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WA0005 Converted 1
WA0005 Converted 1
HEAT ENGINES
Non-renewal energy sources, like coal, Renewal energy sources are replenished
nuclear, oil, and natural gas, are available naturally and over relatively short periods
in limited supplies. This is usually due to of time.
the long time it takes for them to be Biomas
replenished.
Fossil fuels
ENGINE
An engine or motor is machine
designed to convert one form
of energy into mechanical energy
The brothers built a copy of the Lenoir engine and applied for a patent in January
1861 for a liquid fueled engine based on the Lenoir (Gas) engine with the Prussian
Ministry of Commerce, but it was rejected.
Because of its reliability, its efficiency, and its relative quietness, Otto’s engine was an
immediate success.
More than 30,000 of them were built during the next 10 year
Construction of IC Engine
Valves helps the intake air and exit of the combustion products
➢ The other major components of the engine
• Cylinder, cylinder liner and cylinder head,
• Crank case and oil pan,
• Lubrication system,
• Cooling system,
• Ignition system in SI engine,
• Fuel supply system
Classification
of
I C Engines
Engines
ENGINE NOMENCLATURE -
BORE
TDC – BDC - STROKE
SWEPT VOLUME & CLEARANCE
VOLUME
➢ Firing order refers to the sequence in which the charge in the various
cylinders of a multi cylinder engine is ignited and burnt.
➢ Cylinders are ignited at the alternative ends of the crankshaft. This
enables the crankshaft to be stressed more or less uniformly along its
length.
➢When designing an engine, choosing an appropriate firing order is
critical
➢to minimizing vibration,
➢to improve engine balance and
➢achieving smooth running,
➢for long engine fatigue life and user comfort,
➢heavily influences crankshaft design.
Performance – IC Engines
Terminology
❑ Top dead center:- Farthest point of forward travel of the piston in the
cylinder.
❑ Stroke (L):- Distance between TDC and BDC, travelled by the piston in
the cylinder
❑Throw (R):- Distance between the center of the crank shaft main
bearing to the center of the crank pin or connecting rod bearing. Throw
is the half of the stroke length.
L = 2R
Terminology
❑ Clearance volume (Vc):- volume of the cylinder above the piston
when the piston is at TDC.
Indicator Diagram
Power and MEP
❑ Brake power: Actual work output available at the crank shaft
and is termed so because it can be obtained by absorbing the power
output by means of brake.
The man effective pressure sometimes defined with respect to brake power,
as below
Power and MEP
Friction Power
1. Compression ratio
2. Engine speed
3. Loads
4. Mixture strength
5. Nature of fuel