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Mos Lect2
Mos Lect2
Mos Lect2
Chapter-1
Fundamental principles of mechanics
Tensile load
Compressive load
Shear load
Torsion
Bending moments
Along the axis
Offset loading
Combined loading
On
Deformable bodies
Structural elements
Machine elements
Machines
Machine tools
Examples of Mechanical systems
Automotive vehicles: Car, bus, Truck,
Tractor.
Railway vehicles: Locomotive, Wagon,
Passenger coaches
Farm Machinery: Pumps, Thrashers,
harvester-combine planter, seeder
Furniture: Almirah, Table, Chains,
Sofas, Benches
Machine Tools: Lathe, shaper, planer,
Grinder, -- etc
Earth moving machineries
Trusses, bridges, Framework
Turbines, compressors, pumps, Engines
Mechanical systems used in industries
e.g.
1.Textile
2.Automobile
3.Farm Machinery
4.Machine Tools_______etc Aero
planes, Missiles, Satellites, defense
equipments
Newtonian Mechanics
Proportionality of force and
acceleration for a particle
All velocities are small compared with
the speed of light
Deals in engineering the cases of no
acceleration when there is no unbalanced
force.
Permits to determine/ predict the
motion and deformation if the forces are
known and vice versa
Analysis of Mechanical systems
Study of forces
(Tensile, Compressive, Shear, Torque, Moments)
Study of motion
(Straight, curvilinear, displacement,
velocity,acceleration.)
•Gross overall changes in position with time
• Local distortion of shape
e.g. Piston – crank – connecting rod
Mechanism in automobile engine
Study of deformation
(Elongation, compression, twisting)
Application of laws relating the forces to
the deformation
Step-By-Step procedure to solve problems in
mechanics of solids.
Select actual/real system of interest.
Make assumptions regarding desired characteristics
of the system
Develop idealized model of the system
(Structural and Machine elements)
Apply principles of mechanics to the idealized
model to compare these calculated results with the
behaviour of the actual system
If the results (calculated and actual) differ
widely repeat above steps till satisfactory
idealized model is obtained.
Idealizing assumption about isolated
system
External forces
Constraint forces
Internal forces
Force Interaction
Effect of force interaction
They tend to alter the motion of the system involved
B B
A F
A
F
Moments force
The moment of a force is a measure of its tendency to rotate an
object about some point.
The physical significance of a moment will be discussed later. We
begin by stating the mathematical definition of the moment of a
force about a point.
The moment of force:
Moment = rF
The moment itself is a vector quantity.
Its direction is perpendicular to the
plane determined by op and f.
The sense is fixed by the right hand rule
the magnitude of the cross product r F
= f r sin.
Where r sin is the perpendicular distance
between point o and vector F.
And f is the magnitude of the force
With several forces, total moment or
torque about a fixed-point o
r1×F1 + r2 ×F2 + ----------rn×Fn = ri ×Fj
Thus,
Moment of a force =Force x perpendicular
distance of the pivot from the force
Unit- Nm
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