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Chapter 2 - Force Vectors Scalars and Vectors
Chapter 2 - Force Vectors Scalars and Vectors
Representation of vector
Bold R – Word Processors Book uses this.
Arrow R – Long Hand, Word Processors
Underline R – Long Hand, Typewriter, Word Processors
Magnitude of a Vector
R Book uses italics for all scalars
Types of Vectors
1). Fixed (or bound) vectors – a vector for which a unique point of
application is specified and thus cannot be moved without
modifying
the conditions of the problem.
3). Sliding vector – a vector for which a unique line in space (line of
action) must be maintained.
2). Direction
A negative vector of a given vector has same magnitude but opposite direction.
P -P
Vector Addition
The sum of 2 vectors can be obtained by attaching the 2 vectors to the
same point and constructing a parallelogram – Parallelogram law.
R
Q
R=P+Q
P
R = resultant vector
Note: The magnitude of P + Q is not usually equal to P Q .
Triangle Rule
P
Q R R Q
S S S
R1 = Q + P R = R1 + S = Q + P + S
Triangle Rule
Q Q P P S
R Q R
1 1
P R
S S
R = R1 + S = Q + P + S
R1 = Q + P
Polygon Rule – Successive applications of triangle rule.
Q
Q P
S
P R
S
P 1 P 2
P P
2 1 etc.
P P
x
5m
75 o
A
C D
3m
P = 500
T = 200 R
BD 5 sin 75
tan
AD 3 5 cos 75
48.4
Law of cosines:
c 2 a 2 b 2 2ab cos(c )
R 2 200 2 500 2 2( 200)(500) cos(48.4 )
R 396.5 N
Law of sines:
200 396.5
22.2
sin sin 48.4
R 396.5 N 22.2
2.) Given: A barge is pulled by 2 tugboats. The resultant of the forces exerted by the
tugboats is a 5000 pound force directed along the center axis of the barge.
A
1
30
B
C
2
5000
a).
45 30
T2 T1
T1 T2 5000
sin 45 sin 30 sin 105
T1 3660 lbs
T2 2590 lbs
b). 5000
30o dir of T1
Dir of T2?
Dir of T2?
Dir of T2? 60
T1 5000 cos 30 4330 lbs
T2 5000 sin 30 2500 lbs
3). Given: The vertical force F of 350 lbs acts downward at A on the two-membered
frame.
B
o
45
A
o
30
F C
Find: The magnitudes of the two components of F directed along AB and AC.
45
75
60
350 lbs
F AB 314 lbs
F AC 256 lbs