EXPERIMENT NO. 2 AND 1 IDENTIFICATION OF RESISTOR COLOR CODES and VERIFICATION OF OHM’S LAW Objectives: 1. To find the value of a resistor and its tolerance by color coding. 2. To measure the value of the resistor by Digital Multi-meter (DMM). 3. To verify Ohm’s law experimentally and to find the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit, Equipment: Resistors, DMM, DC power supply, bread-board, and connecting wires. Theory: Resistor values are marked onto the body of the resistor using a series of colored bands. These give the value of the resistor as well as other information including the tolerance and sometimes the temperature coefficient. The band closest to the end of the resistor body is taken to be Band 1 In case of four color bands, the first two bands are the significant figures of the value, the third band is a multiplier (number of zeros) and fourth band is the tolerance band, i.e. red black brown gold would be 2 0 x 10 + 5% or 200+5% ohms. Tolerance Value st Value Figure 2.1: 4- band resistor In case of five color bands first three bands are the significant figures of the value, the fourth band is a multiplier and fifth band is the tolerance band. Band Baxd2 Band Mallplier Televance Figure 2.2: S-band resistor Electric Circuit Analysis — 1 Page 1 of 7In case of six color bands the sixth band is the temperature coefficient band. Following tables give the values allocated to different colors to find the value of a resistor through the color bands it has on it, 4-band Resistor Color Codes: a XS raises Figure 2.3: 4- band resistor Page 2 of 7 Electric Circuit Analysis —Band Baxd2 Band Mallplier Televance a a * hite | The resistance value of the resistor is not the only thing to consider when selecting a resistor for use in a circuit. The "tolerance" and the electric power ratings of the resistor are also important. The tolerance of a resistor denotes how close it is to the actual rated resistance value. For example, a +5% tolerance would indicate a resistor that is within +5% of the specified resistance value. The power rating indicates how much power the resistor can safely tolerate. The maximum rated power of the resistor is specified in Watts. Power is calculated using the square of the current ( ) x the resistance value ( R) of the resistor. If the maximum rating of the resistor is exceeded, it will become extremely hot and even burn, Resistors in electronic circuits Electric Circuit Analysis — Page 3 of 7are typically rated 1/8W, 1/4W, and 1/2W. 1/8W is almost always used in signal circuit applications. Tolerance: (Color: None Silver Tolerance: [20% ier enn $m 5-Dond Coler Code aconn 239, 2760 tox TWaripher ‘Tolerance Teogt “Bnd Ogt Frd igh u ui 9. Temperature Fy FY et Coemiciert B 2 2 A} 3 3 5 5 5 6 6 Gl 7 7 7 8 & cy Figure 2.5: Example on how to read the resistor value through color codes Electric Circuit Analysis — Page 4 of 7