,if \... / / : /"-.!..!.L ¢. /: : / '0
C:) C:) ~0 0 ........ ./.. :

~ 600 ~v ~ / / j'
1
,220 ~
'<: / (I) :
1- I--.. "
C\~ ~'li
-S)'lf
", ......... -.. .So. '0
ft;-'< / .~ . ~0 /... / / : 7 r7 ,Il'i:
,200
~

~
<v~
~~ I
~ ,!liT"-.
J
010'
.'
r -...:. -..
500, / - JI / / .k57- ........ / / ,180 'C
~
L / ":'--.. ./ :
'E
L 6/0/ / / .'/ : / r-..... : 0,
.160 E
40
L / 'J'-.-.L
: / / : ......... , ': :
:
C> " 1
--., 'v 2::J
// --- --
/: I .140
L /I
z, ........
/ ~~ : /
/ E:
./ ........
(5
CIl

L / /' /' /' /'

/' <II '
> : ,/ .120 ~
300

L
L
50./
/ / 1/
.7 --:.<l './
/' ./
./ u :
:r . ----- .100

L ./.// '.

--
-........ .080
200vL-
.£-
./ ./ ././
// ./
./ . ODic/,
--- --:-
L ---- .060
L
;L
L
-.. ---- -..
.,...... .040
100
,020

,000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature CC)

78 Psychrometric charts
140

WATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM
50
1.10 atm pressure .036

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm .034

dry nitrogen O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.032

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .030

deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.028

.026
c
Q)
.024 OJ

~c
.022
~
"0
.020 OJ
.:>t!
---
OJ
.:>t!
.018
50 .~
.016 "0
'E
:::J
.014 .c
Q)
:;
.012 (5
C/)
..c
.010 «
20
.008

.006

.004

.002

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 79

7;
120~
WATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM
1.10 atm pressure 100 f-.. aP i' /~ , 90 ; I ;
110
r-...;
110 ., ., 120
0400

7
"

I TK :/ ,) !/
O.ODC, 0.00603 atm
"
Enthalpy datum: liquid water .380
I : .... 'J :/
dry nitrogen a.oDc, 1.00 atm 000 1. ........... 1-i .' / :r---. "

r :I ........ ' / : 1. ~n
.360
1 1 :' 1 .' /-.......... ; 1 ~
r.. .340

"ZOO
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 7 l: I ;-.:;...... '.

'f-.... .' I / : I :
/I :; ::j /
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .320
10<::- I :/ . . . .:::: "

.~o($ I I .1 1 : N .' / I: ........ "

.300
o<A~7
~800 f 7 1/ ," / ;~ ':. . . . I
.280 c
~O:> / -, I?"-- (l)
~ / 'II--.. I I .'
. ~' :z
oo
OJ
.260 e
~o<:- 7 cT'::::::.. 1J / / " /
:r /
70 :!::
~o ~ / . j.' ,I.' C

~J.~ ~ftf ,--0 / oJ 7 ro-J :; .240 ~

C:J~ .n / C:Jftf 10 'ST 7. 7 .' 'r,j': r---:f,L I

~ 60L ~u ~ / / I :' / :I --.... : /
fly~~ / .~~ 9,r$-ftf / f1: j : 7 17 / /f " .200
~ L ro~ J: I '.
~ 50~/
L
,,?,"?S
-.;: I
/
I
QW .
7 "F!- /
"
/
',:: .'
~' I -- ......... ".
,180
~
'5

;;.Z..
Ii ........ -- : /
L / / 'E
!.'?l / :
c; __ · $0
t -',

~/ :\37 /7 // / ,160 ~

40~ 60/
/ /
r-...,l. Y 01. : 7
/ --- : .140
(l)
'5
L /~
/ ~ / ,' :,;; ,
(5
CJ)

--
/'

L ,/ / / / .120 ..Q
300 "n"l: /' . : : : «
·Z ./ /./ /..' / ' . / ./ >Z -:-- ......... 1·'20
.100
L
20~ ,.L
L 50/1/
/ b·<:1 /"
/"
. / .../ .../ /
........ .
/-
,
1/ :
0/
7'?
./
/ 1
-- "

--.....
"""
,080
L. / /' / ./. ' ........ 0 '1!i ...... I I ::.-
.L ..-r- .060

-
......... ,/ ...............
E __ I I
""i __

100
1 ....... :.--. •

--
-- :IT ---
--- :
- 7 ''"' .040

.020

'. .000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

80 Psychrometric charts

WATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM
50
1.20 atm pressure .030

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm

.028
dry nitrogen O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.026
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .024

.02.2
c

-
Q)
.020 Cl
....
0

'c
.018 ~
'0
Cl
~
.016 .......
50 Cl
~

.014 £
'0
'E
.012 :::J
.s::;,
Q)
'S
.010 '0
en
..c
«
.008

.006

.004

.002
o
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature rC)

 Psychrometric charts 81

7
WATER- NITROGEN SYSTEM 12~
110 120
1.20 atm pressure 100 / '0 ;q:} :' i,:::f,U II I I: 100 , .
:
.400

7
O.O· C, 0.00603 atm
I 7 : II I""--... :' I I : : : : I"--- " I': .380
Enthalpy datum: liquid water I I : : /..;....[1 II : : :....... -... ·f5:0
dry nitrogen O.O· C, 1.00 atm / 1 ; / ~ --i-...-........ : : I ~

:-\7
000 I :' ; .360
I I :'1 1 I : ii- I "
'. .340
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy r ~ : j I I / : / : r---... : : I
deviation to enthalpy at saturation 00 / ,"fr--... I / I;' : : --.... "
"

,r-...
I
.320
0<::' Ii :7 it" I f:1 I : I : ":

Z
1
.~oC$ / I : I f: --::-... / :' / : r.--1"0 .300
~~ 800 II :> 71 I / N-. I

~0;'?3 L 1:1 /:~}/.... I : f -:::'iii,.. 'OfllhL> :

'.
"
.280 c:
Q)
,*-'S I fi........ , I : I II , : "
.260 g
C>

~ LOO ~ - 1 / 1-,7 ,~ / I .. / ; I / : ', --.... 'J' I'Ilfr.

'c
~o<::' ~o / >::/ " I 1 : / : ~ ""'" ~ 1
2:-
~~ . ~~ .&- / I /
--- .::
7 n: .. 7 -;-., : .240
~v 0/ 70 "0
c:>V ;s:' \...
c:>V 0 I: /
'V
: ,/ (>"'1 r--,
-;...J.., : / :

L
" C>
.220
~ 600 ~u ~ ;j/ /: :7 I ? -r-.' "
~
0,
ii;-~~ ,~~~~~ h;T 1 7 17 / ~:I C! : / _ " "

s=
/ : ~
.200
~ ~ Ii 1/ , : ·-e :1 I 0 ' I,",: --.... "

<v~ 500 / ~ ,10 / 1/ 7 ~ 7: 7 / ~: -.....;... ~

--
,1 80 '0
L
/ /I -~ I ;' 0:' /1 : 1
J -'
'E
L
"

/ :' 7 7 7
1
-...
E
0,
: )<.. :
.1 60
/ V / /:::-...J/
400L L 7 / 1 :'Y 7 I,
.140
2:::J
/ 60/ /......, _ 1/ /; 0 :.,---;.« (5
L / -,,7 7' 7 ,2 (J)

L /'./ ./ /S-.J:../ /' CU

---... .120 ~
300L /' 7 '/"1 ~.' ./ C\"~ I /' ~; , , 1, 10

-
.100
L /' /" /" /' ./ .: ~ -- I i?;-: '4 I-=::::::::
L ~ /' / '/ 1 . 7" / : I ;!C I" .080
200 L /~ v , /. / ___ I ~
Y- ./' ././' /,. ", I
bU / /' /' ,
<.. :::t:i-
',..
I 7' ....... 1 I
!.--':' I ,060
I -......:[

-
LL I
,
In /'" /'....... ....... - ' --
;c.. ....... I I
1 ....... __ I ....... • ,n~ I I I -.:.... .040
100 -+- I

1· .
,020
I

~ 70 80 90 100 110 120

.000
30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)

82 Psychrometric charts
120

WATER- NITROGEN SYSTEM

50
1.50 atm pressure .028

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm

.026
dry nitrogen O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.024
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.022

.020
c

-e
Q)
Cl
.018
'c
~
,016 "0
Cl
..:.:
......
C>
..:.:
.014
~
'6
.012 'E
::J
.c
Q)
.010 '5
(5
C/)
.0
20 .008 «

.006
10

.004

.002
o

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 83

wATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM 850

110
1.5o atm pressure
80 90 ~. 12 0
,280
800
I 7 ,: II N / " ! :
I~ :
1 :
1 ' ,
-I / jJ7-f--
/' "l-{",, '" ;/ .... 1'---- : I
,/
En thalpy datum: liquid water O,O·C, 0.00603 atm ,,'
.260
dry nitrogen O,O·C, 1.00 atm L 71 / II '-
-'
" : "

700 ! 7 ~IT / I / : '" '-...... J I- : : RPS

"
....
;-... ,240
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy / :/ ~' / " / '-
"
de viation to enthalpy at saturation ~,
650
/ .! .'
~ :
:
:
/ :'- ,220
0
L / / " / :'" :
.~o(5j
- I-
600 ~ :
f"'---.. ~
' ,' Po
~<::'- / " hi: ~~ :/ ':'-
rf- .... / , ,200
/ / ~ .... /
,
~ cQ)
:
~~ Z I / ~ r-.... / I
"
I N .... g
OJ

-0<-7 --0<-
't-;) J I-,C :
,180
/ $ :' 7 7 I i' r---.... ; : ~
.......:..
:
'c

Z -
~ ~
70/.. "

~'l:f ~1i . c)\

\... /
1
'1--..::1
~ V ,' l ' '- / : .... ;..,
--:'91::-
~
'0

Ir '"
~ ~ ,160
'- 7' /
c,,'l:f c,,1i 0
~ ,(, -S - I~ ~ / e>;l'," I :1 / : ,,~ 0>
~

\\ ~ 0/ / / I . I
,';;:::
I
c '
&,: / "'- ---0>
~~~ &r§> ~l- " 7 ", ;
'" "'- r-......
~
4. L : - 7 0)' I /
0 ,I .:: : . ,140

- - ,L
~ ,0~
-
<V<::'- -.......; / ,
'f: .' .....
>.

350L / / 1) -.....; / / 7 ~,.' / )P. , ";....:

0 n. ',
,120
'5
'E
........ 'v ,
/ / 1V "
' / / ¥ '" "'- /
"
-........,'
30~
/ ' /
::;)
.r.
60/ /f /
/ / "'- / ,: ;:::-1 " Q)

/i 7'
' cD7 1
/ ' / 'R . /. '" ':-...
,100 "5

-Z L '" ./' (3
,
/ ,'

/ I
(/)
250 ./' 1/
'"
'>< "
/ ~ / / , // ,: 1/ ~ .'
:
.080
.0
«
s: "><k
'
I
/ / / ~ ./' ........ -.........: !:IS
200~ ./' ./ "
./ / / 0/_/ ........ , r. I
50./ ./ ,/ ./ /" ~ ......
L ./ ,060
/-' ./ ...... ~
<
./ ./
/ " / 1/
150~ / 1
I ./ ,./
./

:L
./ / 1/ 1 I :./ "'- , "'.....-b.
--- --~
,./ , .~
, / 1/ I ' '. / ">< I ,
: ':---..
.040
X-
""
I
100 Z-
,./

--- :----':;1
,./
><... .....;. o/1J "0"
'"
I

--
Q

;C- ,
I
-'"'" I
'<
0
' . '" vI
71/'k '.
,020
l-
I
........ '. "1,1&
50 - , , i'/;'

, ., ,..
, , .!:!. ........ ,000
. " ,
"
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

84 Psychrometric charts
100

WATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM
2.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water o.o·e, 0.00603 atm .019

dry nitrogen o.o·e, 1.00 atm .018

.017
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .016

.015

.014 c

-
Q)
Cl
.013 ....
0
·c
.012 ~
-0
C>
.011 .:>t!
......
Cl
.:>t!
.010
~
.009 :0
·E
.008 :::J
.c
Q)
.007 "S
(5
!J)
.006 .0
«
.005

.004

.003

.002

.001

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

 Psychrometric charts 85

650
WATER- NITROGEN SYSTEM
600 90 100 110 12 0
2.00 atm pressure
/: .200

O.ODC, 0.00603 atm

/ :1 / /
Enthalpy datum: liquid water .190

dry nitrogen O.ODC, 1.00 atm

550
Ir~:-It~-~hL-~ .180

.170
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .1 60

.150

.140 c:::
<l>
C>
.130 g
'c
.120 ~
'0
C>
.110 .....OJ
~

~
.100
~
.090 'C
'E
.080 :::J
..c:::

.070
.....
<l>
:::J
'0
(/)
.060 .0
<:
.050

.040

.030

1--- -' -- . .
-
::::- =-- ::--;
-
..r
-
I I I
50
I
_ 0. 10
t==-
. , ., I
r--
......... u: ':.,
'. - .000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

86 Psychrometric charts

WATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM
50
3.00 atm pressure ,013

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O,O· C, 0.00603 atm 60

,012
dry nitrogen O.O·C, 1.00 atm

,01 1
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
,010

,009 c

-
OJ

e
Ol

,008 'c
~
"0
Ol
.007 --.
~

Ol
.:.::

20
.006
->.
'0
'E
~
,005 .c
OJ
"5
0
,004 en
.0
~

,003

.002

,001

,000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 87
440

WATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM
120
3.00 atm pressure .120

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm

.110
dry nitrogen O.O°C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .100

deviation to enthalpy at saturation

.090

c
<1l
.080 OJ

~c
~
.070 "0
OJ
-...
~
OJ
~
.060
~
:0
.050 'E
::I
..c
<1l
......
::I
.040 (5
C/)
.0
<{

.030

.020

.010
40
.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

88 Psychrometric charts 70

WATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM
4.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm

dry nitrogen O.O°C, 1.00 atm
50

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation

.0070 c
<ll
Cl

.~c
.0060 ~
"0
Cl
.....
~
Ol
~
.0050
~
'6
'E
.0040 :::J
J::
<ll
:5
(5
(/)
.0030 .0
«

.0020

o 10 20 30 40

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

 Psychrometric charts 89

340
WATER- NITROGEN SYSTEM
120
4.00 atm pressure .090

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O'C, 0.00603 atm

dry nitrogen O.O'C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.070

c:
<1l
.060 OJ
g
·c
~
"0
.050 OJ
.:..:
--.
OJ
.:..:

>-
..-
.040 15
·e
::I
..c:
<1l
"5
.030 "0
(/)
.0
~

.020

40

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

90 Psychrometric charts

WATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM
5.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm ·0075

dry nitrogen O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.0070
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .0065

.0060

. .0055 c::
Q)
C>
0
!:;
.0050 ·c
~
"0
.0045
--
OJ

-
.::.!
OJ
.::.!
.0040
~
.0035 "0
·E

-
::J
..c::.
.0030 Q)
::J
(5
.0025 (/)
.0
<C
.0020

.0015

.0010

.0005

.0000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 91

WATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM
120
•...
5.00 atm pressure .080

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm .075

dry nitrogen O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.070

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

.065
deviation to enthalpy at saturation

.060

.055
c
Q)
OJ
e
.-t::
.050 c
~
-0
.045
~
---
OJ
..liI::
.040
~
.035 '5
'E
::J
.!:
.030 Q)
:l
"0
.025 en
«
.0

.020

.015

.010

40 .005

.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

92 Psychrometric charts

WATER- NITROGEN SYSTEM

50
8.00 atm pressure .0048

Enthalpy datum: liquid water D.ooe, 0.00603 atm

o.ooe, 1.00 atm .0044
dry nitrogen

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .0040

deviation to enthalpy at saturation

.0036

cQ)
.0032 OJ
g
'c
~
.0028 '0
OJ
~
"'-
OJ
~

-
.0024
>.
'C
.0020 'E
:J
..c
Q)
'5
.0016 '0
(/)
..a
~

.0012

.0008

.0004

.0000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature rC)

 Psychrometric charts 93
240

WATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM
120
8.00 atm pressure .050
.048
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm
.046
dry nitrogen O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.044

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .042

deviation to enthalpy at saturation .040
.038
.036
c
.034 <1l
OJ
.032 ~c
.030 ~
'0
.028
--
OJ
.x
.026 OJ
.x
.024
>-
..-
100 .022 ii
'E
::::J
.020 ..c
<1l
.018
80 '5
(5
.016 (/)
.0
<{
.014
60 .012
.010
.008
40
.006
.004
.002
.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

94 Psychrometric charts

WATER-NITROGEN SYSTEM
10.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm .0038

dry nitrogen O.O·C, 1.00 atm ,0036

,0034
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .0032

.0030

.0028 c:
Q)
OJ
.0026 g
'c
.0024 ~
"0
OJ
.0022 .:::s:
......
OJ
.:::s:
.0020
Z'
.0018 '6
'E
.0016 :::I
£.
Q)
......
.0014 :::I
(5
If)
.0012 .0
<{

.0010

.0008

.0006

.0004

,0002

,0000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 95
210

200
WATER- NITROGEN SYSTEM
120
10.00 atm pressure .040

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm .038

dry nitrogen O.O°C, 1.00 atm .036

.034
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .032

.030

.028 c
Q.l
0>
.026 ~
·c
~+r~~~~--~~~H+.~~~+-~~~~~~4--P~~-,~+-4 .024 ~
""C

--
0>
~
01
~

~
~~~~~~&7~~~~~~~-r~~~r-+-~-r~--~~4-~-+~~H-+ .018 ~
·E
rr~~~~~~++~-7r-~~~~~k-~~-r~~--~~~-+~~~+-~~-+ .016 E
Q.l
.014 "5
"0
rf)
/Y~r-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-r~~~+-~~-+~L-~~H--+ .012 ~
60
.010

.008
40 .006

.004

30 .002

.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

96 Psychrometric charts

WATER-METHANE
0.80 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm .085

dry methane O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.080

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .075

deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.070

.065
Q)
c
ell
.060 .c.
Q)
.055 E
~
"0
.050
--
01
~
01
~
.045
~
.040 'C
'E
:::J
.035 .c.
Q)
:5
.030 (5
I/)
.0
<{
.025

.020

.015

20 .010

.005

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature rC)

 Psychrometric charts 97

WATER-METHANE
0.80 atm pressure
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm
dry methane O.O°C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation

.500
I
I---
'. '. --..::
~ pu- .
, I' I .450
/1 I '. I
.400
/ : I. . " .350

. --- ___ __ ~.El9 .250

.200

.150

200
"7
----- .100

.050

~,~ .000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature CC)

98 Psychrometric charts

WATER-METHANE
1.00 atm pressure
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm
.065
dry methane O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.060
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.055

.050 Q)
c
ctI
..c
.045 CD
E
~
.040 "0
Cl
..:.::
......
Cl
.035 ..:.::

~
:.c
.030 ·E
::J
..c
Q)
.025
:5
(5
(J)
..c
.020 «
40
.015

.010

.005
o
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

 Psychrometric charts 99
2200

21
rjO:Ot·'~
t:8rO:.t:"[-~-J-:-l-t-:9ro;i~lrJ::t:"t~'l:r~Jot:1rOl=iS~~120
WATER- METHANE
1.00 atm pressure 2000I- / ,' "/ I :' / ~ I:' : : .3. '
700
.680
Enthalpy datum : liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm
1900 I / ,' i/ if ~t--.. : .......... .
.660
1800 1 If if f:--- . . . . . : .640
dry methane O.O·C, 1.00 atm : / :--- .........
1700 I ,-- ::::-. ---... . . .620
.600
/ / ! /:1"--- / '7-r--... '. .,
0'
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ~,
.580
deviation to enthalpy at saturation 1600 I r-. .. .L II: I-, i J::'I"---r-- :' / ,....;. -"",:,,:,,':'0 ... .
.560
't:::-~<\' ~'. L ~ / .:
r . . . ,:
rP ;' "..; 7"--- <)i : ti:
/: /
1m '
, '. .540
~w 1500 / 1=&: ' : r--.. .520
O(;\ L
400 ' 70 / :!1. . . . . I fI... ,'
/ E:' /. .500
~~ / J II 16: V : ..........
.480
III
c
')\' ! j I I : I ' /l---5~ I co
~)i:
- 1300 - .$.,/ I I II II ," 1 I 'i-. ~ .460 J::
Q)
~O~1200 f ~~~~ If II .V '-i! ;
.440
.420
E
~,§ - ~ '- / I -;r-- / .-"1/ II c:j ~
~c:>t'f'f1100 / .400 "C
.vc:>t'f'f,§0 I nl . J ...... r-:, " :S / :r--- 0')

9.~t'f'f ~~ ~f§ L / / / j ---J.. ' " II I

.380 ......
~

~f§ 100V ~ -;'&'If - ,/

I: /1
I :'
I .360
.340
~
0')

<v~ 900~ _ -$i / / 1/: :~'~7 / --~-,I/: I

e,.. .. .320 ~
L / : / : : / / : '6
80q / 60/ / I :, rt-::... V V / '''!!/'s (Il:] "
.300 'E
.280 :::l
.L- / / Y .)' --:-~ / . ~...... ' '19 C/'Yfh •
.260
J::

/ I / ... / I 77'"- : /' ". I --.,.,....... III

:;

-
700L /
L / / /Y A 0l? --v,; /'
.240
"6
60
L
L ~-..L .' I
/' / ./
J

V .
t.:%'
/
/ / ,'
/ .......... b-
""
"
.220
.200 «
(f)
..c
500
L 50/ / " . / /' ./
V
p-<....-:· f~ I ;.-- v .180
.160
400 L / /' /" ./ r--- ~ .:..--r .140
L ./ V / , / --:'" ./ i-';' Q / 1: ,.<.?1f
-.. .120
r
- --
300 L .,/ 1/ i><- .,/....- ... . , / / .......- --- : 1
.v / 1/ 'V ......- .100
,L .- .080
200 / - '
. ..- . ihl

100
o
---- .060
.040
.020
·V
.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

100 Psychrometric charts

WATER- METHANE
1.20 atm pressure
.054
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm
.052
dry methane O.O°C, 1.00 atm .050
.048
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
.046
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.044
.042
.040
Q)

.038 c
a:l
..c
.036 CD
.034
E
~
.032 "0
Cl
.030 ~
"""-
Cl
~
.028
.026 >.
."!::
"0
.024 ·E

-
::l
.022 ..c
Q)
.020
: :l
.018 0(f)
.0
.016 «
.014
.012
.010
.OOB
10 .006
.004
o .002
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 101

1900

WATER-METHANE 1800
80 90 ~ 110 120
1.20 atm pressure .600
.580
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm 1600 .560
dry methane O.O°C, 1.00 atm .540
.520
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .500
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .480
.460
.440
.420 Q)
c::
.400 C\l
£
Q)
.380
E
.360 ~
1j
.340 OJ
~
.320 ........
OJ
~
.300
.280 ~
.260 '5
~
'E

-
.240
..
:J
r--. ~;.: ~b!. .c:
/ : -- ......... .220 Q)
:J
v .200 aUl
.180 .c
.160
«
I
.140
--- I
I
.120
........ . .100

-- .080
.060
.040
100 .020
.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

102 Psychrometric charts 220

WATER-METHANE
1.50 atm pressure

O.O·C, 0.00603 atm .044

Enthalpy datum: liquid water
dry methane O.O·C, 1.00 atm .042

.040
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .038
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.036

.034
Q)
.032

-
c
ctS
.I:;
.030
Q)

.028
E
~
"0
.026
~
......
.024 Ol
.::.!

.022
~
.020 '5
·E
:::l
.018 .I:;
Q)
.016 "5
"0
(/)
.014 .c
<C
.012

.010

.008
10 .006

.004

.002

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 103

1400
WATER-METHANE
80 ~ 100 110 120
1.50 atm pressure .440
1300 / / :'11
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm .420
1200
dry methane O.O·C, 1.00 atm .400

.380
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation - .360

.340

.320
<1l

-
.300 c
ctl
.c
.280 <1l
E
.260 ~
-0

--
Ol
.240 .!o::
Ol
.!o::
.220

.200 ~
'C
.180 'E
:::::l
.c
.160 <1l
:5
.140 0tJ)
.0
.120 <t:

.100

.080

.060

.040

.020

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Dry bulb temperature CC)

104 Psychrometric charts
180

w ATER-METHANE 170

2.0oatm pressure
160 , 4.0 , . .. 50
.034
I I ~ Y .: ./ \ /'
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O,O' C, 0,00603 atm
150
I I N \: / IA \ .032
O,OT, 1.00 atm 140 / / V/<-\ I / i'-.. X :"
dry methane
/ ""'I / ~ I :' N ,
130 / 0 L :' I \ "'1/ ,'. I ;""- .030
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ?J.<:'
e' / \ I A :/ \ ~ / "'x : .028
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation e\S' 120 1"'-.. \i : b( V V \/
o~~ / A / // /\ " J\
':>~~ 110 0/ / \1'>( :I "'"
Ii'-.. \ .; /
"'" K / \n
.026

'" "" :" l""-.. \~ ,024 0>

\.'f.: / / ":-\ /
J"" / JI

,,/
~o~ 100 · o~ L A / \ /- V :V

-
:/ ~ c
~\)"f(): ~ y ' ""'\
c:"f(): 90 ~..;§
c:"f(): (0' / / X )< ,/ 1\ "'" 'X.,: / ""\
l\:l
..c
.022 0>
~ ~v \),,0 / / "x, :.\ / ~ V \ E
~«'\ /\ ~ / \ / ;' "'-.. /: .020 ~
~ ~
/ .~ / :"
/"'"
~~\S'f(): 80 .~ e"f():
,X I ,'.
"'" '"
~~ ~~ / :' A- /\ / ;

"'"
'0
\.13
70 / X / /' c/': \ V / \ :' / .018
OJ
-. ~

>{ / :'X / " /

~.
"\.. .......
~
OJ
~

60 / Y / \X ./
,,/\ ~ ,:' 'X .IX :
\ .016 ~
/\ V
'" ""-
/ ~ ~-, '/ "?/
50 o~ ~;J<:' 7 X \/ .... / '" ~' ~/ : \
: '0
.014 'E
/~ X 010/ "- / '
.............. A A
/ \ : /' ~
":tV '"
L
. ~ "'" /' ~ \
"'- """ c}/0 . / ' ..c
~

"'"
~ V [1,: \ \ (J) /.
"'"
~
/'"
40 .............. ,: 0>
.............. ~ 7 ,~ / ' <-. /\ /' ~ :' ~ ~
.012 '5

""',
'0
30 /("" /'" >< ./' ~ ~ 7' X :' X
""" ' ,k" \ // ~
.010 .0
(J)

~ / /'-y / ' /~ W ~ / ~ '\ 4 ,: ;<"

/ '" W:. ~ <{
20 / -><l
0 / IX ........... \) <' ~
/
>< ~ ,n ~y
/ ~ ~
/
'"
\ ~ ~ ,' "'"
~ ,~
s ·
"'" ,,"'"
"'----- ........... :'

"'" "'"
:~ !
\'8 '"
..---
.008

"'"
~ ...........
~ ><----V> . . . . . . 1 X
---"""
--
~ -------- ;> ~

-
10
\ \ ~
'" ~ ~ "'-..
"'"
:\fa.--

--""
....--~ v.....-- ~ ~
"'-.. -- ~ .n 0/0\ ---><
.006
"K .\- \ "'-..
"'"
~
"'"
~ ,"
~ ~ ~
---:j~ ~ ~ ~ X ""'1 --/.--: ~ ------- \~
o ~
---"'"-"" ~
"'" -----
"'-.. \ "'-..

-
,
.004
~ ~ ~ <:( zo ~ ~ "'- "\
"""':
"'"
~ ~~ ~ ~ ~
o
~~ ~,--~ \"-... k - ~ '- - ~ a .n ~~ humid t~ K .: :"'" " \1; "'"
\ilI "- .002
I - \e" "- "- \~ ->00;:: "-.", ""-\0
~ "'". . ,
", : \~ ~
.""- \0. " \9"-
\cp
"-
"" :
o
\0
'- ~ ~
"- I, "-
'"
"'" "'" "'"
"'-l\~
"'" "'"
"- '-I'
"""
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 105

WATER-METHANE
110 120
2.00 atm pressure .400

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O'C, 0.00603 atm .3BO

dry methane O.O'C, 1.00 atm .360

.340
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .320

.300

.2BO (])

-
c
<13
.c
.260 ( ])
E
.240 ~
"0

--
.220 Ol
.!i<::
Ol
.!i<::
.200
i!!'
.1BO :a
q: 'E
.160 :J
"';" . .c
(])
.140 ..-
:J
(5
en
.120 .c
«
.100

.OBO

200 .060

.040

.020
100 _ _ _ _ __
.000
30 40 50 60 70 BO 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

106 Psychrometric charts 160

WATER-METHANE
3.00 atm pressure

O.O·C, 0.00603 atm .023

Enthalpy datum: liquid water
dry methane O.O·C, 1.00 atm .022

.021
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .020
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.019

.018

.017 Q)

-
c
.016 til
..r:::.
Q)
.015 E
.014 ~
'0

--
01
.013 .:.::
01
.:.::
.012
.011 .~
'0
.010 'E

-
::::I
..r:::.
.009 Q)
::::I
.008 '0
(/)
.0
.007 ~

.006

.005

.004

.003

.002

.001

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 107

WATER-METHANE
3.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm .190

dry methane O.O·C, 1.00 atm .180

.170
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .160

.150

.140 (l)
c:
(Ij
.J::.
.130 (j)
E
.120 ~
"0
.110 Cl
~
""-
Cl
~

-
.100
>-
.090 ' 5
·E
.080 :::I

-
.J::.
(l)
.070 :::I
(5
(J)
.060 .0
«
.050

.040

.030

100 .020

.010

.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 140
108

130

WATER-METHANE
120
40 50
4.00 atm pressure
y'
.017
'7 'xl' / VI Y\ /
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm 110 / / / ./\ II I\:'
.016
O.O·C, 1.00 atm
I V / 1\ 1 I 'V
dry methane 100 / \ / Y\ Y I ,'. /\ .015
I A / \ V : II \ \:' \
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ~ V \1 \ / '\ 1 ;1' \ / .014
deviation to enthalpy at saturation 11\ / 1 1\ V :, 1\ / Y )(,:
/ X 1 \/ 1;\ .: \ \ V :\
o V \VL\ . / \ / ,' ~ /
.013

~o~ 1\' / /' XlI/ \V : / .012

~<z,: .v' / / \/ <l>
~ K / \ :' \ c
CIS
~~ \.. / \ /\ :/ \\ / '\ / \ I," ~

~v ~~,e / \/ V / \/ I \- :' \V \ \ . / .011 QiE

~~,~~e''l): / V\ / V /\ V ,: / I ,:V .010 ~
,'0 / \ / X \ /:' \ V \ \ V \ I> \ '0
50
/ X / f\/I )(0':' )\ \ X, \ 1-1 \ .009 ..':Jl!
01
-...
/ / Y V\1/iS V \ IV :\ )V 01
..':Jl!
40

/ ~
/ X / \ / \r ~, y
y \ /' V
\X 0 : 1\
~
/' 1\ '\ ,008 >.

./ '" :' /' \ IJ? :' \\ ,007

-
'5
'E:::::J
~
<l>
.006 '5
'0
(/J
.005 ..c
~
10
.004

.003

.002
~r\l---'\:"\. ~ -- ~ \ --\--- ~ 2.~f..-- \ \ -\-~"\ I ~r-- \ . \
~ ~~ \ I\I--~ \ _I---- '\ Ino/\I~p.\ativ ~midtv ~ f - - "'\ \ :' \ \~ Y 1\ :' \ .001
,,;.., \ w- \ \\0_ \ r-- .~\ \ \? :1
\ \ \ != :' \ \ : \0
\:on ~ \ \ <><., \ \ ~ \ " Oi \ \ '\ U) \ \ I c~ :' \ \ : t~
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 109

wATER-METHANE 550
4.0o atm pressure
80 9~ 100 110 12 0
v----- J:
"
.140
'f /\ r7 I .... ;' j \ ........... 0-- r-.- I 1
,\
Enthalpy datum : liquid water o.oce, 0.00603 atm 500 / 'Y. /
'! r--...... :'/ 1\ I ;'
b( :1\ /
...........
r-----. r--...... .130
dry methane o.oce, 1.00 atm '-......... II IV ; / .I' ........... j' ~I
' :-....
V j.
......

/ / rf\ ......... / 1(,,'r-\ '- /'

~ / "\ -;....... ........ / .120
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
0'
450
-...... / / X ~ / :' Y r---... ~
\. r--.;. V
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation
er
g,,<;::
/ j .........
K / \/ :' j...... r,:... / '\ ~ [\ : / r-....... .110
0<:\l$' 400
I
/ / ! ........... /)
~ / 11...........; ,- /. ' \ -........; ........ \ :/
~O; 70/
'y ...........
~ " / I / ,'. K ;-.. . . 1\ : V r\ V :' : .........
~ .100
't-'S
\.: ~ / V V r--..... / r\ V / I\' r--..... ;-.. I i I~ h' ...........
Q)
c
/ olf'
........ ca
'0<::- 350 ~o<::- ~ .j / 1 I"--.....
\
'j ;.....
---I.. ........ 1\ 'J. : I~ .c
.090 Q)
.§~ ,§'If.c)\ /~ :-.... '1
/ I'\. r--.....
~"? :
' . I'-..., / "'--:
A / I;'-..... \ r:--..... ........
\
E
~Cj
'If
~
~v ~v
~ \.:
~0 lL ovl /.- ~ :: '/ ........... 1/ I\~ I-.
........... Cj
:
~ '/ :-.....
..........
.080
~
'0
t;;.~~ 300 .~'lf tz}'lf f. /~ :1 j 7 N ;; ). i:'-..... ......... Y. ........
I'---.; V ~ ........ r-----. Cl
.....
.:.:

0~ ,,?-?S ,0~q j'-......., ~ I 0\9" '7' -.....;. f,(\ ........... N /;,"'~ V- ..........: ........ \ : ........... ........ :
-
Cl

,s : .070 .:.:
t... / /~ ~ / V; r-.- \ V r--..... ~ <lJ : '\ ~ V r----..,
~
~
250 60/ / "/ ...........V\ . 0'0- r ........... k( .... ~ ts:-..... ;' / ~ ........... 1\ V
..........
r----.., ~: '\ ........... .........
~
ii
/ 7 ')< / /~ ~ '- /......... :1'-- K \ / r----. t--..... ~: . . . K ti-. .~ : ' ...........
........ '<1" ; ~
'

/' I~ :
.060 'E:::J
/- /' / -;,. K >( ~ V
~~ J:"':-- '>< / \ I'-- t---.. :
~ .c
'> ~
r--...... <- :'
~ O'a Q)
200 .050 :;
/ "/ ~ / ........... ,/ <......
'.:~ ~ ~v
f\- ~ '/ N r-.- I\ ...........
....... kt
.'
~ "6
/ /' I/< V K I":"'" ........./ :::-ore
,//" v--. , / :\ r>: ........... V : ..........
r-..... k( ...........
r-.- .........
~ ~ . / I':-- ........... '\ CJl
..c
/'
«
:><:: f-x' ~ ;:.::.... / ...... r->
50 y .040
r--... /" : ...........
k ...... -;:..... r----... V ~ ['-...... --:-....
r-..... /k:- t--- ........ -......;.. .'
150
r-.- olj> <. ...... "
t',. .
I
V ::><-
./ ><1../ I> ~ ::><- p< r-........ ~
V .........
~P: \ ......r--..... .: .,.- V r----.., ........
:-- ........... 0
.030
/'~ >1--\V
><....
<1/ ~ vr........ ,/'...... ~ 1"--.....1...-/ r--...... ~
~ :--,: V- I'--
r-..... s ~ . [--...
'-.V ~ I'--
"' "
~ .' ~ '+
10 0
40&< ;;;
,.......",. , ~ K ~ "> < >< ;-..... ~
.......
~ ~ .......... K r-.... \-....: I'--
...........
tff! t> < .......I\. 1'--..... .......... : ................ .........'\ rt ......... ~:
/'
...........

>- r> K , . . . ~ r..., ><

~

> f:::: :>cI'-- ~ ? <

......... ........... .020
V

-
p< ~
I'-- ~ k- ~ r-.... 'IN N. ~ ~ ~ ::",
~ r><><~ r\.., > k ;,---
Kr----... r-..... P>< ~ "'-..... ~ '<
aT
r.... ><: ~ ~
p. ~ ~

- ...... ........... K;-..... :-

......
-<:::: r---: r-..... ~ ........... '\ ~ ........... r--.... t--..... ~~ t--- ;-.....
~:2ts><~ ~ .:; P---< rr-.....
......
f.';<: ...... ~ »-
~
...."
......
~
...........
r-.- '\ t6- ,.:... ...........
I""--.
[--...
~ I'-- :-.... ;--. -.......: ~
~
.010

r::: t--..... ........... ~ f"v. . . r-...... :-- ...........

/)

............... r----... ........ ....... ......... .......... I'-- ~ ........... ..........

~ ~ r-.- '\ ~
' p;
~ .....:..
~
r-. ...... ~ ........... ........... 1""--.: ........... ...........
" .000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

110 Psychrometric charts

WATER-METHANE
50
5.00 atm pressure .014

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm

.013
dry methane O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.012
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.011

.010 Q)
c
<tI
..c
.009 Q)
E
~
.008 ""0
01
..:.::
.......
01
.007 ..:.::
~
'5
.006 ·E
::J
..c
Q)
.005
'S
"0
(J)
..c
.004 «

.003

.002

.001

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 111

WATER-METHANE
110
5.00 atm pressure
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm
dry methane O.O°C, 1.00 atm .100

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

.090
deviation to enthalpy at saturation

.080
Q)
c:

-
ell
.c
.070 Q)
E
~
"0

--
0>
.060 ~

0>
~

.050 ~
'5
'E
::J

-
.c
.040 Q)
::J
(5
C/)
.0
~
.030

.020

.010

.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

Jl2 Psychrometric charts 100

WATER-METHANE 90

40 5o
10.00 atm pressure .0070
80
/ j IX 71 I 1\ ,; \ I \
.0068
Enthalpy datum: liquid water o.o·e, 0.00603 atm \ / \ / \ j \ I \ .0066
o.o·e, 1.00 atm
j / \/ / V' I \
dry methane 70 / \/ ;; 7 IX ~ \ .'
.0064
,0062
~0' / /\ I \ 7 \ :' \ / \ ,\ .0060
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ~f(} / / \ I \7 \ / :' \ I \ / .0058
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
~0
60 / 1\ I Y J )\ : V \ /.: .0056
o.~
~~f0
3 1/ IX 1\ I \ ;' I \ .0054
\.'+' J / \ / \I \7 1\ X : I .0052
, 0<:"- 50 " 0<:"- / r\ 1 V X X \ 1/ \ :'
:
.0050 -Q)
~~~
~ ~ ,/ V\ 1/\ / / \ :/ \ / \:' @
r::,?f. r::,~~~ (0' / / \ / \ V 1\ / \ 1/ X
.0048
~ .0046 .;:;
~~~ 40 ~c. ~..s0 L LV" X A V\ \/' \ : 1\ /
/ '\
Q)
.0044 E
~~~ &-t§> ~i"~ V \ / / \ /V \/ \ V .0042 ~
~ ,0~ /V \/
/ \/ \ /\ V\ \ :'/ \ .0040 -c
30 / IX V\ / \ / 1\ X : / \ \/ \ .0038 ~
Cl

/ / \ / \/ \/ \ \ V \ / : \ .0036 ~
/ lY V\ /\ / Y ~ ;' / 1\ \ / IV \ .0034 .......
20 / 0\0/ \ / \/ \ V 1\ / \ s'\v \ X '\ \ .0032 ~
211/ , tV V\ /\ ~ Y \ ~: \ V\ ", : \ \ -c
/ / ·\oV \/ \ V / \ Y ~; X ... . \ / ,0030 'E
.0028 ~
10 , / ft 1\ V\ / \ fr \ V\ ~: 1\ /' \ Y (n
,0026
/ IV Y X \ l -g 1\ :' V \
Q)
~ / \ A ~ :' K .0024 ~
/ ' ./' '\ / \/ ' CI~ V\ / 1\ V \ o~, V \ \ ~ W \ g
../ r\ v l-1 / V\~ n
.0022
\/ \ \ A : 1\ \ \~ ,:\ \
'\ /1 -d'.<n"...' . \
/ .0

./' V W vt .v-r %...\. V

0 , .0020 <t:
. /r\ \ V § :' \
.~

,0018
11/ V W-- I---Y X 1-- . / rt \ A' \ ~ \ (11
~: , 1\ ~

,0016
~V ~ W ~ l...- V\ o"l/- V \ l..---Y' \ j~: ...... ~ \ I \:!."' :' \ \---

--
.0014
V\ \ A- l'e ,:
~V
1\ ______ f\ ___ K l..--\-" ~ v-1 ---' Q~ 1\
~..- W ~ J...- 1
\ H'
-- \ ft \ U---- \

---
.0012
..... ~----
11--- \ J.. ~ i§;' \ \ ~ I--
\

-
t::-'1--]\ ~ \ ).- H L-\- I- \ j.----- ,,/. \ \ 1\ :' \ -'I f-r" \ :' ,0010

---- ~ ,~
/ l.- '\ pc 'I
.0008
I.\- t\
I-- .l-- W ~ ~ --\- 1--\ 1\ __ ~j.:.=- \ \:- ~ \ .~
1\ V
f\_ H- f\ ~
\ J=: j-----\--" \ ~ I--- 1\
~
IOP/o j\ela\iVE humIC IW /\ -'I \ ,: cD,\ \ :'\
.0006
\ .0004
~

\ \ '\ \ f-l: \ 1\ 9 \ \ 1\ \
'
1\ \ 9\ \ :' \
.0002
\ \ 1\ \. \, , "
~Cn \ \ \ \ \ \:'1 10) ,
\ ' " ' .0000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 113

360

340
WATER-METHANE
320 0 90 100 11 0 12 0
10.00 atm pressure
r .~ '" /
.060
/ '" II \1 / '~-J / : '" t '\ I I .058
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm 300 / /" , 1/ :' ~ : )(1 1\ / "\ .: "" .056
dry methane O.O·C, 1.00 atm I
/1\:' I 'f :' V '\, IA .: "" / "' : I .054
/ '\ II .\ ~ II: ~ / 'Xl \ .: I~ i ,:", .052
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy / / '\ k / N' : V"l : / "' : / I~ '" .050
deviation to enthalpy at saturation I "'\ I )\V 1\ j K I I I": I I .~ j ""
.048
/ I ') ./" Xi ~ I .: /~ . . \ l!\ I~ / .046
/ 'y,' II ,\V "\:' / '" J ~ "" )l '\ .: 1')( .044
/ I y, j ",I / ,~ I A\. :"- 1\ '" Ii V I~ .042 OJ
/ '} / ,),: / '" lX " V.: "" / "{ \.: ""1/
-
c
,040 ro
.J::
.038 OJ
E
.036 ~
'0
.034

--
Cl
~
.032
Cl
~
.030
160
.028 i!'
.026 'C
140 'E

a-
.024 ::J
.J::
.022 OJ
120 ::J
.020
Ul
.018 .c
100 <C
.016
.014
80 .012
.010
.008
.006

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Dry bulb temperature ee)

114 Psychrometric charts

950
WATER-HELIUM SYSTEM
50
1.00 atm pressure .280
.270
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm
.260
dry helium O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.250
.240
To obtain true enthalpy addenthalpy
.230
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.2.20
.210
.200
.190 E
:::J
.1 80 Q)
..c:::
.170 ~
"0
.160
.150
~ OJ
..:>t!.
.140
£'
.130 :g
.120 E
:::J
.11 0 ..c:::
(l)
.100 :;
<5
.090 ..0(/)

<{
.080
.070
.060
.050
.040
.030
50
.020
.010
o .000
o 10 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts J J5

.:Y.
WATER-HELIUM SYSTEM 8000
90 100 110 .. 120

07
' ., , .
1.00 atm pressure ..... 2.800
7500 I I i SO : I II r------I: :
:
:
:
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O'C, 0.00603 atm I I , / .' / / I; / : ...........
N :S',., )..
2.600
) 1 :........... Wci
dry helium O.O'C, 1.00 atm .' I,
/ :
..... : Olu , :: I'"
6500 tJ-I : 'II J .' / i / II :
I :
-.......:. 'If:') ri~
" ..

Too btain true enthalpy add enthalpy / / . . /r---...!;[ !/ : / ;: " ~ :-.: ilfI7' 1
"
2.400

~7
:j
devi ation to enthalpy at saturation I : / / "
: ~~
2.200
~.;:)
~
/ / : /
I ! r-....,
r------ : " "
"
'.

;;
I

/ / 1/ I! :1 ........... r:-....
b~""0,7
701
....
2.000
L ./ / .' I
.' I : -> --. '.
E

~:;
I: II
/ ,?'M . . . ....... / I: "
:--r-- 1,800 Q)
~

~ ~ / ! / I
.... -----.'. 77. On .s:::

/ :g, -;
~Q ~Q
---
4500 '. ~
~rtf .0' / ,I / / I
---§: "-- /:

-
,:§rtf '0
1.600
t]f I~ iY.;:)~0\.. J
o 'I
~ II:
,
"'-0 : / ~
Cl

L "
~CO 4000 CO Cl

~Q.~
rtf ~~
::.ortf fb~
/ / j: !/ :/ / ¥ ~: ~ 1\ .::.!

---
"
1.400
~
rI:i
3500
.rI:i
~ ~ J N ....... f : oVj I /
A; ,
":/ t?' ~ '.
'.
>-
;t::
<vI:::' / ~ ,(Q f / ,'-...:..\
<....... 7 ~ ,
:::g : '0
/ : / /~ -cs I:-.
-- 'E
t', "

---
1,200
60/ / / / o\cv
V:' -/.-. ....... / ~:
/ : '. :<5;., I--- ~ 00 ~
..c
30/,
.
,
: -:r-..
/ / / i/ C\j '
1.000
.Sl
25~
~
.2- T-- --.
-----
/ / /:
/ / ;/ 0
// (5
II)
.c
·s
/
/ I
~'j7
/- ~ / ,/
.'
Q) ,/ .800 <C
200~ / /
--- --- ".
./
./ / / -..,..( o I ~ /" I

-
./
50/1/ /' ... / / -;:.,;:; 2 :/ I
---
'7 '7 'v .600
1500L...i ./ ;/ /' /-
:;:r
/ 1/ /' 0/0/
L
-- '. ...l
./" / ;/
L 1 ./ . /, ' <......
', I

--
./ I
.400
----
n

100~L ./" .....,- (\ Qle -......:; I

........ ........ ........ 1
-"'"" ...- ...-
--
.L
,L

< I
.200
500 -'!
' "
.. '.
' .. ..
"' "'"
.. " "'" .000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

116 Psychrometric charts

600

WATER-HELIUM SYSTEM
2.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm

.130
dry helium O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.120
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.110

.100
E
.:!
.090 Ui
..c
~
"C
.080 Cl
.::.!.
......
Cl
.::.!.
.070
.~
"C
.060 'E
::J
..c

.050
.....::J
\l)

150 (5
en
.c
.040 <C

.030

.020

.010

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 117

WATER- HELIUM SYSTEM

90... 100 110 120
2.0a atm pressure 4000 80 1.400
I r7-f1: h- i Il X ~,: IT
:. 1/ "':-.: r--.,~..:>" .
/ "I- :
1"
I
O.O·C, 0.00603 atm :) ~
r
Enthalpy datum: liquid water / /: : :

dry helium O.O·C, 1.00 atm I 7 :

/: I:'--., v: il ~ !:
I 1.300

/t - J.... :
3500
/ 'f....... / " "f ) : "~
1.200
Too btain true enthalpy add enthalpy / I :"" , I I II :
1'--: II: LL :""-.....
f'-.-.
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation / j II ~ II / /'S lOe
}-... Ii};.. : :""" f'O"
~' I II ' 1
, 7 .
~~ )
1.100
"
.~
I :
I;J' 3000 I ~~

'0""<:.'
/ r-i I :' II
/ .: / I'--. /
:
: /: ""-.....
: 1/
v: V:
~ 1
1.000
"-:.." II
L ~O; / / 17'f'-.-. h i-- / ~ rZ1&6;. E
¥
/ I l' II ~V ! / ~: / I-- N ~\ 'iI it'?" .;!

L v: .900 Qi
• 0<::-\.: 2500
~
. 0<::-
- ~'b'~• c)\ - 70L I /
I/.: / :; -...:: "-,
~:
K- "- 1/ :r':: .s::::.
~
;§'b' I)( I :' II 17 Ii 1:---- r-.., I i 1/ 'j \1 "C
(§ -
2LL -.~'b'~v ~
~\... .800
17' r-,
/ ' V
C)
~Cj C:J'b' ~(lJ ~~ ""-.....
/~ ~'i
~
~ ......
/ ;;:: .
~

~'b' /
/
E ,' "').( ~
it;-~ r;b-'b' / / /
~
/ .:::J ,'
~ ~
.700
~ ~ ~q- L II olf / K ~
:/ ~ 6'0
L
Ill .
~

-/
~ ,'
<v~ ~ (0 /
- ~- 1/ I>' :/ / 1/ -,,' L p;' V ~
~: : -;.
'6
'f

;t
.600
/ 11V ' / V' '- r-J$( l'.... r-'..

'"./ '" j \l"l' • ::J

/ ./ .s::::.

60L / 1/ V .' ./ C? f'.,

: ./ :
" I'--- <1l
'S

""
~ I.
.500
/.
;1 /' I'-x '"k V. :
I
~fJ./
:1 / '.'- '0
/ ;; ./ v.
1/·'
./ ol~ V ./ ~k
f--,
I
I;; " , : J"-.-.- ' I--
~~
V t---....
«
CJ)
.c
-
, " ./
~ ·I
.400
v
/' /' /' /'
,L-
./ :/' . . . . r::"
":> :"
/" I : ~
,
"
.......
./ '. I
100QL
L -
-
50 /--:; l./ /" ....... V V
LOj< V
/ . V .'
I I ./' . ....... "

.300
L -- ......", :
'" "-:-
'-.,./
/'" V . / V I ::= :
-,
"":::::::1 : ~I.

- c:::::.L-"
./
Z.
I>< '
. / ./
.....- . / .....- .· 7 r-..,
./ ,V .' ---
f....:: - I '"' :
I
'- .--
l--" .......
' ----- I ~
.--
--
./'

--
./' .200
£.
-
.-- v ....... l.--"
500/
~ ~Q "
I ' -....:::::
, I

= -
I-
.t. ~ ~ -f-" I'- \'I ::::,. I'--..
I .100
,
I I
, I ....... ..::::-
-
I I .

I:: I 'Ll I'- vu

-, '" ,000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

118 Psychrometric charts
380

360
WATER-HELIUM SYSTEM
340 40 50
5.00 atm pressure .060
320 ~ / / :' '\V I.... I ~
Enthalpy datum: liquid water a.o·e, 0,00603 atm I J~ / :' 1 " :1 1
.058
.056
dry helium o.o·e, 1.00 atm 300 1 II 1)( / 1 /'-V ,''J
.054
280 ~ / l /,,11 :/ " ! .052
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 1 1 A I ,' /~ I "'-V' .050
deviation to enthalpy at saturation / V b( ," / "y ,' / ,:" .048
/ "" / /::\ V / .... ~ / .... ." .046
/ A / / /~ V.: y .044
.042
E
.040 ::I
Q)
.038 .s::
.036 ~

-
'C
.034 C>
.::.::
.032 C>
.::.::
140 .030

120 .028 ."C

.E"
,026 'E
::I
100 ,024 .s::
.022 .$
80 ::I
.020 (5
(/)

60 .018
.c
<C
,016
40
.014
20 ,012
.010

j .OOB
.006
004
002
000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 119

1800
WATER- HELIUM SYSTEM
120
5.00 atm pressure .500
.480
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm
.460
dry helium O.O°C, l.00 atm
.440

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .420

deviation to enthalpy at saturation .400
.380
.360
.340 E
.2
.320 ~
.300 ~
"0

--
.280 Cl
~

Cl
.260 ~

.1 40
.120
.100
.080
.060

200
~RIi~~!lmi§~atm3·040
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
.020
.000

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

120 Psychrometric charts
200

WATER-NEON SYSTEM
50
1.00 atm pressure .056
.054
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.ODC, 0 .00603 atm
.052
dry neon O.ODC, 1.00 atm
.050
.048
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
140 .046
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.044
.042
.040
.038 c
0
(J)
.036 c
.034 ~
-0

--
.032 Cl
~
Cl
.030 ~

.028
~
.026 'C
.024
'E
::J
.c
.022 (J)
~
.020 "0
(f)
.018 .D
~
.016
.014
.012
.010
.008
.006
.004
.002
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 121

WATER-NEON
o
1.0 atm pressure 190V
~:o 90 ., , 1)0, . 1, 10. 120

?7
....... .700
f I I I--- j I---.. .680
Enthalpy datum : liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm I I, I .660
I I ,II
/ r--- r--.

?
dry neon O.O°C, 1.00 atm 1700 I I I . / .......
r:-- .640
.620
H-.. / ! ......... -.:...
.600
To obtain true e nthalpy add enthalpy I' I -- :J
.580
---/
.........

deyiation to enthalpy at saturation I / ~ / r.:-.:.: ~

";7
1500 / / .560
I 1-- .540
I I I r:--, r--.
.520
llJo I I I I j N t-- .500
c<A<;:- 1300 f Ir---~
" ......... II I .480 c

-
/ / .:--;-- r--. ......... :2. ~o
/ 0
,,~~o,,/ ---
.460
t-- J j : Q)
c
.440
/ / I 0 1 / V r--, : -',
.420
~
-:-- t:--..
1

'0
j
~"'~ -0"
70/ / I'·j.." / ! / .400 ~
~Cj
~'lf
t};-v 1000 ~ ,-0
~ ":\
/ ---...
/ 0'1
/
I'--. .J / I e:
i c-'

/
II
:
I -r-
I--
.380
""-
C>
.:.t:.

---r-:'"
c,'lf IlJ

--
.360
ill ~wS V
'If 0L . (j
--<.... I 5 ~: ~o
~~-4, 900 .340 >.
.-
:,<::-'If ~ / / / . / I ~ / / : 'i5
--- r-.
IlJ
~&.....l"g
.320
'E
«,<::'~- 800O~
-- --r-.
/ / di .300
/ / / / / v. .280
:::l
..c.
700 / / r-----I.( ' j)" / / Q)

V
.260 '5
---r
L
/ / ,::." :: /
/ '0
600
L /
60/
/
/
,
/
/
/ 010. V /
---- -- c- -'.
--- ~
.240
.220
.200
en
.0
«
---- ----
--
soo L
--
/ / /
/' / /"
.180
/ / ' 7'
/'
/ -? : -.:::

--
/' ,./ '''11/(
Vn' .160
40yL /" . / /' /' -..;:
/' 7' /"
•,~ (m' -- .
oU/ ,./ ,./ 'un .140

---- ---
/" /' :". / 1. ~n -
:/ .120
.L / ....- ,/" /' /- n 01,
/'

---
/' ../
..--
-',
.10.0
L
-.L
.....- /' ....- ....-
200 .0.80
L -"
.060.
Y.
.040.
100

~E
.020.
.000.
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature CC)

122 Psychrometric charts
120

WATER-NEON SYSTEM
2.00 atm pressure ,028

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm

,026
dry neon O.OT, 1.00 atm
.024
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.022

.020
c::
0
(1)
.018 c::
~
"C
.016 0>
.::.:.
"'-
0>
.::.:.
.014
~
"C

.012
'E
~
£
Q)

.010 '5
'0
(/)
.D
<{
.008

.006

.004

.002
o
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 123

wATER-NEON 900

a
2.0 atm pressure
90 , , .100
, 110 , . ,...120
.300
I II I II I If "-1.,: I I ; 0 ,jl'>,

2
rJ II '
" I"-I /
v
En thalpy datum: liquid water O.O"C, 0.00603 atm l
dry neon O.O"C, 1.00 atm
80!'-
...L t:--../
, / / /
/
:
:
""" .280

/ / ............. ( :
1 ~ .260
/ / /.' 'I I: / -
L
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy r--L
/ : j V ~
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation / """" ~ .240
/' 0 II .: II I "~.Ioo '
~~L
/ / ~

/""
/ I '/.. / :' / / :
O'~ : I ~
I ~
.220

L C!- \. . -
/ / " ",: I 1 : ............. '/C~,4
/ /
I II / I I . . li- / I 'l", "
V .200
c
~ I II h( ,:11 I : "~ 0'1j. I
0
Q)
c

~1f
~o<::'-
500"
-: 0<::'-
J-~.O
-

1 '" ./
/ ~ /
/ I
lV ,1
:'1
/
/ .............
r--J
V: ~ V
/
:
'" :::J
/
!I :,.,
-...;::; ~
.180
~
"C

--
OJ
~1f ~ III 70/ / I I l1' "- V /. : ..:.::
/ /
L
~ Gj ,: A
~1f .v ,§ .160 OJ
..:.::
~ ~
/ ~r V
/ I:' " c '
I / "-
"' r.-..: / '. -
4L
fty'< 'S)'li ~'li _ /
0
~ .~ !Zi /
/l "- ~:
<v~ ,,?,,?Y,1lI~
or 1/ /1 ~
/ 'b( V v VI V I, c6 j I'--....
.140 '8

" <Y;~ f(
"
0): 1 'E
L / 1/, / '",K r-..., v / " ::J
/ / : JJ
.120 .s=
/ / / 1Y :/ V N /' I'--- Q)
'S
30z f 60/ / / 01,
/ /' I'--.... V / c;: : I
I
"""'I (5
/ : '- .100 f/)

L- / t'X /
~f.>/ ./ i'-..... /' .m , /' "~ !7
.0
«
/ / /' ><
/' ol, V /1 / / ' "-
0; : V
" r--...... v
/' V / ./
x v :/1 /'
1"- ;.."
/ 1 " /
.080
200' £
5u ../ ./
./ / ,/ /' V I
o/oj./'
/" : ['-....
I ./ ,
"- J-.... ~ /9s
~ ,,/ ;x..../,
1/
........-:
v- ' 1
: 01-
r-...,
,
/ '-.... 1 1......- I
........ .060

£- v

'-
?< / ;;...- I "'- I,

-
.......- ,
/./
, ...... I>< - I
-- ,
./

00 /
;L
.... ,...... ./ ....- ..- ........
.040

Z- 1 .--
l- .020
I --......

,000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

jJ24 Psychrometric charts 70

WATER-NEON SYSTEM
50
5.00 atm pressure .010

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm

dry neon O.O°C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation .008

.007
c
0
Q)
c
~
.006 "0
Ol
-..
~

Ol
~

.005
~
"0
'E

-
:J
.004 ..c
Q)
:J
(5
en
~
.003 <t:

.002

.001

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ee)

 Psychrometric charts 125
450

WATER-NEON
5.00 atm pressure
Enthalpy datum: liquid water o.o°c, 0.00603 atm
.110
dry neon O.O°C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .100

deviation to enthalpy at saturation

.090

c
.080 0
Q)
c
~
"C
.070 Ol
.::t:.
.......
Ol
.::t:.

.060
~
"C
·E

-
.050 ::I
.s:::.
Q)
: :I
"0
.040 (/)
.0
«
.030

.020

50 .010

.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

126 Psychrometric charts

WATER-ARGON SYSTEM
50
1.00 atm pressure .030

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O' C, 0.00603 atm .028

dry argon O.O'C, 1.00 atm
80
.026
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .024

.022

c::
...
.020 0
0)

ell

.018 ~
"0

--
0)
.!i<::
.016 0)
.!i<::

~
.014 '5
'E
:::J
.012 ..c::
<1>
"5
(5
.010 en
.n
«
.008

.006

10
.004

.002

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 127

1000
WATER- ARGON SYSTEM
1,00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O,O°C, 0,00603 atm

dry argon O,O°C, 1,00 atm
.300
1 "
:J-.- " 1,3n
To obtain true enthal py add enthal py I
.280
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
~'
7 00 / / ;' / 1 / / -----.;,
"
.260
~<f / / :' / t--- "

- :............
"

~'l:f 650 ! N 7 .. / / V ", "

.240

0;/
~}~ / / / -h( ~ r-

i
1/ : / / 11 c
-.. ~
.:..~
0
f> .;?'i' 7 / 7 71 / . "
.220 El
ctl

~o , 7
50 ~o~ 70 / / =1 / 1 l L-..~ '"I .200
~
'0
~,;}flf ~flf \...Ci' L / / / '?: I
---- --
C)

--
.!II::
1;-'" ~
500 , CJ,,:>'l:f. ~0 I ~I~__ 7. r7 / &:' / '":-..
I .180
C)
.!II::
\\ ~ ~ / II I'Y ' P.: ~, 7,70
~~ 450 ~'l:f r,S-flf / / 1
-..
~ ~ ~'l:f # / / .I J'r----J!.: / I/,
1 ,: / '
"
.160 i?;-
~ 400 '?' ....10 J ~ 'l' ~: r---_ / o. '6

-
1
'E
"

./ / /J /:7 r7 f/ '1'--~ -,."

Clf~
I
.140 ::J
me (rn 't-.
---- -
.t:
,:\oy /
Z / /
350 L ~__ 7 /

-
1
--.! / a: / 1 --:. qQ.
<1l
::J
30y 60/ / I / / ols>' ;' ~;Z::: ,!9 /'
--.
--.' 70
.1 20 aen
:/ / / / / 1 .100
.0
«
25~ / // 1/ 010. I .;;:.:1 - - - __ "

~.. ~ -L / /' foJ7 J7 :7 -c : I, ,

20~
150~,)•.L
~ bU/ /
/' /' /'
././
....- /' /' /
7'---,,6 /'
.......... /-:--,.:
0' t
I
It :
- 'V
.080

L / // n ~?~
:L In ........ , ........ ........ ....- ....- ....-
lOOf ...-. I , q --.' .040

.020
50
~, .000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

128 Psychrometric charts
60

WATER-ARGON SYSTEM 55

2.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water o.o°c, 0.00603 atm .013

dry argon O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.012
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.011

.010
c
0
.009 .....
Ol
<1l
~
\J

--
.008 Ol
~
Ol

-
~

.007
>.
ii
.006 ·E

a-
::J
..c::
<1l
.005 ::J
en
.0
.004
«
10

.003
5
.002

.001
o :

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 129

500

WATER-ARGON SYSTEM
90 100 110 12 0
2.00 atm pressure .160
450
/- 1) ~ :/ / j ............ ;; ............ ~

Enthalpy datum : liquid w ater O.O°C, 0 0

. 0603 atm / 1/ r ~ J : b(, / .150
dry argon O.O°C, 1.00 atm I.. ;1 / : ~ ' j / ' 1/:

7
80/ f--l 1/ , j ": f-. / : N :
.1 40
/ 17 .i
/ ..........
/ f ~ II ':- I'---Q~
Too btai n true enthalpy add enthalpy / / r7 ~ ! I'-.-
deviation to enthalpy at saturation / 7 l t V; V
"- I'
f'-.- / - ,130

O~' T
/ ............

/ ,"::J.. : 1

L
~(Sj
"",,- / / ~ :
.120
/ / ~ / :' / / ~ / ........ :
o~
L
Ii
/ / t---- / / / :K P(7"
'"
..........
S:f:"0;
L / / ,/ /
/ 1
.110 c

~~
............ ~
/ .... / 0
OJ
r-L / / .. I :

L -
/ I
~

;:,0" .r§' ~ f ............

.100 ell
'If ~ / / I ' '-./ . II ;.... ../ / : ..........
"- 1/ ~
~.:§ .:§'If •c)\ - '0

L
'?>' ~ '-
/ / / / ~I / / ~ / : N : Q.."

--
/i OJ
~Cj 250 1:oJ'lf 0 .090
701. 1I 7
~
/ .."."

~'lf ~v ~ - / ~ "-... : ~ OJ
/ I / ;g /

L
~
~~ :!J'lf ~'lf /
............
/ . ..........
~ &'If 9,0 "- .080
/0 ;7 / 'J ( 7' ;; .
<v~ ~ ......0~' -
/ / .. . 1/ ............
-/ »
.-
:c
2L
"-
- / /
-yo
V /
,
1/ 1-5;
0<
:--.....
<?: / .070 'E
7 K I :s: :1/ ~ ~e

-
/0 "- / ::::'I

L
..c
/ 1/ l<r-.,. 1/ ./ ./ , 'T: .............
-/:
1ty "-.., '" .060
Q)

/ / 1/ ..........
~ ::::'I

15~L 60/ /1 /
/
1/ 010 '" :/'
........, ,/
1/ ./ . C"2 :I '" ,,- I
/'
/"
.............
, .050
(5
en
.0
/ /' '>< '"
"
I /. /' <{
/ S: I OJZ"
~
/
/ / /"
~,
,/ ' /' --....:::: <: ............. ./'
?"-l..
I
.040
L ./ / /" ..- ./ /'
: / /7 .......... '/
1/
............. ./'
I
l o0 L
L 50/ ::
/' / ./' ./ /.. /' ',!'; ' ........ , ....... ............
.030
L /' / ...- ..- 1- - ......

-
../ -....... : ........
><. " 0/ •
'"
--
:L

-
...... ....... ........ ...... /-" ""c . v:r-,

50 L
/ '"
.......
/ .......
...... ::;p
I --' "-
-....::::
, ........ ........
.020
><" ..........
-£-
J'C. I I .~
(h.
I "n,
.010
0
, ,
~ . .
.. "
.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

130 Psychrometric charts

35

WATER- ARGON SYSTEM

5.00 atm pressure
.0054
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm
r--rf--~~~~4-~~__~--~--~--4 .0052
dry argon O.O·C, 1.00 atm 'k----;f--·~C"_hf~+__-l>l_-~./_;_~W .0050
.0048
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
1--+~~~-+~L4~~L+~~,A~~~--! .0046
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
/P';:--:rt--*~:'-I:rL.......-+----*4i---+-+----t-*-l----,4 .0044
t-~~~~~~~-~~~~~--+'-~L--4 .0042
~~~-~-~L.......~~~~~~~--+-7L+~-4 .0040
~~~t-~~~~---b~~~~~-~~~-+-~4 .0038 §
Cl
.0036 (ij
~~~~Lf~r+~~~~---;~~~-~-~~~~ .OO~ "C ~
)t--/f--~~-t~~~~~~~~+---~~~---+~~;L--f .0032 ~
.0030 ~
.0028 ........
>.
~-t~~~~~~M-~~~~~~~~~~~~·~~bL~~~+---~ .0026 ~
~1-~1t~~--~~~~~~--~~~--~-~~~-~~~----! .0024 .~
.c
.0022 Q)

.0020 ~
o
.0018 .2
.0016 «
~~~~~~4-~~~~~-~~~-+~-t~~~~--~-~~~~~~~~--l .0014
~~t)~~~~~~~~~~-t~~-~~~~t-~¥-~~~~~~-+~~-+~~~~~ .0012
.0010
o .0008
~~~~~~~tt~~~~~~~~~~TF~~~~~~~---+~~f-~~~~~~~~~~~~--~~ .0006

~~~fitS8Em~ffit:~~·0004 10 20
.0002
.0000
30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 131
200

WATER-ARGON SYSTEM
5.00 atm pressure
.052
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm
.050
dry argon O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.048
.046
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .044
.042
.040
.038
c
.036 a
....
Ol
.034 C!I
~
.032 ""0

--
Ol
.030 ~
Ol
~
.028
.026 g
""0
.024 ·E

-
:::J
.022 ..c
Q)
.020 :::J
.018 "0
(J)
.0
.016 <t.:
.014
.012
.010
.008
.006
.004
20
.002
.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

132 Psychrometric charts

140
WATER-N 2 /C0 2 SYSTEM
50
Gas mixture: 79.0 mol % N2 and 21.0 mol % CO2 .040

0.80 atm pressure .038

.036
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm
dry gas mixture O.O·C, 1.00 atm .034

.032
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation. .030

.028

.026
-
~
:::::J
x
·E
en
(\j
.024 OJ
~
"0
.022

--
OJ
~

.020 OJ
~

.018 >-
.-e:
"0
.016 ·E

a-
:::::J
..c
.014 w
:::::J

30
.012 en
.0

.010
«
20
.008

.006
10
.004

.002
o
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

 Psychrometric charts 133

WATER-N2/C0 2SYSTEM 1700

/ r
t / :I :!I /:/ :i
80 90 100 110 120
Gas mixture: 79.0 mol % N2 and 21.0 mol % CO2
L
,600
160 r :t--.,....: I I
0.80 atm pressure I : I --- N.. : :
.580

1500 /: / i I : / :
.560
; / L
"
.540
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm -----J '
7'"'!--
/ /
1400 I :' .520
dry gas mixture O.O°C, 1.00 atm r~-1 :
.500
,...,:
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .
"
,
I """ ~ I ,f)',
.
~'•,
.480
.460
deviation to enthalpy at saturation. ~ -Nt---
.440
~
.420 ::I
.400 X
r, 'E
=:--......; '. .380
.360
C/)
ctI
OJ

.340 ~
'0
.320 Ol
.:lo::
-.
.300 Ol
.:lo::
,280
>-
:t::
.260 '0
.240 'E
'. I
-
::I
.220 ..c
I .200
Q)
: :I
~ "! 0C/)
.180
1
1-- _ .0
I .1 60 <t:
I ".
.1 40
: ./ I
.120
-t">-~ I I

/ 1 " .100
I
--' ,
I .080
I
...... 1 ...- o 1 tin
.060
: 1
.040

II
30 40
I 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
-0.

120
.020
.000

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

134 Psychrometric charts

WATER-N2 IC0 2 SYSTEM

50
Gas mixture: 79.0 mol % N2 and 21.0 mol % CO2 .034

1.00 atm pressure .032

Enthalpy datum : liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm .030

100
dry gas mixture · O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.028

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .026

deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
.024 ~
::J
X
.022 ·E
fJ)
al
C>
.020
~
"0

--
C>
.018 ..::.:::
C>
..::.:::
.016

.014
->-
'0
·E
::J
.s:::::
.012 Q)

30
:5
(5
.010 fJ)
..0
<X:
20 .008

.006

.004

.002

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ee)

 Psychrometric charts 135

WATER-N2 IC0 2 SYSTEM

Gas mixture: 79.0 mol % N2 and 21.0 mol % CO 2

1.00 atm pressure

'.

Enthalpy datum: liquid water '.

'.
-
'.
.360

dry gas mixture ...... ...:.., 1 <:!~'•

.340
..............
.320
a>'.
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy -
deviation to enthalpy at saturation. .300
'.
.280
':::: So
~

.260
C/)
co
.240 C>

--I--. . ~
'0
.220

--
C>
~

-
.200 C>
~

--I--- .180 i?:-

ii
'..1 .~"

/
. -- .160 'E::::l
..c
.140 Q)
/ :1--- :;
.120 aC/)
/ .0
/" 1<0 ex:
.100

-- .080

Ur,
.060

-- -- .040

.020

.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

136 Psychrometric charts

WATER-N2 /C0 2 SYSTEM

50
Gas mixture: 79.0 mol % N2 and 21.0 mol % CO 2 .028
.027
1.20 atm pressure
.026

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm .025

dry gas mixture O.O°C, 1.00 atm .024

.023

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .022

deviation to enthalpy at saturation. .021
.020 ~
::J
.019 x
.018 'E
(J)
C!l
.017 OJ

.016 ~
"0

--
.015 OJ
..:.::
.014 OJ
..:.::
.013
.012
~
"0

.011 'E
::J
.!:
30 .010
.....
Q)
::J
.009 (5
(J)
.008 ..c
20 «
.007
.006
.005
.004
.003
.002
.001
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 137

1100
W ATER-N2 /C0 2 SYSTEM
n ,
80 100 110
Gas mixture : 79.0 mol % N2 and 21.0 mol % CO 2 1000
I :" I :' I :'1 N

is
I I "I

L i~'
: / ~
1.20 atm pressure
I I : ,:1 I :11 r-
Enthalpy datum : liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm
dry gas mixture O.O°C, 1.00 atm
oo
/
L
/
' r-......
,'. /
1§§31 I I(
-""""r--..
'
t i l mEr:----.Hi:
:
:: -:--
;: : /
/ I : /:' I :-......-...... ,' :/ ::
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .
~~~--~~A/.. II ~/~~~~/~:
: /,'. ~~/~2~/~~~~~
/
I : / I
I U~~~~&~~~~~~~~1:~
/ 1
'f--..:; I"
:/
/ [:' /
/
I
-.,:,.
II "
'UII '019
~
:
9(1
~ ~i S rn "
:
"
.280

.260 ~
/ ;f I -.. . . . ....... ..1 / ----~~!J 1I.?r:·, ' ~
/ / I / rr--.
: : I " ---r--.- ' .240 'E
I 1<,> 1' II ;' Ii :it--- " / ', en
/ / V /r:; ... / I :'f... .220 ~
70/
I r--,. / .'
/ I .' / ' :; 1 ::/
I.W : In,.:
! r--:-- -L :
: / --- - - i - . ' ,
.200 -5
Cl
/ 7 1 r:-:--.l 1/ / / 2: ~ : r---...: I I ~
It 1/ . t-- V 'E: I ~: " r--- ' fT. .180 ~
/ 1/ 0\01 :' I II .' I"-r-- : / m: / ';6: ",I'--
.160 £
/ V /"---- : / ....., "0
.'.
-
/ 1/ I :"V V V :' V ,., ,' ___
',ncO'. 'E
.140
/ 1/ .-.:P/ V -f ~/
::l
.s::
60/ / -/ / ~ .120
.$

-
/ / 57'1-- / .. I'" --. I
::l
'0
/ / / V· / /'" c:J ./ '00
.100 ..c
en

/ ' / /'" V· / :V «
/ V / .''/ 1 ./ I ./
---- l' I-- ~ ,' I
<!l : Y
I
/ 1
.080
bU /' / /./ ./ ./ oo .y / / ?O- '
L ""--./ /--:,.< /" f/./ V
.060
:2- I

-
.......... 1/ / 1 / f"

-
In
....... I-- 1,-.--
~. ~
.040

.020

." .000
30 40 50 60 70 80 120

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

138 Psychrometric charts
100

WATER-N 2 /C0 2 SYSTEM

90
50
Gas mixture: 79.0 mol % N2 and 21.0 mol % CO 2 .022

1.50 atm pressure .021

.020
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm
.019
dry gas mixture O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.018
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .017
deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
.016
~
:::l
.015 X
'E
.014 en
('(I
OJ
.013
~
'0
.012 OJ
..::.::
.......
.011 OJ
..::.::

.010
.~
'0
.009 'E

-
:::l
.008 .c
Q)
:::l
.007 (5
en
.0
.006 «
.005
10
.004

.003

.002

.001

.000
a 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 139

W ATER-N2 /C02 SYSTEM

90 120
Gas mixture: 79.0 mol % N2 and 21.0 mol % CO 2 800
I~~rvo ' .280
1.50 atm pressure ""
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O· C, 0.00603 atm 700
dry gas mixture O.O·C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation.

: -';-
.160
I'--- 1"--- :
1.0 . .
: """=: .....:
.140

;l:.'
.120
........
v : ~ . . . . c 80
.100
/' '.
/~r-. '.
'. .080
/' :1 ~
:I i:
.060
~

-- ......

'. --
-:::
.020

.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

140 Psychrometric charts

WATER-N2 le0 2 SYSTEM

50
Gas mixture: 79.0 mol % N2 and 21.0 mol % CO 2 .017

2.00 atm pressure .016

Enthalpy datum : liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm .015

dry gas mixture O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.014

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

.013
deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
(J)
.012 .....
::l
X
.011 ·E
(/)
CO
Ol
.010
~
"0

--
OJ
.009 .::.t:.
OJ
.::.t:.
.008
~
'C
.007 ·E

-
::l
.c
.006 (J)
: :l
"0
.005 (/)
.0
«
.004

.003

.002

o .001

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 141

WATER-N2 /C0 2 SYSTEM

90 100 110 120
Gas mixture: 79.0 mol % N2 and 21.0 mol % CO 2 600

/
~~I/ .jll / ,: ' II ;
:1,/ I -rt:'t-+f- : ~"'- :
II
If
j :: ,200

2.00 atm pressure .190

550
,180
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O' C, 0.00603 atm
dry gas mixture O.O' C, 1.00 atm 500 ,170

,160
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation. ,150
~
.140
x
::J

.130 'E
(J)
<IS
,120 C>
?!'
'0
,110

--
C>
~

,100 C>
~

,090 ;:.
'5
,080 'E

-
::J
.c
.070 <1>
r--_ _
200 ::J
(5
,060 (J)
.c
,050
«
150
,040

100 / - .030
L-
-- -
,020
~
1::::
I
I
v
o - .010
50 l- - I
I
-+-- ...1 1--.' . ~
1'.,
,000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

142 Psychrometric charts

WATER-N2 le0 2 SYSTEM

50
Gas mixture: 79.0 mol % N2 and 21.0 mol % CO 2 .011

3.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm

dry gas mixture O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.009
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation.

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 143

W ATER-N2 /C0 2 SYSTEM

50
Gas mixture: 79.0 mol % N2 and 21.0 mol % CO 2 .008

4.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O'C, 0.00603 atm .007

dry gas mixture O.O' C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation. .006
~
::J
x
'f
.005 (/)
ctI
OJ
~
'0
OJ

.004 --
~
OJ
~

~
:c
'f
::J
.003 ..c:
Q)
'5
(5
(/)
.0
<{
.002

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

144 Psychrometric charts

W ATER- N2 /C02 SYSTEM

Gas mixture: 79.0 mol % N2 and 21.0 mol % CO2

5.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm

.006
dry gas mixture O.O·C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
.005 ~
:::J
x
'erJJ
m
OJ
.004 ~
-c
OJ
.......
~
OJ
~

~
.003 '6
'e
:::J
..c
Q)

~
0
rJJ
.002 .0
~

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 145
280

W ATER-N2/C02SYSTEM 260
90 100 110 120
Gas mixture: 79.0 mol % N2 and 21.0 mol % CO2 .068
l~ /: I I I r---..Y:· I 1\
/ II r 1r--...
5.00 atm pressure 240 / 7 If., ~~,J/ I I / :' ------- : ,: / .064
80/ I : /~ ' / / ~ --- .' /
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm '1---[ I ,: II \ l ---1'---1 / : ---rI-- .060
220
I / I' t-W X/ /:---... / : \
dry gas mixture O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.056

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .052

deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
.048 ....
Q)
:::J
x
.044 'E
(/)
~
OJ
.040
~
"0
OJ
.036 .:r.
----
~
OJ

.032
120 ~
'6
.028 'E
:::J
100 .c
.024 Q)
'S
0(/)
.020 .0
80
<t:
.016

60
.012

.008

.004

30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

146 Psychrometric charts

WATER-N2 /C0 2SYSTEM

50
Gas mixture: 90.0 mol % N2 and 10.0 mol % CO 2 .042

0.80 atm pressure .040

.038
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm
.036
dry gas mixture O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.034
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
.032
deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
.030 ~
x
:::l
.028
'E
(/)
.026 til
Cl
.024 ~
'0
Cl
,022 -..
~
Cl
~
.020
>-
:t::
.018 '0
'E
.016 ::l
.c
<J)
40
.014 'S
"6
(/)

30 .012 .0
<l::
.010

.008

.006
10
.004

.002

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

 Psychrometric charts 147

WATER-N 2 /C0 2 SYSTEM

'Y/~~~~t8~0rl-'-j~f'I--"I--,":
1700

Gas mixture: 90.0 mol % N2 and 10.0 mol % CO 2

0.80 atm pressure ''''0 ~~~~9~°=fEi=9~p;10~0=t:t=i~~1~10~:t~;j~1210

i" "-~c-- i "-,'",, .580
.600

L
.560

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm

dry gas mixture O.O·C, 1.00 atm
1400 I /.
__ : I
7 : 1
/ ~,r--. 1---"
'
.540
.520

--'. .500
.480
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ~ '.
-...: ' .460
deviation to enthalpy at saturation. ;---....
.440
I:
~
.420
x
::J
.400
'E
.380 en
ctS
.360 Ol

.340 ~
"0
.320 Ol
.::.:.
""-
.300 Ol
.::.:.
.280
.260
.240
->.
'C
'E
::J
.220 .!:
Q)
.200 "S
.180 "0
en
I
I ..c
.1 60 ~
v I
.140
: / / I
_I- .120
I 'U

.100
.080
.060
.040
I I In
.020
'"
.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 110 120

Dry bulb temperature CC)

148 Psychrometric charts

130
WATER-N2 /C02 SYSTEM
50
Gas mixture: 90.0 mol % N2 and 10.0 mol % CO 2 .034

1.00 atm pressure .032

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O' C, 0.00603 atm .030

dry gas mixture O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.028

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

.026
deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
.024 ~
:::l
.-g
.022 E
If)
en
Ol
.020
~
'0

--
Ol
.018 ..::.::
Ol
..::.::
50 016
~
'6
40
.014 'E
:::l
.J::
.012 <1l
30 :5
(5
.010 ..c
If)

<{
20 .008

.006
10

.004

.002

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 149

7t
W ATER-N2 /C02 SYSTEM
Gas mixture: 90.0 mol % N2 and 10.0 mol % CO 2
L 80 90 .. , . 100 110 120
100 II " ~' I !/ ' I' : ...... r:-... I : I: : I .400
II ." r-r--... :"I . / I .380
1.00 atm pressure I / : II .1"""" ,I 1/ : I.......... :
:

Enili~~dMum: ~~~~ure ~:~~:~:~~~~Mm 900~1000~~_~II~/~!~~~/~~~j~~!~I~~!~!~~~~~~~~~~~:~I'~~,~~~:~~~:I~ g:: I / R : / ...... -.....; I T7-

. .320

~\ :~~-:~~/~/~~: /~!~/:~~~~:~/~~~~~~~~~:~"""~~~:~~I :~.. ~~ . .f.v ~ Ii I '

.r-
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy I !-...!
:j : .............. I '.

C$,/
7'--
II .300
1

deviation to enthalpy at saturation. r_~ 800 / 1 :/ I : j '. --..:.:.'O{)

qiJ , ~7 :' 7 1
.2S0
~ 70 I "'i-....... 1/ :' / I : / : '. I '. I

L -
~ / ~ I >...:: ~ ', I .260
~'+O;, 700 / 0/ I c:: ,' / ' / ----4.......: : / r--.. '.

7
~ s::- - -~ ,j '/ 1/ q : 1/ l ......... t--:j r<=:
.240
.0<::0-
~~
~o ~
~ \...V
J.
/ rr--..i :
1/ :
/
1

;; '!.1': t. :
; ....... r-...... :
:
I
" --- K

600 ",fl:f (Q - - 0\0/ ~. ,""v....... II . Y~: '.

.220
~",fl:f ~CJ ~ / I ~rl :'1 / --.:::..
: / x
.200
-Afl:f - . ~fl:f ~fl:f / / J : 1/ 7 r--.; I c.V : .. ....... t--- '.
~~ 500 ~ t?- J 1/ '00 : I /i-- ~: / ""-:- "'1l:
.1 80
<v~ / _ "f ....(Q /.I"--hZ I, -:,\P/ I IV : 7 /.: V c: ' I
'. p~ ~

.L ~: V
/ 60/ / / .v o~ : 17 . r--- '. ~
.160
L / / / V
L
400 I ,' 7 i-..... ~:
.140
I / //~r--
L / --
1/ / 1,;' , :/

~ ./ O\",? : v: A 1/ t-!.' : I ./ I "U

.120
300 / / /...... 'i .' . / ' .2 : ....... -,.(
/- / /::><-/ 1/ <11 ' --r--.:.... '· 1 .100
L 50 ./ ./ .' ./' V /;~ Ql./" I '.
L ./ ./ ./ V V / . ' 7' V1' 1
'ga ~ fl"l,
200
...L
L
/, ;
/' >" ./ /" ~
./ V
/" 01 I
1
-:-f---
' 7
r---
--
~ --- I--. 'I'.J ~
--=:
.080

L ./ 1/ r....... ./ ~ ;' r-,.;= '. .060

/" -, ' 1___ ' / ~. ......... .v I .-- ' --
.040
100 .tf 1 1 """"" - 1 -'\" '. ::: I

.020
=
~

.000
30 40 50 60 70 so 90 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

150 Psychrometric charts 120

WATER-N2 /C0 2SYSTEM 110

50
Gas mixture: 90.0 mol % N2 and 10.0 mol % CO 2 .028
.027
1.20 atm pressure
.026

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm .025

.024
dry gas mixture O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.023
.022
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation. .021
.020 ~
:::J
.019 X
.018
·E
(/)

.017 m
Ol

.016 ~
"0

--
.015 Ol
.::t!

.014 Ol
.::t!

.013
Z.
.012 '0
.011
·E
:::J
.!:
.010
$
:::J
.009 (5
(/)
.008 .0

.007
«
.006
.005
.004
.003
.002
o .001
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ee)

 Psychrometric charts 151

WATER-N2 le0 2 SYSTEM

80 ,. 90 100 110 120
Gas mixture: 90.0 mol % N2 and 10.0 mol % CO2 ,..
1000
r 7 ~ I !I :1 II I : r--..;. .360
. I ?t--~ :j : : : '. r-.....: 71...,
1.20 atm pressure .340
I . I I rl : / : : "
c-::...
O.O·C, 0.00603 atm 900 I / :' 7 'i-- s,., j : :
Enth alpy datum: liquid water t .320
I I I I I ~ 11"'e I-nJ I '.

dry gas mixture O.O·C, 1.00 atm : / l j: I r--.i.. (m4 : :

~80/
€I
.300
I I "'- <......... -7 ,r---..
:j : 'Ye/,
ty o · :
I I j .' .,...... ........ : I : j II : .....: ,m/X I" -..I
Too btain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
~ ~~/ I
/
jT
7
:T
:j j ......... hi.
: IL :--. f...L
:
/ :
:
:
:
:
F:.:.: ---~ :in
, .280

.260
I II II
~~2
I V : ......... : 1 ~
::J
/ / I j / / ....... r-:-.... t::';=
.240 x
.j j ---r---..;. 'E
'-.: 2'
.' : : "
~~ t-...
¥ / ~K / j r--. : : en
~ -·~o~ - 70/
V '/. rr= bS'' .:r7 I / : / : i--
.220 n3
C>

L II:' ~
~o
~'?i
~'?i.&
~ \...
I I
: : ~ t--.:. 1<'0
.200 "0
/ ~71 / 7 r7 /' :-- r---. A : : ""'"
~ . CJ":J'?i ,§~
--
: C>

0/
":Jftf
500 ~ l§ Ii ~ r--. Q: - .180
~

C>
/ / / 1/:' / : ~

"~
0\0/ .' / t: '.
r;;.~ is'/'"
)' ~r/j : CIl ;
<v~
-
-~ ,~~ /
/
/
~'l
::'"bZ. /
:
1/ "".
ra · /1 ---- IN :,
: r--- P:. '.
.160 ~
'6
Z
/ :
4 / / / 1 :/ 1°; V
,
I 'E
--- ...,.
.140
,." .
::J
/ I /
---- I--.i I ~
::;
: '. i!...U .c

L 60/ / V : V

3 zL
Q)
/ 0\0 / '.
: .120 '5
/ / /.'
/- [7
/ ~ r--
....... - "0
en
/ 7 r-.. / / : V /
./
.0
.1 00
/ 1 >' /" ~y ."" : I--- r-. I. . <x:
L ./ ./
/' /
./ .. ' / :>< :'./ ~ >, I 1
L -.. .080
V V r-- K ::
---
./
L 5u/ / ';/:'" 7 1 ,,~

--
200 ./
L ./ / 1/ / V iij -,.---

--
/' /'.' .060

- --
L 7' /' /' , I-> .......
v- C '. .-;-
L- i.--"' '.
-
~ ~
,~
/ / .;...-- "'-. '. 1
f-"
00 .L
L
, '" .040

, I ~
I
.. .020
"--:-
~ .. ,
I I
- .000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

152 Psychrometric charts

W ATER- N2 le0 2 SYSTEM

50
Gas mixture : 90.0 mol % N2 and 10.0 mol % CO 2 .022

1.50 atm pressure .021

.020
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm
.019
dry gas mixture O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.018

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .017

deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
.016
~
:::l
.015 X
·E
.014 en
CO
01
.013
~
"0
: .012 01
~
.011 01
.Yo

.010 ~
30 '6
.009 ·E
:::l
.008 .s::
Q.l
"S
.007 "0
en
..c
.006 «

.005

.004

.003

.002

.001

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 153

WATER-N2 IC0 2 SYSTEM

Gas mixture: 90.0 mol % N2 and 10.0 mol % CO2

1.50 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm

dry gas mixture O.O·C, 1.00 atm

.220
To obtain true enthaJpy add enthaJpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
" :t:Fri'i:= .200 ~
-....; ~s
x::J

.180 'E
I/)
ctS
OJ

II .160 -5
--
OJ
j : ::s:
OJ
.140 ::s:
: I 1-+
~
.120 '6
V : ~I
~'f'-...- C 8<:: 'E
V t'S.
-
::J
'. .s::::
Q)
::J
1---:
-.......
I- .080
(5
I/)
.0
'. r-... '. r
<{

... r::::::::
- .060

.......

'-
.040
.....
I
--.. ""::::: 'ts..
'-- .020

.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature CC)

154 Psychrometric charts
90

WATER-N 2 /C0 2 SYSTEM

Gas mixture: 90.0 mol % N2 and 10.0 mol % CO2

2.00 atm pressure .017

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm .016

dry gas mixture O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.015

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .014

deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
.013 Q)
'-

x
~

.012 ·E
(/)
.011 Cll
OJ
~
.010 -0

--
OJ
~

.009 OJ
~

.008 ~
-0
·E
.007

-
~
..c
Q)
.006 ~
(5
(/)
..c
.005
«
10
.004

.003

.002

.001

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 155

600

WATER-N2 /C02 SYSTEM

550 80 100 110 120
Gas mixture: 90.0 mol % N2 and 10.0 mol % CO 2
7 i tf ~ r-hL -
.180
·.~...
I I'---
··

-
1-1

2.00 atm pressure

j / ·· ...
Lh II
.1 70

It !- :- ,: ./
'""- :
500
/ ~

I : "'"
/
O.O·C, 0.00603 atm
l- j I- II -
Enth aipy datum: liquid water .160

dry gas mixture O.O·C, 1.00 atm

/
'- ,:/1
1/ 'F!. -''Ie bh.-
~ ;04,
r-- bL - r-.:.. .150

H?++- I If V
450
10\
~ / l / ~ I~
:/
~ :

'"~ ~ ~ V V.J--I I/·r ;·7 :""'" ~ ~~ l-

~.;> ,
K..:§ ~
1.:
·'.Ii
r- ~ .140
N.
Toob tain true enthalpy add enthalpy ~-t: r-- • ',Y

deviation to enthalpy at saturation. ~c" 400 / I hr-_ ~

-f -
!--
.130
'()~
~ LhL / It I 17 r-::
/ r-~"
18) ~
r-

"'" - ~ i:- - i f
::J
~¢J.> J 6'$
x
-
h I-- f--,;.

--!Y"- Z I /. 7 I}~ -
.120
\...,¥ 'E

A.i / / 'II 79 J - ~ /-. r-- "~ I - r-;. t r-I~ -

350
~ ~)
--t o/ r-+. II)
. ~ ~o ,1 10 ~
~o
~..:§-'li ~'li '-.CJ\ ~ I-- C>

!2~ VI f -:-rIr-- L Q;';/ ~ - r--l4 - r--_

c,,'li 10 ....1 '-- ~
~C;J'li 300 ....., .100 "0
~u ~ /

--
C>
'b'
.~'li
-
.:::t:.

r;z::- -
I

- ~ t7 ~
q}'li '--
~~~ '- : '" / .090 C>
~?$..$J~~ /
,---.1 -:7 ;LI--N 6 '- .:::t:.
~'li
-/ / ~....
</) .
<v~ 250 :
-
0\ 0 'I: ~
.080 ~
""-- 7L-
V ?S V :' <0' .: "--I'--.
60/~ ~ hL: ~--
~
"(

-
"0

;; -
/ / ~
~ r-~
. cl-:' r-- r-- -;. 'E
'-. ::>:: '.
N-k/
~ i'l ' .070

-
::J
"---:-
/V~ .L ~ ~ I-- . - ~. :--'x r--~ I--:-- --.:
-
~
~
.J::

- -/
.'. ~

r
200 -.., ~ Q)
-,. / I

- - - / '. -
·V .060 ::J

~ 74~L~~ /' 7 '-,.. ~o /

-;; ~ - ~I "
,,~ '--- "6

- --:..~ - - - -- -
:' - I -....,."1' .
/" I
:-- -"..<: II)
.0
.050
«
/'
- -=J2
,/'
~//o<.-..,~
I I '" --
~ .zo :~ ~
L<
150 £ C\ 0[0
/'
7- -i- 7"

-...--- --- r ~ --s- r:- ---......- ~ : " - - --- -=:-- - - -

·
W~ : ....::....

--
50 '/ .::::::: 'x .-/ ............ .040
-, ./
/ 1/ , / "-- .,.0:::::::
~ 't:
? ~
"""-
?r-......." t\ora .7 ......-

- - - - ..:--- - - - -=:- - '-.: - - --

./
./~ / / ~

--
./ I .c" ~
100 .....- . / "'-- -,..:::: .030

-
:.--
4V............ ? :>"' I
...... r-- ~
--
~ ::::"..

-- - -.:.,..,- - - --
..c... :>""'-. ~
V .....- :::>-" fl 01 c:: "':-

- - "-:J - -
c::::. T. ><....:: ~
---
"<..:.--

- -
~

-
.020

-- - - - - -
--..:,. _ I

- -
........ ' e ~
-::::
i--' _
""t
~-
-- -- - "" - r- - t+; -
c.
-
t-- '.

---
~
.010

:::-- ~ . - ---. ' - - Et=

50 -->:--
I==::-
f::::.
~
~ r-- ~ ~~ --r:- -:---
---"~ ::::". v ~ t---4 t--
:--t--
~
"--';-
.. f-- -:--- r--f-- , -1
.000
' "
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

156 Psychrometric charts 70

WATER-N2 IC0 2 SYSTEM

50
Gas mixture: 90.0 mol % N2 and 10.0 mol % CO 2 .011

3.00 atm pressure

.010
Enthalpy datum : liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm
dry gas mixture O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.009
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
.008
~
::l
X
·E
.007 (J)
n3
C>
~
"0
.006 0>
.!i<:
-...
C>
.!i<:

.005 ~
'5
·E
::l
..r:::::
.004
Q)
"5
"0
(J)
.0
.003 «

.002

.001

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

 Psychrometric charts 157
60

WATER- N2 IC0 2 SYSTEM

Gas mixture: 90.0 mol % N2 and 10.0 mol % CO2

4.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm

dry gas mixture O.O·C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation. .006
~
::J
."E
E
.005 Ul
ctl
Ol
~
""C
Ol
--..
~

.004 Ol
~

>-
:t::
""C
·E

-
::J
.003 ..c.
Q)
::J
(5
Ul
.0
<t:
.002

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

158 Psychrometric charts

WATER-N2 le0 2 SYSTEM

Gasm ixture : 90.0 mol % N2 and 10.0 mol % CO2 50 .. 40 5o
.007
/ \1
, " ' ... I ••

I I \/ ;' :' i\ I
5.00 atm pressure / 1
\ / '/ 1
\ I V
I \/ / \ :' X : 1/ \ \ :
O.O°C, 0.00603 atm / /\ / Y '/ \ / \
Enthalpy datum: liquid water \' I
~e' / \ '/ 1\ I r\ :' I .006
dry gas mixture O.O°C, 1.00 atm .~-v 40
/ \ I I / :V :"\
~
'lJ.? / X I \ I, !\ \ 1/
To obtaI'n true enthalpy add enthalpy ~~(J 1/ / \ 1/ /\:' I \ / \ / :5.:
')~~ / \ ;X / ....\ / \ /' \ /:' ;!1
deviati on to enthalpy at saturation.
\.'f.:
·o~
/ V / \ / 'i /: i\ :
.005 ~
·o~ ~ / / \ / X / \ / :\ / V
~~
x
30 ::J
~-v ~.j.7f 'i V
.... ' / 1\ / X \: / \ V : \ / :'\
~? ?'li-
/ X / / :\ )\ )( \ /
"E
'li- ~v ~.j.e
~~"'i
II)

.~ e'
/ \ (\ :/ 1\ 1/ 1\ : / 1\ IY ('Ij
Ol
«.-~'(;' '\I'-~ ~<::? / 1\ / /\ / \ V \/ \' / \ / \
,e .004 ~
/ V\ V r\/ fo-.. ' /\ :'/ \ :' 1/ \ '0
20 A 1\ / X / \ ,..... r\ / \ / 1\ )( \ OJ
.!i<::
""-
/ LX 17 / Y X 1\0.,: V ." .' OJ
.!i<::
/ 1\.\./ Y / "\ V \: / \ / 'if ,: V \
/ ~ V\ / V ,I)( \ 1, / §':\ \ 10:> : \ :/
.003 ii
~
/'1 \ / l"oV / 1\ V\ /" / 1\ '/I:' \ / (f) \:' \ 17 'E
10 ./ ~ ~ ,\ V V \1/ .' 1\ V \ -~ :' / [ \ 0
(1)
r\ / f'v;i ,: £
::J

/ IV A Q/ / \ / IV V \ ~v \ o· :' \ / '\
,'x
Q)

/" V A1 >( A
~I. 1\ ~\ \ 0 :,. V\ :' \ :20
/ i--P( /'V\ / W V r\ ? \ X ~ ,: r\ \ --5": \ \ II)
,002 .c
/ Y /'\ V\ / 1 ~lo/' \ . / V'\".' ...........- \ '. \ V 'E;' -ex:
~ X I~ / \ --P\ ......... .: \ ./ .........--- \ \ ~:' ~ £,'" \
/ ~ ~ ........---\ . / . / ----\ o·'~/' \ .'L..-----\ \ A. ~ \ ,,,",~\
, 0- \:
----'
....-'(..

--
~ ~ X J-...--\' ~ K X ....). \ \ ...---:'\

---- --- -----

\ ~ , I ~

--
\ .'

--
.....-::::k1 \ --- -'\ J--\ \ ~ \~O;!!---'\ :' \ ~ iFf:' \ \ ~K \
.-::::--K ~ '\ ,..- ~~
~ :\ .-\- [\0'- i\ ~ \ )j[." \ --~ ..' 2. \ \
.001

f\"" ~ f-'\ I v-'\ ~ .\- i \ ~ \ \ \ -H- \ .:\ S \ .' \

-
~

~ -\- f.-"\ 1\ ~ ~ --'\ ~ \ 1n 0>0. e\ahie \humiQ: ~ \ ,: \ \ \ ~ \

\ ' 1. '\ \ \ 1\ ~
: ~ \ \ \ ,:-..... \ : \::: \
\ \ \ '0 \ \ IV u \ \: 0 1\ \: t\UI .\
'" .000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 159

280

W ATER-N2 /C02SYSTEM
260
90 100 110 120
Gas mixture: 90.0 mol % N2 and 10.0 mol % CO 2 80 / / \ 1 ... I N J I ' j :. '\' ,. . 1 ;-.... , . '\'; .068

5.00 atm pressure 240 'I---.. / 11\ 1/ 1/0r-- .. \ I -h(

Ifl---="'Ifo.:::'::+r-t.-++:A:\+I/f-+-+j:fr,: +-~/*--.....;.,:::-:. +. .-+~>-jL-+-+-+-+P:t-:::,+--....-....-f--\-f
f\ .064

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm / / :71\-- .I :' I / ~ !: .060
220
dry gas mixture O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.056

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .052

deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
.048 ....
Q)
::J
x
.044 'E
(/)
ctl
OJ
.040
~
"C
OJ
.036 ..:.::
--.
OJ
..:.::
.032
120 ~
'6
.028 'E
::J
..c
100 .024 ......
Q)
::J
0(/)
,020
..c
80 «
.016

60
.012

--::; K ~ .......... "'- \i"~ ~\' :> <

.008
3 .,;> I ><: -....-....>< ~><..>::....... ,..e:->......... l<.. I -.. .-. . --....-.... \~; :--- -.. .-. . --. -.. .-. . \
40 r--........ ~ ~::::- ><.. --....-.... );><-"'" ~ :->< -.. .-. . ~ ...... ~ _~< r-- '--'.,.1.\ r- -?-- -....-.... ~~ -....-.... --. --- .004
f=:==: '"'-:::,~ --, '\"i?i'....:' - ........ ,0-;:""" ----. ......... , : ~r-. ----.;...., --- 0................. :........ -r--.
r-
"<:j- - - -
r--.... t-. ~ I : r-- ........:'Ii1:e.... ................. ~ ~ N '1--... ...... ~ ............... : I r--. I ~........ 1---':'" .000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

160 Psychrometric charts
300
290
WATER-NATURAL GAS (A) SYSTEM 280
270 40 50
0.80 atm pressure I /I :' I /::-"1-/ . . .080
260
250
! II .' / / : '\:' -.:-..;, .078
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm ~ I :' :'''1 /.' . .076
240 / A --;.;... : / : : / : .074
dry natural gas O.O°C, 1.00 atm
230 / / :/ . . rK :/ :\. " .072
/ / ,'1... : / _____
: : V .' .070
220 .068
Natural gas composition: r--- \. .: / j ~
.066
CH 4 80.0 mol % ,064
,062
C 2H 6 3.0 mol % .060
C 3 Hg 0.5 mol % .058 (/)
,056 <0
C)
N2 14.0 mol % .054
.052 ~
CO 2 2.5 mol % .050 ......
::J
<0
.048 c:
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ,046 ~
'0
deviation to enthalpy at saturation. ,044 C)
.042 ..:.::
......
C')
,040 ..:.::
.038
110
.036 .?:-
100 .034 i5
.032 'E
90 ::J
.030 J::
80 .028 Ql
.026 'S
70 (5
.024 en
60 .0
.022 ~
50 .020
.018

.--
40 .016
30 .014
.012
.010
.008
.006
.004
.002
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 161

WATER-NATURAL GAS (A) SYSTEM

1.00 atm pressure
.058
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm .056
dry natural gas O.O°C, 1.00 atm .054
.052
Natural gas composition: .050
CH4 80.0 mol % .048
.046
C 2 H6 3.0 mol %
.044
C 3 Hg 0.5 mol % (/)
ca
.042
Ol
N2 14.0 mol %

-
.040 (ij
....
CO 2 2.5 mol % .038 :J
ca
.036 c
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ~
.034 -0
deviation to enthalpy at saturation. .032 Ol
~
Ol
.030 ~

.028
.026 £-0
.024 'E

-
:J
.022 ..c
Q)
.020 :J
"0
.018 (/)
.c
.016 «
.014
.012
.010
.008
10 .006
.004
o .002
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

162 Psychrometric charts

210

WATER-NATURAL GAS (A) SYSTEM

1.20 atm pressure
.048
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm
.046
dry natural gas O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.044

Natural gas composition: .042

CH 4 80.0 mol % .040

C 2 H6 3.0 mol % .038

C 3 Hg 0.5 mol % .036 (J)

ctI
OJ
N2 14.0 mol % .034
~
CO 2 2.5 mol % .032 :::J
roc
.030
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ~
.028 "0
deviation to enthalpy at saturation. OJ
.::i:.
.026 """-
OJ
.::i:.
80 .024
70 .022 ~
'5
.020 'E
:::J
..c
.018 C1l
"S
.016 "0
(J)
.0
.014
«
.012
.010
.008
10 .006
.004
o .002
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 163

WATER-NATURAL GAS (A) SYSTEM

1.50 atm pressure

.038
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm
dry natural gas O.O·C, l.00 atm .036

.034
Natural gas composition:
CH 4 80.0 mol % .032

C 2H6 3.0 mol % .030

C 3Hg 0.5 mol % (f)
.028 ro
Cl
N2 14.0 mol %
...
-
(ij
.026
CO 2 2.5 mol % ::I
ro
.024 c:
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ~
"0
deviation to enthalpy at saturation. .022

--
Cl
.::.!
Ol
.020 ~

.018 ~
'5
.016 ·E

-
::I
.c:
.014 <1l
: :I

.012
a
(f)
.c
<C
.010

.008

.006

.004
o
.002

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

164 Psychrometric charts

WATER-NATURAL GAS (A) SYSTEM

2.00 atm pressure
.029
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm .028
dry natural gas O.O·C, 1.00 atm .027
.026
Natural gas composition : .025
CH 4 80.0 mol % .024
.023
C 2H 6 3.0 mol %
.022
C 3Hg 0.5 mol % (f)
.021 <1l
Ol
N2 14.0 mol %

-
.020
~
CO 2 2.5 mol % .019 ::l
<1l
.018 c::
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ~
.017 -0
deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
.016 Cl
~
Cl
.015 ~

.014
.013
.012
->.
:0
'E

-
::l
.I::
.011
OJ
.010 : :l
0(f)
.009
.0
.008 «
.007
.006
.005
.004
o .003
.002
.001
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 sychrometric charts J 65

WATER-NATURAL GAS (A) SYSTEM

5.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water o.WC, 0.00603 atm

.011
dry natural gas o.o°C, 1.00 atm

Natural gas composition: .010

CH 4 80.0 mol %
C 2H 6 3.0 mol % .009
C3Hg 0.5 mol % en
(1j
Ol
N2 14.0 mol % .008 (ij
....
CO 2 2.5 mol % :::J
roc
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .007 ~
"0
deviation to enthalpy at saturation. Ol
.......
~
Ol
.006 ~

~
'5
.005 ·E

-
:::J
J::
<1>
.004 :::J
(5
en
.0
«
.003

.002

.001

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

166 Psychrometric charts

300

wATER-NATURAL GAS (B) SYSTEM

280
290

o. 80 atm pressure 270 .. 40 50

.080
f :/ .'7 : :1 ~ I:I :
260 .078
: / :'
/ '\ .11 I : '\ ~ : f
.076
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm 250 ~ / : A .~ .074
f .f '>-I-.. : /.: '\: I
dry natural gas O.O°C, 1.00 atm 240
.I V : -..;.:.
.072
230
L f : .:'\ ;
.070
f I 'j,\ : f .: :'-., : X ;
....... r-J :' 1 .068
Na tural gas composition : 220 ~ :\ / : : / ' \ ~: .066
f / -----.:/ '\.: :'/ :' f : ~QI<5'
~ ~~e:,'
CH4
C 2H6
85.0 mol %
8.8 mol % z,:
~\)"~ 200
210
/
/ '\ /
I
/
./ ~ .:
:/ .~
./ "-
/
:;
.: "
.: / .062
.064

~~ (;\ 190 /~ ,i; :' f /:' '\--:....... ;: :7 .060 .058

C 3Hg 4.0 mol % / /' ~ :/ / : \: :-
....:... ./ : .056 en
as

-
~~~ 180
30 L
/. ~ Y-- .: X : /!r---.. .: .054 0>
N2 0.4 mol % ~ \..~ 170 '\ / : 7- f..:.. ./ : /.: :
...
-
E---, (ij
CO 2 1.8 mol % ~~o 160 ' 0<::- / r-...J!f. r J '/ '-- .: : "- 1 / : ;
.052
.050
:::J
as
~e:,~.s 150
~
~.;§.1i \.. v' L L.·· #.: ~ : I '\ /: : r--..Y : ;
c
e:,1i ~ J .. ' ~:: 1/ .: r-x / .: /:' ~ ; .048
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
dey iation t.o enthalpy at saturation. ~~-\
~
140 ~u .;§.0
z,: ~
/ r-.../~ : x::.
~ V: ~
:-......... . j
: : '->:
; ,\ .:7
~ .044
.046 ~
'C
/ 1
/ ." 1/,,<:' .'17«0' : A, : V 0>
<v~~~ 130 .~ 0'~ f---../ .: / .. IW : .042 .::.::
--.
"'?-~ ~~ ~ ...
o V "-
/ .
V ....... ~ : ):
.040 0>
.::.::
120 .....e / / :~ ~: X ~ :A' ~')I., ;
h<:' I,\~
/ --:;s.. ~ :/ V D(" _. : -::- :~
.038
110
A. 7- t,..:/-..; ~/" K :/ --....1 /' '\:--
1--..-' : .AX; : \ ,034
.036 ~
'5
100 /' k' .V ~ /:' '\ V- I-..: V : :'\. :/ f-..::' : C? :' .032 'E
90 / ' l~~ V /" ~ A' : / ~ : V: ~ ~'! : :::J

-
20/ .v .030 J::
~k ./ ~ ~ I '\ : ~,
80
/ ' 7 - ~"I . / .,'/ ./ .x:- ~ ~ : :/ :
.028 Cll
:::J
70 r<../ /" "'ol~:> F-..... I)( ./' .............. :. / ---- :\ ~ ? '>< : : :--.
/:
.026
a
r--.... .x .024 en

-
. / V K ·· !)'/ /. ~ / : '\, ~ r-..... : ....... --- : .c
60
/' X ><-
'/ ~ V '\1:-'--....... / ' .:
/ '
~~.~
:' > : "'!>< :'\ : ,022 «
.'>< .......-- .020
._,
50 /~ / ~ / / ' : S;::? --;-:....... ....--- : ~ 110- : -:-.......: , .018
40
10........... )J-'" ;:>
/" / ...... V ....... ~
"'-->< ~ f...-'\ : ......... v r-... ;' \ ~ : r-...... : '\t-- .016
:-.....-....

-
p<-.... ~ ,~,;/o >< ::;;? c; :1 : :'\ ..- .014
~ .,;.
-' ~ '\?~
-.. . . . .,.: 1.--- :----
30
<-- ><
--
>-S:.... L-- ~

-
~
<:"----- ~ ......... ,:.-- ~ '.

:--
.012
20 ~ ~~ ><--
.-.- ">< \ ",Q 0/o- ><:: ~ . ~.- : '\ -~ : .-:;
--- ~ ..::;.~~

>< ~ .-.-
------
.010
: ><::
-
~ ;'?< ><c : ~ .-:,. ~ ", -......... " 'V:- .008

--
~~

-
~~
10
r--------~
:----......
:::> ~
-= --- '"S:>. ~ ~ --.,
.::>-<:::: ~ "
~
-=-- zU'
"- :
"':'- m..9J~\.i ~elativE 1mQ110 IV
~:
~
---....... .
--;-
1-""":"""
-..." ---"-~/ '.
'\' ~
. .......
'.
;--.....

---......:.
.............. .006
.004
....... ..... ~ ~ -.....-.... "-~ :-- ~ "V:\ '0' .. I a-..
.............. " \. ~'"
joo....
... "
~
'
r--.. '\,.o r-:-....
~ --::--I 1--.... ~,\.o, '.-:--- '.~
.002
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 167

WATER-NATURAL GAS (B) SYSTEM

1.00 atm pressure
.058
Enthalpy datum: liquid water o.o°c, 0.00603 atm .056
dry natural gas O.O°C, 1.00 atm .054
.052
Natural gas composition: .050
CH4 85.0 mol % .048
.046
C2 H6 8.8 mol %
.044
C3H8 4.0 mol % (/)
.042 CIl
Cl
N2 0.4 mol %

-
.040 (ij
....
CO 2 1.8 mol % .038 :J
CIl
.036 c
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ~
.034 "0
deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
--
Cl
.032 .::tI!
Cl
.030 .::tI!

.028
i?;-
.026 ii
.024 ·E

-
:J
.022 ..c
Q)
.020 :J
"0
.018 (/)
..0
.016 <
.014
.012
.010
.008
10 .006
.004
o .002
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

168 Psychrometric charts
220

WATER-NATURAL GAS (B) SYSTEM

1.20 atrn pressure
.048
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm
.046
dry natural gas O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.044

Natural gas composition: .042

CH4 85.0 mol % .040

C 2H 6 8.8 mol % .038

C 3 Hg 4.0 mol % .036 VI

~
C>
N2 0.4 mol % .034
(ij
.....
CO 2 1.8 mol % .032 ::J
(ij
.030 c
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ~
.028 "0
deviation to enthalpy at saturation. 0)
.026 ......
~
C>
~
.024
.022 ~
"0
.020 'E
60 ::J
.c
.018 Q)
+-'
::J
.016 (5
VI
.0
.014
«
.012
.010
,008
10 -
.006
.004
.002
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 169

WATER-NATURAL GAS (B) SYSTEM

1.50 atm pressure

.038
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm
dry natural gas O.O·C, 1.00 atm .036

.034
Natural gas composition:
CH 4 85.0 mol % .032

C 2H6 8.8 mol % .030

C3HS 4.0 mol % (f)
.028 ctl
en
N2 0.4 mol % (ij
.026 ....
CO 2 1.8 mol % :::J
roc
.024
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ~
"0
deviation to enthalpy at saturation. .022 en
.!II::

.020 ---en
.!II::

.018 £
"0
.016 'E

-
:::J
.£:
.014 (J)
:::J
(5
.012 (f)
.0
<{
.010

.008

.006

.004
o
.002

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

170 Psychrometric charts

WATER-NATURAL GAS (B) SYSTEM

2.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm .028

dry natural gas O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.026
Natural gas composition:
CH 4 85.0 mol % .024

C 2 H6 8.8 mol %
.022
C 3 Hg 4.0 mol % II)
«S
C)
N2 0.4 mol % .020 (ij
~

CO 2 1.8 mol % :::J

(;j
.018 c
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ~
"0
deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
--
C)
.016 .::::t:.
C)
.::::t:.

.014
~
'0
.012 'E
:::J
~
Q)
.010 "5
(5
II)
..c
.008 <:

.006

o
.004

.002

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

 Psychrometric charts 171

WATER-NATURAL GAS (B) SYSTEM

5.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm

.011
dry natural gas O.O·C, 1.00 atm

Natural gas composition: .010

CH4 85.0 mol %
C 2H 6 8.8 mol % .009
C3H8 4.0 mol % (/)
('(j
OJ
N2 0.4 mol % .008
...:J
-
(ij
CO 2 1.8 mol %
('(j
c
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .007 ~
"0
deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
--
OJ
.::s:.
OJ
.006 .::s:.

~
ii
.005
'E
:J

-
.s::::.
Q)
.004 :J
'0
(/)
.Q
«
.003

.002

.001

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

172 Psychrometric charts
130

WATER-MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM

0.80 atm pressure
.033
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm .032
.031
dry Martian atmosphere O.O°C, 1.00 atm 100 .030
.029
Martian atmosphere composition : .028
CO 2 93.82 mol % .027
N2 4.17 mol % .026 'Q)-
Q)
.025 ..c
Ax 1.73 mol % c.
.024 en

-
0
02 0.18 mol % .023 E
.022 « I
CO 0.10 mol % c:
.021 «I
.020 t
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy «I
.019 ::2:
deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
.018 ~
"0
.017 C)
.016
.015
--
.::.!
C)
.::.!

.014
.~
.013 "0
.012 'E

-
::J
.011 ..c
Q)
.010 ::J
.009 (5
en
.008 .0
.007
«
.006
.005
.004
.003
.002
.001
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 173

WATER-MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM

1.00 atm pressure
.027
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm .026
dry Martian atmosphere O.O·C, 1.00 atm .025
.024
Martian atmosphere composition:
.023
CO 2 93.82 mol % .022
N2 4.17 mol % .021 ~
Q>
Ar 1.73 mol % .c
.020 0..
(/)
0
02 0.18 mol % .019
E
CO 0.10 mol % .018 CO
c
.017 en
t
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .016 en
~
deviation to enthalpy at saturation. .015 ~
"0
.014 OJ
.:::,r:.
.013 ""-
OJ
.:::,r:.
.012
.011 ~
'6
.010 'E
::I
.009 .c
Q>
.008
...-
::I
0(/)
.007
.0
.006 <t:
.005
.004
.003
.002
.001
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

174 Psychrometric charts

90
WATER-MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM
1.20 atm pressure
.021
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm
.020
dry Martian atmosphere O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.019
Martian atmosphere composition: .018
CO 2 93.82 mol %
.017
N2 4.17 mol % e
Q)
.016 ..c
AI 1.73 mol % a.
(/)
.015 0
02 0.18 mol % E
Cii
CO 0.10 mol % .014
c:
«l
.013 :e
«l
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
.012
:2:
deviation to enthalpy at saturation. ~
"0
.011

--
Ol
~

.010 Ol
~

30
.009
~
'C
.008 'E
:::l
20 .007 ..c
Q)
:5
.006 "0
(/)
.0
.005 <X:
10
.004

.003

.002

o .001

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 175

80
WATER-MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM
1.50 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.00603 atm .017

dry Martian atmosphere O.O°C, 1.00 atm .016

Martian atmosphere composition: .015

CO 2 93.82 mol %
.014
N2 4.17 mol % ~
<1>
.013 .L:
Ar 1.73 mol % a.
(/)
0
02 0.18 mol % .012 E
CO 0.10 mol % "E
c
.011 ctI
t
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ctI
.010 ~
deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
~
"'0
.009 C>
..l<:

.008
---C>
..l<:

.007 .~
"'0
·E
::J
.006 .L:
<1>
S
.005 (5
(/)
.0
.004 c:x:

.003

.002

.001

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

176 Psychrometric charts 75

70
WATER-MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM
2.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm .013

dry Martian atmosphere O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.012
Martian atmosphere composition:
CO 2 93.82 mol % .011
N2 4.17 mol % ~
<1l
.c
Ar 1.73 mol % .010 a.

-
00
0
02 0.18 mol % E
CO 0.10 mol % .009 ctl
c
ctl
t
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .008 ctl
~
deviation to enthalpy at saturation.
~
"0
.007 0>
.....
.::s:.
C>
.::s:.
.006
~
ii
.005 'E
:::J
.c
<1l
.004 S
'0
00
..c
.003 <t:

.002
o
.001

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ee)

 Psychrometric charts 177

WATER-MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM

50
5.00 atm pressure .006

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.00603 atm

dry Martian atmosphere O.O·C, 1.00 atm

Martian atmosphere composition:

CO 2 93.82 mol %
N2 4.17 mol %
Ar 1.73 mol %
02 0.18 mol %
CO 0.l0 mol %

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation.

£
"0
'E

-
.002 :::I
..c
Q)
:::I
(5
en
.0
«
.001

o&m~t::±I:mEmHm~B.ooo 10 20

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

30 40 50
178 Psychrometric charts

N-PENTANE-AIR SYSTEM
a
0.8 atm pressure
900 / j ·IJ
. , .,

1
20
I--- r-11
/ --- r--
7
l!..o
..
2.400

2.300
En thalpy datum : liquid water O.O°C, 0.2413 atm ~~
1'-----, 1 /7 2.200
dry air
/ ~ i / : 1-r-- tI- 7
-
O.O°C, 1.00 atm
BOO ~

I- -.!t. / ;; / /
2.100

-
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
:1..: J hL 2.000

----
/ c/o", SPeci

--
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation
-
/
700
/ Af . . I -1-..: t--- /kId. 1.900
1.BOO
..:.'" (rr
\I ai~1
.~' 7 -.::::::: ~
~
/ /J . / / /
...
'to'§.
"I><I~ If-- <11 : J~
/ / /
1.700
I 1.600
" ....
r7 1,500 'ro
/ If rE; --/ / II /

~o
~~/ ~ /
- lL ,: f V- I"----;K- / /
~

.L
"0

'--
.0'
.:S~ 500 ~o )
1.400 C>
e;,~ .:S~
/ / V
/
17 ~

---
-.~

~ -~ /:' /
=:::::: 11 " 1.300
C>

L
~

iY~
~ Cj
~v ~.§
0
/
/ ~: V
/ V [7 ~
<v~ -.r§>
~ ~~ 0' O~ L! / / V /
/
1.200 ~
'5

---
/
~ ....0 1.100 'E
/ / r / : /
/ / :::::J

- -
~
.L 1,000 J::
/ /
/
:/
/ D- r--- I-- / /'
ell

-
.900 :::::J
./ / 7 ;!7 v : I-
7 (5
/ t">.<::>7 / / /' --. (J)

L / ""
./ / . / .'
/ / / /
,800 .c
«
ZL
../ "r ./""'
.700
2
-10./ /
~ '/"'"
./""' A"
../' / V /. ./
/

:;..- r=:::::::; fZ.: .600

7'
-
--
:
L / V / " ./" cn °l~ V ~ ..... :
~.

,., v ......

-
,500
----- -------

- - - -- -
L
--
........- ../ ~
__ I.--" ;;.<-.

-- -----
~ 01_ .........
../ ........... .......
100/..1:"
...--
-
.400
-----
.'
......... ~
...--
----
iou/,

- -- ----
1.20
----
-t:.1J............. "

- -
L. ,300
,/

---
I-""'
L
./
, r-- ~\J
,
- .200
.,L I
.. '
.'
.' ..
o .. ' .100
" ,. '
.'
"

..
, .. . , . ' .000
-30 -20 -10 o 10 20 30

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 179

N-PENTANE-AIR SYSTEM

/ - 1----
850

1.0a atm pressure

20 30
800 2.000
/ ~ -..:. 7.50

Enthalpy datum: liquid water

dry air
O.O·C, 0.2413 atm
O.O·C, 1.00 atm
750

r- -h --- If ;: I
I
1.900

1.800
H- -I-r--
700
jr- ----tf: ----
/ 1.700
/
650
Too btain true enthalpy add enthalpy
/ V :
.~ .

/ r-- ~
'l1 '
~:

?
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation I 1.600
~/--- W ' ,: /
/ / V

-/
1'-
1.500
.~, 550
/ / / --- r--i-r ---I II
~,

~'lj 0 : / 1.400
~,,"'l>~y / / 1</):/
/ I
;:,o"Z --
7.30

--
J.
!c- ' I--r----:- ....
\..'*' 1.300 'iii
/ 7 ~
l§'; ~J I f / ~
"0

Z
vi..'lj '0<::- 1.200
V
t--- / /
f1i :
/ --
C>
~
~ c.:.'lj 400
~
~..j.'lj\..0' [£:'
~ .!o::

2'
/ / 1.100 C>

~~M / /' V V // r1.." .!o::

-c.:.
~v ~..j.0 '- / ~/
<v.;,.'<- ·,OP'" iii /r--::: F ~ 1.000 ?;-
/ ) V
-
/ N V

,YZ
'?-~ ~~ / 'C
/'
- ---
300 ,0 I--- /
.900 'E
- 0/ / / ,V V
I--.
V
/
:
/ ::J
..c
.800 <1l
/- ~ / V ./ v
./ V Va
~ r---:-
"S
"0

zL
.700 (J)
/, / ' / 1/r--- ~
./ : /' ..c
/ ' V ," / «
/ I ~I;)/ / :' .600

-
./ 0 1. /' ........- / 1 V V I
/ / .~ /f/ / - - -K
~
....- .'/
/y
----
.500
-10/
~
....r ~ 7..en
---
~ ....... V
// .....---- r--
---
L -" l---"""""
....--

-
100 1,..- .400
'L" ........... I.............. I........... ..... ~n~ - ..... ~ ,. ' --------
--- ----
- ---
~
..............
L - - ....-- I.--'"' ___

- --- ."-
>< , .300
L -t:..v_ _ 1- I
'Pecif.
5~
---
::><-
---.. 4u
r---
~
I-- r--
I-- ~
~
0
,~ 'It> (f1i
ILkn ...,
YI/ .
Oon
-= .200
.-
.2'.
0

o .. ." 1

." ,
..
.. ,
.100
.. .. .. '
.. .000
-30 -20 -10 o 10 20 30

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

J80 Psychrometric charts

650
N-PENTANE- AIR SYSTEM
20 .. , 30
1.20 atm pressure .,

It
'
600 1.500

j ~ ~ l.Ja..
-
~ I-- t:--:
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.2413 atm ......... / -:-'

L
...-
1.400

- hi
550

!
/
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm ~
r-- .... /~
I
1.300

1--!-
500
:f-- r-2::: tb-- r--.
Too blain true enthalpy add enthalpy
dey!.ation to enthalpy at saturation £i ............. / / 1.200

/~ I- -I- r-- ~:::--V

450 10
...............

/
V- 1/ i: / F=: "!Yo-
.~,
1.100
o~~ 10-:

~
400 : -
~Q):
~~C; /~ ~S -.......:::... .....

l---i / / 7 -.::::7.- -
--
1.000 .itj
/
~'Z
:
C> : '
~o v,' : ~
~,'1> . O\;'- / 'C

L / V:~ t"-7 7
,900
--- ~ / :
~ ~ N
--
OJ

~~
~
A '1> -co'1~.§(U'
~v ~0
> -ff
~ . - - ~ /
~

OJ
~

-
/
.800
/- /I~V
:--.' W
/

-
~~ :f;)'1> ~1}_ ::---
~ 'It . I / >.

L V
250 6''1> Q0

- ~- ~ 0~
0/
/
/ /
-,,<-

/l / ~
/1
/
V
;><-.......:
~
'''V .700 ' 0
'E

-
::I

2~ /- r........./ -,L. ~ /: ./ £:

./r
7"
.... /
.600
><- ...... -.,. Q)

/
I
./ .2
~I/ / - 1'-::>< --..
1~
: 0
/ / /7' :--......... ./ 0.8s (/)
I
--...... , .500 .n
~ I/ /
./
/ 1 /
/---
t:--- 6 ./ <t:
L -10/
/ / I ~I --> '- /.' I /"1 1----= --.. '
/'

--...... .400
1~ ...<
./ / ~ . /.. ,
......r
:t><-
/ ~
~ ,

V ./' oOX .. .......

/'
.......1- I ~ <--I: !! ·
L ~ /' '
.300
...
- ---
- - --
..........- .?""-- .............
°/g.;':':'-- .---" ~ I I
I;:;: . . . . . . -- --- -
L .............. .........-- .........--
d'\
..---; ::5Il 'evo"

,----
50
f I.............. ...--- ..........
~
< ., btU- l~ 1
-- -
-.::v....<

-- -- -- -' --
1'1 Ilr•.
.200

-- -
L. I >< nl'\ 0 --......
L.

-
0:75

---
-l- "
L -<
..
.,'
~
'
...... ,>(i 01. .'
o _.' , .n
.. - .' .100
-,-
.' ..
-" 0

. .
'

.. --
~ ~
,,- -"
I
" " ' • I' "
.' ,., .000
o
'"

-30 -20 -10 10 20 30

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 181

N-PENTANE-AIR SYSTEM 420

20
1.50 atm pressure 400
380 .950
liquid water O.O°C, 0.2413 atm
/
Enthalpy datum:
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm
360 / / .900
340
.850
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 320
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .BOO

.750

.700
...
.650 '(ij
~
"0
.600

--
OJ
.::t:.
.550 OJ
.::t:.

.500 ~
:0
.450 'E:::J
..c:
.400 Q)

~
0
.350 (J)
.c
<t:
.300

.250

.200

.150

.100

.050
I _._

.000
-30 -20 -10 o 10 20 30

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

182 Psychrometric charts

320

N-PENTANE-AIR SYSTEM 300

2.0oatm pressure . , 20 30
280 .700
I ;' j j .) --=::: :::".
Ent halpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.2413 atm 260 r-- L / ~ j
I o " Ii---.:.. ~ !
/ "'" "'/"
.680
,660

--'" ---
n ' '
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm .640
240 10 f".-.
.( V /---= ~; / .620
I!- / / / ."'-. r---, ........ .600
Too btain true enthalpy add enthalpy 220 / ~ / V "'-~/ ,'.
.580
/ I V I':Z7' r-..! ; /"-- Ys.?

---
devl ation to enthalpy at saturation
.:(.., 200 ?-. /' / ./ ""-- / :-- ~ ~
,560
flY .540
o~ / I~ ,:-
rI- i§; ' r---. /

""
§( r-- -,L. ~r--.. V
.520
~~~ / /: ;

- -
180 .500
\.."*' / 1--~J / ~ l0: / ~~ /

---
~
.480
• 0<:"-
160 I I:' V-- ~ ~ / V ........... "h- .460
.....
'(ij
~ I :' I :'/
""
-....::
~,;§
• 0<:"- /.,.. ~/ R- )Z ~':So
.v r-- I----V
~ .440 ~
?'li- ~..;§.'l).(V' L ') r--..:- -/-- /. r'" ,: / ...........
:' .420
"C
~~

-""
140 ?'li-
/ L .: )< /;f ,7'-- b-L- ).' /
--
;- OJ
~u ~.s0

--
~~ .400 ~

/ /1-;-:... bL )< ~' ,: / '77'- ~

e. .'l).
..
§' .~ ./ OJ
.380
«".~ 120 .... / r-::-
~

"?-~ f$o~ 0/ / / ,>l b ~ / L2'" .360

,0 / Y ~b / s .' / ~ /I~ / / Z'

-
;' .340
100 ~ / ~ V ~ :-- ~ ./v r--- r--.: Y "t!'t,9 '0

-
/ ,/"--- I::x ./
.320 'E
/ / ~~~ V ~
.300 :::J
..c::
80 ~h / /" I'X ~ / ~ r-- k .280 C1>
L"" ~ / ~ ~ .'
~./ 0 .' 7 r-- ~ / .- '5
60 / ' / ' ~~~ ,7 "'-'" ~ h,'L . . . v:-.. - 7" ~ .' Ii - -
.260
.240
'0
V)

r-- -;:
-10/" / /,'7 I'-- K
- -
.0
~I.....x-- . / i"--- ~ ~ «
'---
~ .220
r----: ~ .............
-
2F-7 --, V:-:'" ;/' ~ ~V .......- .. r--- ~ '''C!o;tR
/;::-< p,., ~.. - / ~ ~.-:.: ., ~
.200

,
40
/ ~
- / i"--... ~ r.o-

- - -- -., -- -
~ ..............
.180
V ... ' X r---;:- ~ .':,..... ........--
- -.
/~'..... ~ . ,I .......- ........-- 1 - I~ ~ r-- r---
......-
--::...
.160
....... .. V /"" """ I o'!y:.v

-
20 __ v.~ .----.0 '----

-
~ ~ r---,....:

-
~ ;---
"

.140
- -
-
-2~ .J..><:: .J...7""' ------" ~
~
::ct.o of ?""" . .'::':- c-- ~
~ 10
--
~ .........

--- - - --
.120

-
v I . ':.--

-
~
~.
0 ~
~ ~ "Y iM ::::::0
«
-' -
~.:
.100

- --..
;,v--: ....
I ,~ . ~ -- ""1 :-:- r- ., ~ .............. -..... ''I!<r

-- -
~

-,.- ~ :s::
-=-- .080
1-
r----::: ~ ~- ~ .::;::; .' ~ 1 '-Zi f- "'- ,~r-:- "'"<:;::;: ~" .........

r---- -=-
.:=> 0;'

-
.. "
,.'
.060

- -
..m,

-- -
-20
I--
- ., ' ~ ." ~ ~ !fu;Q' ~
I=:::-:--

- .- -
...r>.
.040
~ =-
.-=... "'-.:
~ -....:..:..:.
~
-::,.", ~
'

.'
-
::::", '

---- ,,,.& t--- r-- ...... ~ .020

~--"
.-. - ~ .. . r-- ,. .-- .... 00'11
,
.0;1'.
I .000
-30 -20 -10 o 10 20 30

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 183

120
N-PENTANE-AIR SYSTEM
30
5.00 atm pressure .260
.250
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.2413 atm
.240
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.230

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .220

deviation to enthalpy at saturation .210
.200
.190
.1BO _
....
.170 'iii
~
.160 "C

.150 ~
.140 ~
.130 ~
'6
.120 'E

-
::::l
.110 .c
OJ
.100 ::::l
(5
.090 (f)
.0
.OBO «
.070

.060
.050
.040
.030
.020
-30
.010
.000
-30 -20 -10 o 10 20 30

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

184 Psychrometric charts

1400
N-HEXANE-AIR SYSTEM
1300
0.80 atm pressure
2.700
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.0597 atm 1200
2.600
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm 2.500
1100 ;-~ / ,' / :1 ~ .~
2.400
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
2.300
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
2.200
2.100

-
2.000
1.900 "-

1.800
'co
~
1.700 "0
OJ
1.600 ..l£
"'-
OJ
~
1.500

.700
~

-
.600
t--
--- .500

- - f1:30
r------
.400
.300
.200
.100
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ee)

 Psychrometric charts 185

1000
N- HEXANE- AIRSYS TEM
1.0o atm pressure
50 " ,
60
2.000
/ I/,'
7
:/
-::rF f::- f-f r--
~
900
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.0597 atm
;':' I I
V- I-- --..::
7.S0
1.900

-
40
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm
hi / -r-- l7-
1.800
-....::::
/
~
800
~ 7 r--
/ l :.-;-1--I----h -- --:::::::
1.700
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
/ ~ :'

-
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation / 1.600

11 hi- :---.:-. 1 r--- k

700
.~, / ~ 7.40
0 ,
flY
17r-- -..:.::
1.500
o~
d-A I / ~UC· / .~ "
~' ;' /
1.400

~o~
\...'f.'S.'f.0; 600
- / /
V
~ :~/ /
/
---.:::: [l ;~

/ ,: -- r-- ~ I--.... \Jt IZ

I /
/
1.300 .iii
~

~(".?i- . 0<::-
J
/
~ $; / Ikgd,
ail;!
~

r "/ r--::
~ ~ 1.200
""C

F;Z t::---,L: V:
/ / 1/
/

- --
0>
.!o:

L
Q~ eo
-- r-7
C::) / 0>
f§. ~u ~..§ 1.100
<v~'(;' / V .. 1/
/ /
.!o:
- &t§>?i-Qe}?i-_ 30/ / r--. 1.000 ~

Z
400 ~ ,0~
- / / V :: / /
V
71- r--L(I
.900
:0
-E
/ [7 t----:;, f(...... V/ Y --.....:: r;z: :J

30~
L /' ~ ,/y V
../
--i-.
V
/"
i"":;::><.
V
/"
V
./
.800
£.
Q)
::;
(5
.700
/ ./ / 'O~ /., /'
I
V
./
-:~ r-- V
(/)
.0
<C
./
L 20~ 1 /" ./ ./"
.600
I ./ .... () ./ ,.....- ----Ii -.-.-. I--.
/ / ./
~ I 1. 10
2~ ...-
./ ./~ ~ ./'

- --- --
_500
.------
------
/' / .....-V P ......-
----
L ~ / .............- .......
..............
-> :-- f-"' V

---
~ .n 0
L .....-:.. ...- ...- I
.400

- -- - -
...-.-"

--
10

---
--
.....-
~

---
L 1....--- L.----

- --
_. AU
-- -
.300
100
-\LL - I::::::::' ..
L n ;;v ~
.;/
::::: _200
..
-_ . .' .-
-.- .100
.. ' .-
.-
-- --
o -- --
' .. , .
.. .000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

186 Psychrometric charts

N-HEXANE-AIR SYSTEM 750

50 60
1.20 atm pressure 700 1.500

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.0597 atm 1.400

dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm
600 1.300
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
devIation to enthalpy at saturation 1.200

1.100

1.000 .....
iij
~
.900
u

--
Cl
~

Cl
~
.800
~
::c
.700 ·E

-a
:::l
.c
.600 Q)
:::l

(/)
.500 ..c
«
.400

-- -- IV.8S .300

--,.. ..
- ---.
c-
.200

.100
·OL
---
o .000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 187

N- HEXANE-AIR SYSTEM 600

1.5 a atm pressure ,.. , 60

1.200
/ / ! DC: r--
r-f t-;:-
l-- cz.
550
En thalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.0597 atm ?: ...........
/ I--......... o.~s
.r- 1.100
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm 500 f- r-.... I 7·,: r!- r-- r-L ;-.......
40
/ ~
17
s,J I r;;
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation 450
/ V
/ r; . - ~ /
......... -7"" ~fic
10'0
.........
II
1.000

.~,
'<Y ~I .I V
/ / ~ ::7'r --
49 (
.900
o.~ 400
LI 7" ~!l- I---lL ...........
~ 0. 80
-
q; :

V ,-::
'S-'f-~
\...'*' / ( - bL= t:---..L .~~:/ / r--;:-
.BOO ....
'co
~.§
~
. 0<:'- 350
·o~ / / V ~) r--............ Z- I--- /
- / ~

~
c;,'lf. ~
~.;§ 0O'
c;,'lf. \.
/ /
7-
-T- ~ ~ V ............... /
:-:'--
V"'- .700
'0
Ol
~~~
~'lf.
300 ~v
~ ~
::§0 /~ ~ L [;1' / /
~~ .1/ ......
~
Ol

7-............... o./'s......
~

«.~ .~ 0''lf. 30/ / [--;,. V

7 7
_ ~~,0_
~~ ~ .600
-
~
250
/ ) 7 / i;-v,. ,....,.,... V V : '5
'E
/ / t7 7' I-- - ~ r--K V-f- /'
2Q~
/' ::l

-
I
.500 .s=
/. ~ /' /'
.::L. /'
V ./' f--.... - t--- : V <1l
: :l

L
L - L / 'O~ ......... t;.< C?'
./ /v
/
.............. .'/ V
......... .400
(5
CI)
.0
150
20/
7:'----, ~ . / 1 1C~V
~.'

........ /' ....- V

./
r---. r-..10>0 «
L .../

----
~

/ v le,~.I. .... , v :::::::--.. v-

p
I
./
~ .,.. O I
/ L..---' V I-

,~
/

-- ---
/' ./ ./
.300
./ ~
R V V k-- I I.··· ....-

-- -
100 ./ ./ V c:; •• ' .............

-
../

~ -- ....-
.--v t--o...:.
--
10 ........... [.....--' ..-
---- K
~

-
.,.. 0/, ....- .;.--
XL .....- ........ .200

----,
<" ~

---- --
L----

-
~ .,

5 O ~ -" _ !-- .' I--- 'In 0 ~, f-';(\\l

-.:
---=
....;.
I .-
--- ..
--0-
I-- 'lJ'\0
-- I -' .100
.' ,irlit .'
--
' ,.-
.. -
A ___

o _' . ....
, ,
. --- .
, - .000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

188 Psychrometric charts

440

N- HEXANE-AIR SYSTEM 420

2.0a atm pressure

380
400

I~ ~ ---/..
I
.,
50

:,:/
_ ...
~ 1/ -- 60
,800

--- I- r--- ~
En thalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.0597 atm ~ .750

/ .F
360
~ ~i
~
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm 4{

L1'/ V ---~~ K
340 .700
320
/
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy J ,650

~ k~ II- r;~
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation r-- bL-
/ t---
.~, 300
flY / ~

/ rsK ~ L t<
~.,.
o~ 280 ,600
~~ 0 bL--r-- K i9C'/~C
I--

· o~
\....'f.'S 260
r- k- b2 ~ V. V ~~ L
r--.. I--
.~ : ~~
b/. /
I--
,550
-....
/
{~ 'Cij
240 · o~ ~~.... /
~:S ~
.0' /
r--
1)'" '7 ,500 ~
~..§
~1-7V K 7
- "7
~~ 220 ~ 1"'<1. ..........
~ ~ ::::--...
"0

~~~
~'lJ'
~v ~0
\....
~ /
i'---.. r-- r-r:r-- ~S'9'
--
Ol

-
3 0 /f ' 5 I'--... t-- ~

~~~'lJ'

- g-
200 ~ ~ .450
~ ~V ,oc::- ./ ,/
V Ol

/
.~ 0''lJ' f-- ~ ~'? ~
-/-
~

~?:Y f$'~
180 ,10 / /
~ I'--::: .400 .~

-
~

160
/
/ f>< V r-- ,so
~
-;7 r£; K :x
/
/'
~~~ /"
V .350
"0
'E
~ r- b4
:::J
IY ~ r--
~ I - - t--
~ t-- ~
-........... I \..(So2 .!:

/ / ~ ~ ~ f-- tx
140 Q)
.~:.
/' ./' 'S

-K
o.~ ~
.300
V ,,'7-'
1

20~V I::X
R r-- r-- r-- I-- '0
..........
kt()~ ~ /
120 /' en
~ ~ ./ t-- .....- ..c
-
~
./' 1.....- ,250 <C
-
./

t........... V
. / l7 K L
k K f-..-. V
k? 4
ole ...........
~f'I
I/' ~
k v .....- I- ~."1'~

Y _
/ / r--../ V ....... V ./
v

-- - --
8~ .200
"

....--
........
~k
-
./ ~ ...............

~O.// ............
~ ::::..
k..c:::::: ~
--- r:::::: f-.
t---........

--- -
l..--"

4ft
..;~ 01 ..-- -<.......:
-
~ I--

--- --
/ ~ .150

---- - 10.....
f-'
- .:> ~
p-;- .". '-" ---I.-
........,
<" -;;;...- f-. t-.......
u --::- ~ .-
........
~.

;.:.;- ~ !-- -!-- ..........

, ,' .......
~
.100
'S -p.- -............. i- -........::
~IJ
-.......::: . IV." r--...""
1:: ..
20 "- ,.' ' f-- .' .......
,050
.'
~

i
"

"p:,..., R- !";: , "

o
"
.. .. "
~
", ,,'
.:::" '
__ ··--r
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 189

190

N-HEXANE- AIR SYSTEM

60
5.00 atm pressure .300
.290
Enthalpy datum: liquid water o.o°c, 0.0597 atm .280
dry air O.O°C, 1.0 0 atm .270
.260
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .250
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .240
.230
.220
.210
.200 .....
~

.190 ~
"0
.180 C>
.170 ~
C>
~
.160
.150 ~
'6
.140 ·E
.130 ::J
.L:
.120 Q)
"S
.110 (5
II)
.100 .D
.090
«
.080
.070
.060
.050
.040
10
.030
.020
o .010
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature rC)

190 Psychrometric charts

N-HEPTANE-AIR SYSTEM 360

, ., 50 .. , ' 60
0.80 atm pressure 340 .700
.680
Enthalpy datum : liquid water O.O·C, 0.0151 atm 320 .660
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm .640
300 /I -~: / "" : I .620
.600
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 280
.580
deviation to enthalpy at saturation 260 .560
.540
.520

-....
.500
.480
b 1/ iJ.;/ :' / ~ "Oil / :
.460 '(ij
/ / -~ L .'/ / "" ."'~ I-- : .440 ~
/ / / /~ ~'--'"- V )' <"to .420
"C

--
OJ
.400 ~
OJ
.380 ~

.360

140 / /r---~ / I~ V.··· / -~ "" / : - .340

.320
~
'C
'E
:::J
.300 ..c
.280 (l)

.260 :5
(5
(/)
.240 .c
.220 ~
.200
.180
.160
.140
.120
.100
.080
- .060
- .040
- ."."\ - IV '

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 191

300
N-HEPTANE-AlR SYSTEM
60
1.00 atm pressure .540

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.0151 atm .520

dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm .500

.480
.460
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .440
.420
.400
.380
.360 .ffi
.340 ~
"0
.320
--
OJ
.!iI:::
.300 ~

.280
~
.260 '5
.240
·E
::J
..c:
.220 C1l
"5
.200 "0
(f)
.180 .0
«
.1 60
.140
.120
.100
.080
20 .060
.040
.020
o
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

192 Psychrometric charts

260
N-HEPTANE-AIR SYSTEM
1.20 atm pressure .460

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.0151 atm .440

dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm .420

.400
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .380
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.360

.340

.320
....
.300 ·cu
~
.280 '0

--
Ol
~
.260 Ol
~

-
.240
>-
100 .220 i5
'E

-
.200 :J
.c
<1>
.180 :J
(5
.160 CJ)
.0
~
.140

.120

.100

.080

.060

.040

.020
o
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric chans 193
220

N-HEPTANE- AIR SYSTEM

1.50 atm pressure
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.0151 atm .340
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.320

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .300

deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.2BO

.260

.240 ~

'n;
~
.220 '0

--
0)
~

.200 0)
~

.1BO ~
'0
.160 'E
:J
..c
Q)
.140 'S
0
en
.120 .0
<t:
.100

.OBO

.060

.040

.020
o
.000
o 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

194 Psychrometric charts

N-HEPTANE-AIR SYSTEM
60
2.00 atm pressure .260
.250
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0 .0151 atm
.240
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.230
.220
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .210
.200
.190
.1S0
.170
-·co....
~
.160 "C

--
0>
.150 ~

.140 ~
.130 .~
"C
.120 ·E
~

-
.110 ..c
50 Q)
.100 ~
(5
.090 (/)
..c
.OSO «
.070
.060
.050
.040
10
.030
.020
.010
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 195

N-HEPTANE- AIR SYSTEM

5.00 atm pressure .100

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.0151 atm .095

dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm .090

.085
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .080

.075

.070
....
.065 'iii
~
"0
.060 C>
.....C>
~

.055 ~

.050 ~
:.c
.045 'E
::J
..J::
.040 Q)
"S
.035 "0
(f)
.0

.030
«
.025

.020

.015
o .010

.005

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

196 Psychrometric charts
170

N-OCTANE-AIR SYSTEM
0.80 atm pressure .250
.240
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.0039 atm
.230
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.220

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .210

deviation to enthalpy at saturation .200
.190
.1 BO
.170 ....
'(ij
.160
~
"C
.150

--
OJ
..l<::
.140 OJ
..l<::
.130
~
.120 '0
.110
'E

-
~
.c
.100 Q)
~
.090 (5
(J)
.0
.OBO c:x:
.070
.060
20 .050
.040
.030
.020
.010
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 150 Psychrometric charts 197

140
N-O CTANE-AIR SYSTEM
130 50 60
1.00 atm pressure .200
/ \ II I t'---.: I \ /
'" 1'\ .......
.195
Ent halpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.0039 atm 120 I I IY I',( X .190
I I ·\ / ............ I \ .185
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm I I 1\ ,. r--... I .: \ / I I ............ \ .180
110 40L / V r--..: 1\ / ~ .175
Ii'--. 1/\ / 1-7( / \':;',/
.170
Too btain true enthalpy add enthalpy L f r---......; \ / \:--.... ~.
.165
devi ation to enthalpy at saturation .~,
100 /\ / / "-...... / \/ ........... V :\ .160
~ \ I / / [\';-:.... / /\ '----L : \
.155
~<A / "')ol, / .\ ~ \ / .~
,'. V .150
~'f-~ 90 / / /'- 'JZ \ V :'
\..~ /
---....;..
/ X r ~ :'
: ......,
V\ / ..............
)(--..
/
.145
.140
~~
·o~
80
/ \ V i"-.. \ / :
.135
·o~ / / --y.... \ / ~ \.: .........
~-v ~ .130
~t::;, ~.,§ 00' /\ / )'\ V 1\ r--..... / .. \ 7' .125
~\l"\ 70
'C): t::;,'C): \.. / )Z / / :'7 .......
/ \ ~ : \ / .120
§:''C): ~v ~..se / / \ 7"- / C) : y ...... -,< \ / : ............... ./
.115
~~ .~ 0''C): <........ / ~.
\ / ..............\ / )('..
\>-~ ~\l .110
60 ,e 30 / / I'-L \ ./ ~ / / \'---.... . ./ \ ..........
.105
'/ [7 ').<
X '----...... / \ .. ' ............... / \ .100
/ \ /" ...... / \ :><.... / ~ .. \ / ............. \ .095
~
'5
/ 7\ /'" r-./ \:' \ -......,...: \ V ........
50 ~ V "- 'E
/ y... V ~ / ......... Y :x .......
\ ':n
.090
.085
::J
.s::
010 V /t-- ../ ./ ~ \' i"-.. ".-
r-..... )II'
.080 $
40 /<?J~
<..... \ A ." 0\0
7
....... ><:
A ...... 6<:
''"><' \
r\ I ............... /. \ >< ............... \ 1\ ~ \ .075 -8
./ /. ............. .~ . ' / ' V '-.........\ .070
. / /~ 7 ~;.' .,> ;..
(J}
~ ..-/ "-......\. '\--, /
20 / . "><:: ~ '!()~ <....... / .' \ ><...... ' / \ ............., "\~:., , / \ ..... .......... / \ ......... .......
.065 «
.0
30 .060
/ \ ,/ < /
~ /' / ' ><..::....... V
~
7. ~ ,:/\
/ '--\.. / "
><.
............ ~ .
?"--- ....... \
.......... \ .--/
>< ............... ..\~~, ............. .055
/ ;x..; ./' / ~ T"fo --;;:x. ....... /?i --....::..
.050
20 ,.#'. "'\'- ....... ~ ............ ~ -...... .045
~ ><
./'" .><.. /" J?< ....... / .. ~ / ............ \
~ ~~.....
~~ \ >< \ ............... \ } .. ' '-......",.- .040

--
.>< V ~~ 0\.0-% :::><:: ......... ....... .\ ~
10.........-:: 1.><..., ..><... \:> <' . . . >< >- ...... 6..~ .......- ..............
~
.--- .............. \
---- .-"" .035

----
10 .............. ~ \"<i..

--
"-""'--..J ....- ~
->
r-:.:.,'\ ::::> '-..... '3~ ~ .030

-, ------
.........

--
..' ~ .......... .......
\ -..., - : ' -:.:... \ -;: ...............
0
~«:: <"" ....... .....\- ~ -::...- I-- ......... ~ ~ \
>= :..:--
--=:: :-.....
.............. --\.
~
............ . . '
.............. \ ....-
.025
.020
:::> ~ ~ . .. Y ............ r-<' ~ c--
"'<
- \--... '\-"
.....-:! r-:;:. ' ............. ~ ~. ' ............... .'
.. :-, ><c .............. .015
~ ~ t::::-- ~ ::t .x .......... ~ ~ ReWiV'e--lJ! II"" '\--.. ....... ........ \ \ ............ \ 5- -...
.010
~
... ..
0 ....... .. <:-' .......... ............... ~ .......... . . ~o ............ \~ .............. ...... ~ --\c::1 ............. ~
.' ... -....
~
'

. , .,
......... ~ ~ ," " ~ 'r-- 1\ ~...... .......... "--\.:~
.' . i"-.. \ 0 --........... \ ~ ~
.005
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

198 Psychrometric charts

N-OCTANE-AIR SYSTEM 120

60
1.20 atm pressure .170
.165
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.0039 atm .160
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm .155
.150
.145
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
90 .140
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.135
.130
.125
.120
.115 ....
.110 'co
.105 ~
"0
.100 C>

.095
......
~
C>
~
.090
.085
.080 ->.
'0
'E
.075 :::J
~
.070 Q)
.065 '5
(5
.060 (J)
30 ..0
.055 «
.050
.045
20
.040
.035
.030
.025
.020
.015
.010
.005
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature (,C)

 Psychrometric charts 199

110

N-OCTANE-AIR SYSTEM
60
1.50 atm pressure .130
.125
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.0039 atm
.120
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.115
80 .110
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .105
.100
.095
.090 ..........
'cu
~

.085
~
.080 "0

--
Ol
.075 .::s:
Ol
.070 .::s:
.065 £
"0
.060 'E
::s
.055 .c
Q)
.050 ::s
+-'

0CI)
.045
.0
.040
<t.:
20
.035
.030
.025
.020
.015
.010
.005
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

200 Psychrometric charts

N-OCTANE-AIR SYSTEM
60
2.00 atm pressure .100

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O' C, 0.0039 atm .095

dry air O.O' C, 1.00 atm .090

.085
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .080

.075

.070
-....
.065 '(ij
~
"0
.060 Cl
.::,(.
"-
.055 Cl
.::,(.

.050

.045
->-
'C
'E
~
..s:::.
.040 Q)
'5
'0
.035 (/)
.0
~
.030

.025

.020

.015

.010
o
.005

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 201

N-OCTANE-AIR SYSTEM
60
5.00 atm pressure .040

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O· C, 0 .0039 atm .038

dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm .036

.034
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .032

.030

.028

.026
-
..n;...
~
"0
.024 C>
~
.......
.022 C>
~

.020

.018
->.
'5
·E
:::::J
.s:::
.016 Q)
"5
(5
.014 (f)
.0

.012
«
.010

.008

.006

.004

.002

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

202 Psychrometric charts

500

M ETHANOL- AIR SYSTEM 4BO

460
a
0.8 atm pressure
30 40
.340
440 L I '!--- I .330
I II j:' ----;.. I
_
En thalpy datum: liquid methanol O.O·C, 0.0399 atm 420

"
.320
~ r---- ~:.: ';--/
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm 400
I '---I ; -r-;L ............
. . . 1.1n
.310
.300
3BO / / ~ : :' ! /"" .290
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 360 / lL I~ :' '-I...... Ii V .2BO
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation / ~ r--., ~ I ~a : / .270
.~,
340
/' ,......,/ I Ci :' V -r- ,..~
/
o~~ 320 / j ....... bL C: :' / / : ,;---::. J:i;; . .260
.250
')~<::t> 300 r----,. V '1k.( : / ~

'f: / / / ~ .
-.:L
~ :; /
.240
.230
O~~ / / / V:- I - - / .iii
~

20£.......... ~. ...............
~ - ~ , r.. . /G .: / r:-.. V
.220

L
~,j.1i- 260 ~o ::::--....... / / .210 ~
~1i- -S 00' / / / -.....,.
;--..., k'
/ / Y ' ..~, .200
'0
OJ
~«\\~ ~~~
~0 - / / / / /
/ -......:::... ~
-§:'1i- 220
'V
~ 0/..;:) /- 1'-...../ V :'/ .......... h.( ./ .190 OJ
.:x
.1BO
<v~ 200
~ -':(-?Y.~~~0' / /'" -....L....... / V
....... ........
V '. .170
,0 / k V :' / / K ·. ./
.160
~
'0
/ V / / /' ::--....-....., V,..:>~ . 'E
~
-...., .1 50
....., /' / [><...... /' './ ~
::J
.c

L
./ .140
/ / X /' /'
/ '.
~ '~/JecJ . ,/
.130 S
C1l

L V
,/ / ............... /' ,/ "
...... / 0(J)
10/ .120
V ,/
V ,/'" ............ ,< '/ L ' ~17~ rJ
L
.0

/ola[X... /....... /' /' ............

-..../ ,,/
rf.
......:.!'i:l!}) K .110 «
.100
L Z ,,- V /" ,,/ .......
,.-/
/ ~
1~
BOL /" /.
o.\.: ~
"..- v-.....1--../ ",-
-............... '. ...........
.090
.OBO
/ " ...--.....
,., 1()/ ,.,/ / ~ ------ ...--
......, ..,...
--- r-: .. ,' .
. ...

6~
.070

-- --
'><" 60;!3 .....-- --- ...-- :::-...., .... I.---"
..--. a ............ 1",..- ,/ ,/ ............. .....
....-
~

,..- ~ ,....- .060

r----
--
.......
",

V -...........:::
.....-- -.. ., <
---
I-:':' . 1..
...-- 4() 0/0
-- --- -- ---
.050

-
40f
j'-...... ~ -..::::

-
I--""

20
zL - .v
;-....
....... -- ,...- ~o/c
-t ..........
:--
......
.040
.030
~v .......... .020
!Y ...... ..........
a
. in 0
He""
' Vt -.... 'V, .010
.000
-10 a 10 20 30 40

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric chans 203

380
METHANOL-AIR SYSTEM

-
360
30 40
1.00 atm pressure v .260
340 / ~ / : !
Enthalpy datum: liquid methanol o.ooe, 0.0399 atm 320 II k;. /
.250

dry air o.ooe, 1.00 atm I 7r--~hL:: / /

.240
300 .230
/ / / ~/ / l'R-hZ= .220
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
280 L I 17 /j V : "K?:os .210
.200
.190
.180
~

.170 '(ij
~
.160 u
C)
.150 -...
~
C)
.140 ~

.130 ~
=0
.120 'E
:::J
.110 .s:::::
(J.l
.100 ::;
'0
.090 CJ)
.0
.080 «
.070
.060
.050
.040
.030
.020

- .010
.000
-10 o 10 20 30 40

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

204 Psychrometric charts

300
METHANOL-AIR SYSTEM
40
1.20 atm pressure .200
260
Enthalpy datum: liquid methanol O.O°C, 0 .0399 atm .190

dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm .1BO

.170
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .160

.150

.140
....
.130 '«1
~
"t:l
.120 0>
..::.::
---
0>
.110 ..::.::

>.
.100 ......
'0
.090 'E
::J
.c
.OBO <1l
'S
(5
.070 (f)
..c
.060
«
.050

.040

.030

.020

.010

.000
-10 o 10 20 30 40

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric chans 205

280

METHANOL-AIR SYSTEM
260
30 40
1.50 atm pressure .180

Enthalpy datum: liquid methanol O.O·C, 0.0399 atm .1 70

dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.1 60

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .150

deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.140

.130

.120 ....
'co
~
.110 "0
0)
.:>tt.
---
.100 .:>tt.
0>

.090 .~
"0
.080
·E

-
::I
..c
(])
.070 : :I
(5
If)
.060 .0
<{

.050

.040

20 .030

.020

o .010

.000
-10 o 10 20 30 40

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

206 Psychrometric charts

METHANOL-AIR SYSTEM
40
2.00 atm pressure .120

.115
Enthalpy datum: liquid methanol O.O·C, 0.0399 atm
.110
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.105
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .100
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.095

.090

.085

.080 -....
·ro
.075 ?:
"C

--
Cl
.070 ..:.::
Cl
.065 ..:.::
>.
.060 .-::
"C
.055 ·E

-
:::J
.050 ~
<D
.045 :::J
0
rn
.040 .0
<2:
.035

.030

.025

.020

.015
o .010

.005

.000
-10 o 10 20 30 40

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 207

90

METHANOL-AIR SYSTEM
40
5.00 atm pressure .044

Enthalpy datum: liquid methanol O.O°C, 0.0399 atm .042

dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm .040

.038
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
.036
deviation to. enthalpy at saturation
.034

.032

.030
.iii
~

.028 ~
"0
.026 en
en
.024 ~ --
~

.022 Z'
is
.020 'E

-
:J
.c
.018 <1l
:J
.016 0
(J)
10 .0
.014 «
.012

.010

.008

.006

.004
-10
.002

.000
-1 0 o 10 20 30 40

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

208 Psychrometric charts

/
ETHANOL-AIR SYSTEM
0.8 oatm pressure -:- 50 60
-......; (l.60 .600
650 / / ---~ / .580
liquid ethanol O.O·C, 0.0157 atm / / /. ~ if /

5Z
En thalpy datum: .560
dry air D.O·C, 1.00 atm / '-..... h( 1/ .:1 j 1'-........ ! ~ .540
"'-f.... :' / !:
I I ~ 1.St:- .520
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 550
/ / I 17'- j : L
-......:::..
.500
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation /' h( I L / ~ L
~ :L
.480

#~ .~ II /
40/ il ~ .460

o~
I I / :' L "'-../
/ ~~
.440
~ l-I / / /
~ /
-
,:j
,420
j :
~'t<>Z j
If-. / 1/ ..............
.....

';!' 7 / / / is'/ ....... -.......II r --- .400 '(0

'o~ ~ 1:.S.'L
.380 ~
-~·0".0~ - /'-- k / 2,:' / ~ Ii / ': -...::::::: 1J

L
~v. .360
;--....
/ r--...
--
i!f : 1/ Cl
~'li
~
~
f§ \.. / 1/ ....... .340
~

~~~'li 350 ~v~ ~-:§<0 - / / / / I--- k / ; /

: /
.320
~
Cl

~'li :;9'li ~'li / 7' / ... ,: / IJZ : /

"'-..
~
<v~ &'li Q<O .300 ~
3~ ~,,<O~ / / / ' Y/ c:: , V r.-... /

-,
.0
.280 15
'E

zL
/ / / 'W-- / / ~ ~ "'-..... ....... / "
.260 ::::l
30/ K.V / /.1;5/ / I'-.. / ,~. :
'/ ::---.. 1.J,..
.240
.s::

7-- --:::....tl( ifio,lIaV

Q)

/ / / /' r-......... .i'! '

'/
,220 '0
S
A / /' V / ~ 1.iJ , / /:-" r-.. f/ Ik,.. 7'
en
,200 .0
20~ /01J/- <- V / / ' r><: -. ~ /'
/" ~ 'YJk) 1
/'
,180
«
L . / ~ol / V "> "'-.. V /"
/'
/ ~ ,160
150L /-- K ~Ol V / V
:../1
V I "'-.....
r--... V .140
L 20/ ' / V
~K .....-
. / ; - r--.... V
I _v
----
F-,..
....- V .120
100~ ./ Y
--<0
..,......-- ---.......
v--- 1.2.<:

-- --
. / >< ....--'" ..............
-. ----
",

.-
~ ,100
.-

--
,;::.:--: I ---
- -
L ....--'" V r><
50 L
L. IV -< !-- .- --
V ...... '

---
"'-:<
"'>< , 'l,O o. .-- ----- ...->,<::..
...........
::>K I
----- ,080
,060
£ I
- I
.--:;, . =-:-:-
vJ[.
. . . .. .. _7 ".
:v .040
f 1
'
I
:--.. ~ ~

' I
, " . . ... .. ...... .020
. ... ' , ' .
I
" , " .000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 ps ychrometric ch
arts 209

500
E T H A N O L -A IR
SYSTEM 50 60

L I~f!-t-t~ \
.400
1.00 atID pressure 450
/ {{JfI 7 . - .380
Enthalpy datum:
liquid ethanol
O.O°C , 0.0157 atm
O.O°C, 1.00 atID 40 ,- -,
l I] ;~M
""-..l!/
.360
dry air /' \~ [7 :7 7
400
;/ / - .340
To obtain trUe en
thalpy add enthalp .320
deviation to' enthalp y
y at saturation
.30 0

.280

.260

.240

.220

.200 ~
"0
.180 'E
::I
.c.
.160 ~
(5
.140 (f)
- ~
.120

.100

.080

.060

_
- .040
~\
...... \ -.:r~ .020
··· ··· ··· ··. T. -
t=:= .000
o -~
40 50 60
20 30
o 10
Dry bulb tempera
ture CC)
210 Psychrometric charts

460
ETHANOL-AIR SYSTEM 440

1.2a atm pressure

50 , 60
420 ,
.360
r--:-hL-
/ / : ~ /)

Enthalpy datum: liquid ethanol O.O°C, 0.0157 atm 400 / / / .: / / :-r-f ~ .340
I'- / L : / : /
-/
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm 380 :'/
~ / / / .320
360 / / ~ -i/.... :

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy / / if..... 7 r-- I-+t- I-- .300
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation
320
340
40/
'---,
/
I
/
/:
!
" I~
I !
: /
I
.280
.~, / I I rt:- -./.. ":I.. : /
~<:\ ~ 300 / / L I : / 7-'~ I
.260
I::::",. I / / .: / "'--i
"S-'f.~ 280
/ ...
/ 1~ '--- ~ /
- "~ .9n

-"
\...~ .240
£ /
"A / Ji---:' / /
hL. -..,c
.~

'0<::- 260
::/

-
~~ '0<::- C / ~ :' I .220 -c
~

.v' L /
- /
~:;) 240 ~
/ 0-/ /
~?f Cl
~~
?f t§ \...
0
/ / / / ~V ~ hL... / .200
......
~
Cl
L 5" r--.,.
~
~~~ 220 / /; / "'- ~ 0",_ ./ ~

- IL-.
~
~v ~
<v~
«::-?f ~ ~?f / / / / ? :' V!"c /
-
200 &?f ~0 ~ . .180 .i?:'
~ / / /
1~
- ~ 0~
...:
30/ 7 Y 7
~ .'
/ /
/
~~ - .160
i5
'E
>< :/
lZ
::J
/ ~ ~ / ~ 10'1-"".

-
0 /' £.
/ / / 7 ~ .
/"" /' : " vas: .1 40
Q)

14~ /' 7 / "'-..,

7 .: /' ./ : ~ ::J
(5
/ 010 ./ ./ /' /'
/' r::: 2-.... ./ / /' (J)
.120 .0
120L /' ~ ./ ./ ./ /~ ./
" /' ~
:t\'Jll /'
/ ~,/ -
-/
",,/' V
1~
/' .100
./ .~ / ' /' / ./ ./
~
-
""
20/ Y"" /" 7' /'
/ ' 0/, /<..
vy,
/ .080
80L /" x-' :7 ---,.
---/
/
/ ~
L
- n-:.---
/

----
--
./ /....-1 "" /'
.../ "< '
60 L
...--- --- ---
/'
.060
.z.
--- ------ ...--- ---- --- "'"
-------
-- - -
...- 0
':x-
...--- ..
,n
...,..?
---- ----
....-
-
lU ......... __ ~

--
40 .-> ..;:;- .........

~ J\ - r- ~
:::::,.
--- -'00 .040

--
I ~

20 "i +- , - .
., A
Ilf .........
.020

o l:=- I
- S -. -.
- .000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 211
380

ETHANOL-AIR SYSTEM 360

60
1.50 atm pressure .280
.270
Enthalpy datum: liquid ethanol O.O'C, 0.0157 atm
.260
dry air O.O'C, 1.00 atm
.250
.240
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
.230
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.220
.210
.200
.190 ....
'Cij
.180
~
.170 "C
OJ
.160 -...
~
OJ
~
.150
.140 ~
:c
.130
'E
~
.120 .!:
Q)
.110
'5
.100 '0
til
.0
.090 «
.080
.070
.060
.050
40 ..r-__
.040
.030
.020
.010
o .000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

212 Psychrometric charts

280

ETHANOL-AIR SYSTEM
260
60
2.00 atm pressure .200
240
Enthalpy datum: liquid ethanol O.O·C, 0.0157 atm .190

dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm .180

220
.170
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation 200
.160

.150

.140
....
.(ij
.130
~
""C
.120 01
~
.110 01
..l<:

.100 ~
'5
.090 ·E
:::J
.s::
.080 Q>
"S
(5
.070 VI
.0
«
.060

.050

.040

.030

.020

.010

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric chans 213
140

ETHANOL-AIR SYSTEM
5.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid ethanol O.O°C, 0.0157 atm .075

dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.070

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation .065

.060

.055
-·ro
.....

.050 ~
"C
OJ

.045 ......
.::.!
OJ
.::.!

.040 ~
i5
50 ·E
.035 ::J
.!:
Q)
40
.030 :;
"0
C/)
..c
30 .025 «
.020

.015

.010

.005

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

214 Psychrometric charts
2BO

N-PROPANOL-AIR SYSTEM 260

60
0.80 atm pressure .240

.230
Enthalpy datum: liquid propanol O.O·C, 0.0276 atm
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm 220 .220

.210
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 200 .200
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.190

.1BO

.170
....
.160 '(ij
.150 ~
"0

--
.140 C>
~
C>
.130 ~

.120 ~
'6
.1 10 'E
:::I
.100 ..c
Q)
:;
.090 (5
(/)
.OBO .n
«
.070

.060
,050

.040

.030

.020

.010

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 240 Psychrometric charts 215

N-PROPANOL-AIR SYSTEM
50 60
1.00 atm pressure .200

Enthalpy datum: liquid propanol O.O·C, 0.0276 atm .190

dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm .1BO

1BO
.170
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .160

.150

.140
....
.1 30 'co
~
'0
.120

--
Cl
~

.110 Cl
~

.100 ~
'5
.090 'E
:::I
..c
.OBO .....:::IOJ
(5
.070 (/)
.0

.060
«
.050

.040

.030

.020

.010
o
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)

216 Psychrometric charts

200
N-PROPANOL-AIR SYSTEM
60
1.20 atm pressure .1 70
180
Enthalpy datum: liquid propanol O.O°C, 0.0276 atm .1 60
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm
160 .150

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .140

deviation to enthalpy at saturation
140 .130

.120
-
.110 'iii
'-

~
-C

--
.100 ..:.::
OJ

OJ
..:.::
.090
~
.080 -c
'E:::::J

-
..c
.070 Q)
:::::J
60 (5
.060 CJl
.c
<X:
.050
40
.040

.030

.020

.010
o
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 217

180

N-PROPANOL-AIR SYSTEM
60
1.50 atm pressure 160 .140

Enthalpy datum : liquid propanol o.o·e, 0.0276 atm .130

dry air o.o·e, 1.00 atm 140
.120
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.110

-·ro...
.100

.090
~
"0
C)
.080 .......
~
C)
~

.070 C
'i5
·E
:::J
60 .060 .c
(l)
:J
.050 "0
CJl
.0

40
<
.040

.030

.020

.010

o
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ee)

218 Psychrometric charts

140
N-PROPANOL-AIR SYSTEM
130
60
2.00 atm pressure .100
120
Enthalpy datum: liquid propanol O.O·C, 0.0276 atm .095

dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm .090

.085
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .080

.075

.070
....
.ctj
.065
~
"0
.060 0>
~

.055 ---0>
~

.050 ?:-
'5
50 .045 ·E
:::J
.L:
.040 Q)
"5
(5
.035 C/)
.0
~
.030

.025
20
.020

.015

.010

.005

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 219

N-PROPANOL-AIR SYSTEM
60
5.00 atm pressure .040

Enthalpy datum: liquid propanol O.O' C, 0.0276 atm .038

dry air O.O' C, 1.00 atm .036

.034
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .032

.030

.028
~
.(ij
.026
~
"0
.024 C>
~
.......
.022 C>
~

.020 .~
"0
.018 ·E

-
::::l
..c
.016 Q)
::::l
(5
.014 (/)
.c
<t:
.012

.010

.008

.006

.004

.002

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

220 Psychrometric charts

N-BUTANOL-AIR SYSTEM
60
0.80 atm pressure 1.100

Enthalpy datum: liquid butanol O.O·C, 0.00122 atm 1.050

dry air O.O· C, 1.00 atm 1.000

.950
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
.900
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.850

.800

.750 ~
.(ij
.700 ~
"0
.650 0)
.::.!
.......
.600 ~

.550 ~
'C
.500 ·E
:::J
..c
.450 Q.l
:5
.400 "0
(J)
..c
.350 <C

.300

20 .250

.200

.150

.100

.050
o
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 221

N-BUTANOL-AIR SYSTEM
60
1.00 atm pressure .080

Enthalpy datum: liquid butanol O.O·C, 0.00122 atm .075

dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.070
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .065

.060

.055
.....
'iii
.050 ~
-0

--
01
~
.045 01
~

.040 ~
'5
40 'E
.035

-
::J
.c
\l)
::J
.030 (5
C/)
.0
.025 «
.020

.015

.010

.005

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

 110

222 Psychrometric charts

N-BUTANOL-AlR SYSTEM
60
1.20 atm pressure .064
.062
Enthalpy datum: liquid butanol O.O°C, 0.00122 atm .060
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm .058
.056
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .054
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .052
.050
.048
.046
.044
'-
.042 'cu
.040 ~

-
-0
.038 Cl
.:::.!
.036
~

-
.034
.032 >.
.030 ii
.028
'E
:::J
..c
.026 Q)

.024 :l
(5
.022 (/)
.0
.020 «
.018
.016
.014
.012
.010
.008
.006
.004
.002
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 100 Psychrometric charts 223

N-BUTANOL-AIR SYSTEM
1.50 atm pressure
.054
Enthalpy datum: liquid butanol O.O°C, 0.00122 atm
.052
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.050
.048
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
.046
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.044
.042
.040
.038 .....
'(ij
.036
~
.034 "'C
OJ
.032 ~
OJ
.!o::
.030
.028 £'
.026 'E
"'C

.024 .E
.022 2::J
.020 "£
.c
.018 «
.016
.014
.012
.010
.008
.006
.004
.002
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)

224 Psychrometric chans

N-BUTANOL-AIR SYSTEM
2.00 atm pressure .040

Enthalpy datum: liquid butanol O.O°C, 0.00122 atm .038

dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm .036

.034
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .032

.030

.028
...
.026 '(ij
~
'0
.024 Cl
~

.022 ---
Cl
~

,020 .~
'0
.018 'E
::J
£
.016 Q)
'5
(5
.014 (/)
.c
.012
<

.010

.008

.006

.004

.002

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 225

N-BUTANOL-AIR SYSTEM
5.00 atm pressure
Enthalpy datum: liquid butanol O,O°C, 0.00122 atm 50 11\ / 1 1\ / \ II
\6~O" "i./1o;-i\5"'- +0'"- "
,-;-.---'j- -!;-o--r
.// \ /' ..-.f-..............
\ /_ : ..................

Y :'
\ ...............

X'
~60 _016

.015
dry air / 'v / I X 1\ : 1\
4 I V I X I 1\ / il .014
/ V \ II \ I .. \ I \
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
/ 1\ / 1 / \ I Y V \
deviation to enthalpy at saturation 40 I ;:, II j 1\ II \ / \ V .013
/f--tf-\\-/I'-l--4¥-\---+-j+-tr~----.l/L-+\4-:':-, j*-\\--l---!--'
jA-J:
\
j~
!\-IM--J\¥+-411++-\--111--+ 1\-++j------l,l--;/++----\.j- -hL----..It ,012
j 'X 1/ \ j
X v\ \ \ 1/
/ / \/ 11\ 1/ \ 1/ \ 1/: \ ;\
.011
...
'(ij
/ 1\1/ /\ 1/ \ 'll \11:' \ 7 \
J Rll>'\ V \V .x 11\ ;, :f;' :' \ r7 \
.010 ~
"'C
Ol
~O~ I 17 V / \ / \ / ~ .. ) .009 0,
.:::.::.

~'?f -0' / IV _('~;r \ 1/ IV I \/ ~ V 1\ 1\ .:::.::.

~~ '<I \.. / / \ ./ ); , '\ / I~ /\ ~ ," \ / \ V
20
~v ~'?f~ 3
/ IV / ,"....?'f/ / \ 1\ / \ /\ \ / \ .
.008 E
":$jv
is'?f Q'<I Y' / \ V X' i'\ v\ IA' 1\ ;v. \ \/ \ "'C
'E
~ ,'<I~ IV 1/\ V 0IY \ /
/ / \ ~ ,'. ~ \ .007 .E
/ V X / 1\ l/\ P( \ / !i\" \ / '\ 2
/ ,~ V\ V \V .;v \I/" \ /' ~ :' \ / \ ,006 ~
/ 1\ / X 1
/\ / \ / \) ~ 1\ .s '" \ / 1\
\,' .0
10
/ / \ / X /\ K" olo Y 1\ V\ ~. \~ :/ \ \ .005 «
/ /f\' /' /' .\,/ V \ V \ ~ ' 0' X' \\;,.-

~f=t~lt.=--~fi\-:::~~~~\~~h\=~~\H~lE:-r~i~~\E-~-t±\ttJ\Ot~\.f-
m\' I'
" . .' , .'
t1I Cl \ ~t-j\
\1\ I
-, mP[\tj\t:C\stiP[
\Ul \ \
. .
t±~\iI?' =t\Ij,"::J
\ : [\d=\
\ V , . '.
~ .001
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)

226 Psychrometric charts
900

ACET ONE -AIR SYSTEM

30
0.80 atm pressure
Enthalpy datum: liquid acetone O.O·C, 0.1249 atm 750
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm
700

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 650

deviation to enthalpy at saturation 1.100
1.050
1.000
.950
."-
til
.900
~
.850 "0

--
OJ
.800 ~
OJ
~
.750
.700 ~
:0
.650 'E
::::J
.600 .s::
1.4n
"/
.550
.500
Q)

-
.2
0
rJJ
.0
./
.450 <
-I--

.... ./"
"7 -====r--
V
1.30
.400
.350
v '.
..--:--
".

'"
..... . .300

-- --- -- ---- -
.250
.200

- --
.150

:::: .100
.050
.000
o 40
20 30
o 10
-10
Dry bulb temperature CC)
 psychrometric charts
227

,/
650

A C ET O N E- A lR SYSTEM
1.0oatrn pressure
30 40
1 - -; / -/
;7 7 ---- R7& .
1.000

En thalpy datum : liquid acetone O.O·C, 0.1249 atm

/ / :....'r F 1--,( 17: .950
'i::'

dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm / : -

! l i i>./ -/ . r-I-- r--J.:

,/
-1:5 : ~
.900
- 25

/ / -j.[I
.850
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy II
- \----L
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation
: -/ - : 7 .800
I- - / f7Z- ~V
~/
~
' . ' "
0(;\ t--.
.750

~~/ / / ~~ r--.L
:j
~
7rt
/

V
.700
~• 0(:-
20 /
J
7 1/ "'---...
J ~: I--. "
....
'co
~~L / 7 / N~ --
~ .650
7 t::::::-- -
~<:j ~..§#(u
'" 1/ /
1. 15 ~

.L
~ .600 "0

~
~~~ ~u ~..§0
c,~
/- f-/ ..! V
7
/ !
/ ~ ~iflPvow:'
/ r. 3 /' .550 ~
~
""-

'$)~
?s~ Q0f.,.,~ - ~t- -.J V V =~
?/
<V<:::'- /

~'t' .l ' / / / / ~
. -r ..t· 10
-/ .500
/ ..,. ,/ V
/ 'r:==--:.~
:"'- 0;:;:: ~
'0
250 / / / . .450 'E
/ / 7 7 1/ "'-
i-- -.. /
/
-
:::J
~f- -- / 1/ ~

-
/.. ./
.400
10 ./ V
Q)
20~
/
/ /'
V
1/ ~~
/"
./ ~ 0
:::J

L
./ /"
.35 0 en
/:
/ f t'. 1/
~ /
-; /' ~
r- . V V 1/
7" --
I --::,..2
/" .c
<{
159L ./ "

v .30 0
. /F = - ~ V
/' V =...
~~ / t- -
L ./
v
I ............ ../
V '.
.. '.
1.00
.250
109 L L 0 ./
./ V J5Y' ~ \< - ~ "/
\~ f: -- j/"
[..../ I ~ nO -s; -- --I .....-- v ",
..

---
y"' --. .. v :::><....t-- - .200
L ./
l.,...---"" I \..---'"" L:::>< I- -
----
--
f,O% V --------
I
----
"........ n
L
---- .....-- -.><:
-
--~ !--' " n,

---
---- ----
l.-'-
...--
~ \ '--
.J" r:=--
"<T
.150
J.--- ..... ---- --""" r:-=-...:
----
~ I
50 L.
--
- 'V~
-~

-
~ -- I-- L..- -'"
I...-- ~O"""Tc
l.- ;.- - .100
I

-
i-
~v
F:: ::
-F --
nn
-vt 7 .050
o I · UQ
\
.000
o
"
-10 10 20 30 40

Dry bulb temperature

('C )
228 Psychrometric charts
3BO

360
A CETONE-AIR SYSTEM
340 30 40
1.50 atm pressure
- I:
.560
320 / ~ V K 1/
.540
E nthalpy datum: liquid acetone O.O°C, 0.1249 atm / ,/,' ~( ;~. -~.L
:7 ~
.......::'. ,,-;
.520
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm 300 £; ~~.: / ~ ~i> I .500
2BO / ~~ :-j-.:--;. ~ 9:"1> .4BO
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy / /~ .... /~ / / ,' ~rLl'I
' ~
/
.460
de viation to enthalpy at saturation
'f..'
1l- 260 J ~ ~ :' / c : I/'---.-. "? :' c; /'
c<A / / >::~ 1/ 7f-- hiZ:: t-.. . " /
.440
.420
~~
\...'*"~
240 20/
f--. / j~.:. / ~ k{ ;:
'~ 1'--: .400
·o~ 220 / "7< ~,
~ f!.-, ,V / : ~o .
.3BO .-..
....
-§~ ·o~ / ~~ V V '-.....- tr- r-:-- .iii
e:,t§- 200
t§
;§''If
~
.0'
\... A / 1
f--

-7- / :/ ~
~.

/
.360
~
~
p:::=
~ "C
e:, 0 r-- .340
~~~ / ~ / :: V
"/ I'----. :::i>< G.R.
-
~v ~.;§
--
r- C>
l BO
. (§> ro,"lf .320 ~

<v~'(;'
/ / lL:: b< V .. ~

-
C>
~~ ~~ / -x: .300 ~
160
7~ lL :/ ........
h« : "':::
---L
- /
,0 ~

L /' "'-->< , : .2BO ~

140
/.
./ ~
,/
Y ..............
i'--..
'. -
.260
'5
'E
10~ / ./' 7?"':::::: ~ ,./ ./" '. ~ .,/
""'---..:. '
:--
'-
~

-
:l
.240 ..c

L - /
-
./
/ :V --- I'---.. V 1----' l/"--.......
/ ./ x Q)

:7 ><
.220
, 01. , /
o.\; / .JL" V / -........
./"
/' "
>< .2

~
.200 0

-
/ './
/' ..--/ ~,
/ ~. (/)
""7' '~~ V ]/" "-- "'O,R_ .0
/'
V V
-.......:
..--/ b-.-,...
;>4..
........ ../ .1BO «
>< 1 ./ ~
./
/~
"
80 ./ ;:...

"'" -
-
./
0 10
.160
o~;:...
V V 7 ~
../
L..---- ~ .. ~ ... ;:...-,..c:::. ~ .... .
k-
~
........, V .140
--- P '><

---
-
V I~ ~ '.

--- r--....
--
' "
V
----
.~

~
.120
L K L.--"
~ ....:::::- '-
t---...- ~
........
r----.. ~ .. .. .. ~. ........ U.6<
:--
-
..,...:;;;; ....

--l'-. ::-::--..... ---

40
-----
I

---
.. .. .100
E:<
- .- -
'"
..---"
~
-
'
40~ -............::
-- --
-lu I-- f--

- --
.OBO
-
F-- c.--

---
?i5. -""':::r--.. r---...: b:--
20 I -- --"
f--
1- I
:::,..
20 u/~ ............ - i.---
.060

-
, '-.. ....... --.......::: ~
.040
f:>......" nur ........ - -.

- r---
~"l"tiwe
o , ~

.020
I=:- I , ,
. ,
t-- -...:::::: ' ·V<j. ::-----.. U.SR t----...~r(1
.000
-10 o 10 20 30 40

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

 Psychrometric charts 229

ACETONE-AIR SYSTEM 260

30 40
2.00 atm pressure .400

Enthalpy datum: liquid acetone O.O°C, 0.1249 atm .380

220
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm .360

.340
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .320

.300

.2BO
-...
.260 .(ij
~
"0
.240 OJ
.....
.:>t!
OJ
.220 .:>t!

.200 ~
'6
.1BO ·e
::J
~
.160 Q.l
5
(5
.140 II)
.0
~
.120

.100

.OBO

20 .... .060

.040
o .020

.000
·10 o 10 20 30 40

Dry bulb temperature CC)

230 Psychrometric charts

ACETONE-AIR SYSTEM
30
5.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid acetone O.O°C, 0.1249 atm .150

dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm
90 .140
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .130

.120

.110
-...
'(ij
.1 00 ~
-0

--
C>
.:.t:
.090 C>
.:.t:

.080 .....
>.
'0
.070
'E:::::l
30 ..c
.....
Q)

.060 .2
0
(j)
.0
<{
.050

.040

.030
o
.020

tar .010
-10

.. .000
-10 o 10 20 30 40

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 231

ACETONE- AIR SYSTEM

50 , 6.0 7,0
1.0a atm pressure
8.000
r-- -::--r--
! I!
r-
:
Enthalpy datum: liquid acetone O.O'C, 0.1249 atm ~ . ~
7.500

-
;
dry air O.O' C, 1.00 atm
--J
: " 7.000

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

dey iation to enthalpy at saturation
/ : :-+- ~Cffic
~ j!!li~ ldry air 4 .00
.
'"
6.500

.~' / l :
:
6.000

/ It
~
0<:\ . ~o
/ -....
i--'
~~
: "-- 'l Cn
5.500
.. -
'*:;)
\..
/ / 'j 'n;

:?
--, 5.000 ~
:/ '. I'. U>~ "C
~
/ 7
;-.. OJ
~
~Cj ~ 4.500 ~

/ / -
~o '. J.UU OJ
..:.::
~«4.q,:
-
:/
/
250 ~'b' .C)\
~ \.. 4.000 >-
Cj III
/ ",
~CJ ~.;§ '0
':5)q,: t..,q,:
&-q,: ~0
) /
/ 3.500
'E

-
::J

/ / 1/ V 2.50' .c:
<:f ....1lI~ - <1>
'. · ~qn
/ / / 3.000 ::J

7/ / V '0
40/
,/
/ .....
2.500 «
en
.0

./ / V / /. I" 2.00
/ ./ ,,(\ D~ V /
/'
/" ,./ 2.000
109¥ ./ ./ "C\ °/~ V ./
V V ~ ,halbt

-
./
/ .L :::-- ./" 1.500

- -
~ !.---'" "'~/~I -10
;/' V

- ---
~----
--
~ '~
V r.ov

---
-
-----
-
:/
-----
,~n Dfe ~
1.000
!;on? , ""
'" :-- "
~ ~
;y
.500

~, B ~ ~ ~ ~ .000
40 50 60 70
20 30

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

232 Psychrometric charts

ACETONE- AIR SYSTEM 1600

50 60 70
1. 50 atm pressure 2.500
7 :1 1 I :, 7t--~
"

/ I :
2.400
En thalpy datum : liquid acetone O.O°C, 0.1249 atm
L II
I
: j i L
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm 1400
/ -j
I / / ;; / ",
2.300
2.200
f
:7 / : /
~" ~
2.100
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
de viation to enthalpy at saturation
f I-- li :/ / /
/ "
2.000
0(;\?} / / /' t - -he : ~peciflr. "n 1.900
)~O;/ J
/ 1/:' V :
/ ~ ~~ajr
1.?n ' 1.800

/ 1/
/ / -
~
\..~ : ". -:,""
/
1.700 .....
~o<::- 1000
~.:}"-/ - / / 1/ V / ' / 1.600
'(ij

,§1f;,0<>
~
~?} • c)\
/ l7 / /
i7 ~
"
..,"
~ \.. 1.500
~"'o~
t<::-1f r§- t§",<!'
/ / [7 .. V / '. V 1.400 --
~
C>

<v~ 800 .~~ ~

~~ f$'~ 40/,/"'~ /
17-
I rr-- ~ /
", /
7- 1.300
~

/ ,0 / /
7
I
17
/ v-+-
I
I-- .L
1.200 '6
~

/ / V l7 V /'
r-
/'
1.00
1.100 .~

~ / 'Yo
"
n.f;)yY / V /'
/' / ~
1.000 Q)

/' ./ /
/'
V
./
/'
/ : V / .900 (5
'5

/ '7 .,/ V V
_"v~ (/)

/"" /' / ./
.800
.0
<{
L 30/ / Y 1~ ' - -
/' / ../
V.
./V ~

---
40~ v -,;:;.:::::: .700
./'" ./'" v ......-I v
I~ _" 010 ~ I
/
./' ../
.--
------
I
.600
/' ./ ./' ~ j.....'/'
.-V v- I nRn

--- ---
/L.::u
---
......

---
" . 1::
.500
r-"'\.
--
--- -----
-----
-- - -
---
;;.-
____ J..,..-- I ..-v " : :I-!( PeViat;,

- -
I
----
/ I I--
:::::.--- ·v :.tii1h .400
I--' Al
!-- -- .. _--- .' l1rv- ai;!
200 "-
-- .. .300
I '"
"

I
.200
I

.100

'. 70
.000
20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 psychrometric charts 233

AC ET ON E-A IR SYSTEM
2.00 atm pressure
Enthalpy datum: liquid acetone O.O°C, 0.1249 atm
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation

1.000 -
.~

~
.900 -0
~
.BOO
~

/" .600

-
O.Rn
.500

.400
~

- -- --
- _ f--

o
-I--
- -I--
I

-.:= ..
~ .

• '<T
.200

.100

.000
20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature CC)

234 Psychrometric charts

360
ACETONE- AIR SYSTEM
340
0
5.00 atm pressure .4BO
320
.460
Enthalpy datum: liquid acetone O.O°C, 0.1249 atm
300 .440
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.420
2BO
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .400
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .3BO

.360

-
.340
.320 ..(ij
....

.300 ~
"0
OJ
.2BO
1BO
......
.::I:.
OJ
.260 .::I:.

160 .240 >-

.' !:
"0
.220 ·E
140

-
:J
.200 ..c
Q)

.1BO :J
(5
(/)
.160 .c
<t:
.140
.120
.100
.OBO
f--.
.-- =--±: --=1- -r--- _ - .... .-:::-- - .060

:;,. ____-+ _ -
I-- I-- ?r VIc -
40 r-- ......... .040
f- -1() ~ -Reo< hllmlditY ·.. - I ........ -r":":'---'~--I-__ (
.020
l-
_~
1 -+-1'- ()
'i-.
y .+-
I ... ...
I
I
1'"---- . 7 n - -
I ........ "~
i--
.. .000
20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 235

800
BENZENE-AIR SYSTEM
750
~ 50 ., . A-. -:-;-,.- 70
0.80 atm pressure 1.600
700 / / --:-- -I--. :/ : / '. --~
~ 1.550
Enthalpy datum: liquid benzene 25.0·C, 0.1249 atm i " /'. f
/ 17-r-;:-,L~___I-L 1.500
dry air 25 .0·C, 1.00 atm 650 1.450
f- I :/ I : 1.400
600
/ 11---,11 / : / 1.350
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
/ V / ~ 1.300
", / / ',' 0

:; ---I-:- 7
1.250
1.200
/: -----!/\ 1.150
', 1 / / ~ 1.70
1.100
/ / ....
1.050 '(ij
\'A-- / . 1.000 ~
::::-- ./ '0
.950 C>
/
1/
/ .900 C>
.850
--
.!o::

.!o::

/ /
.800 ~
'. / /'t::--- .750 :0
/ .... V 'E
.700 :::J

-
"1,{ ~~ 1.50 £
.650 Q)
/ .600 . 2
--:--.., ;;- ' ' . .~ 0
.550 .0
,/ ---- ......... .. ... V
rJl

.500 «
.450
.400
.350
'? "":- .300
... I.....? .. . :~ .... ... .... .. .. .. .. -.-.:.;

-- -
CIII"
.250

-- ':': .. .... .... ..... .. .200

. ar_·· •• • ,- ••• ---
50 .150
--
-
. _. '- .r .- - -

.100
o .050
.000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

236 Psychrometric charts

4250

BENZENE-AIR SYSTEM 4000

80 90 100
1.0o atm pressure
F ~ ~y - :,
-r;.-- . 8.000
, ., I I • • I I

3750
: '. .. r--~ ~
Enthalpy datum : liquid benzene 25.0·C, 0.1249 atm r-- ~ 7.600
/ /
7e1 :
3500 ~ ~ me (IT 3/ka d
+-
dry air 25.0·C, 1.00 atm : "
7.200
/ /
-
~.

--:- "--
~
r-- f-. - 6.800
- 17- r--
~

-
3250

J- / I :
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy r-- ~
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation --.:.:...'-- 3.50

I --
.~' 3000 '. 6.400

-
~ \-- f -
~ / / .... ',j~
. 6.000

~
:/
7
/ .- 5.600
~

-F --= 4--
.. ..~.25
-J / \ 1'-- f-

:;
/ I
'.
". '.r--
1
~o
~ \.:2500
~ I 5.200 '(ij
~

-I-
" n,

/ 1 -l
~flj ~o
• 'U
"
". '0 ~

~7 l(} ~7·6'- 4.800

"C

11 /
\....
I
l\.

--
Cl
flj Cj ~0 / / ". 2.75 .::.!
~~--\2000 ~v ~ 4.400 Cl

/ 7-
~flj 'S)flj ~flj .::.!

/ /
'" ~ ~ '"
~. .rtf Q0
'.;>,
4.000
l-
~
'f .....o
I I
. ,-,:
1750 :/ 2.50 '6
J 1 / I 3.600 'E

7 7 / :
/ / ::J
/ .s=
15 / / I., .,,,
3.200 (])
60 L 7 7 / 1
:;
125~ / --v
2.800
'0
7
en

/ 1
/
/'
/ / ./
/:;
/' I "'.uu
..c
<C
1 0 // /' I /' 7' 7' .. / 2.400

/' Y, / /' /' '. 2.000

L
/'
750 /" /' 1/ )./
/ /"
1/ .
"'-1

'Z 50 /' ./
....... 1.600

-- -
.7

-
..........- ,./ ,./' .......... I .-- ............ t .......
-J. .""': lat/on -1fl
-.

--
500 L L """"""-1 , . / I 1.200
.-
---
- - -- -
- I ,;.0 .. .'-. -..

- -
/ In
Q/c I -'." . -.. ..
.800
!.-- 30°;' ~=
250 I-- ~ ?n °
."'.,
.400
10 Ofc Raja iva hl miditJ
I .
.. I
,~

.000
40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 237

700
BENZENE-AIR SYSTEM
650 0
1.00 atm pressure 1.400
1.350
Enthalpy datum: liquid benzene 25.0°C, 0.1249 atm 600
1.300
dry air 25.0°C, 1.00 atm
1.250
550
1.200
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
1.150
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
1.100
1.050
1.000
.950 ....
.900
·co
~
.850 ""C
OJ
.800 .::s:
""-
OJ
.750 .::s:
.700 ~
>-
""C
.650 ·E
;:,
.600 .!:

11~
.550 2
.. r-::::: .2
.500 0
(/)
.0
..,/'/
.450 «
.400
[.:.:-/. r::-:-,. .,.;!!
.350
.300
.250
.200
.150
o . . .... . . . .. .. . .-........., •.... . . ro\"
.100
I =::::
.. .... ... ~ . .... .
.050
.000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

238 Psychrometric charts

BENZENE-AIR SYSTEM
200£ ' 80 . ,. 90 100
1.50 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum : liquid benzene 25.0·C, 0.1249 atm ;/~fi:1

/ 1-/f=r--:~r-+-~
1800 /
,:/ ~~A~=W:Ir=1 4. 000
/ rr--- '
1/
II .:/
_ "- / ~r--- ~,
3.~

dry air 25.0·C, 1.00 atm 1

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation

- 2.400

2.200
f
2.000
r--:=::.
')n

'.-
1.800

1.600

1.400

··.'~?11
10n _ -
7i1\ 1.200

1.000
....:--. . IrJ~
r
.-J..- ..... ':'!f

--- --
'i~l

-
.800
'. '.
..

200
-
-- I
I
- ~ e- -
- f.--- i----
-I-""

~
_

-f.---~
. /.
I

]ID" '
.600

.400

- I ic t el ~(lve
lU V
.200

, ,
f"I ~f"I I
I I I ,000
40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 239

420

BENZENE-AIR SYSTEM 400

1.5o atm pressure

3BO 50 , ., 60 , .. , 70
.BOO
/ ~/ f:--. : / :

-
.'
-j---f. :
25 .0·C, 0.1249 atm
360 / V / 1----;" / : /
En thalpy datum : liquid benzene / / ! . 7- -.;...:::::: ~ V .760
340
dry air 25.0·C, 1.00 atm L / Vi : / " 1--.- r.-,L "
.720
hL / / : / .......... . .:. / --..;

-
320 1 - .'
L 7 r.-- h( :/ V: . . . . . . .6BO
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy / "'::z / f.-- / :
"
-
300 ORr>
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation .~~' '-- / ~j / / r- r-:- "'")<
o~ 2BO / -nc ':::".. .' / / : r- .640

~~ / / 1/ .......... iL. /
rr- I-- ,-
-
.600
\...'f.~ 260 '-. / / :/ ,/ /
-r-
-
/ r-- / / P.'-;-
" ........ -/'. /

-
. 0<:- 240 .560
'0<:- ~/ / V / : / ". ""0 --.

-
~ ~
....
~v, ~ '- / / : / ~
V '(ij
~.j.'lf (v' ?- :::::::::; '-. :
~
.520
~~'lf 220 i ' .... / V .........
.... 7 --:..

-
~
A'lf ' v~'lf ~0 / r / 7" --...., / 1 / .............. '0

--
'8-~ 200 .4BO
V .... k
- -
~ ~v. ""-'" / V / ~ Cl

x..~~BO ' I;.f§> e,....'lf / /' -r:.. /. ~

-
')<. /

-
I ~S Cl
,?-lS ~~ 7 -"L.. .440
/ / / 7 / "
~

"
/'
.....0 / 7 7- -L V

~
~ V
.v .v .400 >-
r--
- -
"
/ ""-- .L /
7'"" f::-- .t:
7- -.:.:.::.. ::z r--
-
'0
/ / ./' ~ L /' " .
.360 'E
~~ "---- -L V . . . . . .I ./

~
I

-
r:.:..
~

--
V / /' ::J
30
'L' ~ ......:;7 ./ r-- V / . "
-.:::"., -:F~ ,/
~ i--
.c
.v1'0,7 .v
--
.320 Q)
/ / / ' ; - - h.L ;>< ........ V(
'/u":'

--
~ol.,. ::J
/' /' -......../ /'
./ ~ ................. '<:! t0J.1/J ./" .2BO (5
100 ./ .v / °lg. 7' ---.. ......... ,./ ... "·0
"" n. .
en
""
--- - 1- ,
.r. ........- ~
.0
/ / ./ :;--' / -.....:::: ""- ,/"" ? -......::.,r, <t:

:0
.240
B~ / ./"
,/
'7
/
"../ r" 010 /
:..:::---
./
/
>< ,./ ""--- ......... '.
......... v

--
20./" ~ ~
-
'.
.200
~ Z T
60 ~ ./
7 1 ,"" ......
..-'
:---.......... .........

--
./
...--
...---- .......... --'
...... ;.--
........- ........- I

-
~ ~ .........

~ ---
.160

- - -
........- .....-r

-
AQ °/~ :?:<...
.........
---- ---.
-
...........

- --,
~
'--. IU - .120
:-3.\L Entha
. .. . _- Ipyde
._ -- vialic
~
20 .- .,. - - ... .. ----- .:.:.:.:.:.:
. 0 ___ -

:..:!....
.- . -- - .. 0. ' · ' -
-...:..:..'
- -.~ . . . ~ -- . -. . J. __ . -.,- . . .OBO
--
.... - .. ." .. . . - -....;:: - ..............
o - . -.-- .. j ..... Onl~
__ 0-
Ive
.. , .. . -- -- I
T
-- ' 0 __ -
- .00 . _.
.• (J.~ ...
.040
........
i-- . ...
, , ' ,
I
.... , . ... '
.."V
" ,000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

240 Psychrometric charts

BENZENE-AIR SYSTEM 1300

BO 90
2.00 atm pressure
1200
Enthalpy datum: liquid benzene 25.0·C, 0.1249 atm
dry air 25.O"C, 1.00 atm
2.200

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy I ''J!' 2.100

~ .
deviation to enthalpy at saturation 2.000
jr-:;..
1.900
/
1.BOO
1.700 ....
'Ci;
1.600
~
"C
1.500 Cl
1.400 --.
~

Cl
~

1.300
>.
......
1.200 '6
1.100
'E
::J
..s::::::
1.000 Q,)
'S
,900 0(f)
..c
.BOO «
,700
I~_ 1-. __ """"""-1 , I

-
.600
I
--r ---- I -~....:::::: 1"-
.500
- I 1 -- I
..- I 1- - ' •. ut::v/. . :>-<'--. iO-Rn
.400

--
I . ...,.... I --,
I _-- .-
-- I I ~
.300

100
i_- --r-
I -- I ~
-~~"o .200
I T e .100
I 0.50
1 I .000
40 50 60 70 BO 90 100

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 241

260
BENZENE-AIR SYSTEM
70
2.00 atm pressure .500

.480
Enthalpy datum: liquid benzene 25.0°C, 0.1249 atm
.460
dry air 25.0°C, 1.00 atm
.440

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .420

deviation to enthalpy at saturation .400

.380

.360

.340 ....
'iii
.320
~
-c
.300 OJ
~
""-
.280 OJ
~

. .260
100
~
.240 '6
.220
'E::J
..c
.200 Q)

.180
:20
rfJ
.c
. . 160 ~

.140

.120

,100
20

,060
o
.040

,020
2,Q ...... .
,000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

242 Psychrometric charts

BENZENE-AIR SYSTEM
100
5.00 atm pressure .680

Enthalpy datum : liquid benzene 25.0·C, 0.1249 atm .640

dry air 25.0·C, 1.00 atm
.600

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

.560
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.520

.480
~
.(ij
.440
~
"0

--
.400 ~
01
01
~
.360
Z.
.320 '0
·E
::J
..c
.280 Q)
"5
.240 0(/)
.0
<t
.200

.160

.120
60
I
.080
40
.040
20
..
.000
40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 130 Psychrometric charts 243

120
BENZENE-AIR SYSTEM
70
5.00 atm pressure .200

Enthalpy datum: liquid benzene 25.0·C, 0.1249 atm .190

dry air 25.0·C, 1.00 atm .180

.170
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .160

.150

.140
.....
.130 ·CO
~
"0
.120 OJ
~
.110 OJ
..l<::
40
.100 ~
'5
.090 ·E
=s
.J::.
20 .080 Q)
......
:::J

.070
a00
..c
«
.060

.050

.040

.030
-10
.020

.010

.000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

244 Psychrometric charts

170
TOLUENE-AIR SYSTEM
0.80 atm pressure
.270
Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.OT, 0.00893 atm
.260
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.250

130 .240
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
. .230
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.220
.210
:
.200
.190 '-
.iij
.180
~
.170 ""0
Ol
.160 .?!:
Ol
.150 x

.140 ~
'6
.130 ·E
:::J
.120 .J::
Q.l
.110
:5
.100 (5
en
..c
.090 «
.080
.070
.060
.050
.040
10 .030
.020
.010
.000
o 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 245

TOLUENE- AIR SYSTEM 900L

7~ 80 90
0.80 atm pressure 850 1.600
1.550
Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O°C, 0.00893 atm 800 / I1----!-..
. j :' ;' /.' / jJ- 1.500
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm 1.450
750 / y :' / :-H'-"'--i-! : / 1.400
700
/ ./ .: / 1/ /.: --- --..- -¥- : 1.350
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation 1,300
1.250
1.200
1.150
1.100
.....
1.050 '(ij
1.000 ~
'0
,950 OJ
.::s:.
-..
.900 OJ
.::s:.

-
.850
.800 >.
.750 '6
.700
'E::J
..c
.650 Q)

.600 .20
.550 (/)
.0
.500 <
.450

-
.400
--- !..---""'"
-- .350

--
-.::::: I .300
I

'----
_ 1, .- . .
-..: .250
I

-
= I I -.. - I
.200
.150
1
I
.. .100
'"
"
.. I
'" . .. ..
.000
60 70 80 90

Dry bulb temperature CC)

246 Psychrometric charts

TOLUENE-AIR SYSTEM
50
1.00 atm pressure .220

Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene U.O°C, 0.00893 atm . .210

120
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm .200
110 .190
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
.1BO
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.170

.160

.150 ....
'(ij
.140
~
'0
. .130 Cl
-...
~

Cl
.120 ~

.110 ~
"C
.100 'E
::l
.r::.
.090
.....
Q)
::l
.OBO (5
UJ
.0
.070 <C

.060

.050

.040

10 .030

.020

.010

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 247

TOLUENE-AIR SYSTEM 700

70 80
1.00 atm pressure 650
1.150
Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O°C, 0.00893 atm
600 1.100
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm
1.050
550
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 1.000
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.950

.900

.850
-
.800 '(5~

.750 ~
"0

--
C>
.700 .:.::
C>
.650 .:.::

.600 ;::.
'5
.550 'E::J
.500 ..c
Q)

.450 ::;
"0
(/)
.400 .0
<{
.350

.300
.1n
--::::: .250
.200
--....: ' .''''Cit; lin I
.150
<;...

.100

50
, I
-- I :
.050

"

30 40 50 60 70 80

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

248 Psychrometric charts

TOLUENE-AIR SYSTEM
120
1.20 atm pressure
Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O·C, 0.00893 atm
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation

- .130

.120 "-
'co
~
.110 "0
OJ
......
~

. 100 ~
OJ

.090 Z.
'5
.080 'E
::J
..c
Q)
.070 "5
0(f)
.060 .0
~

.050
20

.040

10 .030

.020

.010
o
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 249

600
TOLUENE-AIR SYSTEM
Q 90
l. 20 atm pressure
V 11::--)
' 1.000

I I
,

550 " -.;:,

O.O°C, 0.00893 atm

70/ . ,,:~
En thaJpy datum: liquid toluene
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm 500 / -~
R1-- ~ / .
Vi
'
:rj
''
.950

1/ 1/: ~. :y'-.... V ri-- ~ ~

.900

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

de viation to enthalpy at saturation
~
.~,
450

/
I
'---

.....~:
r-=:::~ ~ ~
// 7 i"--

/a
~
c· - hi *,:'17 V
;. /
b---.
~
.850

.800

- v~:
. ~/
~,
r;.
o~ ,

L.
,
"
.750
~~ 400 V' V 7""-
h : .............
\...'f:-':)

/ / / r-:-
f--
V- ~ 2:S
/ ~'$.' r--
7"
.700
-
-4.-
' 0<::- ....
/
-
~ :' / ?-,'
.~,:::,....'lj '0<::- ~
.650 '(is
6 0 / ')N tT-
350
e:,'lj ~..:§'lj ,,-0'
~
k- r-·,l"~ K -:- r---.
~ ~

- Vr+-lL:
t:::.
/ ~
~ e:,'lj =::::::::. - ....
.600
'0

~~'\ ,pc, 7 ~...........

[;Lr-- V' --
~ Cl
~..:§(Q ~ ·00 .:>t!

-
<v~,<::-'lj / / :

-
300 .~ t;}'lj ..... .550 Cl
r--
~ /' 'f-..... =2
.:>t!
~~ ~~
,0 ./ /
~~
/ ~
~,
'7 ~
--..V .: V I 7 '--
.500 .~
/ ,/
/'
/
~'
~
-- h..
'0
250 / >?: ./ ;'"
~ /' 'E
r--.....
v
*V -
.450
r-- Ii7.£::
-
..........
L / / "'-- ,;
./l// r-- ~V
~ ::::I
.r::.
-
/' -;7 ~ I-. : .400 Q)

-- l:21
:S- / /V
:
2~
50 ,/
/"
...... ~ /
~ ::::I
/" ~ (5

- : .350 (/)
./
-~ ,;.:./ / j/' -......::::::: /
L
.0
.// /" / / .......... y /. <t:

0
01. / I
.300
/ /'" /
l\l";-:
. ....><...1.........
/ :' ~ ,....---- ~
15 /'" / .....--
/
../" "' 0/0
/"" .....-- ../"" :
....- --.......
2<
...---
,250
><::
£- ....-r
40,......, .....-- ? :'"

--
/ ...---r -.........::

-- - --
.......-1 ,.:--
--I """"'::"
/,....---- / 50 ......... ...c:
.200
.. ,:---

-
oo~ .....- __ -.......-.. 1..-- :
--- - ----
-
0/0 -.......; ,..,.-- ~

- ----
,n
.. :.:--
----
~
1---- .150
" .:IV
,,-< -
----
I ...- ...- -+- ,,(fo - I : I i
:::-:-.....
--
Sn.a...
- ',."
I
~
0 7<
....... : I
'O/IJ.
~
.100
....... -.....: ..........
, I I (fro
.050
50
, , I air
,
o.
r--..
" -, '" " .000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dry bulb temperature CC)

250 Psychrometric charts

110
TOLUENE- AIR SYSTEM
50
1.50 atm pressure .150

Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O·C, 0.00893 atm

.140
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.130
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .120

.110

.100 .....
~

~
"0
.090

--
Cl
.lie::

~
.080
~
40 '6
.070 ·E
:::J
.c
30 .060 Q)

:20
VI
.050 .0
ex:
.040

10 .030

.020

.010

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 251

TOLUENE-AIR SYSTEM
80 90
1.50 atm pressure .800

Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O°C, 0.00893 atm .750

dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.700
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .650

.600

.550 .-..
.....
'iij
.500 ~
"0
Cl
~~~--~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~~---+--~ .450 ~

~+-~~-t~~~~~~~~-~~~L+~~~~~--~~+-~~-+ .400 .~
"0

.350
'E:::J
..r:::::
.&
.300 -§
rJ)
.c
.250 «
.200
100 y - - -_

.150

50 i I .050
o
.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dry bulb temperature CC)

252 Psychrometric charts
90

TOLUENE-AIR SYSTEM
2.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O°C, 0.00893 atm .095

dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm .090

.085
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .080

.075

.070

.065
-'co
"-

~
-0
.060 0>
~
.055 0>
..lC

.050 ~
'5
.045 'E

-
::J
.c
.040 <1l
::J
(5
.035 (J)
.0
«
.030
10
.025

.020

.015

.010
o
.005

,000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 253
400

TOLUENE-AIR SYSTEM
90
2.00 atm pressure .600

Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene o.o°c, 0.00893 atm .560

dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.520
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 300
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .480

.440

.400 .....
·ro
~
"C
.360 C>
~
.......
C>
~

-
.320
>.
.280 '6
160 ·E
:::J
.c
.240 Q>
"S
(5
VI
.200 .0
~

.160

.120

60 .080

.040
40

.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dry bulb temperature CC)

254 Psychrometric charts 70

TOLUENE-AIR SYSTEM
50
5.00 atm pressure .050
.048
Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O°C, 0.00893 atm
.046
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm
~ .044

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .042

deviation to enthalpy at saturation .040
. .038
.036
.034 ...
.ti;
.032
~
"0
.030 en
.028 --
.:.t:.
OJ
.:.t:.
.026
~
.024 '6
.022
'E

-
:::l
.J::.
.020 <lJ
:::l
.018 (5
en
..c
.016 «
. .014
.012
.010
.008
.006
.004
.002
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 255

200
TOLUENE-AIR SYSTEM
5.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene o.ooe, 0.00893 atm .230

dry air o.ooe, 1.00 atm .220

.210
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .200
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.190

.180

.170
.160 -...
'(ij
.150 ~
-c

100
.140
.130 -
~

~
Cl

Cl

.120 ~
90 '6
.110 'E
::J
.100 J::
80 <1l
.090 "S
"0
70 en
.080 ..c
<C
.070

.060
50
.050
.040
40 .030

.020

30 .010

.000
30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dry bulb temperature CC)

256 Psychrometric charts

CARBON TETRA CHLORIDE-AIR SYSTEM

60
0.80 atm pressure 3.400
- :--........ 3.300
Enthalpy datum: liquid CCl 4 O.O·C, 0.00122 atm 800 / f.---. /-_...L : 7 3.200
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm 750 3.100
3.000
700 2.900
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 2.800
deviation to enthalpy at saturation 2.700
2.600
2.500

/
7
2.400
2.300
2.200
-....
'(0
/ 7 ~
2.100 "0
2.000 OJ
.::s:.
- 1.900
1.800
.......
OJ
.::s:.

1.700 ."0
£
1.600
1.500
'E
:::J
/ 1.400
.c
./ Q)
1.300 "5
(5
1.200 (/)
.D
1.100 <X:
.../ ~

--
1.000
...-/ .900

-
:7
~ I
--- .800

- - , .700
=:::::::: .600
------ .500

.' . '
c- -'::: I - I
I
I
.400
.300
.4·r
. '
. . . ... " "" ... .. ~ . . ... .
.200
.100
•• ~ • • I •• • ••

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 257

CARBON TETRA CHLORIDE-AIR SYSTEM

650
50 60
1.00 atm pressure 2.500

600
t-lI I ' ..<" 2.400
Enthalpy datum : liquid CC1 4 O.O"C, 0.00122 atm
2.300
dry air O.O"C, 1.00 atm
550 2.200

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 2.100

deviation to enthalpy at saturation 2.000
1.900
1.BOO
1.700 ....
'(13
1.600
~
'0
1.500 0>
.:.::
1.400 --..
~
1.300
1.200 '5
z..
1. 100
'E
:::J
.c.
1.000 2
.2
.900 0
(J)
..c
.BOO «
.700
.600
.500
.400
.300
.200
.100

30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

258 Psychrometric charts

CARBON TETRA CHL ORIDE-AIR SYS T E M 550

. , ~ 60

II :,' j
1.20 atm pressure 2.000

Enth aJpy datum : liquid CC1 4 O.O°C, 0.00122 atm

500
j 1/'~cf- r-- 1.900

/ I--
-.......... ·us
~ ~ -.:j

-V
/ K
r
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm / 1.800
I; l-
450
40/ I '-....... r-I
f- ~ r-- -L
1.700
I'-----
hZ
Too btain true enthalpy add enthalpy r.......

devi ation to enthalpy at saturation 400 / 1.600

/' Y- V/ =-.Llr~
h'-
~

1Y
.~,
.
/ / 7'--
......... 1.500
/ T
/
c<A
/ ~17-~ / /
-+..../ / r71
~~ 350 r- 1.400

~o(:-
\.'+-'.)
i f-- bL- ' r/ i'fe Vo;.
............ 'f'I'IS./f.. . <1
/ - I -
1.300 '(0
...
""-
L1
/ . /tr!} 0,

rY - -
~
~v",,'?f. 300 ~
' 0(:-
~~ 19 -........
v." . ~

I 7'z
/ "0
";)'?~.;§-'?f.
";)'?f.

-
'(0' 1.200
/ /~ /
--
I
Ol
~ f. _ .::i!
z,:~~~ ~v ~.;§-0 ............. /
::----:---.... 1.100 Ol

/ V
.::i!
«?"S' 250 &~ ~l'?f.- / /
30/ / T ,
/ / "S z 7 ( -'
/
~ ,0<!: 1.000 ~

L /'
/ /'
!>~ /'
'5
'E
1/
-...,..: .900
/ / :-.:. I / ,
~ h<.
V ·,
-
:::I
2~ / V-....... ?' >tT ~

L
.800 Q)

/'
/
/"
~ /' /'/.... /"
/'
,;>< :::::::....- V .... /'[
./ :::I
(5

~ . / 1/ L .700 (/)

2 0 / 1/
./
/"
~
.~
::::><1 7
0)0 / '
....
,/
././ -..............
~ ;;/" - .0
«
.·r:::;7 ,600
L ""'<1 ./
/ / 1/ ..........-: rl'\°/d/
I ~
<" =-- V
, ,,,,..¢:1
/.'
"...
-..........::::
.............
I
............... ;;:.
.....-

10~
../
./ ./' .............. .500
/ ' AI .. ,
~/ 1/
>< :--.........
--- ...............
,/ ~

...,., ,...- I
---r---.:::: --
2
,/"
.....- ../
I

-
!51J. '
----
~ .....--- .-.r -..,. .
...-:-: ..
.400

-- --
1u ,........--. /...---"" ____ :--- -........
~ ....- 1. . . . . ><
~
--t
'

.....---
- - --- ----- -..;::::::: ..
Y ___ AI'\ o~
.-.-
~

-
....< 1
.....-:-:
,300

-
.-
50 L
---
1---
--- .. :::::1 I
.-
L. 30 ------..:
'
><:

-
.L.
~
u I.--- • "'.- .-
'
1-
I -..:::
..
1 .. - .7<-
.. -- -.......
t---
[ 'JR"
.200

--
I
e
~

·-1" ....... ~

.100
.-"
.. - .......
.. .--"
, .. -"
.. , ..
I
. . , . . ' I' ,000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 259

400
CARBON TETRA CHLORIDE-AIR SYSTEM
1.50 atm pressure
38~. 50 60
..... 1.400
360 / ;-"-~ 7 /
Enthalpy datum: liquid CCl 4 O.O°C, 0.00122 atm
340
/ .. / K V-r-bL- :' I 1.300
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm 40~./ I :"/.. /
320 /
1.200
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 300
deviation to enthalpy at saturation / 1 :tf--I-+-I- .:j / . . "K In
1.100
~I K
280
I V ./ F=7f--t- : /
1.000
--.
....
'(ij
.900
~
"C

.800 ~
~

.700 ~
160 '5
'E

-
:::J
140 .600 .s:::::

-
<l>
:::J
.500 '0
en
.0
V <t:
.400

- .300

.200

-
20 te=- .' .'
I
...:...,:.:
-
.. j "
l- , .....
.'
I--
-
. '
I
j-. ....
0 , ... - .. -- t- .l .000
0 10 20 30 50 60

Dry bulb temperature rC)

260 Psychrometric charts

300
CARBON TETRA CHLORIDE-AIR SYSTEM
60
2.00 atm pressure 1.000

Enthalpy datum: liquid CCl4 O.O°C, 0.00122 atm .950

dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm .900

.850
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .800

.750

.700
....
.650 ·CO
C"-
""0
.600 0>
......
~

.550 ~

.500 ~
'6
.450 ·E
::J
.c
.400 Q)
:3
""6
.350 (J)
..c
.300
«
.250

.200

.150

20 .100

.050
o
.000
o 10 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 261
150

CARBON TETRA CHLORIDE-AIR SYSTEM

60
5.00 atm pressure .400

Enthalpy datum: liquid CCl 4 O.O· C, 0.00122 atm .3BO

dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm .360

.340
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .320

.300

.2BO
-.....
.260 '(ij
~
"0
.240 0)
-...
..l<:
0)
.220 ..l<:

.200

.1BO
->-
15
'E

-
:J
.s::::.
.160 OJ
:J
(5
.140 en
.0
-ex:
.120

2C .100

.OBO

.060

.040

o J .020

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

262 Psychrometric charts

DIETHYL ETHER-AIR SYSTEM 550

10 20
0.80 atm pressure 1.400
500 / . . If-.;' / .. I( /: 1.350
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.2451 atm
1.300
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm 450 1.250
1.200
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
400 1.150
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
1.100
1.050

-
1.000
.950 ....
'Cij
.900
~
.850 -0

--
Ol
.800 ~

Ol
~
.750
.700 ~
:c
.650
'E
:::I
.600 .c
.550 <1l
-S
.500 "0
(/)
.c
.450 «
.400
.350
.300

---
;'1--
.250
.200
.1 50
.1 00
.' . '

.000
-40 -30 -20 -10 o 10 20

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 263

400
DIETHYL ETHER- AIR SYSTEM
380
10 20
1.0a atm pressure , .

k itI
1.000
360 ~ II I
O.O· C, 0.2451 atm
~ J~ ./
r--
~ ~ LL
En thalpy datum: liquid water .950
fJ 7
340
dry air O.O· C, 1.00 atm 320 .900
0/
J! 1!1- r-....
1/ I:' 0 ~"'0~

I,:
300 '--- ,850
To obtain true enthalpy add enthal py
dey iation to e nthalpy at saturation 280 / ./ V::- rf ~ bt.
L2lz I :' I / 7"7
i--.
.800
7-;- ~

~
:
260 / ......... :
flY. ~'
I I / :-...... 7:- l- -i- f ~ los :
"k-. . :....... .750

r
~

-
~(:\ 240

1-~ L / ."" y r.........

-...:::: : .700
-:--
-+--s.-+-O; 220 ./ j -!- ::

/ r hi II I ~ '--I1~
"-

'O<:'-) L
\.: ~
.650 '(0
/'/1 :
~

- r-::-
:
,§~ ~ .600
"0

/ J. / ~"". 1/?2S ~ I /: :'-

<"o~ 180 ~ .............. OJ
/
~
: I"---......... 1·/)0 """-
~ "-"l

W. . K.
~ OJ

LZ
.550
Ii :
L
~O /
fi;.~~
.0' 1/ / 1/ ~
..............
~
160
~'lf /~ . ~ r-- I - -
~ t§ \.: ,500
<v~ 140 0 Cj -10/ / .. , /-- M( / ;$ L .........
Z / / ~
'6

><.... . P. -
_ ~
~v ~'lf~ 7i .iii / /
.450 'E::J
....
&'If
V.' / /
120 ~0 _
~' .
V :"
- ~ ....0~ /-:-'-. V ~
.: / :
""-R... ;' .o~ ..c

-
/'
.400
10~ ~'o 0 k
Q)
-........ ~
/ / ~ £ ~/
~ ,~/ :
-;:, . :20

~
.350
.5 / .'
(/)
/ 0\0/
./
/
/
1/ -~
z......... / j' ./ t>< 7-
../" .0
<{

-
.............. /
.300
<"~ ole/
/' V ../" : /
I

~ -20 'J><V ' ? 0 ~f~j:>< .-/

K
v y·· V I..?:?; ...
n -
. -..... /
....... .250

~ / V
~ / : ~u
/ . "./
- ':"""'/' "'V -..... "'"'-::

- -
. / ../ / .' -........

- - ---
...< V .' ....-r ..---- .... . ~ .200
..-:f."'""" 'f;,..
~
--
<> /
~JJec
.;>.< -........
./ ./ f-X". .'
..-
..J,./ .' :.:.-- An -''I ~ .... , ~ -.........::.: 1ft,,..
.1 50
oL
-- -- .><=
-;;lU_
.. ~
..- >
-h
..y ,noil,
Y- .......
' '

--
..- ..- <
--
.. "'" r::t, YqirJ
.......
I-
.........
~,
'
,100
L ,n
+- ......, '2C -If' .. :---:.::: 'JlS

-
-20 L .' .... -:::,
.. .. .. '
. "
. .
.. .' .. ' ~ .
.' """'" .050
'

.. '
.. ., '
.. .' o·
.' o·
"

, ....
..
'
i- '

-40 .. .. V.R" .'

,00

.. ' .-.- '

.. -- .,'
"
.'
,.'

.000
-40 -30 -20 -10 o 10 20

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

264 Psychrometric charts

DIETHYL ETHER-AIR SYSTEM

10 20
1.20 atm pressure .BOO

Enthalpy datum : liquid water O.O·C, 0.2451 atm .750

dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.700
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .650

.600

.550 .-..
'-
'Ci;
.500 ~
-0
~
.450 ---.
~

.400 .~
-0
'E
.350 ::::l
..c::
Q)
!5
.300 (5
(J)
..c
.250 <C

.200
. ··' 1

.150

.100

.. '
ml
e I. ... . .050
. " .. ... I 1
I. · ··
.000
-40 -30 -20 -10 o 10 20

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 265

DIETHYL ETHER-AIR SYSTEM

20
1.50 atm pressure .600
.580
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.2451 atm
.560
dry air O.O°C, 1.00 atm .540
.520
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .500
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .480
.460
.440
.420
.........
.400 ....
'co
.380 ~
"0
.360 C>
.340 ~
C>
.:;.::.
.320
.300 >-
:t:::
"0
.280
'E
.260 ::::I
£.
.240 Q)
"5
.220 (5
en
.200 .0
.180
«
.160
.140
.120
.100
.080
.060
.. " ..
.040
-40 .020
.000
-40 -30 -20 -10 o 10 20

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

266 Psychrometric charts

DIETHYL ETHER-AIR SYSTEM

20
2.00 atm pressure .500
.480
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.2451 atm
.460
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.440

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .420

deviation to enthalpy at saturation .400
.380
.360
.340 --
.....
·iii
.320
~
-0
.300

--
Cl
..:.::
.2BO Cl
..:.::
.260
.240
~
"C

.220
·E
::J
..c
.200 Q)
:;
1BO "0
(J)
..c
.160 «
.1 40
.120
.1 00
.OBO
.060
.040
.020
·40
.000
·40 ·30 ·20 ·10 o 10 20

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 267
80

DIETHYL ETHER-AIR SYSTEM 70

5.0a atm pressure

10 20
.1BO
L ~ /\ r---J" :
liquid water O.O·C, 0.2451 atm
60
/ .: / ~.: / . / ~ 1
Enth alpy datum: .1 70
/ :/ /: ~ )( .: / 'I.
dry air O.O·C, 1.00 atm ~ :v /: ~ /
50 .160
/ .:I i'-.. V: / .: \ 'f-.-.- /
Too blain true enthalpy add enthalpy 0/ J / ~ I V .............. / .150
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation / ........... : I .: /~ I 1\ :' ~
.~,
~
40
/ f i'-.. / Y---- X- I ............

~~ I .I I ~ V / RY .140

':>~~ / ~ I .: / 1'--...;' I /\ ~ : / .130

\....~ 30 / / ~ / ~ ~ 1\ ... ~
~
. 0<:'-
X I ~ . : / ~ \" / "--, ~
.........
.120 '(ij
'-
~.j / ""7- ~ / ~~ V :'/ ~ .: \
ro'(): 20 / /" ,j )<\ ~
~ X'~ ,0; ..../ ~
.11 0 ""0
~~~
. 0<:'-
/ ~ .,
~ . 'V 1:) \ /
./'- 1\ "'-. '
--
~ ......., Ol
........... ../ V'
~'?;
x,~
~..§'(): (0' L / ' I,/-- ~ /
.. )<....
./ ~ /' .100
~
Ol
10 ro'():
/ ~" V ~\ <0' / i>Z ;/ ~r--.. .:\ / ~
~(j ~..§0 -10/ / .. ;<.
. f§> 0''():
'
..c¥- ........, ;y: ~ ,/ :~
,?-?Y ~~ / ~ ... ,~ ),r.' \ <..' ~
.......,....... ,V ~
.090 ~
'5
0 ,0 / // A :/ )1Jt. / ' .' ~.......,./ ~V ~/' 'E
/' y;. ·· L z:: .. .OBO
~ /. (8Q. ~ , / ..~ L ........... 1--.. .\ ::J
..c
L~o\o ./'
/'"""--... ~ ./ .. \~ ~ ~ .'
~ Z\ <II
/ . ......., b< .070 :;
-10 /' lY .[X / ' r--- '" X :~ / .,'
~ /'
"0
../' >< 100/1 K / .,/
.::--- V ::> r--.... \ ><-- ~ .' ./
.060 ..c
(f)

«
~ v""
,,> /" ~. ~ .. ~ V ~ V~
-20 /'" '-......./ / /
... K '"/ ~

-20 // 0 ./ ~ .;/,/ ~ V\O"! ~.' ",>=V

-< L
.050
,c'" y~ ~v /'r--- /.I~
><--- \-cg ci ~ ............ r---

--
' i\ ..-/
v----- k" / )?< .' ../' <:<: >.v "A
"
....... -:-..:.:.
~ ~
---
~ • (\ o/q ~
./>. K" .,\ ;::><. .040
-30
:: 0
/' ~ --/ ~
< ., ·';'0] P'<S. -::> ~
>< ~
......., . . '
~ ~ \ '-:&
~ r--... ~~

V
..---:: P< \ .. ><-- ..;><.,.,l.---> ~
b;c'"
, t---........
/~
-30 ~ .. ~

--
/ .030
~o ;>< .. ,:--:. l---"' X , ~~ ~ ~- ~

-
"
--......., ><- ---
-
-'~ ~~ ~ --- '--:,. ~~ \ .,>S ~- 1">.:.' . ~ .. ' \ ~~ ~
......., ....". ...
~o ~ ~ -<:.:
-.........,
~ ~ 2s: =- ><::::: . ... ~ '
'20...! ~ ~ :.:..:..-> ::::::.. ~ ,> . . . . ........... ....... .020

-:::: K .......,
><..:' \ 0 ,
,40 .. ............ ....;... ><:::::: 1\%; '
. -..
~ ~ '-'::::""1
~
,- ..::::>.::: ' ~
.~ ive\ h Jmltlll ~ . ~
~
'\ ,010
~.,

... . - ." 0 ,
.
. .. >< ........... -4"
~
"-..... >c'"
~~
~
i""""-.....
( ~ .' :--.:.........
:""".. .. .> \ --..s.~ ......., . ' r---
,.'
...... K ~ .,,- ~ t---. ..~ ~
~
r-.... .:..:.. ~ r--.........\ 6' ':":-- < ~
.000
-40 -30 -20 -10 o 10 20

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

268 Psychrometric charts

1400
ACETONE- NITROGEN SYSTEM
40 50
o. 80 atm pressure 1300 20400
/ 1(""--
FF- t--- 1/-
/
-f-1
I - 2.300
Enthalpy datum: liquid acetone 2S.0·C, 0.2920 atm 1200
/ / 7 r-- ~ t 40
2.200
dry nitrogen 2S.0·C, 1.00 atm
1100
/ / / / 2.100

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

) 11 -
/
r=:::::: sz:== 1--- V
/ / 2.000
de viation to enthalpy at saturation 1000 / I / 7 1.900
/ / r--: t7t-
--
II
~(j
.~o~e ~y 900 - j. II
/ / 7 /
/
/
1.800

~ 1.700 c
o~ / / ~ ~ rvOlll, h..
V
/ a>

-e
I_
1.600
It- ~ ~/ ~n)
C>

\....'f: ~~/ I / / / ;: 1.00

r-- 1.500 'c:
/ /
II
'O\;;' ~
/ ~
~fj'll
/
10400

<I) ;," / /
~v' / ~..;§ 00 I - -I-.kL

--
~Cj Cj~ \.... I 1.300 ~
~~ ~~ ~~
?s~ &.10
t<f 0
/ / V / ; / - r---
/ / 1.200
~
C>

~
<v~ ~ ,10~ /
/ / / 1/ / / ~~ 1.100 ::g>.
L / / 1/
7 /
v- l7- r-- l-L
/ / 1.000 'E

-
:::J
20/ / / / ..c
40~ / / / v / ~ 1--
I-.c .1, /
.900 a>
:5
L /' / . -.-;
.800 (5
V en
./
/ ;/ t--
300 L
/' / /' v
/'
.700
.0
«
/ I~ k
/" /- - '
V V
/ /'" /
;7 -'" .'
/' ,...-
I" n (~ ~
./
1)' , 111~1
,.,..n\ .600
L ~

-
---../ / /

-- --
., ' ~

--- ...-
10 . / .500

_I-- -- -- - - - --
~/
...- V
IU""':-

--- po --
../ ~
".......-
.-;
:/
--
0/.
---
~ ~ ~"'() ?V
,)"
1
0400
-::::-"- i----=:: .- ~ol ......-:: v-
.", ,,~

10q "" ""

n
.300
--- -- I

-
.L

y" " ~
.200

o ~ .100

.000
-10 o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 269

ACETONE-NITROGEN SYSTEM 800

1.0o atm pressure 750 .. .....40

. , 50
1.400
Jr--tf- -It--.. j / 1.350
En thalpy datum: liquid acetone 2S.0°C, 0.2920 atm 700
/ / / II r-:::::~ -1 1.300
dry nitrogen 2S.0°C, 1.00 atm / / /
/ I ~ ~

- ---
650 1.250
3ot:-... I / / / I

rIr==
1.200
/ / /
-
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 600 1.150
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation
/ / / --L / 1,100

~o0;0
~, 550 I I / / 7 ---- -...;. A"
1.050
l- r-./ I 7 --::
~
-
\....'f--s.~~o~;:/'
1.000
/ I ~
--- 7- / / c

I -
/

-
Q)
.950
450
/ ~i 'YVOlu 17A I. / 7 .900
Cl
e
~~~ -~O~ / / V
/ / /'K
17
.850
'c
~o
0' rr-- .L V /
/ ~
F;Z..: .30 ~

YL
~~ 400 ~~ J. .800 "0
C:>~ C:>~.::>
/ 7 R r- V
/ /
--
( / Cl
/
Q~ ~~ 350
~ ~
.750
~v ~..:§0 - 11""""-- /
V V Cl
i} ~ ~~ / ~ ~

-
.700
/ / V r-
---
/
<y\;' 300 ~&"
,0~R0
20/ / .650 >-
L / 17
I /
/ / 77 I--- r-- -...,..
L .600
'6
'E
7---. /
/ /,v I
..

Z
/ /' . -.. . - · ·r ·· ::J
.. ..
~
.550 .s:::.
/ / / /V ' / t:----- .. ' '

./
'

... / Q)
/'
.. .500 "5
/ 'JY / / /' r--.,... . .
/
'

20~ /" /' .' . '

/'
.450 "0

---- k
....
L L / / (Jl

~ // / ../ / . , .. .. .c
.'
... \tr, haen)
.... I
' '

.400 «
.7 ~
-
150L 10/ 1/ / / tie" atj9Jl-
~\I ... ... ._0-
-;>

--::::::
<,.../

,/
./
./ V / /" c.(\
----
°/~ ~ . .
.. ' ><:::::::
./
/" n" / 1····· ~
/" .350

10~L
./
./ v.: .. ~;. ...... ..- .- __ 0- .. .. ' .. ' .300
.....-
----
"".' ..-? ... . --

-
~ ~ ><:.
----
. '

v....- ..:<: .....- .250

--- -----
.'
..

----
L ___ I
.' . ' ' .'

---- f><'-.----
~
A(\ of. . '
. . . . ;.P' ~ n .. ,
-
-::,..
50 ~ ..... ... -
------ .' ---
.' . '
.... -- :..- .200
--:.. . -,-

-- ---..
L ._.0. - .' .-:;.
L -"
.' .'
1-:"".....
.. .' ._0" ~
><:: ..i .' ..
' 0
... - .150
.' .. -.-
'

.' .... .-.--

'
<T.
~
.' .. '
. '
I .-- r " -' ')0 .
.. .--- .' •··• .. 1
.. -= .100
.'

o .. .' . - .. - ._.-
... , .
.. .' I
. ' ,
'
.' .' w·P"

.. - ._ 0- - . "
. .... 0- . .. ..
,

.' I
0
' - .0 •

. 0 " '-;
... ._-- .. ._- .. .

._'.' .. .050
. -- -- . ...
-
0"-

..
.0 0 -

.. .. --- . .... ... -

-- ...
"
_.--, . . 0'·· .
-- . -- . -_ .. - ... -'
.0 .--

-- . -- ._.,- .
. . __ 0-
..
.000
o
"

-10 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ee)

 270 Psychrometric charts

A CETONE-NITROGEN SYSTEM 340

40 50
2.0o atm pressure 320 ' , .600
f---hL'-"--./ / /
r
--
~ .580
Enthalpy datum : liquid acetone 25.O"C, 0.2920 atm 300 / Ii ~~ / .560
dry nitrogen 25 .0·C, 1.00 atm 280 /. / /
/ ~ / r-- .540
I~ ~ / / 17(

-- --
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
260 / / 11( r-- i - - r- V
~9-s'
.520
.500

--t--:-I-r-
/ '/. /
--r
dey iation to enthalpy atsaturation 30/ / ~
~, 240 .480
) / ~V /
-
~e "-.. .460
<f0 220 / l'"--. V / ~ /
.440

\..'*'
':>~O;
o~
200

/~ 4-
/
} '--- ~ ./'-...... V
/
/
V -V / ~
~n.

eiriL
~ lJIl)",
/
7 r-- I-- L
V
"'/ :--
'-.......: ~6
.420
,400
g
c
Q)
en
' O~ 180 .380
~ / / ..........
K r-r:- hL ~ /]/.f-o, 'c
r-
/
~,..;§ '-K -=::::::,,: i'Y "Ii~ / .360 ~
/ i - - fL- L
160 ' O~ V

-
~'i3 ~ "0
.340
~.j.~ (0' en
f8:.~4,
~
A / / 7 ~ / 7 ~ J-!". :y:

-
140 'i3~ e .320 en
---
«,,~~ ~v ~..;§ 20 / / ~ f.L
-L / ~ -ri - - ~ .300 :y:

120
~~ f$'~
,~ 0....~ I( 1/ / -.......... ,(
-..... ../
/p"-- r--- ~ '"'- / L' .280 ::-
,e £.. / r7- /' 7" ~ r--- /"
-
/ .260
'5
/ ;; "'- 'E
/
- t:7 r--- ~r- I'-...... V
100 /'
............ ~ IX ..:: -..... .240 ::J
l>< /' / ·s;, .s:::;
I---- c::::-......
-. . . . K ····
2-
./I nO"Y ~ .220 Q)
~ V /' ./' 7 ~ V ............
'--"
./
-Ul
..... • -_ 0'- -_ ...
..........
.200
S
'0
60 ~0 ~ ./' 7- -lZ -..... V .. '
i -..- .' ~

.1 80
(/)
.c
1 0~ / «
,

L V , ~ r-........ ~ L ,...-..:..:.
r-- b.Z
-- :--.....:::::: ....- -
.........

.... +
/
/ ~.
.1 60
40 ........-
~/
....".,....
L 6 Q'y ~~
V
i>< "7
........-
L' _"'° ........... . .
.. ~ ............ , ~ m) .. s:... .140

--
'

I? n lk HI<C .....

--
- - "-
20 .....- ........- 01
.1 20
--- '"'- -..c--- J:::~ ~
K "
. "
U~
~ "", . '

-- --
~ ..- ~

---- -- --
0...<"" ....- .....::::::.

- ---
, .... 0
.... .1 00
o~ _ I :-------.... .~ '""'-- ::::--... .... k"
.... - .080
.. ' :.- ..
,. - - ........
- -
~ .. .',j~ . '

... .' ~ .. .0'- -

,
, '

~ ~
"'-
./ -Iv ,- .' .060
.. ' .'
.' ... .. ..... ........
0
.......... ..v
.. ' .. --
•• 0-

·<18
.. I
.0' -
::---.... .'
-20 r- .' . ' .0·-
'
.., ~
... .. :-......:. .040
.. ' . .. - . . _ ... -
.....
r- .
.l .. ··· . . ReI.<
.... 0
.......
'

... -
-
.' .0 0 -
....... . ~ .' .. -
I---
"

.. . . . .' 0.-. 0- .020

... .. -. - -. - - - .. , . . ."
........... -"0
. . . .. , ... .. -- - . ..
. '0·
~
'
I ----- .. '
. _w_ .0'-
.--- -
, ' .. . ,. .000
-10 o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 271

700
ACETONE- NITROGEN SYSTEM 680
660
40 50

tFt-h-IIil--J / -
1.20 atm pressure 640 1.200
620 I 1.150
Enthalpy datum: liquid acetone 25.0°C, 0.2920 atm
580
600
/ 7 t--.. / ~
-----..
17~ :"V
1.1 00
dry nitrogen 25.0°C, l.00 atm
560 / ) r-J / 1.050
t-f ti-- t-...
540 .......
520 / t------(1- t-- ~ l - .1" /
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
de viation to enthalpy at saturation 500
1 / / --- tl- I J r;- 1.000

/ r---- ~
30 .950
~0~
:\ 480
L I /
---/
460 .900
;?o / / r----V /
I

--v-. -- II
440 . 10
I /
~~ ~;z7
.850
L / / c
~

Q)
')~~ 400 J .800 OJ
j- l--J I / / g
~~~i? r
/ .750 'c
~o~ 360
/
f-- LL t--- V V / t----- ~ ~

~~~i!
/
.700
L / / / F I--- /
"0
~C:JC:J 320 ·o~ - / OJ
~ .650 ~
~~ 300
/ / / ---- ~ /-- V""'" t--- V ""-
,;}~ 00' / OJ
~~~ 2~ - C:Jf§ \..: - / ~ / , ,."
,600
~

'fJeCit V
'v
/
I-7t--
--
~u ,;}0 b. V
<V~4~ / ~
~ f§ .550 ,~
240 .~ 0' - 20/-
V. / 1 V V V r--.:...-- r"9
/. ./ "0

,0_
~'&I ~~ / ./ CIt
---.....: ,500 'E
/ / V- ~ V ~ ~ V,95
oL
./
27
/ y ,450
::J
.c

-- -/ .....-.-.""""
Q)
180 A ./ / V L
I

/'
t-,..( I
I
,/
S
r:-:-:- ~ V
w" - " --

.. ----
I
.400 (5
16:8L /' IY ../' K ./
1 _/ II)
./ ~ / .- . -.-y .0
«
~I/' .L. I?
---Vt----: ED'....--:
14~ . -' .350
/ 1 /v
V
---'
/
12~ 10/h.<:: /' A!\ V ·-· t-...c' 1 -~n'
.300
/ V v .0- -V ....< 2.0 (' ~J/I\.~ _ I. ~ -_ ., .-
V
•• __
10~ / .. ,- -
---
/ ",()~i>< _·· ·· v nthal ~
--- .250

--
80 L ....... ........... ~-- .. --- ----- I
....-< ~ ~"ofJ' .:;: I
~

:> F-- v r---..

---
v ".v

- --- -
60
. ' . - '
.200
.. -- .- - ... --- ... - I
---
-
2'< ------
I· O~
• • 0-

.'
---
IF .......-'" I 1-
------.. - . --.:- ro:::::::::
--
4~/ .' 40~ !...---" ..!-- --- . 0- -
. .- .. ' .v .150
.'
- ' .--~
2~"" .. .- . . -
~- .-
< -;-..
-'
-'
1. ----
'
-- --
1 _ro-..-- .
._0'-

,-'-'- .1 00
.1'
.' . •• -_0-
o --
--
-- . p O _
._ 0 -
.. ._ . -_0-
. - __ 0 -

,
. -.. -.- . -
r--,., • . _ . 0 - .-
On
.. -- - I
_. -_.-
-_.- .. .. ... .-.- -_ .. .050
•• 0 -

-20 - .-
.. .. , .- I
_. -" - -
::5
.- ---_.-
~
-"

.. ,. _.- " - _. .. -.
_ .
_ a __

_.-- .- ' - .. - _
_ . . -. -
. .
- _.. - . -.
.
-'"

. ", " , .000

-10 o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

272 Psychrometric charts

520
ACETONE- NITROGEN SYSTEM
500
1.5o atm pressure
40 ,
50
480 .900

l1It
" , "

460
/ I/ /

/ Ii 7 f- _ It - --
Enthalpy datum: liquid acetone 25.0·C, 0.2920 atm
440
.850
25.0·C, 1.00 atm ~
dry nitrogen t-.........

/ ;-~
420 .800
r-- lL J
-
400 ·8S
......

1 I-
To obtai n true enthalpy add enthalpy .750
t--
-/-
380
deyiation to enthalpy at saturation
360 7 ............. I~o / /
~ r--

-I-~~ i /
~, 30 .700
O~0 340
/'---
L / / / / /~ -
.~ me (f)
o<A~ 320
~
/ .650
c

r-r7 - 7 -
";)~~ 300 --;r-- '(Jell) ,
OJ

.....e
.600

17
Cl

/ r/
~

........
'-.~ 280 ~

/ 1/ - V- 7 ~
· o~ ~ ~. .L .550
'c
~ 260 ......... !.{
/
I /V
~, ~
~ "0

z . . . . . . 1/ -
e;,?} 240

,L
· o~ - .500

~-
Cl
~
.0' / /
............
1
~ / V / .......
~

<v~~ e2.:
i;~4, ..:§'If
e;,W 0 '- - /
/
L ~
Cl

/1
.450
/
~v ~.,;§
/ / --.........: . --s--
180 :Q'lf
&'If Q0
~'lf _ 20/ / ><............ ../....... v / r--:.... .400
.?:-
'0
16~ ~ .....0~ / / / V
./

./
D.(
/
........
V /v
/
.350
'E
::J
.c
1 4~ /' /' / /'
/ /"
129L / 1Cl)IJ;>< /'"
V
1/ /
/ 1
~ :--....
/'
;;-- K
Kol - . . ....
.300
S
OJ

(5

B,L7
..
V
1, / / l"-::.<:' / .--- .. . , . -
/" / I ~
(f)
... .. --
./ 7- .' V ,..- ./
t::::-...... ('.10
.250
.0
«
.---- r><:
10......- 1/ > t-...... .' ._.0'- V
./ ~
..-/ / 1/
V ......-:-: . _. 0'- I V
6°L c- ...........- ~ .----
,..-
/ c.(\ Od......-
......- ....--
~:-.
,..-
?Y.\'~~: ;.: ;;.:-
.. -- •• 0 ' -
.200
....-- ,.....-
--
iation
nu ,w ~ ... rI<>'
,.....,..- ..-/" ?f ;.;:? . .. ' t--

-- -------
.----
r:.(\

-
40£ ~ ..
....-
-
' ::'--

-- -
.150

-
'

- J...... ..' .-
u ....-
.- --:: ... . - I ._,,1"1
.- -
--
1----- ~
r-......
.-

--
20£
...- ,-----
- • • 0 . 0 -

"' .- .. I----"'" .. .' .... . .,.

~ , •. 0' -

f
"

•• 0-
>l\0 --..".,.... .- ,

11"1 .. ' .'

. ~' .. .' .. . 0'-
'. R&:
.1 00
o ..,,! ,,!, ....-..
,
f-
.. .,n 0 D--
.. ' .. ,- .---
,

. . ..
--- -=---
'

.' .. '
- . " .. .. - . __ _ . 0 -
0- 0' -
.. ' .. .'
..
... - '
. .. ... .. _- .050
-20 .. . .. . _.0- .. , _w·-
. ... ,-
'

.... . _._ 0-
. . .. ... . ..
.. ._ 0- . .. .. _ .. ····r· '.'." .. . . .
.. _ .
. . . ... .. .. . -
'

.. .. . .. . , ..... ... ......

...
. . 0-
. "
. .. . '
• 0 "
: ' , ' ,. "
•• 0 '

' . , ,. .000
-10 o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 273

140
ACETONE-NITROGEN SYSTEM
50
5.00 atm pressure .220

.210
Enthalpy datum: liquid acetone 25.0·C, 0.2920 atm
dry nitrogen 25.0·C, 1.00 atm .200

.190
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
.180
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.170

.160
c

-e
.150 Q)
Cl

.140
'c
.130 ~
""C

.120 ~
-.
Cl
~

-
.110
>.
.100 '5
.090
'E

-
::J
..c
Q)
.080
::J

.070
"0
(/)
.0
.060
«
.050

.040

.030
-30 .020

.010

.000
-10 o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

274 Psychrometric charts

BENZENE-NITROGEN SYSTEM
750
50 , . 60 ,.. 70
0.80 atm pressure 1.600
1.550
Enthalpy datum : liquid benzene 25.0°C, 0.1249 atm 1.500
dry nitrogen 25.0°C, 1.00 atm 650 1.450
1.400
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 1.350
deviation to enthalpy at saturation 1.300
1.250
1.200
1.150
c
1.100 Q)

-
Ol
1.050 0....
1.000 'c
.950 ~
"1:l
.900 C>
.850 -....
.!<:
C>
.!<:

-
.800
.750 >.
.700 '6
'E
.650 ::I
..c
.600 Q)
.550 "5
(5
.500 .c
(/)

.450 <l:

- .400
.350

-
~
-- .. . . ·1- -. . .300
.250
.200
_ - - . T.,,:!(\.
.150
I .100
o ~ - •• - I- - •
.050
.000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

 Psychrometric charts 275

BENZENE-NITROGEN SYSTEM
1.00 atm pressure 650
;7,
,~ 50 .. .. .,',. , 60 70
1.400
/----l[ /~ -/.. r --:-[-1 ! 1.350
Enthalpy datum: liquid benzene 25.0°C, 0.1249 atm 600
1.300
dry nitrogen 25.0°C, 1.00 atm
1.250
550
1.200
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
1.150
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
1.100
1.050
1.000
c
.950 Ql

e
0'>
.900 :t:::
c
.850
~
.800
"
~
Ol
.750
---Ol
~
.700
.650 ~

-----/
'5
.600 'E
:::J
.550 .c
Ql
..... . / / .500 -S
.450 '0
(J)

--~
.0
...........-- ---- '. '-'"
.400 «
.350

..--- -r-:.!,U .300

.250
-:----.... 'fl.

- ""-.:.::. -- .200
1 n,
.150
o ........ .. ...... .... ... . -- --- ~
n ___ .100
-
o .050
.000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature CC)

276 Psychrometric charts

500
BENZENE-NITROGEN SYSTEM
50 60 70
1.20 atm pressure 1.000
450
Enthalpy datum: liquid benzene 25.0°C, 0.1249 atm .950

dry nitrogen 25.0°C, 1.00 atm .900

400
.850
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .800

.750

.700 t:
Q)
OJ
0
.650 .!:;
'c
.600 ~
-c

--
OJ
.550 ~

OJ
~
.500
~
.450 'C
'E
='

-
.400 ..c
(J)
.350 ='
(5
C/)
.300 .0
«
.250

--. ~~...
..... 1-- -
-. . _- .. - . . .. . .
.200

.150

._ .. . -.--,.;: - I • • • • • __ __ __ •• •••••••• •

I
--I--.
.. . _._ -.... .-:-;;::::: ..... ..[j£;:
.100
"'Q-

. •. >'!'. _... .•••• .•

.050
. . . ... I .... .... .. .
, .:!:fJr
~

I
.000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 277

BENZENE-NITROGEN SYSTEM 400

380 60 70
1.50 atm pressure ". I • I •
.800
360
Enthalpy datum: liquid benzene 25.0°C, 0.1249 atm / / ",y.: "' " : --I... -.......... o'~
.760

dry nitrogen 25.0°C, 1.00 atm

340
Ii -+- / :. . . . . . . I I.............. :. I I~ .720
320 f ....... Ir--~ :1 ........ "
f I . . . . . . . II ~ r-- / :---.. . . . . .680
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 300
~,
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
~
°
. ~0C$ 280
'-- / i 'j. .: / 7- 7-_ ~I) /
.640

.600
o~ 260
~~ 40 / Y / / ""~r-
: ', 7--- /. ~80 .560 c::
\..'t-.'S 240 ~ 7 1'7 / 'J<.. -~ -.. . . . . / '. i.i' "'" Q)

. 0(:- . 0(:- / / 7'-' ~ / : / ~ / )<-:.:-. .520

C)

g
~ 220 ~~ 0' /r--.... : /'";--
/ "-.... / ~ /............~
~,:§ ~~v (: / ~J 1/ b< / .~ / -.. . . . . .,o' /'1> 'c
.480
~~ 200 ~v J.0 _ _ / / ~ 7r---r---..L r-.... 1
/ 'DZ. [---I- ')Z:: ~
"0
~ :.Q~ ~~ -----,~LL / 'A 1/ : - / ............
~~
--
C)

. . . . r-.... v-r--:.... ~ /'

180 .440
"?-&-~ {!:'~0 / / I'--.. V -rl-- ~ V ~

o~~160 ,0 / /1---... 1/ V ~, ' L 7:--... " ' '> 7/."O..:~ f-.O-

.400
~
OJ

/-... /7 /' ~ __ . . . . :--.. 'Y~·

140 3D/' I<;\V

/ ....... /'
V /'-.......
' -.........:: 7'-f-- /
............
V

/'
K I-~
............... . /
-,<:::::--
' .. ~/

V
''/
~
./
17""---
....z ~
........
r--.... ... ' n
- .360
~
:c
'E
::l
.320 ..c::
12~ /" /'- f~.o7 ?<--.. ~

zL
/.- ./' / '" V .280
...-
Q)
::l
./ ....... /' 110Y I ··· ·.~. o " V- (5
~ V ~ .---r ?<-. en
8<tL 20/
./ V
t>< /'
/' .('\ 0
.240 .0
<t.:
60 .~ __ I .200

40f
1............-

-- - --
--< .............. I ~k::: ~
.160

-
L lU"-< l
/
....
7-""';::::::-::;;-
"':::::: ~-
.....--
.--
-
K
-- -:..1.U .-:;
-.--. -.. - ~
. rl' w ali(] 1 . ....., - -
.120

-
-- ......., ... .. .. " ' : " . '='! .. ~~"': . ~I. ...... . .~
.080

o- .., ..,
- I--- o
-.... ...... .040

.,
... :--:.;: .. . .~ . . . ..... . ... .... 1"3. ......... .. . ... ... . ....,) :-- - .000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

278 Psychrometric charts

BENZENE-NITROGEN SYSTEM
70
2.00 atm pressure .540
.520
Enthalpy datum: liquid benzene 25.0"C, 0.1249 atm
.500
dry nitrogen 25.0"C, 1.00 atm
.4BO
.460
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
.440
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.420
.400
.3BO c
Q.l
.360 0)
a
!::
.340 'c
.320 ~
-c
.300 0)

---
~
0)
.2BO ~

.260 >.
......
.240 '5
.220
'E;::,
..c
.200 Q.l
:5
60 .1 BO "0
(/)

.1 60 ..c
«
.140
.1 20
.100
20
.OBO
.060
o .040
.020
.000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 130 Psychrometric charts 279

BENZENE-NITROGEN SYSTEM
70
5.00 atm pressure .200

Enthalpy datum: liquid benzene 25.0°C, 0.1249 atm .190

dry nitrogen 25.0°C, 1.00 atm .1BO

.170
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .160

.150

.140 c:
Q)
Cl
.130 0
!:;
'c
.120 ~
"0

--
Cl
.110 ..::s:.
Ol
..::s:.
.100
~
.090 'C
'E
::J
.OBO ..c:
'J ....-
Q)
.070 ::J
(5
10 rn
.060 .D
<d::
.050

.040

.030
-10
.020

.010

.000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

280 Psychrometric charts
230

220
TOLUENE-NITROGEN SYSTEM
210
0.8a atm pressure
50 60
200
/ .~ : 1' ;
/ / -:- r--.: .360

Enthalpy datum : liquid toluene O.O°C, 0.00893 atm 190

/
l
/:
l
.9
~ ---:Vh( ~ /'
: ~ ..;... " V:'
! :
,'"/
,350
.340
.330
dry nitrogen O.O°C, 1.00 atm 180 J-:--' : ,2: .! /~ i:-/. /
v·
'"
.320
/ ;' I
--;~ I.: / r--:-
"
/ ;
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
170
/ /..\
ff'- v:---- r--.:. ; " >1
f\. : : / :-- .310
.300
~, 160 J'--....... V :' y::.,: I : :/ ----;.., i'-I '\. ;I
I It : ----, ~ 11. . no/. ',v"?:: /3~. ~ . ~ .: It'! :
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation ~e .290
. ~o .280

--
~ I' I I:' ~ i'-/"
0<:\
150
/ , " '\(' "'!--- i' :
~~ /.~'J' /Jr--.... ...
'

'\ / ;r--- j ,'V'\: .

.270

/ --; ~' I /
140 .260
~'S / / -:-... / ;'\. :
---
.250 c
/. IV:' / ~:' / i-..L '\. / " / : r------ : '\. )': /
\. 130 Cll

---
·O~ · O~ ...,~/ .240 OJ
~
~y>\"lf 120
~ / V -..,.::, / :' j 'l): ' ~~ / : ,'.
~ .230
0
!:;
~.j-"lf \..V' / :7 ~K !/ / '\. -L : 'c
----- :'"
c,.,"lf 30/ :' I
--
c,.,"lf .220
i'\ ~ 110 ~(j ~y>\e J'---...t. :')\ 7 )!--. / :"-... I f ---:-- / ~
-- : y
.210
/ 7 .7" ~ /.: / 1.: / 7 r-- '0

-----
~~ :
. t§> 0' "
--
.200 OJ
<v~~ 100 ~~ ~~ f--- /' / ~--- f:,.(. . / ; ,'. / ~ : /
.190
~

,e
/ 7 Y. OJ

---
I X ~ -.:.. /. ,''\.. ~ ~
90
~<--..... /' / ~ ,.( '\.. :' / :
r -i--. ---:." V : t-- :
.180
.170 >-
/ \7 '5'S :....... :'/ "X- :>Z: "
.'!:

--
80 .160
V ----:.. '--
'0
/ ~ '\. / "7- / ~,--- /. 'E
-- :--- --
" / ;
> '.
.150
/ V 7" ~ 7,: "'7--: Y
--- ----.
-
70 ~ :J
.140 .!:.
2 0 / ~~ -LI ?\ / ' --:-:- / 1 ./ ~' ;:--. ./ V Cll
: '\. v--;
---
.1 30
/. ~ ,<c--.'.
60 =~ V "
~ .,,019- 7- ~ : / :J
. / r-- A
----
.1 20 (5
7' ~ '---- /; ----.;.: /"\J ~ . / '\. ...
---
-
(/)
50 "- -/
.11 0 ..c
/ ' Y /<- ~ .7- ~ / .~ 7 - --.:......... / : :,....-
..... ~.,:),
---
~ ,./ , ':'-- ~
~~ <-- ' .
'" ---
.100
40 . / 7- X ../ ~(\ oJo ~ 7" : ~
~ ~ --:. ~
>< <-
,./

--- ". '\.. .090

/'
-- '\. ,.- --- " >< --"
/ -",. /

.---
~ ~ ~ / ~ "h '.

----
~ .... r--:;" ~ < ----
.080
30 10/ j:>< >< ~ ? <. .:,9./ ~
,./
·S ~ .070
~ ...?""-'><:." .............. ~ ~ A~ ><]' ><
---- ~ 'i:--- ~ --- '. ~~r,;; ><:::"" ..
'.

~ '\ ~ c: ;::>< '->< ....-

--- -
:>-<- '.
------ ---
.060
"> <.
--- - ---
20
~ .--::- --..:.,... '. -':"'"
t.:: "\
";><""---
~

-- ----.. ,050
<....--..... 0 >< .::.-:::= -<::::. ",...
--
...-J><- ->"'" ?< .-::>< '3~ ,, ~ "-.:-
-----
~

- -- ---
--
~
.040
:>- i<C ~ -< -.:.. ..:>< '..2.0% '\:":::-

-
><

- -------
':-: ~~
------
~"
~>-< ~

----
"-:-- ~
10 ---- F"-<-

-r---
.030
>-< ::>- :::::::. '\ '\.
---
...
-----r==:::
\. ~ ~@,., ~ :--.
i:-c:-
---
h.
.020
. ~,

--- --- --- -- ----

............... -IY ~
)' ~ ~~ ~ .~

--- '''~
.:-- r-----:.P-... .010

--- ---- r--

I
t--- I ""'\'" "¥-k. -r----, r--- I:'\:~" r---. '. V
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 281
180

TOLUENE-NITROGEN SYSTEM
1.00 atm pressure
.250
Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O·C, 0.00893 atm
.240
dry nitrogen O.O·C, 1.00 atm
.230
.220
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .210
.200
.190
.180 c:
Q)
Ol
.170 e
:t::
.160 c:
~
.150 "0

--
Ol
.It:
.140
Ol
..!o::
.130

60
.120 ....>.
'C
.110 ·E
::J
50 .100 L:

.090
....::J
Q)

40 (5
(/)
.080 .0
<{
.070
.060
.050
.040
10 .030
.020
.010
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

282 Psychrometric charts

TOLUENE-NITROGEN SYSTEM
60
1.20 atm pressure .260
.250
Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O°C, 0.00893 atm
.240
dry nitrogen O.O°C, 1.00 atm
. 2. 30
.. .220
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .210
.200
.190
.180 c

-e
Q)
Cl
.170
.160 'c:
~
.150 "0
0>
.140 ..:.::
.......
Cl
..:.::
.130
.120 £"0
.110 'E
::J
.100 ..c
Q)
.090 "5
0U)
.080 .0
<{
.070
.060
.050
.040
10 .030
: .020

o - .010
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 283

150

TOLUENE-NITROGEN SYSTEM
60
1.50 atm pressure .200
:
Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O"C, 0.00893 atm .190

dry nitrogen O.O"C, 1.00 atm .180

.170
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .160

.1 50

.140 c
Q)
OJ
.130 g
·c
.120 ~
""C
OJ
.110
-..
..::.!
OJ
..::.!
.100

.090 .~
""C
·E

-
.080 :J
..c.
Q)
.070 :J
"0
(J)
.060 ..c
«
.050

.040

.030

.020

.010

.000
o 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

284 Psychrometric charts

120
TOLUENE-NITROGEN SYSTEM
2.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O°C, 0.00893 atm

dry nitrogen O.O°C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

deviation to enthalpy at saturation

.110
c::
Q)
.100 0)
0
-=
'c
.090 ~
"0

--
0)
~
.080 0)
~

.070
->.
'0
'E
.060 :::J
..c::
30 Q)
+-'
:::J
.050 "0
(/)
.0
<
.040

.030

.020

o .010

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 285

TOLUENE-NITROGEN SYSTEM
60
5.00 atm pressure
Z ,X\I ., [v ·A 1 .068

Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O°C, 0.00893 atm

70
/ \'\/ ~ '\ '\ ;' 1 .064
dry nitrogen O.O°C, 1.00 atm
1 ,\/ \.i/'\ ·1 ' r\/' ~
01 1\ j M,: A ./ r\ : .060
60 / V v~ / ! "':
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy / V /'\ 1~11: / V , : .056
deviation to enthalpy at saturation / / \ /' / 1\., /.. >- :
Ji\ IX.: / . ~: / >:-\ / 9i : I'\. ?i:/ .052
/ 1X / :'\' / :' "V X "" /
V / : '\ .J;: / '\ :' / '\ '" / . '\.
L Y ''\' / ~ '/\ '\. ./ :\ V "(
.048 c

-e
Q)

/ 1/ \ 1 / 1/ \ ~ \ ,-:It'\. ;'1 X .044

C>

/ ,\7 r'\: / '\ I§.: ~ / / '\ : V " ... 'c

.040 ~
"0
30 C>
.:>t:.
.036 ......
C>
.:>t:.

.032
.~
20 "0

.028
'E

-
::l
..c
Q)
.024 : :l
10
"0
(/)
D
.020 «
.016

o .012

.008

.004

o 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature CC)

286 Psychrometric charts

1700
N- PENTANE-METHANE SYSTEM
1600 20
0.8o atm pressure ' , , ,
4.000
( 'I--/.. 1- !-I- / /
1500 ( / ,'.
/ ----.., t-- l!- i - - /
Ent halpy datum: liquid water O.D"C, 0.2413 atm 3.800

O.O· C, 1.00 atm 1400 l

/ / II
;.:
~
/ -- r---- /-l~
I ---
dry methane / " 3.600
~ I sd ,: / r-:: u
IT:''iilic V~~ I
! ~ r-1:::t--
1300
c- 3.400
Too btain true enthalpy add enthalpy ~: / I ~ lIeJn J/l.. I

-
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation 1200 l / I~: II I : Ir-----., ~Wn....
0' f::::::::. J_ " I : / If --:. ":1.ne) I'<ae- 3.200
0-<:::
r- l ~~ / / / r---::.

-- --
0.;s' 1100 3.000
/ I ~. It- ~ 1/ / /

;?j
~{' L L / r-- / /
." 1
/ 2.800 Q)
/ /
~
c· . / :/ ~ c
cu
r--.- h( I
e-Y / / / / 3.nn

.-
£
\.: 2.600 Q)
f I.t
----
'0(;:- 900 ' 0(;:- .,, / / /
----r-..L
E
.0'-
-- -
~
v,'lf
~ ~ I( / 2.400
,j.'lf / 7 -tr, / / ,r- - -L ~
~ 800 t§ 0 \.. '0

"' Y - s:
c:> ) hJQ; ,
~
Co // 1/ 2.200 OJ
·CJ
/ 7 r--., ~:' / r--
fl:'~-
2.80 .!I:::
: / .......
dY~ 700 . ~,§' 0/ / / f;: r-:... V /
OJ

--
.!I:::
~<f' "?-~.....0~~ 2.000

60y - - / 7 /" r-- r-.. '

---
/ -
--'E>-
-
1/
-
/ / / / / / 1.800 is
/
/ L
50aL
I
/ / / ~ /
" /' ~ .60 1.600 ::J
/ "7-
----/ /'
/
/I ./ / 1 £

--
/ /. :::--,::
L
-
~y / / ,/ Q)
./ 1.400 'S
400 / ' --:
/ / .' / " ,/ ./

L
"6
-
-
/' / ~ 7,.'
.
,/ / 1 7- .., 1.200 .0
en
.10/ / ./ ,...:::" / ,/ : ---..J ...:..'u «
3~
() 00 1 ,/

. / ,/
,/ T :?' -;7 /" /"'" ,/
-L' ....-1
=--- / 1.000

-
,/" / "J'I°1o / :'
,/
,/" I
:;::><... ~ ,....-:: ..
==-----
L ./
I
,/ ..........
200 ...........
.800

--
. . . ..
--
........-

- --- -
~ ........... ,.--/ ~ ,..:?
--- ' ~ 1____ ~' '''''' ;:> ..,,,

- -
L =><
---
·~u_........- ........- ,n /9 ....
-----
0
.600

-
L
,-
........-

-
100 L ......-< ..,.- ~ ;:::c I
1:::--" . 1
L. ..-r- .' " 3U
.£. .400
-
-"1.1 1 I
z: -'
- ,," , I n,
o .'
"

"
.200
.'
""'"
," .. ,.'
, '
"
.000
·30 ·20 ·10 o 10 20 30

Dry bulb temperature ('c)

 Psychrometric charts 287

1300
N- PENTANE-METHANE SYSTEM
1200 20 30

r
.,
1.00 atm pressure
j ~ / r. -;- 3.000
2.900
---. /1
10/ /
- -! /
- ---+
Ent halpy datum: liquid water O.O' C, 0.2413 atm 1100 :' ~

dry methane O.O' C, 1.00 atm / f-- ~I / --: ~ I 2.800

2.700
1000 / / "0:/ IL-I""---- f--L <.4n
Too btain true enthalpy add enthalpy / / s / / II -=
2.600
2.500
devi ation to enthalpy at saturation 900 ~ h( ~/ / /: / 2.400
e'
1>-<:;:1- / / ~I.- "
-~ .
I 2.300
~
I
/ j :' I :---r-.7/~ rn~ (tl ? - l - i - -

- --
o<A~e
J'--- bL-.L J:
2.200
800
I II ---;----:J6ry rnA' / 2.1 00 <1>
/
-
:
~~ / I; ' : / ~ : / ~ ; :f1 e) ~n c:
«l
2.000 .s::::.
\...'*"':> 700
L / ;j :' /
~
/ :' 7 '--- f-.-..,L
1.900 iii

-- -
·o~ , 0<::-
~~
~
;§'If 00'
/ ~ D i-,. / :/ / E
~-v 600 t§- \... / / / -y-... /"1- -?4 I /
"S' :
1.800 ~

--- / -
"C
e

- ---
~<:j 1.700
"'-- -,L ~.: V
<:j
J '---
/ :' C>
~0 ~..§
--
'If

-
~
~~~ ~ ~'lf
7-
1.600
«.-~'(;'~
500
Qe
i;y'lf 0/ / / / lJ. ,<t./ ~ ~ ::::- / 1.500 ~
C>

~ ,e<$" ....m.<-
- / / 7 -L L / / 1.400

4~
/-- /-.... / /.: / 7- ~
1.300 '0
I :

./I"C) ;/
/ /
/ /
7"-.
/ r-- -L
L /
/' :
:/
/
- 1.200
'E
:::J
.s::::.

3~
1.100
/' ./
/ /'
..../ I ./'
:::-- /' /" "5
<1>

-
./ 1.000 "0

-------.---
./ / I ~ // ./ /' .... ~ <::: !/)

L
.900 .0
- 10C:-b.Z /1 1()~ /-. /' /t Wn <X:
.800
200 L / 1/ 1/ ~ ,..c'"
/"" ,,-/ ~ -...::::::
/."

L!-
.'
.700
I .---
./' ;:::;;:;?
./ ,,-/ / .' ....... ......... ...............
~n..9~
./
.......- .--- ..---- .600

-
L ........... .,;'::":-- .---
':;:7
--:---- I
--- I

-
............ .......

--
100 .500

--- ---
-
-~u .......

£- --- 40 :..---- I (\):l-:-. '--:>-<--

-
-- ---
~

--- --- -<'"

---- .400

--
L. - -:' .··· 1---- 0
I
~

L .,n ""> -< ;;)'7.-

I .-
I
.300
L

----.
0
T.6n
o .' I "-'
:l< .. ' .200
I .' I I
.. .100
.. .,
.. .'
..r -, I

."
'
,. ., " ,
. , " . .000
-30 -20 -10 o 10 20 30

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

288 Psychrometric charts

11 00

N- PENT ANE-METHANE SYSTEM

1000
1.2a atm pressure
20 30

- ------
2.500
/ / II
r+ ---- L
;' / ~ 2.400
Ent halpy datum : liquid water O.O·C, 0.2413 atm 900 / V- hi:I 2.300
dry methane O.O·C, 1.00 atm
/ r--I lis" / ~~ 2.200
r--- L ! ~ "'~}o
10/
/ V
r
800 ~Ih.
Too btai n true enthalpy add enthalpy 2.100
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation L I - ~ ~ t?kg ch,- : /
1::
I
-. ~ '>'/. 2.000
f- J / /
-
0'
~'l>-~ 700
:---.:; t::efl~

i/
1.900
~0
/ bL- t:::--.L ~
I I ~
o~
L /
~
V ~:
0:
I I ~ -::t t--- t--- V I I
1.800
Q)
..y.'I:-~
i r;: V c
f.--
/ r----. k , -......
600 1.700
I -~ 171
(\j
~ : .c
\...'*' ~:
. 0<:- . 0<:-
/ /. ~ . -..:~. .. / 1 0
1.600 Q)

-
~ ~ / 1- --/- - : { 70 E
.;S~ 00'
C:J~.;§ 500 t§ \. / -I--
~ -
~
--..,L., / V '-':'::: 1.400 1.500 ~

-
/ c ' "'0

--
<;j 0
~~~
~
:9
~v ~,§
~~ S--- 7 / .§ '/ / ~ -7-- L 1.300
OJ

---OJ
~

~~ &~ ~0
7 ~ / 7: ~ :----- Lf ..... ~

--
~
~
<v~ ~ .....0~
--- ;:::--
400 0/ ........
1.200
/ / ~ -A ~ -::/.. ~ / '.- ?--J- ·(50
:::-:;%: ~
1. 100 '6
2~
/
7 7 .// t<';S'? .: ' / L
----=;: /"' 'E
z:- ><
./ 1.000
~ r<-- --f-..
::J

-
300 ./ "'--- ~
1,/ .c
L ./
./
./ ::r\
Y / ../
./
./
:::;z....... 1 /
:'/
- /
../
/ /'
--1 ;srr-
.900
.800 (5
Q)
:;

20~ -1 0
./
/- ./
/'
:< 15?
'9 /' / " b4---- ./ /'
--...:.......
.700
(f)
.0
«
L!-
/ .........
/ 1/ / / 1/ .. ' ' / 7' I I......... ~,
~
.600
. / ./ I/ I ~ \)\J...;.-:
~><-- /j L ...........
/1 --.:: ...... 1
100 L ..........
...... ............ ...........
...... nL ...- >< 1 ___
.500

-
-r--- I
----
,.--?
L .......--- ?-C ...--- ...--- ~ 7.40

- -- --
~" I -.:::::
L!-
- ~u • I
...- ::;:;- .400

-
::><:: :::t-===: =--:-'1'
--
-4~
--- J....-- --t .. ' 1-

-
..- I
L 0
.300
--= -
.. . , -><.. r---- .....
,L , -< ,. :-
I , :-- I I .. ··
I .--;

o , .. .' , Q
.
I
,
I
I
.200
I I
., R.. '

--
1 I :r--:::: I .100
.. - I I I :--.
--- -- , , , I
.'

..
.1..-
.'
, .
"
, . .000
o
'

-30 -20 -10 10 20 30

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 289

800

N-PENTANE-METHANE SYSTEM
20 30
1.50 atm pressure 700 1.800

Enthalpy datum: liquid water o.o·e, 0.2413 atm 1.700

dry methane o.o·e, 1.00 atm 1.600

600

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 1.500

deviation to enthalpy at saturation
1.400

1.300
Q)

-
c
~
1.200 ..c
Q)

1.100 E
~
"0

--
1.000 OJ
.:x
OJ
.:x
.900
~
.800 '6
'E
::J
200 .700 .c
Q)
"S
.600 (5
(J)
..c
.500 «
.400

.300

- I
,
I
..
- o .J: e
"',mi \
--
- I

-
.200

.100
; .. , .
' .~
7 n. -
·30 ·20 ·10 o 10 20

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

290 Psychrometric charts

N-PENTANE-METHANE SYSTEM
2.00 atm pressure
1.150
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O"C, 0.2413 atm
1.100
dry methane O.O"C, 1.00 atm
1.050
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy 1.000
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.950
.900

.850 Q)

-
c
ctl
.800 .s::
Q)
.7S0 E
.700 ~
"C
0>
.650 ~
""-
0>
~
.600

.550
.soo 'E
->-
'6

-
::I
.s::
.4S0 Q)
::I
.400 (5
(/)

.3S0 .0
<l::
.300

.2S0
.200

.lS0

.100
-so .OSO

.000
-30 ·20 ·10 o 10 20 30

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

 Psychrometric charts 291

N-PENTANE-METHANE SYSTEM
30
5.00 atm pressure .460

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O· C, 0.2413 atm .440

dry methane O.O°C, 1.00 atm .420

.400
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .380
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.360

.340
Q)
.320

-
c
ctI
.300 ..c
Q)

.280 E
~
"0
.260

--
0>
.::s:.
.240 0>
.::s:.

20
.220

.200 '6->.

·E

-
~
.180 ..c
Q)
.160
o ~
"0
If)
.140 ..0
<t:
.120

.100

.080

.060

.040

.020

.000
-30 -20 -10 o 10 20 30

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

292 Psychrometric charts

2200
N-HEXANE-METHANE SYSTEM 2100
40 50 60
0.80 atm pressure rr--::::
2000
/ / i---rf- I II
4.400

Enthalpy datum: liquid water

dry methane
O.O·C, 0.0597 atm
O.O·C, 1.00 atm 1800
1900
/ -L
~:
-/.. .i 7r---~~- / /
1700
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation

I
1 ..-

---
- -
.600
I
~ .

.400
J2 !)n

.200
, I

0 -' .000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ee)

 Psychrometric charts 293

N- HEXANE-METHANE SYSTEM 1800

50
1.0a atm pressure
1700 , . 60
l V:' I -r+- r--- /
3.600

Enth aipy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0,0597 atm

1600 f-.. 1"i1' I /: 1 1-+--. 3.400
R r---- .I : /

-
40/ /
dry methane O,O°C, 1.00 atm 1500 -/.&: --r--J /

---
f-I- --:--
3.200
/ ."r:.:' 7 / /
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
1400
/ I 0; : / / : r ~ :i ..... 3.000
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation 1300 / I e:' I / /
e' ~ 1-= ~ / .' / / 2.800
~
e~1j 1200 / ~ J I r-.:.. -I... I

--
L 4":' j 'j r----" :' I I ir--

-
~~ -"r-:J: /
2.600
/
-- -r
l~ ~.,9
~<0?3 1100 c
Q.l

'f.")\ / ~ :/ t7- L eel

2.400 ..c

- ---
~ \: 1000 / / ~ / / :
: ,40
Qi
~o '0(;:'0 J __ -- ~ ~ / /: / / E
~ 2.200
~1j
~\) 900 ~,;§ 00' / / 1&' 1"---- i---. / I ~
",,'?f \: 7 / :' / / L , "C
~"" ~CJ ~.j.e
~ So",,; . I
2.000
--
Ol
A'
--
A'?f / I~ -.. : I"'~ rnA
/ : ,. ~

~~~~~~
. r§> e''?f 30// ~arl' /
'\>-~ f$'~ 7 /1 / / I
1.800 ~
Ol

,e
- / / 7 -:-:-- ;/ --r __ "f ane;1?,,-:-
_ 1--.::
70~ A / / : / / / : / ~
1.600 '5
/ 7 ;>Z::: : 71 -
--,k:: , A V : / 7' 'E:;,
--
600 L 7 ./ ./ / ./

/- ~o /
/' 1.400 ..c

50~ /'
/ ./ /' Q.l
/ / 015' 7" // :~ <....--.... ./ "5

-
.C\ /. 1.200 "0

/' -::---:,.. /
./'1 1/
20L /' (/)

40~ 7 .0
()~ / : / 1"1,
./ ./ ./ ./ I I ""tt"
1.000 <{
~ ,..:;.c >-
-
/
./ /' ~
v C'I ... .-/' I

- -- --
L /' ,/" ~/ :.....----- ~

--
/ /"" ~ /'
/'
.800
-----
300 L ;:::>< .. ,' ...---
.-/'
/ .,/ .....-;-:"··1c.() 0/0 ,....?
L /'
.....-

- - -----
lU.-/' .-/' L..--...
.-P ---:-:'" I

-
200 L L .- .600
--
---::;:;: I AU':":'-
------
><-1. .'
~
L ,..,., 0
L 1\.
..z. --- .'
~
'v .400
100
I
, . . .. I

..
.. , ..
.200
.. ..
o "
.. ,
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

294 Psychrometric charts

N-HEXANE- METHANE SYSTEM 1500

1.20 atm pressure 1400

Enthalpy datum: liquid water o.o°c, 0.0597 atm 1300

dry methane O.O°C, 1.00 atm
1200 _ 2.600
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation 1100 2.400

--
--- -
.600
V . r---
- -
~(\:-' ~

I ~

-
-
~
.400
~
I 0 '

.200

o .000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 295

N-HEXANE-METHANE SYSTEM
1000
50 60
1.50 atm pressure 2,000

Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O°C, 0.0597 atm 900 40

I
I
~
/
j :
V ..
/
V r::::: ~
~
1,900

dry methane O.O°C, 1.00 atm 1.800

800 1,700
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
devIation to enthalpy at saturation 1.600

1.500

1.400 Q)
c
('Ij
.s::::.
1.300 Q)
E
1.200 ~
"0
en
1.100 .:.::
......
en
1.000 .:.::
400
.900 '6
i:!'
'E
.800 ::J
.s::::.
Q)
.700 ~
(5
en
.2"'-- V~ /' ,,,~ 7 .l"
V ... c..-
/ --L
_...........--- ......
r---.. ::::s......
........·.. ,7'---'--r~~
""""'-
4- ""-_~
,600 .0
«
£-
200 ~- - / / 1 I ...........

/'..J, -
,500
10..-/ ; ; ............ 1.........- ><:::::~ I __ ....-7 - ....-""- _ ....-'<..::::1_ .400
.L .........- . . . . . . .?-

-
- -I Ir\"T< ~ ~ "'-
00
r~ v

__
_

-
- 1--
I
,......<: .....- ...........

'"<::
-
L--
-
_ --

-
" '-
~ "' 1
_
;-
'>;C -rq _ _

-+-
I --
T
I'
-<:.:

~
-

-- :::::d,
::-0 ... . ...... ......
-- "
'l-\l .....
- - .300

.200
, , '--.... I 1 ,~'o I, hi m,,,;
I
.. .1 00
.. .. 1
0-
_ I
I · J •• ' . t-- v
"

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)

296 Psychrometric charts

N-HEXANE-METHANE SYSTEM 750

2.00 atm pressure 1.400

Enthalpy datum : liquid water O.O·C, 0.0597 atm 650 1.300

dry methane O.O°C, 1.00 atm
600
1.200
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation 550 - 1.100

1.000 Q)
c
(Ij
.c
.900 Q)
E
~
.800 ""C

--
OJ
.::.:.
0>
.700 .::.:.
300
~
'C
250
.600 'E
:::J
.c
Q)
200
.500 ::;
"0
en
.0
150
.400 «
10

.7""'--__
.300
100
X .........
......... I ?"' ~ ~ -- >~() ~ --~ - - - '------ ~-_ -
~ __ S h l
""':>?" -
--: ., -~..c.::::: .. ,;.::.- ~r:::=- .~~ I _ - __ ~ ===
<-- v __ ~

I
_ b-<::::1 .....
--.:: .--.::... - - --,.
--=""""'
....
" --~
I ............ =-=-
....:..:...'"-.. -
~ ---- - : - : -.. : : : . . . . : - I
_- 1- .200

I--
-
- - . ~.. ~
'_"'o-<r--_
~
_ . . .,
~
~ ..... -: . - .' I ' - I --
.100

-
_ ~"'- . ___ ' --4- l""Ie,.

-
0
t-- In
or=: t-- .- .- r.::.::::- .000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 297
400

380
N-HEXANE-METHANE SYSTEM
5.00 atm pressure
340
.580
Enthalpy datum: liquid water O.O·C, 0.0597 atm
.560
dry methane O.O·C, 1.00 atm .540
.520
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .500
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .480
.460
.440
.420 CI>
c
ctI
.400 .s=
.380 Q)
E
.360 ~
"0
.340

--
01
.320
.::s:
01
.::s:

-
.300
.280 >.
.260 '5
·E

-
.240 ::J
.s=
.220 CI>
::J
.200 (5
(J)
.180 .0
.160
«
.140
.120
.100
.080
20
.060
.040
o .020
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

298 Psychrometric charts

1500
BENZENE-METHANE SYSTEM
1400
60 70
0.80 atm pressure . . . . ... ,,. . .""":z:-..~-:-'t-""-"i-V-+--"-""""""'--r--r-""c...:.; 3.000
I~~A""""-....:::::;:::/~~.:'--../",",",=,~
Enthalpy datum: liquid benzene 25.0°C, O, l249 atm
1300 /--+-J-I-+----7I-'-/-f-+--++:'Vf---l--:
~
L' ~
lL "1
~~ 2.900
I--+-~!::---"'-f--+---'-fr-------jr---t-----;+---f--"--;"=--=+~"r+ 2.800
dry methane 25,O°C, ] .00 atm ~'---=A'-i~---:--.f--..=:·-f-'=""'!o-I-/+-----r---,i1ut"1_+----+-t/'---r-_ _-l.n_ ·:!..-++v
1
' . 2.700
1200
/ II 7/r-- t-,£.:~1-- I.Qj : 'I I.... /
1-i7I/~=:::.:~~d~r---r---;---,'IV
/ M--/-k----+. ./_!--_A-~+--f-I/_--';;":--f~
T-i r----t 2.600
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
/
L
I-+-+-+--Tl-:
/ I
.
- - ----r;~ ~
/.
L ':
/
~Y--",(f!l<"'-R-;;n;t"?'I(' T-r-
/
".
r
~cbt /1).1 7;-- 2.400
2.500

"'e) '..,
--,,:~
., "0
t-1-----;1I-I!~r:r=:=::::r~t~:v=t:::==:::j::::tLI-t --\I'---f">'-:~
~__:+ 2,300
-/ / / ---"r---
40 /
/ rr--- V'"/. - - / / .. /
/. ------..---. .
2200

L 2,100 a>

- / r"----L :/ / /

/
7j--..:·'-.
'7"
// 1 / . Q>
"O-t-- t 2,000
c:
~
/1 - --.:.,~.~~ . 1.900 E
/ /;( /L / 7r---__ / )< /.'
Y / /
", 1 ' . --'
1.800 ~
/ 1 / 1/ / Y / ~__ / ' :~O / - ~::~~ ~
/ Y-~.--..LAI / / / -:::- V 1.500 ~
/ / I /--=, / V
/ ol~ / / / /---~ /'

30./ 'V .~ L / /' .r---hz" 1

1,300
1.200
/ L~ /' ' /.'/ / 1 / ' "-. I ---~
-:-1 --- __ 1.100
/ I /.. ••• .1

./ .../ ./ / >--
";>::- / .../

--
1/ I . .... :<".~ ...
1.000
,(\~
.900
.."c / , / - - " / / / I / 1
20/ / / ' ----". --" ? / . . . . .(. . . . -----t-. I .800
.700
/ 1
---
/ .../ / ./ 1< I;Q'jJ../ ~ J-- .600
../ -----..__./ ......... ' A' >r<- I 1 ......... "-- .-,--" .2 dfl

- ---
.. .. -r.... .. .500

-
___ __ ---- I ___ .o .. . ....~ --:-:-J. ~ ~ ... ~ .. ........ .. ..... . .. - . "~~'~ ..... ~

100
... - ..
~

&,u ..... 1...... .. I. .. ....... ..

- .400
,300

\IV
....... .........." . . . . . . . .200

-
- - I
o
~

.•••• - 1- • •• --
.100
.000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 299

1000
BENZENE- METHANE SYSTEM
9S0
ro
r......
.. ~ 60 .,
1.00 atm pressure 900 '----J "J. / ,' / I 2.000
/ I -r.- ~ j / "/ ~ / 1.9S0
Enthalpy datum: liquid benzene 2S.0°C, 0.1249 atm 8S0 / I / :' I "''::::-;- -I- "/ . . . . . ~40 1.900
dry methane 2S .0°C, 1.00 atm /... I I ,'. : ~e" ~_ ' 1.8S0
800 r-- 'I-... / ,' / :/ ~olL r:--f-t-- 1.800

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy

~~
7S0 0' 40L
/
/

I
I
~
/;---....
/

/..............
1--11-;...
/
/:

',
/
f7C t-- "
~ n'}k,
~ 'Yfh~
I.
r f..!..<'if)e"
1.7S0
1.700

r
1.6S0
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
0~ 700 t+- / . / t--.. !7-t-- ~u 1.600
)"'<:\~6S0 ~ / I--,~ 1/ '. r--J /
r--- /' ..
/ 1.SS0
v / 'K / / r---:.L 1.S00
~O; 1.4S0
\'*:S .L / ~ : / ' ~ li
600
r--- r--r-.- 1.400
Q>

-
" / I 7'"-1-- : V / / -"':t-:-, c
1.3S0 m
,t--., ::L.. 1.300 .!:
'. '0 r-:-:::. . 1.2S0 Q>
-I-- '. / E
1.200 ~
V 1.1 SO '0
/
--
0)
1.100 .::£
1.0S0 0 )
.::£

-
1.000
.950 >.
.900 ' 6
.850 'E
.800 ::J
.!:
.7S0 Q>
.700 '5
.. ' . .6S0 '0
CIJ
.600 .0
.SSO «
.SOO
1 Q~

---
.4S0
-.. .400
.3S0
.300
.2S0
so . --. -. -
- it I -_
1--''' ' .... -- -- . . .. ......... .. .200
.- - - -- -- - _.. -_ .
.. -l -- · .... · ..

-.
.... j--... .. .150
O ~
Q"latlv~ --
. .. ... .. .. <.:..: -- -
~- n .. __ .. .100
.. .. .. f -- .. · . -
I .050
.~ -- ..... --_._.
. ; .. ,.... .. .000
10 20 30 40 so 60 70

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

300 Psychrometric charts

850
BENZENE-METHANESYSTEM
800 50 60 70
1.2o atm pressure 1.700
~ Y :----f ~ I .L / ~ / ............
1.650
En thalpy datum: liquid benzene 25.0' C, 0.1249 atm
750
I '. . . . . 1 l ~r:- 1-1- : ~
~

r r--=:::: 1.600

,
/ / r.......... : I I~ ~ '.

-
dry methane 25.0'C, 1.00 atm 700
:/ 1.SS0
I ~~ ~ / ............
I ". ""'l!! 1.S00
6S0 / '-..J / ~ t--. / / '. /
1.450
--y. ~S..o1O
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
dey iation to enthalpy at saturation ~
'0......
1>-<:'-
600
/
J
/
- f-- -L
/ ~
~ /
/
/ : ...... ~v. {"
;I- ....:... ~ /",
'. I~ 1' D,
1.400
1.3S0
1/ I / ~ f17Jt. I /
'"
"-......j

-
: ~ ~V : ~

- -r-
1.300

---
40/
~o<A 5S0 '- / '-....,t. / 7 r---..... ~ ~~"" 1.2S0
-s.~ / ~' / ~ ~~ _1
1.200 a>
/ I'-/:. / 1: / 1.... I /'.
-
\...'i-' SOO i'""---7 -...........
~.
c
-::-r--

-- _
1.150 ro
'0" . 0"
~
} ~ / :
'------ l-L-1 / / --:;: :::-... ". ~ ..c
~ ~S-'lf .0' ..( / 1.100
~,.§ 4S0 / "7 ~ ~ / -.. . . :::,.:--- -L ~ .
a>
E

-
'i:J'lf 0 \... ---""""'t-.
/'" r-- ........ ,...::.../
1.050
~'i:J )<..... / / ~ ~ ""/$ 1.000 2:-
'If
:.o~V ~~.;§ / / V ......... 7' - / ", / V "'·
-
~~.::.. 400 ~ -r-.. /. "0

~
~ &'If Q0 ~f-=- / / r ......... / ::-r-r: ::::--.. / . ..............r-../ - ~
.9S0 0>
-.
~

~ .....0~ / /~ 7 , .900
-L ><......::: r-- ~
-
-
OJ
~ 3S0 ............... . ,/ -........... 1 >.
_ ':: ---.: '
~
.850
/ r:;;: k ,/ I -"""""V ~f'-; V ............... , /0 ::-::=,
.800
300
30 ........
~ / / .......:::". ~
/' -:-;....
--/ r-- -Z. .......... .7S0
£"0
/ ./ 01;;:; ~ /j / ~ :---.
"7- -:, t'--....... /' .........' '.7- -,-.
~.
·E
-
- -
-....:; .700
'-........l ./ :::---.k A " :.:.&
-
:::l
250 /- "--- ~ / ' ~ ~
I
.6S0 ..c
/"--- V "~olg, V
.//1
)/
........
~ ./' 0::::::::...: ~L I """ ~ ~ a>
200 L / / ~ 1/ r--.:::::: ---,.<
"""> /' ~
·v :------- I
.600 :::l
(5
>< / .~oJo ::><...... y ..:::><-:.::: ...... "'" r---..:. ~
.5S0 (J)

150~
/" /'" ~ --"
.0
..,:,:-:-:
.500
«
-
/' :;::::,s:

wE /---
""----> ......-
/" /' - "-
2 0 / 1/ /"
.450

-
.........
/" I ../ <-......... :---......
.
~ > 1<- 'SOp ~

/" ........- .......... ~

........ ---- ------.::::
.400

- -
-..,;:;::
'><
--- ""-----
~
...... .350
....... ....,.. ....... 1........- .......... "-.......
----- ........

---
;:::'~

u...-- ...-- --- ----

"

.300
t'" :.-- .......... ~nt -----
--::-:-:-.:::-
1 ::------... ~ UPv
so '- --
",",
.- . - .. -. - -_ ._. . .... ..... - .. _- ... ... . - ..
II.
.2S0

.... .----
. _0'-- - ne
-;- ........
.. ~ .--- ~

.---" ......
--- 0- ~
. --,;.- .. --a .•
.200
:::---...
':-,
I -.:.~ :::--"'11.50'
-
••• 0 - -

I
,v .1S0
o- - .---- . ..~ .---- ._ ---- ---.- . ... _-- "'
.'

.... - ••">-..,< -'

i;"il ~ ... - . .. ___ .1. . . ____ _
-- , - ' .100
_. -.-.- ::---:::J
• . _.0 "
.-- ......
---
.
.'--'- R.O .OSO
_.-- . •• 0'

, . -.- ---_.. -..::: . -- ....:.:..: .:1-- --.. .. ."'-. ' -{: <ld -'-- ... ... ·---· i----
..
• • - _0"
__ 0' '. ~v '
.., . .000
'"
" ., . . , .. .• " . I " ,
." "' "

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric charts 301

BENZENE-METHANE SYSTEM
70
1.50 atm pressure ..,.....-,..,."""",--+ 1.400
...-+~-tl--'='t-'~"""'""""'7",",+'--t".........-it-.......,...+--,"_..................

1-+--+P-.;;.-t--/--+---+"-:~......"jd-4~+--¥--f----r- 1.350
Enthalpy datum: liquid benzene 25.0·C, 0.1249 atm
dry methane 25 .0·C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy rz,'

. 1.150
deviation to enthalpy at saturation -gs.'lJ-~ 500
~rz, . 1.100

~o<A 450
1.050
~~ 1.000
Q)
\..'*' .950 c
. o~ 400 co
..c
~v,
~ .900 1ii
E
~":J?f 350 .850
~
.800 ""0
~~~
~
OJ
.l<:
<v~ 300 .750 .......
0>
.l<:

-
.700
.650 >.
:g
.600
E
:::J
.550 ..c
Q)
.500
"5
.450 (5
en
.c
.400 ~

.350
.300
.250
.200
.150
o .100
.050
.-_, _0-
. .. , .000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

302 Psychrometric charts

BENZENE-METHANE SYSTEM
70
2.00 atm pressure 1.000

Enthalpy datum: liquid benzene 25.0·C, 0.1249 atm .950

dry methane 25.0·C, 1.00 atm .900

.850
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .800

.750

.700 a>
c
co
.J::
.650 Q)
E
.600 c:-
"0
.550 OJ
......
~
OJ
~
.500
~
.4S0 '0
'E
.400 ::J
.J::
a>
.3S0 '5
'0
tJ)
.300 .0
«
.2S0

.200

.1S0

o .100
m .OSO

.000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 303
260

BENZENE-METHANE SYSTEM 240

70
5.00 atm pressure .400

Enthalpy datum: liquid benzene 2S.0ac, 0.1249 atm .380

dry methane 2S.0ac, 1.00 atm .360

.340
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .320

.300

.280 Q)

-
c
ct!
.c
.260 Q)
E
.240 ~
"C
.220 0>
80 -....
~
0>
~
.200
~
.180 ii
'E::J
40 .160
.c
Q)
.140 :;
20 '0
(/)
.120 .0
<{

.100

.080

-20 .060

.040

.020
·40
.000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

304 Psychrometric charts

TOLUENE-METHANE SYSTEM
60
0.80 atm pressure .680
.660
Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O·C, 0.00893 atm · .640
dry methane O.O·C, 1.00 atm ~ .620
.600
.580
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
.560
deviation to enthalpy at saturation
.540
.520
.500
.480 <1l
c:
.460 ell
.!:
.440 ai
.420 E
.400 ~
"0
.380 Cl
.360 ......
..l<:
Cl
..l<:
.340
.320 Z,
.300 '6
.280 'E
:::J
· .260 ..c:
<1l
.240 "5
.220 (5
(/)
.0
.200
«
.180
.160
.140
.120
.100
.080
20 .060
.040
· .020
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)

 Psychrometric charts 305

TOLUENE-METHANE SYSTEM
60
1.00 atm pressure ~~~~-+-+~~~~~~~~~~~~.500

~~++~~~+-~~~~~--~~+---~~.480
Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O°C, 0.00893 atm
~-+~-r~*---~~~-~~+-~~~~~--~. 460
dry methane O.O°C, 1.00 atm
r+--~=-~~r-~---+'~~~+-~~++--~+-4 .440
260
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy ~~~~~~~~~ __~--~--~~~r+--A-~~.420
deviation to enthalpy at saturation /-r~~~'A~~~+--h~d-~~~~-t~~~~~.400

/-~~~~~~~-+--A-~~~~~--~~~~~~. 380

r+~~~~~~~~~~~--~~~~--~=-+-~~~.360

~~~~~~~~~~~~~-+--~~d-~~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~~d-~. 120

~~~~~~~-+~~--~~~~~~~~--~~~~--~--~~F--4~~~~~+-~~~~~~~~ .100

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-+~~~~~~~~+---~~--~--~~~~~~+-~~~.080
20 ~~~T-~~~~~~~~~-±~~~~~~~---+~~~~~~~---P~~--~~~~~~~~~h--+--~~~~~-+. 060

o §~~~~tmtte~~'040 .020
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)

306 Psychrometric charts

TOLUENE-METHANE SYSTEM
60
1.20 atm pressure .400

Enthalpy datum : liquid toluene O.O°C, 0.00893 atm .380

dry methane O.O°C, 1.00 atm .360

.340
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .320

.300

.280 C1l
c:
en
..c::
.260 Q3
E
.240 C!:-
"0
C)
.220 ~
"OJ
~
.200
>-
.t =
.180 "0
'E
.160 :::l
..c::
C1l
.140 "5
"0
IJ)
.120 .0
<!
.100

.080
20
.060

.040

.020
o
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature Cc)

 Psychrometric chans 307
260

TOLUENE-METHANE SYSTEM
60
1.50 atm pressure .320

Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene o.oce, 0.00893 atm .300

dry methane o.oce, 1.00 atm
.2BO
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .260

.240

<1l

-
.220 c
<tl
.c
<1l
.200 E
~
"0
.1BO 0'1
.:x

.160
---0'1
.:x

~
.140 '5
'E

-
:::J
..c
.120 <1l
:::J
(5
.100 en
.0
c::x::
.OBO

.060

.040

.020
o
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ("C)

308 Psychrometric charts 240

TOLUENE-METHANE SYSTEM
2.00 atm pressure
.250
Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O°C, 0.00893 atm
.240
dry methane O.O°C, 1.00 atm
.230
.220
To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy
deviation to enthalpy at saturation .210
.200
.190
(l)
.180 c:
en
.170 ..c::
Q)
.160 E
C!'
.150 "0

--en
C>
.140 ~

~
.130
.120 ~
'6
.110 'E

-
::J
.100 ..c::
(l)
.090 ::J
(5
.080 II)
.0
.070
«
.060
.050
10 .040
.030
.020
.010
.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature ('C)

 Psychrometric charts 309

TOLUENE-METHANE SYSTEM
5.00 atm pressure

Enthalpy datum: liquid toluene O.O·C, 0.00893 atm

.110
dry methane O.O·C, 1.00 atm

To obtain true enthalpy add enthalpy .100

deviation to enthalpy at saturation

.090

Q)

-
c
.080 ctS
.c
Q)
E
.070 ~
"C
Ol
-..
~
Ol
~
.060
~
'5
.050 'E
::J
.c
Q)
:5
.040 a
(J)
..c
«
.030

o .020

.010

.000
o 10 20 30 40 50 60

Dry bulb temperature CC)


References
Battino, R. (1981) Solubility Data Series - Volume 7 - Oxygen and
Ozone, Pergamon Press, Oxford
Battino, R. (1982) Solubility Data Series - Volume 10 - Nitrogen
and Air, Pergamon Press, Oxford
Beaton, C.F. and Hewitt, G.F. (1989) Physical Property Data for
the Design Engineer, Hemisphere Publishing Company, New
York
Brugge, H.B., Yurttas, L., Holste, J.C. and Hall, K.R, (1989)
Comparison of methods for calculating third virial coefficients:
application to binary mixtures of CO2 with N2 , CH4 and C2H6 •.
Fluid Phase Equilibria 51, 187-96
Cargill, R.W. (1990) Solubility Data Series - Volume 43 - Carbon
Monoxide, Pergamon Press, Oxford
Clever, H.L. (1979) Solubility Data Series - Volume 1 - Helium and
Neon, Pergamon Press, Oxford
Clever, H.L. (1980) Solubility Data Series - Volume 4 - Argon,
Pergamon Press, Oxford
ChemStations (1995) ChemCAD III ChemStations Inc., Houston,
Texas
ESDU (1974) Thermodynamic properties of toluene, Engineering
Sciences Data Unit International, London, Item Number 74024
ESDU (1975) Heat capacity and enthalpy of liquids: I : aromatic
hydrocarbons, Engineering Sciences Data Unit I.nternational,
London, Item Number 75015
ESDU (1976) Heat capacity and enthalpy of liquids: aliphatic
alcohols, Engineering Sciences Data Unit International, London,
Item Number 76010
ESDU (1979) Heat capacity and enthalpy of liquids: II :
halogenated methanes, Engineering Sciences Data Unit
International, London, Item Number 79028
ESDU (1981) Heat capacity and enthalpy of liquids: Aliphatic
ketones, Engineering Sciences Data Unit International, London,
Item Number 81030
ESDU (1984) Vapour pressure and critical points of liquids: Part
1 A : C] to C7 alkanes, Engineering Sciences Data Unit
International, London, Item Number 84022
ESDU (1986) Heat capacity and enthalpy of liquids: Alkanes,
Engineering Sciences Data Unit International, London, Item
Number 86007
ESDU (1987) Orthobaric densities and molar volumes of liquids:
Part lA: C] to CI8 alkanes, Engineering Sciences Data Unit
International, London, Item Number 87010
ESDU (1988) Vapour pressure and critical points of liquids: C] to
C6, Engineering Sciences Data Unit International, London, Item
Number 88005
ESDU (1989a) Orthobaric densities and molar volumes of liquids:
aromatic hydrocarbons, Engineering Sciences Data Unit
International, London, Item Number 89019
ESDU (1989b) Orthobaric densities and molar volumes of liquids:
alcohols' , Engineering Sciences Data Unit International, London,
Item Number 89037
ESDU (1990) Vapour pressure and critical points of liquids:
halogenated methanes, Engineering Sciences Data Unit
International, London, Item Number 90015
Fogg, P.G.T. (1992) Solubility Data Series - Volume 50 - Carbon
dioxide in non-aqueous solvents at pressures less than 200 kPa,
Pergamon Press, Oxford
Fogg, P.G.T. and Gerrard W., (1991), Solubility of gases in liquids:
a critical evaluation of gaslliquid systems in theory and

practice, John Wiley and Sons, New York
Hayduk, W., (1982), Solubility Data Series - Volume 9 - Ethane,
Pergamon Press, Oxford
Hayduk, W., (1986), Solubility Data Series - Volume 24 - Propane,
butane and 2-methylpropane, Pergamon Press, Oxford
Hyland, RW. and Wexler, A. (1983a) Formulations for the
thermodynamic properties of dry air from 173.15 K to 473.15
K, and of saturated moist air from 173.15 K to 372.15 K at
pressure to 5 MPa. ASHRAE Transactions 89(2A),520-35
Hyland, RW. and Wexler, A. (1983b) Formulations for the
thermodynamic properties of the saturated phases of H20 from
173.15 K to 372.15 K at pressure to 5 MPa. ASHRAE
Transactions 89(2A), 500-19
Keenan, J.H., Keyes, F.G., Hill, P.G. and Moore, J.G. (1978) Steam
Tables Thermodynamic properties of Water Including Vapour,
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Kell, G.S. (1975), Density, thermal expansivity, and compressibility
of liquid water from 0 0 to 150°C: correlations and tables for
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1968 temperature scale', Journal of Chemical Engineering Data
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Kertes, A.S. (1987) Solubility Data Series - Volume 27128 -
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Lee, B.I. and Kesler, M.G. (1975) A generalised thermodynamic
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McGowan, J.e. (1980) Isothermal compressibility of liquids, in
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Morrison, D. and Owen, T. (1988) The Planetary System, Sddison-
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 30°C to 120°C 61
3.00 atm ooe to 50°C 62
30°C to 120°C 63
4.00 atm ooe to 50°C 64
Index of Psychrometric Charts 30°C to 120°C 65
5.00 atm ooe to 50°C 66
30°C to 120°C 67
6.00 atm ooe to 50°C 68
30°C to 120°C 69
8.00 atm ooe to 50°C 70
Water-Air 0.50 atm ooe to 50°C 36 30°C to 120°C 71
30°C to 120°C 37 10.00 atm ooe to 50°C 72
0.80 atm ooe to 50°C 38 30°C to 120°C 73
30°C to 120°C 39 Water-Nitrogen 0.80 atm ooe to 50°C 74
0.90 atm ooe to 50°C 40 30°C to 120°C 75
30°C to 120°C 41 1.00 atm ooe to 50°C 76
0.95 atm ooe to 50°C 42 30°C to 120°C 77
30°C to 120°C 43 1.10 atm ooe to 50°C 78
1.00 atm ooe to 50°C 44 30°C to 120°C 79
30°C to 120°C 45 1.20 atm ooe to 50°C 80
1.05 atm ooe to 50°C 46 30°C to 120°C 81
30°C to 120°C 47 1.50 atm ooe to 50°C 82
1.10 atm ooe to 50°C 48 30°C to 120°C 83
30°C to 120°C 49 2.00 atm ooe to 50°C 84
1.20 atm ooe to 50°C 50 30°C to 120°C 85
30°C to 120°C 51 3.00 atm ooe to 50°C 86
1.40 atm ooe to 50°C 52 30°C to 120°C 87
30°C to 120°C 53 4.00 atm ooe to 50°C 88
1.60 atm ooe to 50°C 54 30°C to 120°C 89
30°C to 120°C 55 5.00 atm ooe to 50°C 90
1.80 atm ooe to 50°C 56 30°C to 120°C 91
30°C to 120°C 57 8.00 atm ooe to 50°C 92
2.00 atm ooe to 50°C 58 30°C to 120°C 93
30°C to 120°C 59 10.00 atm ooe to 50°C 94
2.50· atm ooe to 50°C 60 30°C to 120°C 95
 Index of Psychrometric Charts 3/3

Water-Methane 0.80 atm ooe to 50°C 96 Water-21 % CO2 / 79 % N2 0.80 atm ooe to 50°C 132
30°C to 120°C 97 30°C to 120°C 133
1.00 atm ooe to 50°C 98 1.00 atm ooe to 50°C 134
30°C to 120°C 99 30°C to 120°C 135
1.20 atm ooe to 50°C 100 1.20 atm ooe to 50°C 136
30°C to 120°C 101 30°C to 120°C 137
1.50 atm ooe to 50°C 102 1.50 atm ooe to 50°C 138
30°C to 120°C 103 30°C to 120°C 139
2.00 atm ooe to 50°C 104 2.00 atm ooe to 50°C 140
30°C to 120°C 105 30°C to 120°C 141
3.00 atm ooe to 50°C 106 3.00 atm ooe to 50°C 142
30°C to 120°C 107 4.00 atm ooe to 50°C 143
4.00 atm ooe to 50°C 108 5.00 atm ooe to 50°C 144
30°C to 120°C 109 30°C to 120°C 145
5.00 atm ooe to 50°C 110 Water-lO % eo2 / 90 % N2 0.80 atm ooe to 50°C 146
30°C to 120°C 111 30°C to 120°C 147
10.00 atm ooe to 50°C 112 1.00 atm ooe to 50°C 148
30°C to 120°C 113 30°C to 120°C 149
Water-Helium 1.00 atm ooe to 50°C 114 1.20 atm ooe to 50°C 150
30°C to 120°C 115 30°C to 120°C 151
2.00 atm ooe to 50°C 116 1.50 atm ooe to 50°C 152
30°C to 120°C 117 30°C to 120°C 153
5.00 atm ooe to 50°C 118 2.00 atm ooe to 50°C 154
30°C to 120°C 119 30°C to 120°C 155
Water-Neon 1.00 atm ooe to 50°C 120 3.00 atm ooe to 50°C 156
30°C to 120°C 121 4.00 atm ooe to 50°C 157
2.00 atm ooe to 50°C 122 5.00 atm ooe to 50°C 158
30°C to 120°C 123 30°C to 120°C 159
5.00 atm ooe to 50°C 124 Water-Natural Gas A 0.80 atm ooe to 60°C 160
30°C to 120°C 125 1.00 atm ooe to 60°C 161
Water-Argon 1.00 atm ooe to 50°C 126 1.20 atm ooe to 60°C 162
30°C to 120°C 127 1.50 atm ooe to 60°C 163
2.00 atm ooe to 50°C 128 2.00 atm ooe to 60°C 164
30°C to 120°C 129 5.00 atm ooe to 60°C 165
5.00 atm ooe to 50°C 130 Water-Natural Gas B 0.80 atm ooe to 60°C 166
30°C to 120°C 131 1.00 atm ooe to 60°C 167
314 Index of psychrometric charts

1.20 atm ooe to 60°C 168 1.20 atm -10°C to 40°C 204
1.50 atm ooe to 60°C 169 1.50 atm -10°C to 40°C 205
2.00 atm ooe to 60°C 170 2.00 atm -10°C to 40°C 206
5.00 atm ooe to 60°C 171 5.00 atm -10°C to 40°C 207
Water-Martian Atmosphere 0.80 atm ooe to 60°C 172 Ethanol-Air 0.80 atm ooe to 60°C 208
1.00 atm ooe to 60°C 173 1.00 atm ooe to 60°C 209
1.20 atm ooe to 60°C 174 1.20 atm ooe to 60°C 210
1.50 atm ooe to 60°C 175 1.50 atm ooe to 60°C 211
2.00 atm ooe to 60°C 176 2.00 atm ooe to 60°C 212
5.00 atm ooe to 60°C 177 5.00 atm ooe to 60°C 213
n-Pentane-Air 0.80 atm -30°C to 30°C 178 n-Propanol-Air 0.80 atm ooe to 60°C 214
1.00 atm -30°C to 30°C 179 1.00 atm ooe to 60°C 215
1.20 atm -30°C to 30°C 180 1.20 atm ooe to 60°C 216
1.50 atm -30°C to 30°C 181 1.50 atm ooe to 60°C 217
2.00 atm -30°C to 30°C 182 2.00 atm ooe to 60°C 218
5.00 atm -30°C to 30°C 183 5.00 atm ooe to 60°C 219
n-Hexane-Air 0.80 atm ooe to 60°C 184 n-Butanol-Air 0.80 atm ooe to 60°C 220
1.00 atm ooe to 60°C 185 1.00 atm ooe to 60°C 221
1.20 atm ooe to 60°C, 186 1.20 atm ooe to 60°C 222
1.50 atm ooe to 60°C 187 1.50 atm ooe to 60°C 223
2.00 atm ooe to 60°C 188 2.00 atm ooe to 60°C 224
5.00 atm ooe to 60°C 189 5.00 atm ooe to 60°C 225
n-Heptane-Air 0.80 atm ooe to 60°C 190 Acetone-Air 0.80 atm -10°C to 40°C 226
1.00 atm ooe to 60°C 191 1.00 atm -10°C to 40°C 227
1.20 atm ooe to 60°C 192 1.50 atm -10°C to 40°C 228
1.50 atm ooe to 60°C 193 2.00 atm -10°C to 40°C 229
2.00 atm ooe to 60°C 194 5.00 atm -10°C to 40°C 230
5.00 atm ooe to 60°C 195 1.00 atm 20°C to 70°C 231
n-Octane-Air 0.80 atm ooe to 50°C 196 1.50 atm 20°C to 70°C 232
1.00 atm ooe to 50°C 197 2.00 atm 20°C to 70°C 233
1.20 atm ooe to 50°C 198 5.00 atm 20°C to 70°C 234
1.50 atm ooe to 50°C 199 Benzene-Air 0.80 atm 10°C to 70°C 235
2.00 atm ooe to 50°C 200 1.00 atm 10°C to 70°C 236
5.00 atm ooe to 50°C 201 40°C to 100°C 237
Methanol-Air 0.80 atm -10°C to 40°C 202 1.50 atm 10°C to 70°C 238
1.00 atm -10°C to 40°C 203 40°C to 100°C 239
 Index of Psychrometric Charts 315

2.00 atm lOoC to 70°C 240 1.20 atm lOoC to 70°C 276
40°C to lOO°C 241 1.50 atm lOoC to 70°C 277
5.00 atm lOoC to 70°C 242 2.00 atm 10°C to 70°C 278
40°C to lOO°C 243 5.00 atm lOoC to 70°C 279
Toluene-Air 0.80 atm O°C to 50°C 244 Toluene-Nitrogen 0.80 atm O°C to 60°C 280
30°C to 90°C 245 1.00 atm O°C to 60°C 281
1.00 atm O°C to 50°C 246 1.20 atm O°C to 60°C 282
30°C to 90°C 247 1.50 atm O°C to 60°C 283
1.20 atm O°C to 50°C 248 2.00 atm O°C to 60°C 284
30°C to 90°C 249 5.00 atm O°C to 60°C 285
1.50 atm O°C to 50°C 250 n-Pentane-Methane 0.80 atm lOoC to 80°C 286
30°C to 90°C 251 1.00 atm lOoC to 80°C 287
2.00 atm O°C to 50°C 252 1.20 atm lOoC to 80°C 288
30°C to 90°C 253 1.50 atm lOoC to 80°C 289
5.00 atm O°C to 50°C 254 2.00 atm lOOC to 80°C 290
30°C to 90°C 255 5.00 atm lOoC to 80°C 291
Carbon Tetrachloride-Air 0.80 atm O°C to 60°C 256 n-Hexane-Methane 0.80 atm lOoC to 60°C 292
1.00 atm O°C to 60°C 257 1.00 atm lOoC to 60°C 293
1.20 atm O°C to 60°C 258 1.20 atm lOoC to 60°C 294
1.50 atm O°C to 60°C 259 1.50 atm lOoC to 60°C 295
2.00 atm O°C to 60°C 260 2.00 atm lOOC to 60°C 296
5.00 atm O°C to 60°C 261 5.00 atm lOOC to 60°C 297
Diethyl Ether-Air 0.80 atm -40°C to 20°C 262 Benzene-Methane 0.80 atm lOoC to 70°C 298
1.00 atm -40°C to 20°C 263 1.00 atm lOoC to 70°C 299
1.20 atm -40°C to 20°C 264 1.20 atm lOoC to 70°C 300
1.50 atm -40°C to 20°C 265 1.50 atm 10°C to 70°C 301
2.00 atm -40°C to 20°C 266 2.00 atm lOoC to 70°C 302
5.00 atm -40°C to 20°C 267 5.00 atm lOoC to 70°C 303
Acetone-Nitrogen 0.80 atm -lOoC to 50°C 268 Toluene-Methane 0.80 atm O°C to 60°C 304
1.00 atm -lOoC to 50°C 269 1.00 atm O°C to 60°C 305
1.20 atm -lOoC to 50°C 270 1.20 atm O°C to 60°C 306
1.50 atm -lOoC to 50°C 271 1.50 atm O°C to 60°C 307
2.00 atm -lOoC to 50°C 272 2.00 atm O°C to 60°C 308
5.00 atm -10°C to 50°C 273 5.00 atm O°C to 60°C 309
Benzene-Nitrogen 0.80 atm lOoC to 70°C 274
1.00 atm lOoC to 70°C 275
 Humidity ratio, see Absolute humidity

Interpolation 8
Isothermal compressibility 11-2, 25-6
Index
Latent heat of vaporization 28-9

Moisture content, see Absolute humidity

Molal humidity 2
Molar volume 11-2, 27-8
Absolute humidity 2 Molecular weights 19-21
Accentric factors 19-21
Adiabatic saturation temperature 4, 14-5 Partial pressure 1
Air Percentage humidity 2
composition 19 Postscript 17
second virial coefficients 21-2 Pseudocritical compressibility factor 20-1
third virial coefficients 24 Pseudocritical pressure 20-1
Pseudocritical temperature 20-1
Composition Pseudocritical volume 20-1
air 19
COiN2 mixture 19 Relative humidity 2, 13
natural gas 19
Martian atmosphere 19 Saturation curve 6, 11
Critical points 19-21 Second virial coefficient 10, 21-2
Second virial cross coefficient 22-3
Dew point 3 Specific enthalpy 4, 14, 29-3
Dry bulb temperature 4 Specific heat, see Heat Capacity
Specific volume 4, 13
Enhancement factor 11, 13
Enthalpy datum condition 14, 34 Thermodynamic wet bulb temperature, see Adiabatic saturation
Enthalpy deviation 6, 15-6 temperature
Errors 6 Third virial coefficient 10, 23-4
Third virial cross coefficient 24-5
Heat capacity 26-7
Henry's Law constant 11-2, 31-33 Vapour pressure 1,24-25
 Index 317

Virial Equation of State 10

Water
isothermal compressibility 25-6
latent heat of vaporization 28
molar volume 27
second virial coefficient 21
specific enthalpy 29
third virial coefficient 23
vapour pressure 24
Wet bulb temperature 3, 14
see also Adiabatic saturation temperature