Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LRS Annexure
LRS Annexure
LRS Annexure
For
Udupi Power Corporation Ltd.
(A Subsidiary of Adani Power Limited), Padubidri, Udupi, Karnataka
December 2016
For
Udupi Power Corporation Ltd.
(A Subsidiary of Adani Power Limited), Padubidri, Udupi, Karnataka
December 2016
Project Personnel - NEERI
Component Functional Area Expert Team Member/
(QCI/NABET) / Project Assistants
Scientific Staff
Air Environment
Meteorology, Air Quality Dr. S.K. Goyal Mr. Pradip Jadhao
Monitoring & Prediction (AQ) Ms. Poonam Mandape
Mr. Sunny Sahare
Air Pollution Monitoring Dr. S.K. Goyal Ms. Snehal Bhagwat
Prevention and Control (AP) Mr. Ankur Khare
Mr. Amey Panke
Noise Environment
Noise & Vibration (NV) Dr. Parikshit Verma Mr. Shubhankar Khare
Water Environment
Water Pollution Monitoring, Dr. Sunita Shastry Ms. Mayuri Shivankar
Prevention Control (WP) Mr. Y.J. Baseshankar Ms. Ashwini Wankhede
Mr. Kiran Bawaskar
Ms. Rupa Roy
Mr. Pradip Jadhao
Land Environment
Land-use (LU) Dr. Harshvardhan Singh Mr. Amit Mishra
Mr. Ritesh Vijay Mr. Padeep Jadhao
Dr. Raghuvanshi Ram Ms. Rama Prajapati
Ms. Rakhi Nikhade Ms. Rupa Roy
Solid Hazardous Waste Dr. M.P. Patil Mr. Pradip Jadhao
Management (SHW) Dr. Ganesh Kale
Biological Environment
Ecology and Biodiversity (EB) Dr. L.N. Sangolkar Ms. Pooja Fulwadhani
Dr. Kanchan Kumari
Dr. Shalini Dhyani
Dr. Sharda Kosankar
Socio-economic
Socio-economic Aspects (SE) Dr. S.K. Goyal Mr. Anil Shende
Mr. Sanjay Bodhale
Risk Assessment (RA) Dr. S.K. Goyal Mr. Sagar Karande
Project Leader/ EIA Dr. S.K. Goyal
Coordinator
ii
Item Page No.
iii
Item Page No.
iv
Item Page No.
v
Item Page No.
vi
Item Page No.
7.4 Site Specific Wild Life Study and Conservation Plan 7.17
7.5 Risk Assessment 7.17
7.6 Public Consultation / Public Hearing 7.17
vii
Item Page No.
viii
Item Page No.
ix
Item Page No.
x
List of Plates
xi
List of Figures
2.1 Location of Existing and Proposed Units of UPCL with Ash Pond
and Water Intake and Outfall Pipeline 2.3
2.2 Layout of Existing (2x600 MW) and Proposed (2x800 MW) Power
Plant 2.3
xii
Figure No. Title Page No.
4.4.2 Isopleths Showing Predicted Level of SO2 under Future Scenario 4.17
4.4.3 Isopleths Showing Predicted Level of NO2 under Future Scenario 4.17
4.5.2 Proposed Intake and Outfall Location for 2x600 MW and 2x800 MW
on Bathymetry Chart as recommended by CSIR-NIO, GOA 4.36
xiii
List of Tables
Table No. Title Page No.
xiv
Table No. Title Page No.
xv
Table No. Title Page No.
xvi
Table No. Title Page No.
xvii
Table No. Title Page No.
xviii
LIST OF ANNEXURES
Annexure-2 Compliance Certificate for Existing EC and CTO from RO-MoEF&CC and RO- 33
SPCB
Annexure-3 Status of court cases 5
xix
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Executive Summary
1.0 Introduction
M/s. Udupi Power Corporation Limited (UPCL), a subsidiary of Adani Power
Limited (APL), has established a 2x600 MW coal based power plant which is located in
notified industrial area at villages Yelluru and Santhuru, Taluk Udupi, District Udupi,
Karnataka state. These existing units of 2x600 MW of UPCL use 100% imported coal
and are in operation since November 2010 and August 2012 respectively.
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for expansion of existing power plant
has been signed between State Government of Karnataka and M/s UPCL. Hence the
Company has proposed expansion of 1200 MW (2x600 MW – Sub Critical units in
Phase-I) coal based power plant to 2800 MW by addition of 1600 MW (2x800 MW –
Ultra Super critical units in Phase-II) at the land adjacent to the existing power plant.
After expansion, power generated by the project is envisaged to be mainly supplied to
the Karnataka state that will support to meet the increasing power requirements for the
state.
As per the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th
September 2006 read with amendments, the proposed thermal power plant project
falls under ‘Category A’ with project or activity type number ‘1(d)’, which requires prior
EIA for Environmental Clearance (EC) from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Govt. of India.
M/s. UPCL has obtained the Terms of Reference from MoEF&CC for EIA of
proposed 2x800 MW units. Hence, UPCL approached CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur to
conduct the EIA study for the purpose.
The present EIA report addresses the environmental impacts of the
proposed power plant and suggests mitigation measures, environmental management
plan along with environmental monitoring program. The EIA report is prepared based
on the ToR issued by MoEF&CC, vide letter no. J-13012/12/2015-IA (T), dated 13,
August 2015.
In line with the conditions of TOR granted by MoEF&CC, public hearing for
the proposed project was organized by Karnataka State Pollution Control Board
(KSPCB) on 10th November 2016. Response to issues raised in the public hearing
and written representations are summarized in this final EIA report.
2.0 Project Description
Existing Phase-I of 2x600 MW was developed with commissioning of I st Unit
on 11 November 2010 and 2nd Unit on 19th August 2012. In Phase II, two units of 800
th
E-1
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
handling plants, water treatment plant, cooling water system, Electrostatic Precipitators
(ESPs), low NOx burners, Selective Catalytic Reduction, Flue Gas Desulphurization
units (FGDs) and online stack monitoring system etc. will form part of the total
installation. The estimated cost of the project is about Rs.1150000 lacs. (11500.00
Cr.)
E-2
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
received from Ministry of Coal, imported coal mainly from Australia and Indonesia will
be used for 2x800 MW units. In either case, Ash content in the coal mix shall be
maximum 25 percent and Sulphur content maximum 0.5 percent. The company is
already having dedicated railway siding connected with Konkan railway from Nandikur
railway station to plant. For existing 2x600 MW units, coal is handled at dedicated
berth at New Mangalore Port Trust (NMPT) Mangalore. From NMPT, it is transported
to the plant through Konkan railway line up to Nandikur railway station and then taken
into plant through dedicated railway siding from Nandikur railway station. For proposed
2x800 MW units, Coal transportation route is proposed to be the same as existing
from NMPT to Nandikur railway Station and railway siding from Nandikur railway
station to the plant. However, route of railway siding within the plant shall be extended
to cater for proposed 2x800 MW project also. For extension of the railway siding route
within plant boundary and coal yard, additional land shall be required.
The boiler will be designed for cold start-up and initial warm-up will be done
using Light Distillate Oil (LDO) and coal flame stabilization with High Speed Diesel
(HSD). HSD/LDO will be received to the proposed plant by means of the road tankers.
2.1.4 Power Evacuation
The existing Phase-I power plant has 2X600 MW units in operation and
power is being evacuated through 400 kV outdoor switchyard to Hassan Substation of
PGCIL through double circuit and also through 400/220 kV interconnecting transformer
to 220 kV switchyard to feed Kemmar substation. The existing 400 kV switchyard will
be extended at bus level to evacuate power from the proposed power plant.
As the existing lines cannot evacuate power from the proposed units, new
400 kV lines shall be planned. It is noted from the minutes of Southern Region Power
Committee that CEA, PGCIL & KPCL have plans to establish 400 kV lines from UPCL
switchyard to Kasaragod substation of PGCIL. This shall be explored further to firm up
power evacuation arrangement of the proposed units. The proposed switchyard will be
interconnected with existing 400 kV switchyard by extending the bus. Transmissions
project shall be an independent project as per approvals from State Government for
connectivity and detailed survey of line alignment.
2.1.5 Manpower
The proposed power plant will require skilled and semi-skilled personnel
during construction and operational phase. Many people in and around neighbouring
villages will get direct and indirect opportunity for employment and livelihood
generation during construction and operational phase. The total direct manpower
requirement of the project during operation period is estimated to be about 350
persons. Further, about 1500 personnel will be engaged during construction phase.
E-3
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
E-4
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
E-5
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
available potassium were found to be in the range of 0.1-1.6 %, 38-188 kg/ha, 4-42
kg/ha and 14-173 kg/ha respectively, which shows that the soils are poor to fertile
w.r.t. organic carbon content.
Land use Pattern
As per 2011 Census records, land use pattern in different villages falling
within 10 km radial distance from the project site has been classified under the
following categories:
x Forest Area
x Area under Non-Agricultural Uses
x Barren & Un-cultivable Land Area
x Permanent Pastures and Other Grazing Land Area
x Land under Miscellaneous Tree Crops etc. Area
x Culturable Waste Land Area
x Fallows Land other than Current Fallows
x Current Fallows Area
x Total Un-irrigated Land Area
x Area Irrigated by Source
Out of the total area, as much as 89.55% area falls under Udupi district and
remaining 10.45% in Dakshin Kannada district. Major part of the study area is
dominated by forest area (2.69%) followed by 23.63% of total unirrigated land area.
Total irrigated area and total culturable waste land area is 13.62 % and 12.03%
respectively. Barren and un-cultivable lands is confined to 3.28%, whereas area under
non agricultural uses is 10.86%. The study area is covered with 8.47% permanent
pasture and other grazing land of the total land area.
3.2.5 Flora and Fauna
As per Working Plan of Coondapur (Kundapur) Forest Division (from 2002-
03 to 2012-13), the Udupi range in Kundapur Forest Division is having 1069.35 ha
under Reserve Forest and 92.8 ha under Protected Forest Only Pilarkhan Reserve
Forest (RF) of Udupi Range of Kundapur Forest Division falls in the 10 km study area
from the proposed project. Due to the presence of various villages and habituated
roads and areas, this RF is disconnected from other RFs and PFs on Northern and
Western boundary of Kundapur Forest Division, that is touching the Western Ghats.
Total 31 locations were identified to study the ecology and biodiversity of the
area of villages and Pilarkhan Reserve Forest in 10 km radius of the proposed
expansion site. In Pilarkhan RF which is spread in an area of 124.32 ha, mammals like
Indian wild boar (Susse rofa), Indian wild dog (Cuonal pinus) and Jackal (Canis
avreus) are reported to be present as per information gathered from nearby villagers.
Leopard (Panthera pardus), Gaur or Indian Bison (Bos gaurus) are migrants or visitors
E-6
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
to Pilarkhan RF as per the information gathered from Range forest officer. However,
no mammals, ungulates, rodents were observed by NEERI team during the survey in
the study area. It will be desirable to conduct a confirmatory study separately and Wild
Life Management Plan should be prepared before start of the construction of the
project in consultation with Divisional Forest Office if any Schedule – I, Schedule –II or
any endangered species is reported/found in the area.
Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts harbors about 366 bird species (Bhat
R. Harish, 2009). The birds observed during primary data collection survey were Black
kite (Milvus migrans), Blue tailed bee eater (Merops philippinus), Pond heron (Ardeola
grayii), Greater ratchet tailed drongo (Dicrurus paradiseus), Red-Wattled Lapwing
(Vanellus indicus), Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) etc.
3.2.6 Socio-Economic Details
The study was carried out with a participatory approach by involving the
stakeholders, particularly the project beneficiaries and probable affected persons
through a series of consultative process. The population groups that were consulted
include beneficiary group of people in the project influence area, particularly the
Shopkeepers, Farmers, School Teachers, Gram Panchayat Sarpanch/Members and
Village Leaders etc. This has helped to know the exact situation and views of the
people about the project.
Details regarding the existing scenario have been analysed with relevant
socio-economic data from secondary sources such as latest Census record (2011),
District Census Handbook 2011 and Town Directory 2011. There are total 32 villages
falling in the study area which include three towns. Socio-economic survey was
conducted in 16 villages. The 10 km radius study area constitutes Udupi and Dakshin
Kannada districts. This includes twenty villages (including 3 towns) of Udupi Tehsil, six
villages of Karkala tehsil under Udupi district and six villages in Mangalore tehsil under
Dakshin Kannada district fall in the study area.
As per 2011 Census, total population of the study area was 1,25,159, out of
which male population was 58,577 and female population was 66,582. overall literate
population was 103,338 (82.57%) and illiterate population was 21,821 (17.43%). Out
of total literates, male literates were 50,007 (48.39%) and female literates were 53,331
(51.61%). It is notable that nearly 90% of the houses were pakka with good
construction. Most of the villagers use LPG for cooking purpose. The principal crops
grown in agricultural farm were paddy, betelnut, arecanut and coconut. Toilet facility is
one of the most basic facilities required in a house. The findings of the survey show
that more than 90% of the households were having toilet facilities in their houses.
There was no proper drainage line in the villages, but soak-pit facilities were observed
in most of the villages surveyed. The overall condition of cleanliness was satisfactory.
Ground water is the major source of drinking water in the villages wherein hand
pumps, tap water and dug wells are installed. Most of the villages had education
facilities in the form of Anganwadi and Primary Schools. Higher education facilities
were available in the range of 5-10 km. Colleges and other diploma courses were
E-7
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
available at Udupi district place. Manipal University is about 30-35 km from the
proposed site.
Quality of life (QoL) indicates overall status of socio-economic environment
in a given area. Quality of life (QoL) is defined as a function between “objective
conditions” and “subjective attitudes” involving a defined “area” of concern. Village
wise subjective, objective and cumulative quality of life index is prepared. The average
QoL index value for the study area is leaning towards satisfactory level due to good
economic status like income, employment, educational facilities, medical facility and
also availability of basic needs, viz. food, clothing, and housing. The area was lacking
in employment opportunities, social security and sanitation facilities.
E-8
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
E-9
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
specific coal consumption and hence lower amount of CO 2, NOx, SO2 emission per
kWh of power generated using efficient supercritical plants.
E-10
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
E-11
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
E-12
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Detailed Socio Economic study and CSR need identification was carried out
by the Mangalore University and the suggestions made have been incorporated by
UPCL in their CSR plan with appropriate budget.
E-13
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
x Bada
x Padubidri
x Belapu
x Palimar
Welfare measures under CSR shall be extended to all the villages coming
under 10 km radius from the proposed power plant.
E-14
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
E-15
Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
area will be reclaimed through tree plantation. HDPE liners will be provided in the ash
pond in order to arrest any leaching and seepage of ash pond water into groundwater.
12.0 Conclusion
The proposed power plant may have certain level of marginal impacts on
the local environment. However, with the implementation of the proposed pollution
control and environment management measures, even the minor impacts anticipated
due to construction and operation of the proposed power plant will be mitigated.
Further, development of this project will have certain beneficial impact/effects in terms
of bridging the electrical power demand and supply gap. This will also provides
employment opportunities during construction as well as operation phase of the
project.
Thus, in view of considerable benefits from the project without any adverse
environmental impact, the proposed project is most advantageous to the region as well
as to the nation.
E-16
Chapter 1 : Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Chapter 1
Introduction
M/s. Udupi Power Corporation Limited (UPCL), a subsidiary of Adani Power
Limited (APL), has established a 2x600 MW coal based power plant which is located in
notified industrial area at villages Yelluru and Santhuru, Taluka Udupi, Dist. Udupi in
Karnataka State. These existing units of 2x600 MW of UPCL use 100% imported coal
and both the units are in operation since November 2010 and August, 2012
respectively.
M/s. UPCL has obtained the Terms of Reference (ToR) from MoEF&CC for
EIA of proposed 2x800 MW units. Hence, UPCL approached CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur to
conduct EIA study for the purpose.
1.1
Chapter 1 : Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
1.2
Chapter 1 : Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
protecting interests of consumers and other stakeholders. The policy has been framed
keeping in view availability of energy resources, technology available to exploit these
resources, economics of generation using different resources and energy security
issues. The policy also aims at overcoming the energy and peaking shortages and
ensuring the commercial viability of the electricity sector. The key development
objective of the power sector is supply of electricity to all areas including rural areas as
mandated in section 6 of the Electricity Act. Both the central government and state
government would jointly endeavor to achieve this objective at the earliest.
Consumers, particularly those who are ready to pay a tariff which reflects efficient
costs have the right to get uninterrupted twenty four hours supply of power.
Captive Generation Capacity in Industries having demand of 1MW and above, grid interactive (as on 31-
03-13) =40726 MW
Source: Executive Summary of Power Sector – March 2016 Ministry of Power, Government of India
(http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/executivesummary/2016/exe_summary-03.pdf )
1.3
Chapter 1 : Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Keeping in view the growth in demand and the gap between demand and
supply, there is a need for power generation capacity addition. With a reheat and
regenerative machine of 800 MW set size and assured availability of sufficient fuel at a
competitive price, UPCL expects to generate power at an attractive price. The
profitability can be assured if there is adequate demand for the next 25/30 years and if
power can be transmitted to potential buyers or consumers at a reasonable cost.
Energy from the proposed station shall be evacuated to the state/national grid through
400 kV / 765 kV substations within a reasonable distance from the site.
In order to narrow down the bridging gap between supply and demand,
the proposed capacity addition by 2x800 MW TPP gets justified due to projected
deficit in the Southern region.
1.4
Chapter 1 : Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
1.5
Chapter 1 : Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The site is located on the Western coast at a distance of about 6.0 km from
the sea front with latitude 13°09’35” N and longitude 74°48’00” E. The site is situated
at Yelluru village which is about 3 km from Padubidri off National Highway, NH 66
(previously known as NH 17), which connects Mangalore and Mumbai via Goa running
along the western coastline of India. The project site can be approached by state
highway connecting SH1 to Karkala town. The site is located adjacent to the new
broad gauge line of Konkan Railways connecting Mangalore to Mumbai.
The nearest airport is at Mangalore, which is about 35 km from the site. The
nearest sea port is New Mangalore Port Trust (NMPT), which is about 30 km from the
site and the nearest Railway Station is Padubidri, which is about 3 km from the site.
1.6
Chapter 1 : Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
5 km
10 km
Fig. 1.2 : Study Area Map showing 5 & 10 Km radius
As per 2011 census, there are total 29 villages and 3 town falling with in the
study area with a total population of 1,25,159, and population density of 502 persons
per sq km. Overall literacy rate is about 82.57%.
Executive Summary
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Project Description
Chapter 3: Description of the Environment
Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Sites)
1.7
Chapter 1 : Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
1.8
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Chapter 2
Project Description
2.1 Introduction
The chapter highlights the features of the proposed 1600 MW (2x800 MW)
power plant, its layout, infrastructural facilities details of the process, fuel requirement,
utilities and services. And also sources of waste generation, their quantity and pollution
control measures are highlighted.
2.1
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Location of existing and proposed power plant units with water intake &
outfall locations and ash pond area towards North-Eastern side of the plant is shown
on google map in Fig. 2.1.
2.2
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Ash pond
Main Plant
Inatke& Outfall
Fig. 2.1 : Location of Existing and Proposed Units of UPCL with Ash Pond and
Water Intake and Outfall Pipeline
Plant layout of the existing power plant along with the proposed expansion
is shown in Fig. 2.2.
Fig. 2.2: Layout of Existing (2x600 MW) and Proposed (2x800 MW) Power Plant
(Also provided in A2 as Annexure 7)
2.3
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Boundary coordinates of existing and proposed main plant, ash pond area,
railway yard/marry-go round and water intake location & outfall location are given in
Table 2.2.
Table. 2.2 : Boundary Coordinates of Existing and Proposed Main Plant, Ash
Pond Area, Railway yard/Marry-go round and Water Intake Location & Outfall
Location
Photographs showing existing power plant and site for proposed power
plant are given in Plate 2.1.
2.4
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Plate 2.1: Photographs of Existing Power Plant and site for Proposed Power
Plant
2.5
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The 10 km radius study area map showing highways, railway lines and
water bodies in the vicinity to the project site is given in Fig. 2.4. The figure indicates
that the proposed project site conforms to the prescribed guidelines in terms of
distance of 500 m from High Flood Level (HFL) of the river, highways and railway line.
Fig. 2.4: 10 km radius Study Area Map showing Highways, Railway Lines, Water
Bodies and Project Site
2.6
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Sea water intake pump and pump house for Phase-II units will be located
adjacent to the existing sea water intake pump house by suitable extension of existing
facilities. Space is available for the extension of existing sea water intake pump house
facility.
Existing pipe line corridor will be used for routing sea water pipe lines from
sea water intake pump house to the proposed power plant. Key features of the pipeline
corridor are given in Table 2.3.
Note: The existing pipe line corridor shall be used for laying the additional
pipeline for proposed expansion by 2x800 MW units. No additional land shall be
required for water pipeline corridor for expansion.
2.7
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Note : Besides, 57.09 acres has been already acquired separately by KIADB for
R&R of 2x600 MW and the vacant land available within this area shall be utilized
for R&R of proposed 2x800 MW Units.
Breakup of land utilization for main plant facilities in existing and proposed
units is given in Table 2.5.
Table 2.5 : Breakup of Land for Main Plant Facilities in Existing and Proposed
Units
Sr. Description of land for facilities in Area for existing Area for proposed
No. Main Plant area 2 x 600 MW 2 x 800 MW (Acres)
(Acres)
1 BTG area 21 (8.5 ha) 33 (13.36 ha)
2 Transformer & Switchyard 30 (12.15 ha) 20 (8.1 ha)
3 Coal Yard Facility 60 (24.3 ha) 22 (8.9 ha)
4 Water System 10 (4.05 ha) 10 (4.05 ha)
5 CW System 15 (607 ha) 25 (10.12 ha)
6 Miscellaneous Buildings 148 (59.94 ha) 6 (2.43 ha)
7 Green belt 136 (55.08 ha) 54 (21.87 ha)
Total 420 (170.25 ha) 180 (72.9 ha)
Greenbelt area shall be 1/3 (440 acres (178.2 ha)) of the total plant area of
existing and proposed plant.
2.8
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
168.10 Ac land, which is part of the total land, under 28 (4) of KIADA, Compensation
Fixation Committee chaired by District Commissioner of Udupi has fixed the
Compensation and R&R package with consent of the all project affected people of this
part of the land. Other land area is in the process of acquisition by KIADB for which
notification under section 28 (1) and 28 (3) of KIADA has been completed and R&R
package shall be fixed in similar manner by Compensation Fixation Committee. M/s
UPCL offers same Compensation and R&R package for all project affected people
from total 730 Ac land proposed for this project.
Table 2.6 : Seawater Intake Requirement for Existing and Proposed Power Plant
Description Unit Existing 2x600 MW TPP Proposed Expansion by
2x800MW TPP
Total sea water m³/hr 10000 14381
requirement
¾ This includes water ¾ This includes water
requirement for requirement for
Desalination Plant-1900 Desalination Plant-1960
3
m /hr, Cooling water make m³/hr, Cooling water make
3
up-8091 m /hr, Electro up-12412 m³/hr, Electro
3
chlorination-9 m /hr chlorination-9 m³/hr
3
Specific water m /MWh
8.33 8.9
consumption
These units have Natural draft These units are proposed with
cooling towers Induced draft cooling tower for
optimization of land
requirement (15-25% less) in
cooling tower
2.9
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Lower COC results higher CW blow down which results in more water
requirement. Adopting higher COC results lower blow down and less makeup water.
However, COC cannot be increased beyond a certain practical limit as water chemistry
would be difficult to manage/control. Adopting a COC of 1.3 and above, shall increase
the dissolved solids level 1.3 times that of CW makeup water and hence, circulating
water shall be more scale forming or corrosive depending on value of pH, temperature,
alkalinity, calcium etc. in the makeup water.
2.10
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
2.11
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
whereas for power plant less than 4000 MW (below UMPP) are required to comply
with 34% ash content condition.
For proposed plant, 6 Nos. of rake per day will be required. Total 9 nos. of
rake will be required after expansion. This will necessitate existing rapid loading
system to be operated throughout the day to meet 9 rake requirements for daily
consumption. Any breakdown in this system will interrupt coal supply to the existing
and proposed plant for regular operation. Normally, working hours and business hours
of all railway terminals are from 06:00 to 22:00 hours (reference: No. TC-
I/2005/301/7Pt.D dated 16.05.2014), working hours beyond the mentioned period will
need to be confirmed by railways. General Manager of zonal railways is empowered to
introduce the round the clock working on case to case basis after analyzing traffic
handled at railway terminal and possible improvement in wagon turn-round.
Considering above, additional loading facility along with yard will be required
at existing NMPT yard. Feasibility study to load and transport additional coal for
expansion will need to be carried out to finalize number of dedicated rakes required for
Phase-I and II together considering the traffic in the existing railway route.
The annual requirement of secondary fuel by way of LDO and HFD used for
start-up and coal flame stabilization is estimated to be around 13,000 KL/annum. The
typical characteristics of LDO and HFD are given in Table 2.9.
2.12
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The existing Phase-I power plant has 2X600 MW units in operation and
power is being evacuated through 400 kV outdoor switchyard to Hassan Substation of
PGCIL through double circuit and also through 400/220 kV interconnecting transformer
to 220 kV switchyard to feed Kemmar substation.
It is noted from the minutes of Southern region power committee that CEA,
PGCIL & KPCL have plans to establish 400 kV lines from UPCL switchyard to
Kasaragod substation of PGCIL. This shall be explored further to firm up power
evacuation arrangement of the proposed units.
2.5.5 Manpower
The proposed power plant will require skilled and semi-skilled personnel
during construction and operational phase. Many people in and around neighbouring
villages will get opportunity for employment during construction and operational phase
based on suitability. The total direct manpower requirement for Operation and
Maintenance (O&M) of the power plant during operation period is estimated to be
about 350 persons. Further, about 1500 personnel will be engaged during construction
period.
2.5.6 Township
The proposed project will be located adjacent to the existing plant, which is
located in Udupi district, about 35 km north of Mangalore city and 30 km south of
Udupi city in Karnataka State. The site is situated at Yelluru village which is about 3
2.13
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
km from Padubidri off National Highway NH-66 which connects Mangalore and
Mumbai. The site is located adjacent to the new broad gauge line of Konkan railway
connecting Mangalore to Mumbai. Mangalore, Udupi and the areas surrounding the
Plant are well developed so no township is proposed for this project.
The proposed TPP will continue to have the full time dispensary with Doctor
and round the clock availability of paramedical staff. Adequate health related
measures and a well-equipped safety and environment department will be provided to
ensure clean and healthy environment.
2.5.8 Drainage
The rain water collected from the roof of buildings is channelized through
the rain water down comers and routed to the garland drain around the buildings.
These garland drains are connected to the plant storm water drainage network system
all around the plant. The proposed drainage system will be linked to the existing storm
water drain system where ever required. Also where modification /extension of existing
facilities are made the required modification to the drainage system will be made such
that it does not affect the overall system.
Several recharge wells will be located at strategic locations within the plant
and will be interconnected to the storm water drain network system. This will ensure
recharging of the ground water table.
The surface water run-off from the coal handling plant would be led to a
sump for settling and necessary treatment will be done at ETP to meet MoEF&CC
norms. The treated water will be used for horticulture and dust suppression. This drain
is considered as part of process drainage and will not be connected to the surface
drainage system.
2.14
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Wherever drains or other underground facilities cross the roads hume pipe
culverts or RCC box culverts will be provided. Culverts will be designed for loads,
CLASS A-A as per Indian Road Congress.
The main storm water drains will be connected to a rain harvesting ponds
and will have provisions to avoid back flow from the pond to the surface drainage
system.
The design rainfall intensity per hour will be arrived at based on the analysis
of statistical meteorological data. However a minimum intensity of 50 mm/hour will be
considered for design of storm water drainage system.
Run off coefficients for paved areas and unpaved areas for design of storm
water drainage system will be 1.0 and 0.7 respectively.
Precast concrete kerb stone will be provided for all roads. Necessary
gradient will be provided both in longitudinal and transverse direction for smooth flow
to drains. Top of all roads will be maintained 200mm above the respective area
finished ground level.
Extra width would be provided on either side of the road for tree plantation,
foot path and storm water drains. It is also considered to provide RCC pavement
around station generators and transformers.
2.15
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Fire hydrants will be planned for the entire proposed extension plant with
necessary house / cabinet for holding the hydrants in easy accessible locations in
each area.
Most of the leading OEMs are having proven design / operating experience
with the above parameters. Many utilities in India have started gaining operating
experience with the above supercritical parameters. Proven materials for boiler
pressure parts, critical piping, and steam turbine parts are available.
2.16
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The chimney height for all the units of the proposed power plant would be
275 m above finished grade level of main plant area for effective dispersion of the
gaseous pollutants as per the MoEF&CC/CPCB guidelines. The chimney would be
RCC structure with twin steel flue. The chimney will be provided with the aviation
lamps and lightning conductors. Online and remote emission monitoring systems as
per MoEF&CC/CPCB requirements will be provided to monitor the gaseous pollutants
from chimney.
Based on the sulphur content in the Indian coal, the sulphur dioxide
concentration level for this power plant will be low. However, wet-lime flue gas
desulphurization is proven technology used worldwide for the control of SO 2 emissions
from utility power plants for high sulphur coal. It is proposed to install FGD system
downstream of ID fans for each 800 MW unit. FGD system is based on forced
oxidation wet lime stone process with SO2 removal efficiency more than 95%.
The internal coal handling system includes unloading the coal at power plant
site and conveying it either to the bunkers of the steam generators or to the stock yard.
The existing system consists of belt conveyors, paddle feeders (2 per conveyor), belt
scales, magnetic separators, metal detectors, coal sampling units, stacker cum
reclaimer, traveling tripper, dust suppression system, dust extraction system in
enclosed areas like transfer point, bunker etc., Control and Instrumentation and
in-motion weigh bridge near track hopper.
The coal for the proposed power plant would be received through railway
siding connected with Konkan railway at Nandikur railway station. Coal handling facility
2.17
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The coal handling plant will be provided with the facility for recording the
quantity and analysis of the raw coal received in the station and fed to the bunkers. In-
line magnetic separators, bunker level indicators, flap gates in bifurcating chutes,
chute vibrators, sump pumps (for underground areas) will be provided, where-ever
necessary, to make the system efficient and trouble free.
Stockpile areas shall be provided with automatic garden type sprinklers for
dust suppression as well as to reduce spontaneous ignition of the coal stockpiles.
Plant effluent is used in ash handling system for equipment sealing and cooling and
the same will be reused for coal dust suppression system. Necessary water
distribution network for drinking and service water with pumps, piping, tanks, valves
etc. will be provided for distributing water at all transfer points, crusher house, control
rooms etc.
2.18
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Fly ash generated from existing 2x600 MW TPP is being utilized efficiently
(to the tune of 73-78%) as given in Table 2.10.
2.19
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Table 2.10 : Fly Ash Generation and Utilization in the Existing Plant
UPCL has MoU with various bulk users of flyash. Details of the factories
with whom the company is having the agreements for fly ash utilization is given in
Annexure 11.
Table 2.11 : Expected ash generation from the proposed power plant (2x800 MW)
2.20
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
As per flyash utilization notification, the unutilized fly ash in relation to the
target during a year, if any, shall be utilized within next two years in addition to the
targets stipulated for these years. The unutilized fly ash accumulated during first three
years (the difference between the generation and utilization target) shall be utilized
progressively over next five years in addition to 100% utilization of current generation
of fly ash.
Appropriate design of ash handling system will be ensured from each unit,
bottom ash will be collected in wet form; while fly ash will be collected in dry form to
facilitate utilization and un-utilized fly ash and bottom ash will be disposed in wet form
to the ash pond. Ash extraction system is unitized, whereas basis ash disposal system
will be common for all units.
The fly ash system will have provision to dispose the dry ash for ash
utilization as well as dispose to ash pond area through high concentration slurry
disposal (HCSD) pumps. Hence, there shall be no requirement for recycling of the
water from the ash ponds as HCSD system is being used in place of lean slurry
disposal system. However, as second line of arrangement, the existing pipeline shall
be maintained for water recycling from the ash tank.
The fly ash will be collected in the dry form and transported to silos for
discharging to the cement and brick manufacturing industries in vicinity. Bottom ash
along with unutilized fly ash shall be disposed through HCSD system to ash pond. Fly
ash generated will be fully utilized from 4th year as per MoEF guidelines. Unutilized
bottom ash will be dumped in ash pond for 25 years. The required ash pond area
alongwith bunds and greenbelt works out to be about 278 acres (112.59 ha).
2.21
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Transfer of ash from silos to other end-user Ash dyke for disposal of ash to ash pond
through closed bulkers
2.22
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The system is designed for COC 1.3; the makeup water will be met by the
sea water intake system.
The cooling water blow down is envisaged for the proposed power plant.
The blow down pumps is proposed to be located in the CW sump itself.
2.23
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
cooling water system “Concrete volute” type is considered. The CW pumps will be
located in a cooling water sump which will receive cooled return water from the cooling
tower basin. The CW pumps will circulate the cooling water through the condenser,
extracting heat therein and return the hot water back to the cooling tower through C.W.
supply & return pipes.
Makeup water for the cooling tower will be taken from a tap-off from the
seawater intake pump discharge pipe.
ACW system will supply cooling water (sea water) to the plate heat
exchanger and the return water will join in the CW return header from the Condenser
at suitable location. Auxiliary cooling water system consist 3 nos. of pumps (1 working
for each unit + 1 common standby). These pumps will be located in the cooling water
pump house along with CW Pumps. The operating temperature of the auxiliary cooling
waterside of the PHE will be the same as the condenser circulating water inlet
temperature.
A closed loop system using passivated DM water is proposed for the CCW
system.
The CCW system for each 800 MW unit is conceptualized as given below:
a. CCW system for SG, TG and common BOP auxiliaries will consist of
3x50% capacity plate type heat exchangers and 3x50% capacity CCW
pumps.
2.24
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
2.6.4.2 DM Plant
Water requirement for the proposed 2 X 800 MW TPP is through Arabian
Sea. Desalinated water from desalination plant will be the source for fresh water,
which will be used for power cycle make up, DM water, service water, portable water
etc., The water treatment plant consists of clarifiers and RO/DM plant.
Central control rooms, Computer room, Control equipment room, UPS room,
Battery charger room, SWAS room (dry panel area only) in the power house building.
x Service Building
x ESP control room
x Switchyard (GIS) control room
x Ash Handling Plant control room
x Coal Handling Plant control room
x Air compressor control room
x Desalination & DM plant control room
x All other control rooms in ancillary buildings
2.25
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The ventilation system envisaged for the plant will achieve the followings:
Scavenging out structural heat gain and heat load from various
equipment, hot pipes, lighting etc.
2.26
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
2.27
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Chapter 3
Ambient air quality was monitored at eight locations within the 10 km radius
study area. The sampling locations were selected based on guidelines of network
siting criteria such as :
x Topography of the study area
x Representation of regional background
x Populated and sensitive areas
x Screening of maximum ground level concentrations and distances of
their likely occurrences as per climatological normals
x Representation of valid cross sectional distribution in downwind
direction
Monitoring locations with respect to the UPCL are depicted in Fig. 3.1.1 and
details of these locations are given in Table 3.1.1. Four locations were within 5 km
radius from the plant, whereas 4 locations were between 5 & 10 km radius from the
plant.
As per NAAQS, the pollutants viz., Particulate Matters (PM10 and PM2.5),
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon monoxide (CO) were dentified
as parameters for air quality monitoring. All the parameters were monitored on 24
hourly basis, except CO, which was monitored on 8 hourly basis. Further, particulate
matter associated metals (As, Ni & Pb) including mercury (Hg) were analysed.
Standard analytical procedures were used for collection of samples, analysis and
quantification of air quality parameters and are given in Table 3.1.2.
3.1.2 Micro-meteorology
3.1.1
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The ambient air quality data with respect to different parameters is given in
Tables 3.1.3 to 3.1.5.
24 hourly average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were found in the range of
27-44 Pg/m3 and 12-15 Pg/m3 respectively. Average concentrations of SO2, NO2 and
CO were in the range of 5-7 Pg/m3, 7-11 Pg/m3 and 0.2-0.9 mg/m3 respectively.
Summary of air quality data collected for major parameters like PM10, PM2.5,
SO2, NO2 and CO during the year 2015-16 by UPCL is given in Table 3.1.6. Analysis
of data indicates that annual average concentration of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO
at four different locations were well within the National Ambient Quality Standards.
Annual average concentration of these parameters varied from 26-33 µg/m 3, 11-14
µg/m3, 5-6 µg/m3, 7-8 µg/m3, 0.3-0.9 mg/m3 respectively. The respective CPCB
standards are 60, 40, 50, 40 µg/m3 and 2 mg/m3 respectively.
3.1.2
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
6
2 7
8 1
4 5
5 km
10 km
Fig. 3.1.1: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
3.1.3
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.1.4
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Plate 3.1.1: Photographs showing Ambient Air Quality Monitoring at different Locations
3.1.5
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.1.6
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Table 3.1.3 : Air Quality Status within the Study Area: PM10 and PM2.5
Table 3.1.4 : Air Quality Status within the Study Area: SO2 and NO2
Unit: Pg/m³ Average: 24 hrs.
Sr. Sampling Locations SO2 NO2
No. Min Max Avg± SD 98 %
th
Min Max Avg± SD
th
98 %
1 Plant Site 5 8 7±1 8 7 11 9±1 11
2 Admar Village 4 8 6±1 8 6 10 8±1 10
3 Inna Village 4 7 5±1 7 6 12 8±1 11
4 Hejmady village 4 8 5±2 7 6 11 8±1 10
5 Kollur Village 4 24 6±5 23 6 40 11±7 37
6 Jantra Village 4 5 5±0.4 5 6 9 7±1 8
7 Mudarangadi Village 4 7 5±1 7 6 9 8±1 9
8 Adani Pump house 5 8 6±1 8 7 11 9±1 11
CPCB Standard 80 80
Table 3.1.5 : Air Quality Status within the Study Area: CO and Pb
Sr. Sampling Locations 8 hrs Average CO (mg/m³) 24 hrs average
3
No. th Pb (µg/m )
Min Max Avg± SD 98 %
1 Plant Site 0.7 1.1 0.9±0.1 1.1 0.02
2 Admar Village 0.3 0.7 0.5±0.1 0.6 0.07
3 Inna Village 0.2 0.6 0.3±0.1 0.6 0.05
4 Hejmady village 0.2 0.6 0.4±0.1 0.6 0.03
5 Kollur Village 0.1 1.2 0.3±0.2 1.2 0.04
6 Jantra Village 0.1 0.6 0.2±0.1 0.5 0.02
7 Mudarangadi Village 0.3 0.7 0.5±0.1 0.7 0.01
8 Adani Pump house 0.4 0.9 0.6±0.1 0.8 0.15
CPCB Standard 4.0 1.0
Note : Ni, As, Hg were found below detectable limit
3.1.7
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Table 3.1.6: Ambient Air Quality Status at different location and the study area
(Annual average of 104 observations)
1 Plant Site
Minimum 19 9 4 6 0.6
Maximum 57 20 8 11 1.2
Average 33 14 6 8 0.9
98percentile 46 19 8 10 1.1
2 Admar Village
Minimum 17 8 4 6 0.3
Maximum 59 20 8 10 0.7
Average 30 12 5 7 0.5
98percentile 42 18 7 10 0.7
3 Inna Village
Minimum 16 8 4 5 0.2
Maximum 45 17 7 12 0.6
Average 26 11 5 7 0.3
98percentile 41 16 7 10 0.6
4 Hejmady Village
Minimum 16 7 4 6 0.2
Maximum 52 17 8 11 0.6
Average 28 12 5 7 0.4
98percentile 40 15 7 10 0.6
CPCB Standards
60 40 50 40 2.0
(Annual)
3.1.8
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.2.1
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
levels were recorded at Palimar (near railway track) and village Mudrangadi (near
market area).
Noise Levels in the Plant
Noise levels (Leq) near various locations within the premises were also
recorded during day time. The noise level varied from 70-98 dB(A) in day time.
3.2.2
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
2 1 3
10
7
12 11
9
6 4
8
5 km
10 km
Fig. 3.2.1: Noise Monitoring Locations
3.2.3
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Table 3.2.1: Details of ambient noise monitoring locations along with measured
noise levels in Residential and Commercial areas
Noise Level (Leq), Remarks
Sr. dB(A)
Sampling Location Coordinates (Distance from
No. Day time Night time source)
Residential Area
0
1 Yellur 13 10.355’N 66 -
0
74 48.688’E
0
2 Admar (near AQM 13 10.303N 54 40
0
Site) 74 47.211E
0
3 Jantra (near AQM 13 11.045N 57 42 20m -(running
0
Site) 74 51.707E station)
0
4 Inna (near AQM 13 07.979N 61 45 Close to village
0
Site) 74 50.257E Main junction
0
5 Kollur (near AQM 13 06’8”N 73 38 Near a house hold
0
Site) 74 47’43.3”E small scale industry
operating in day
time
0
6 Hezamadi (near 13 07.68’N 58 - 3 m high from
0
AQM Site) 74 46.295’E ground level
Commercial Area
0
7 Adani Pump house 13 09’51.39”N 79 79 10 m (running AAQ
0
(near AQM Site) 74 45’ 42.7”E station)
25 m-(road)
0
8 Palimar (near 13 07’34.1”N 76 - 15 m-(train
0
railway track) 74 48’27.9”E passing)
0
9 Padubidri 13 08.411’N 93 85 2 m (road
0
74 46.299’E boundary) near
NH66
0
10 Mudrangadi (near 13 10.393’N 72 62 100 m (road), near
0
AQM Site) 74 49.281’E market area
0
11 Nandikur (near 13 09’0.3”N 55 -
0
74 47’55.1”E
railway track)
3.2.4
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Table 3.2.2: Details of source noise monitoring locations along with measured
noise levels at various activities of UPCL
3.2.5
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Notes :
1. Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m.
2. Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.
3. Silence zone is defined as an area comprising not less than 100
meters around Hospitals, Educational Institutions and courts. The
silence zones are zones which are declared as such by the
competent authority.
4. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four
abovementioned categories by the competent authority.
* dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on
scale A which is related to human hearing
"A", in dB(A) Leq, denotes the frequency weighting in the
measurement of noise and corresponds to frequency response
characteristics of human ear
Leq : It is an energy mean of the noise level over a specified period
3.2.6
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
3.3.1
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Water quality status of surface water samples collected from Mulki river and
Papanashini river is presented in Table 3.3.3.
Mulki River (Influenced by Coastal Backwater)
Samples from five dug wells from different villages were collected and
analyzed for various parameters. The results are presented in Table 3.3.4.
Variations in different parameters were observed as: pH: 7.0-7.5; turbidity:
<1 NTU; total dissolved solids: 64-102 mg/l; chlorides: 8-20 mg/l; sulphate: 3-6 mg/l;
total alkalinity: 40-60 mg/l and total hardness: 40-55 mg/l. Nutrients (as nitrate-NO3)
and total phosphates were observed in the range 0.3-13.4 mg/l and 0.1-1.5 mg/l
respectively. Fluoride was found to be 0.05-0.10 mg/l. Dissolved oxygen was in the
range of 3.2-7.8 mg/l.
3.3.2
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
The concentration of heavy metals was found in the range as: Nickel: BDL-
0.016, chromium: BDL -0.001 mg/l, copper: BDL -0.003 mg/l, manganese: BDL-0.999
mg/l, aluminum: BDL-0.047, barium: BDL-0.037, selenium: BDL-0.007, silver: BDL-
0.006, molybdenum: BDL-0.895 and mercury: BDL-0.007 mg/l; whereas cadmium,
lead, iron, zinc, cobalt and arsenic were below detectable limit in all the samples.
On the basis of physico-chemical characteristics, the groundwater samples
conformed to the drinking water standards (IS-10500:2012) for most of the parameters
at all locations except for mercury and aluminum. Total coliforms were observed in all
the samples, which varied from 10 to 130 CFU/100 ml, whereas fecal coliform were
not detected.
3.3.2.3 Ground Water Quality within 5-10 km radius of UPCL Plant
Samples from five dug wells and one bore well were also collected in the
zone between 5-10 km radius from the industry. Samples were analysed for various
parameters and the results are given in Table 3.3.5.
In this region of study area, turbidity was found to be in the range of <1 to
49 NTU while corresponding total suspended solids were in the range of <1-22 mg/l.
The alkalinity (as CaCO3) was found to be in the range of 30-140 mg/l, whereas pH
was in the range of 6.5-8.0. DO levels were in the range of 2.8-6.2 mg/l; whereas COD
was found in the range of 2.8-25.6 mg/l. High concentration of certain parameters at
village Hejamadi-1 sample was observed, which may be attributed to geological strata
of that region.
Heavy metals concentration was found as: nickel: BDL-0.039 mg/l,
cadmium: BDL-0.003 mg/l, chromium: BDL-0.022 mg/l, copper: BDL-0.016 mg/l, lead:
BDL-0.035 mg/l, iron: BDL-16.859 mg/l, manganese: 0.004-0.031 mg/l, cobalt: BDL-
0.001 mg/l, aluminum: BDL-0.037 mg/l, selenium: BDL-0.007 mg/l, silver: BDL-0.011
mg/l, molybdenum: BDL-0.895 mg/l and mercury: BDL-0.002; whereas zinc, arsenic
and barium were found below detectable limit.
The ground water quality in this region fall within drinking water standards
(IS-10500:2012) for most of the physico-chemical parameters except for certain heavy
metals such as nickel, lead, iron and molybdenum. Total coliforms were observed in all
the samples, which varied from 10 to 50 CFU/100 ml, whereas fecal coliform were not
detected.
3.3.2.4 Water Quality of Samples Collected within the Plant and Ash Pond
Area
Six water samples were collected from various sources within the plant
premises (raw water, guard pond, ETP inlet and outlet) and near ash pond area (Test
Well – hand pump 1 and 2). Water quality status of dug well located (at village Ullure)
within 1 km from plant and dug well (at village Santhoor) near ash pond area was also
assessed. The water quality status of these samples are given in Tables 3.3.6 and
3.3.7 respectively.
3.3.3
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Sea water is used in cooling tower and after cooling it is discharged to guard
pond. Characteristics of water both in inlet and outlet of cooling tower was found
comparable, however few parameters like sodium, potassium and heavy metals were
found in less concentration in the guard pond sample.
Analysis of water collected from Ullure village indicated all the parameters
within the limit except mercury and total coliforms.
Water quality of dug well from Santhoor village was found to be within the
acceptable limits of drinking water quality except for certain heavy metals like nickel,
cadmium, lead, iron, aluminium, arsenic and mercury & total coliforms.
3.3.2.5 Overall Water Quality Status
Phytoplankton Analysis
The Lackey Drop (Micro transect) Count Method (Lackey, 1938; Edmonson,
1963) is a simple method for obtaining counts of phytoplankton with considerable
accuracy. Organisms were counted under microscope in strips on slide from a drop of
centrifuged, decanted and concentrated volume of sample and number of individuals
of each organism was counted in 40 × magnification. Phytoplankton count (No./ml) is
determined as :
Y×S×D×X
Phytoplankton count = -------------------
V
Where,
3.3.4
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
SWDI Calculation
n Number of species
N Total number of individuals of all species
Ni Number of individuals of “i”th species
3.3.5
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Phytoplankton
3.3.6
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Cladosera was represented with 3 members viz. Bosmina, Daphnia and Moina species
which totally accounted 33% of the population.
Shannon Weiner Diversity Index was found to be less than 1 at six locations
showing less species diversity while it was >1 at the remaining locations with
maximum SWDI value of 1.5 (Village Padubidri) showing species richness in
comparison to other locations.
Zooplanktons as Bioindicators
The zooplanktons form major link in the energy transfer at secondary level
in aquatic biotopes. They occupy an intermediate position in aquatic food webs
between autotrophs and heterotrophs. The distribution and diversity of zooplankton in
aquatic ecosystems depends mainly on the physico-chemical proportion of water.
Zooplankton indicator metrics such as diversity-based indices (e.g. total
number of taxa, % contribution of dominant taxon, Shannon diversity), indicator taxa
(e.g. Rotifera and Nematoda assemblages) are especially powerful, because they
integrate numerous water quality parameters (e.g. nutrients, salinity, temperature,
oxygen concentration) and are relatively easy to sample (Arora, 1966a,b; Amjad &
Gray, 1983; Bianchi & Colwell,1985; Bratkovich, 1988).
For understanding the health of water bodies, zooplanktons are useful as
these are very sensitive to pollutants and act as bio indicator of water bodies. Among
the indicator taxa, Rotifera is a group that is particularly well suited to survive in
transient environments. Also, they can survive in some environments where there is a
substantial amount of suspended material, with detritical origin (Doohan, 1975).
The species belonging to Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda are used as
suitable indicator species to determine the quality of aquatic ecosystem. At Udupi
district, all identified species from the Rotifera group are largely detritivores, and
feeding on suspended and flocculated organic matter, or phytoplankton. Where the
nutrients levels are maintained by an external supply, the rotifer populations will
increase in proportions. Maximum population of the group rotifers are found from the
water samples collected from mainly of dug well or underground water, (Village
Hejamadi I-II, Ullure). Also, it was found during the field observation that the water
appeared red in colour due to high nutrient content, while clothes washing was also
seen at some locations increasing the nutrient content in the water bodies that
correlates the presence of rotifers.
The genus Cladoserans and copepods that are known bioindicators of water
with high pH were found to be in abundance in the water samples collected from dug
wells with increased depth (<40 feet), that may be due to leaching of salts and
sediments into the ground water aquifers which also correlates with the values of pH.
3.3.7
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Mulki River near Village Kerner Papanashini River near Village Sooda
Dug Well Water from Village Ullure Dug Well Water from Village Santhoor
Dug Well Water from Village Yellure Dug Well Water from Village Pillar
3.3.8
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Dug Well Water from Village Paniyar Dug Well Water from Village Nandikur
Dug Well Water from Village Padubidri Dug Well Water from Village Hejamadi-I
Dug Well Water from Village Hejamadi-II Dug Well Water from Village Kavathar
3.3.9
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Dug Well Water from Village Kaup Dug Well Water from Village Shirva
3.3.10
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Raw Water from UPCL Plant Discharge Water from Guard Pond
Test Well-I near Ash Pond Test Well-II near Ash Pond
3.3.11
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
12
13
2
14 7 6
5
15 9 20
19
18
21
16
6 17 4
8
9
1
10
11
17%
42%
33%
3.3.12
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
22%
45%
33%
3.3.13
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Ground Water
Dug Well
0
3. Village Ulluru N 13 09’34.1” Water reported to be bad in quality by
0
E 74 47’27.0” the owner; still used for drinking in
absence of alternate source. Dug well is
12 ft. deep. About 1.0 km from UPCL
plant
0
4. Village Santhoor N 13 09’43.1” Water is used for drinking purpose. Dug
0
E 74 49’48.0” well is 24 ft. deep
0
5. Village Yellure N 13 10’21.1” Water is used for drinking purpose. Dug
0
E 74 48’40.8” well is 45 ft. deep
0
6. Village Pillar N 13 11’18.4” Water is used for drinking purpose. Dug
0
E 74 49’49.0” well is 35 ft. deep
0
7. Village Paniyar N 13 11’17.2” Water is used for drinking purpose. Dug
0
E 74 46’49.6” well is 50 ft. deep
0
8. Village Nandikoor N 13 08’41.2” Water is used for drinking purpose. Dug
0
E 74 48’05.4” well is 75 ft. deep
0
9. Village Padubidri N 13 08’12.7” Water is used for drinking purpose. Dug
0
E 74 46’17.7” well is 25 ft. deep
0
10. Village Hejamadi I N 13 07’04.0” Water is Not used for drinking. Red in
0
E 74 46’18.6” color. Dug well is 35 ft. deep. Large no.
of wells in that area show red water
0
II N 13 07’03.0” Water is used for drinking purpose. Dug
0
E 74 46’17.5” well is 15 ft. deep
0
11. Village Kavathar N 13 06’00.6” Water is used for drinking purpose. Dug
0
E 74 49’31.7” well is 40 ft. deep
0
12. Village Kaup N 13 13’38.3” Water is used for drinking purpose. Dug
0
E 74 45’10.4” well is 30 ft. deep. Weeds grown on dug
well wall.
0
13. Village Shirva N 13 12’47.1” Water is used for drinking purpose. Dug
0
E 74 49’25.6” well is 60 ft. deep
Bore Well
0
14. Village Uchalla N 13 11’30.6” Salty water. 380 ft deep. Used for
0
E 74 45’12.9” drinking after boiling or passing through
water filter. Village is 1 km from coast.
3.3.14
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Table 3.3.2: Water Quality – Sampling Location Details inside UPCL and Ash
Pond Area (January 2016)
Sr. Sampling Locations Geographical Field observations
No. Position
Inside UPCL
0
1. Raw water N 13 09’41.5” Saline water used in industry for cooling
0
E 74 47’54.1” towers. Sample taken from balancing sump
0
2. Discharge water- N 13 09’32.8” Discharge water from cooling towers,
0
guard pond E 74 47’47.1” boilers, RO reject etc. collected to guard
pond for discharge into the sea
0
3. ETP outlet N 13 09’27.7” water used for plantation purpose inside
0
E 74 48’12.9” the plant
0
4. ETP Inlet N 13 09’27.4” -
0
E 74 48’10.2”
Ash Pond Area
0
5. Test Well (Hand N 13 09’51.9” Test wells (4 nos.) are constructed around
0
Pump 1) E 74 49’38.4” ash pond for water testing purpose. Depth
is about 25-35 ft
0
6. Test Well (Hand N 13 09’48.8” Hand pump is near AAQM station. Located
0
Pump 2) E 74 49’44.5” in the vicinity of ash pond area.
3.3.15
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
3.3.16
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
3.3.17
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Table 3.3.4 : Water Quality Status – Ground Water Sources (Dug well) within
5 km radius of UPCL Plant (Winter 2016)
6.5 - 8.5/ No
1. pH 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0
relaxation
0
2. Temperature ( C) - 28 29 28 28 28
3. Turbidity (NTU) 1 /5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Total
4. suspended (mg/l) - 56 <1 29 <1 <1
solids
Total
5. Dissolved (mg/l) 500/2000 102 85 94 84 64
Solids
6. Conductivity (PS/cm) - 180 140 138 157 96
Inorganic Parameters
Total
7. Alkalinity (as mg/l 200/600 60 40 50 40 40
CaCO3)
Total mg/l
8. Hardness (as 200/600 50 50 55 40 45
CaCO3)
Calcium mg/l
9. Hardness (as - 30 35 30 20 25
CaCO3)
10. Chloride mg/l 250/1000 20 13 8 10 13
11. Sulphate mg/l 200/400 3 3 6 4 3
12. Sodium mg/l - 16 10 12 9 5
13. Potassium mg/l - 6 1 1 6 1
Nutrient and Demand Parameters
0.02/ No BDL
19. Nickel mg/l BDL BDL 0.016 0.010
relaxation
0.003/ No BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
20. Cadmium mg/l
relaxation
0.05 / No BDL
21. Chromium mg/l BDL 0.001 BDL 0.001
relaxation
22. Copper mg/l 0.05/1.5 BDL BDL 0.003 BDL BDL
0.01/ No BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
23. Lead mg/l
relaxation
0.3/ No BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
24. Iron mg/l
relaxation
3.3.18
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Total CFU/10
35. Nil 10 10 130 10 20
Coliforms 0 ml
Fecal CFU/10 - - - - -
36. Nil
Coliforms 0 ml
BDL: Below Detectable Limit; CFU: Colony Forming Unit
3.3.19
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Table 3.3.5 : Water Quality Status – Groundwater Sources (Dug wells and Bore
well) between 5-10 km radius of UPCL Plant (Winter 2016)
Sr. Parameters Units Acceptable/ Village Village Village Village Village Village
No. Permissible Kavathar Kaup Shirva Hejam Hejam Uchhala
Limit adi-I adi-II (Bore
(IS 10500:2012) well)
Physical Parameters
6.5 - 8.5/ No
1. pH 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 7.0 8.0
relaxation
0
2. Temperature ( C) - 26 26 28 29 27 30
3. Turbidity (NTU) 1 /5 <1 <1 <1 49 1 1
Total
4. suspended (mg/l) - 3.2 <1 1 22 <1 <1
solids
Total Dissolved
5. (mg/l) 500/2000 88 114 74 96 72 175
Solids
6. Conductivity (PS/cm) - 129 179 118 140 125 337
Inorganic Parameters
Total Alkalinity
7. mg/l 200/600 60 50 30 55 40 140
(as CaCO3)
Total Hardness mg/l
8. 200/600 50 70 40 65 50 150
(as CaCO3)
Calcium mg/l
9. Hardness(as - 20 10 20 50 40 60
CaCO3)
10. Chloride mg/l 250/1000 7 13 13 10 13 13
11. Sulphate mg/l 200/400 3 4 3 14 6 4
12. Sodium mg/l - 13 12 10 6 9 8
13. Potassium mg/l - 1 1 2 1 1 3
Nutrient and Demand Parameters
45 / No
14. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 1.8 6.1 15.4 0.1 0.5 0.2
relaxation
Total
15. mg/l - 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2
Phosphates
16. DO mg/l - 4.6 6.2 4.6 2.8 3.6 -
17. COD mg/l - 8.4 2.8 7.6 15 - -
18. Fluoride mg/l 1.0/1.5 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.04 0.27
Heavy Metals
0.02/ No
19. Nickel mg/l BDL BDL 0.012 0.039 0.023 0.034
relaxation
0.003/ No
20. Cadmium mg/l 0.003 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
relaxation
0.05 / No
21. Chromium mg/l 0.022 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
relaxation
22. Copper mg/l 0.05/1.5 0.016 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
0.01/ No
23. Lead mg/l 0.035 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
relaxation
0.3/ No
24. Iron mg/l 0.075 BDL 16.9 10.9 BDL BDL
relaxation
25. Manganese mg/l 0.1/0.3 0.01 0.03 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 0.02
26. Zinc mg/l 5/15 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
27. Cobalt mg/l - 0.001 BDL 0.001 0.001 BDL BDL
28. Aluminum mg/l 0.03/0.2 0.037 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
29. Arsenic mg/l 0.01/0.05 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
3.3.20
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Sr. Parameters Units Acceptable/ Village Village Village Village Village Village
No. Permissible Kavathar Kaup Shirva Hejam Hejam Uchhala
Limit adi-I adi-II (Bore
(IS 10500:2012) well)
0.7/ No
30. Barium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
relaxation
0.01/ No
31. Selenium mg/l 0.007 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
relaxation
0.1/ No
32. Silver mg/l 0.001 BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.011
relaxation
Molybdenu 0.07/ No
33. mg/l 0.895 BDL BDL BDL 0.013 BDL
m relaxation
0.001/ No
34. Mercury mg/l BDL 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001
relaxation
Bacteriological Parameters
Total CFU/
35. Nil 10 - 25 50 20 -
Coliforms 100 ml
Fecal CFU/
36. Nil - - - - - -
Coliforms 100 ml
BDL: Below Detectable Limit; CFU: Colony Forming Unit
Table 3.3.6 : Water Quality Status – Within UPCL Plant and at Ash Pond Area
(Winter 2016)
Sr. Parameters Units Raw Final ETP Inlet ETP Test Well Test Well
No. Water for Discharge outlet (Hand (Hand
Cooling Water from Pump 1) Pump 2)
Towers Guard near Ash near Ash
Pond Pond Pond
Physical Parameters
Total Alkalinity 50 70
7. mg/l 90 100 30 40
(as CaCO3)
Total Hardness mg/l 140 70
8. 6100 8200 60 110
(as CaCO3)
Calcium Hardness mg/l 60 30
9. 700 1350 50 30
(as CaCO3)
10. Chloride mg/l 19551 18814 90 127 114 12
11. Sulphate mg/l 153 156 25 56 49 3
12. Sodium mg/l 1415 886 440 272 56 8
13. Potassium mg/l 464 28 3 8 3 3
14. Salinity ‰ 35.3 34.0 - -
3.3.21
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Sr. Parameters Units Raw Final ETP Inlet ETP Test Well Test Well
No. Water for Discharge outlet (Hand (Hand
Cooling Water from Pump 1) Pump 2)
Towers Guard near Ash near Ash
Pond Pond Pond
Nutrient and Demand Parameters
15. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.03 1.6 0.3
16. Total Phosphates mg/l 0.05 0.12 0.39 0.10 6.9 0.2
17. DO mg/l 12.6 9.4 - - - -
18. COD mg/l - - 100 56 44 44
19. Oil & Grease mg/l 2.4 1.2 3.2 1.2 1.2 0.8
20. Fluoride mg/l 0.54 0.62 0.10 0.76 0.11 0.13
Heavy Metals
21. Nickel mg/l 0.001 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
22. Cadmium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
23. Chromium mg/l BDL BDL 0.005 0.013 BDL BDL
24. Copper mg/l 0.066 0.033 BDL BDL BDL BDL
25. Lead mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
26. Iron mg/l 1.4 BDL 24.4 12.9 89.8 29.1
27. Manganese mg/l 0.003 BDL 0.042 0.059 0.296 0.109
28. Zinc mg/l BDL BDL 0.74 0.30 106.7 32.4
29. Cobalt mg/l BDL BDL BDL 0.001 0.005 0.002
30. Aluminum mg/l 0.135 0.010 4.047 0.245 BDL BDL
31. Arsenic mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
32. Barium mg/l BDL BDL 0.015 BDL 0.013 BDL
33. Selenium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
34. Silver mg/l 0.10 0.07 0.02 0.05 0.012 0.003
35. Molybdenum mg/l 0.704 BDL 0.233 0.465 - -
36. Mercury mg/l 0.006 0.004 0.001 BDL 0.003 BDL
Bacteriological Parameters
CFU/ - - - - - -
37. Total Coliforms
100 ml
CFU/ - - - - - -
38. Fecal Coliforms
100 ml
BDL: Below Detectable Limit; CFU: Colony Forming Unit
3.3.22
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
3.3.23
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
3.3.24
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Family Species
Botryococcus sp.
Chlorella sp.
Chlorophyceae Ulva sp.
Chlorococcum sp.
Scenedesmus sp.
Cyclotella sp.
Nevicula sp.
Bacillariophyceae Diatoma sp.
Nitzschia sp.
Euglenophyceae Euglena sp.
Phagus sp.
Rhodophyceae Porphyra sp.
3.3.25
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
River water
2. Near village Soda 1100 18 - 27 55 - 1.4
Ground water/ Dug well
3. Village Santhoor 600 33 - 50 17 - 1.5
4. Village Nandikoor 600 - - 33 67 - 0.9
5. Village Padubidri 800 37 - 25 38 - 1.6
6. Village Hejamadi-I 600 50 - 17 33 - 1.5
7. Village Kavathar 800 - - 63 37 - 1.0
8. Village Yellure 500 - - 20 80 - 0.7
9. Village Ullure 400 75 - 25 - - 0.8
10. Village Pillar 500 40 - 60 - - 1.0
11. Village Paniyar 500 - - 40 60 - 1.0
12. Village Kaup 500 20 - 20 60 - 1.4
13. Village Shirva 600 17 - 50 33 - 1.5
14. Village Hejamadi-II 600 50 - 17 33 - 1.4
3.3.26
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
References:-
3.3.27
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.4.1
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The most important cations present in soluble state in the soil is calcium and
magnesium. It was observed that calcium and magnesium are in the range of 1.2-10
meq/l and 0.7-8.6 meq/l respectively. The sodium and potassium are in the range of
0.3-0.7 meq/l and 0.1-1.0 meq/l respectively. In general, the soil in the region has low
to moderate adsorption capacity as evident from the cations exchange capacity to be
in the range of 2.4-18.0 cmol(p+) kg-1. Amongst the exchangeable cations, Ca+2 and
Mg+2 were observed in the range of 5-18 and 1-3 cmol(p+) kg-1 whereas sodium and
potassium are in the range of 0.5-3.3 and 0.3-2.51 cmol(p+)kg-1 respectively.
Soil samples as well as industrial samples were analysed for heavy metals
such as Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Iron
(Fe), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn) and their
concentrations are given in Table 3.4.11. The concentration of heavy metals viz. Cr,
Fe, Ni, and Pb are found in high concentration. Out of 12 villages chromium
concentration found high in 6 villages, nickel concentration found high in 5 villages and
lead concentration found in 2 villages.
Samples of bottom ash from hopper and fly ash from industry and from ash
pond were collected and were analysed for various heavy metal contents, as given in
Table 3.4.13. Heavy metal contents (arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, iron,
manganese, nickel) were found more in bottom ash compared to fly ash samples. Iron
content in bottom ash was 20859 mg/kg, whereas fly ash samples it was in the range
of 15046 -15369 mg/kg.
3.4.2
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
11
12
9
10 8
1
7
3 2
5 km
10 km
3.4.3
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Sr.
Parameter Technique
No.
1 pH pH meter
2 Conductivity Conductivity meter
3 Particle Size Distribution Hydrometer method
4 Bulk Density KR Box Method
5 Porosity KR Box Method
6 Water Holding Capacity KR Box Method
7 Calcium Titrimetric method
8 Magnesium Titrimetric method
9 Sodium Flame Photometry
10 Potassium Flame Photometry
11 Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) Acetate extract
12 Organic Carbon Walky and Black method
13 Available N Kjeldahl method
14 Available P2O5 Spectrophotometry
15 Available K Flame photometer
16 Heavy Metals AAS/ICP
17 Microbiology Pour Plate Method
3.4.4
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Sr. No. Sampling Location Particle Size Distribution (%) Textural Class
Sand Silt Clay
1 Santhoor village 78 18 4 Loamy Sand
2 Nandikoor village 74 18 8 Sandy Loam
3 Padubidri 86 10 4 Loamy Sand
4 Hejamadi village 98 0 2 Sand
5 Kavathar village 80 8 12 Sandy Loam
6 Yellure village 68 12 20 Sandy Loam
7 Ullure village 84 12 4 Loamy Sand
8 Pillar village 64 26 10 Sandy Loam
9 Uchhala village 90 6 4 Sand
10 Paniyor village 82 14 4 Loamy Sand
11 Kaup village 88 8 4 Sand
12 Shirva village 90 6 4 Sand
3.4.5
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.4.6
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.4.7
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Sr. Location/ As Cd Co Cr Cu Fe Mn Ni Pb Zn Hg
No. Village (µg/kg)
(mg/kg)
1 Santhoor BDL 1.9 BDL 55 10747 89 24 17 46 16
19
village
2 Nandikoor BDL 5.6 BDL 325 22730 194 56 8 37 13
32
village
3 Padubidri BDL 2.3 BDL 53 25 12182 82 34 85 49 12
4 Hejamadi BDL 0.4 BDL 18 1978 26 4 BDL 7 12
2
village
5 Kavathar BDL 5.0 BDL 82 21281 290 65 16 48 12
14
village
6 Yellure BDL 5.4 0.1 63 22239 788 70 9 64 35
33
village
7 Ullure BDL 1.5 BDL 37 9089 52 18 7 28 3
15
village
8 Pillar village BDL 7.9 0.1 114 61 26237 167 46 18 62 7
9 Uchhala BDL 1.2 BDL 67 7834 45 24 8 21 1
12
village
10 Paniyor BDL 4.7 BDL 110 20311 722 109 125 88 5
42
village
11 Kaup village BDL 10.2 0.1 307 61 27960 563 93 9 92 9
12 Shirva BDL 4.8 BDL 62 20260 463 39 2 72 ND
26
village
Canadian
Soil
Quality 12 10 - 64 63 - - 50 70 200 -
Guidelines
(ppm)
3.4.8
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Sr. Parameters Unit Bottom Ash Fly ash from Fly Ash from
No. Collected from Industry Ash Pond
Hopper
1. Arsenic (As ) mg/kg 10.0 BDL 5.0
2. Cadmium (Cd) mg/kg 5.1 3.0 3.1
3. Cobalt (Co) mg/kg 14.1 8.4 BDL
4. Chromium (Cr) mg/kg 29.1 3.6 22.5
5. Copper (Cu) mg/kg 11.0 14.0 13.0
6. Iron (Fe) mg/kg 20859 15046 15369
7. Manganese (Mn) mg/kg 250 178 138
8. Nickel (Ni) mg/kg 38 37 26
9. Lead (Pb) mg/kg BDL 58 BDL
10. Zinc (Zn) mg/kg 50 61 0.5
11. Mercury (Hg) µg/kg 17 41 16
0 0 0
Sampling location N 13 09’37.2’’ N 13 09’36.4’’ N 13 09’49.0’’
0 0 0
coordinates E 74 48’03.0’’ E 74 48’03.5’’ E 74 49’44.3’’
3.4.9
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
As per 2011 Census records, land use pattern in different villages falling
within 10 km radial distance from the project site has been classified under the
following categories:
x Forest Area
x Area under Non-Agricultural Uses
x Barren & Un-cultivable Land Area
x Permanent Pastures and Other Grazing Land Area
x Land under Miscellaneous Tree Crops etc. Area
x Culturable Waste Land Area
x Fallows Land other than Current Fallows
x Current Fallows Area
x Total Un-irrigated Land Area
x Area Irrigated by Source
Village-wise details of landuse are given in Table 3.4.13. Out of the total
area, as much as 89.55% area falls under Udupi district and remaining 10.45% in
Dakshin Kannada district. Major part of the study area is dominated by Barren & Un-
cultivable land area followed by fallows land, total irrigated area, total culturable waste
land area and forest area. The study area is covered with under non agricultural uses,
permanent pasture and other grazing land of the total land area The percentage
distribution of land under different categories is depicted in Fig. 3.4.2.
3.4.10
Table 3.4.13 : Village-wise Details of Landuse under Different Categories (ha)
Sr. Village Gram Forest Area under Barren & Perman- Land Under Cultura- Fallows Current Total Area Total
No. Name Panchayat Area Non- Un- ent Miscellaneous ble Land Fallows Un- Irrigated Geographical
Name Agricultural cultivable Pastures Tree Crops Waste other Area irrigated by Area
Uses Land and etc. Area Land than Land Source
Area Other Area Current Area
Grazing Fallows
Land
Area
District Udupi
1 Yellur Yellur 0 233 12 108.8 476 400 61 4 282.98 180.02 1757.8
2 Santhoor Mudarangadi 0 107 11 117 401.06 153 22 2 151.2 63.8 1028.06
3 Pilar Mudarangadi 127 117 24 127 227.67 105 28 2 170.6 91.4 1019.67
4 Nandicoor Palimar 0 87 8 20 236.36 90 52 2 124.97 95.03 715.36
5 Palimar Palimar 0 83 6 50 80.4 75 35 2 164.41 143.59 639.4
6 108 Kalthur Kuthyar 70 72 6 20 248.86 0.61 28 3 199.73 45.27 693.47
7 Kuthyar Kuthyar 0 106 9 54 134.89 161 17 2 203.39 71.61 758.89
8 Padebettu Padubidri 0 75 5 40 33.25 60 20 2 92.05 32.95 360.25
3.4.11
9 Tenka Tenka 0 86 5 60 98.07 33 39 2 156.33 115.67 595.07
10 Belpu Belpu 0 74 5 67 82 43 25 3 254.6 16.4 570
11 Hejamadi Hejamadi 0 130 6 90 54.64 92 18 2 213.3 121.7 727.64
12 Padu Kaup 0 86 0 2 35.08 43 3 2 71.62 105.38 348.08
13 Padoor Majur 0 72 14 51.24 83 73 18 2 192 47 552.24
14 92 Heroor Majur 0 26 2 1 8.07 7 2 1 129.14 50.86 227.07
15 Shirva Shirva 0 255 158 676.13 730 406 22 4 626.64 338.36 3216.13
16 Inna Inna 0 90.12 13.6 54.3 290.6 52.49 90.78 10.78 226.27 193.79 1022.73
17 Belman Belman 0 102 77.42 20.19 403.27 236.18 101.72 6.02 307.24 192.87 1446.91
18 Sooda Belman 80.13 79.65 53.66 38.53 254.36 42.53 109.01 11.91 193.98 127.95 991.71
19 Nandalike Belman 156.21 146.76 33.14 83.22 266.29 68.26 84.84 9.83 209.29 135.58 1193.42
20 Mundkuru Mundkuru 60.44 119.95 72.95 20.28 198.69 281.28 73.92 10.7 344.91 222.56 1405.68
21 Mulladka Mundkuru 16.19 60.53 34.56 1.63 80.87 45.83 53.42 10.64 109.64 116.96 530.27
23 Muloor Mallaru 0 58 15 0.2 44.82 19 4 1 90.1 72.9 305.02
Sr. Village Gram Forest Area under Barren & Perman- Land Under Cultura- Fallows Current Total Area Total
No. Name Panchayat Area Non- Un- ent Miscellaneous ble Land Fallows Un- Irrigated Geographical
Name Agricultural cultivable Pastures Tree Crops Waste other Area irrigated by Area
Uses Land and etc. Area Land than Land Source
Area Other Area Current Area
Grazing Fallows
Land
Area
24 Majoor Majoor 0 6 4 0 9 2 25.25 0 159.1 36.9 242.25
Sub Total 509.97 2272.01 575.33 1702.52 4477.25 2489.18 932.94 95.88 4673.49 2618.55 20347.12
Dakshin Kannada, Teh- Manglore
22 Kollur Balkunje 0 15.95 30.36 0 49.88 22.48 1.4 0.7 116.47 79.49 316.73
25 Kavathar Balkunje 60.97 20.58 2.42 190.19 0 0 0 12.2 115.72 91.25 493.33
26 Karnire Balkunje 40.8 2.08 1.2 32.09 0 0 0 6.89 51.58 55.96 190.6
27 AthikariBettu Kilpady 0 53.3 68.53 0 89.14 91.26 0 7.89 154.68 58.4 523.2
28 Ulipady Aikala 0 85.34 32.49 0 51.33 82.48 2.45 1.76 121.26 88.47 465.58
29 Balkunje Balkunje 0 18.4 34.41 0 42.94 47.36 2.3 1.4 135.28 102.47 384.56
Sub Total 101.77 195.65 169.41 222.28 233.29 243.58 6.15 30.84 694.99 476.04 2374
Grand Total 611.74 2467.66 744.74 1924.8 4710.54 2732.76 939.09 126.72 5368.48 3094.59 22721.12
3.4.12
Source: District Census Handbook 2011, District Udupi & Dakshin Kannada, Karnataka
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of 2x800 MW (Phase II)
Udupi Thermal Power Project, Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Draft Report – July 2016
The steps involved in procurement and analysis of remote sensing data are:
Plate 3.4.2 represents the Pseudo-color coding of the FCC of the study
area, which has been assigned 7 major classes, including sea, which is identified by
different copors as given in the legend. The image also highlights patches of sand and
wetland/submerged area along the coast and bank of the river.
3.4.13
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of 2x800 MW (Phase II)
Udupi Thermal Power Project, Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Draft Report – July 2016
the land-use classification is: Builtup land 1.88%, Agriculture Land 25.70%, Plantation
14.20%, Forest 33.58% and water bodies 1.49%
Table 3.4.14 : Landuse / Landcover: Remote Sensing Data – LISS 4
(15 February’ 2016)
3. Plantation Plantation/ These are the areas under tree 44.59 14.20
orchid with crop (agricultural/ non-
settlement agricultural) planted adopting
certain management techniques
4. Forest Scrub Forest These are the forest areas 105.46 33.59
where the crown density is less
than 10% of the canopy cover
generally seen at the fringes of
dense forest cover and
settlements, where there is
biotic and abiotic interference
5. Other Sandy Area It includes all other categories 1.01 0.32
wastelands (Beaches of wasteland (like sandy area,
along Sea) salt-affected area, barren rocky
waste etc.), which were not
considered for individual
identification under this project.
3.4.14
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of 2x800 MW (Phase II)
Udupi Thermal Power Project, Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Draft Report – July 2016
3.4.15
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
x Assessment of baseline of flora and fauna within the study area i.e. 10
km radius
A field based primary data collection survey was carried out in March 2016
related to Ecology and Biodiversity of the study area in 10 km radius of proposed
expansion of UPCL Thermal Power Plant at Udupi, Karnataka.
According to the working plan for the forest of Kundapur Division period
2002-03 to 2012-13 total forest area of Kundapur forest division was 114621.35 ha out
of which 57,5333.78 ha area was handed over to wildlife wing. The remaining
57,085.57 ha of forest area is only covered by the plan. 7,154.88 ha has been handed
over to Karnataka Cashew Departrment (KCDC) and KCDC is maintaining these
platations by themselves.
The Udupi range in Kundapura division is having 1069.35 ha under Reserve
Forest and 92.8 ha under protected forest Working plan Coondapur (Kundapur) Forest
Division, from 2002-03 to 2012-13. Total 31 locations were identified to study the
ecology and biodiversity of the area of villages and Pilarkhan Reserve Forest in 10 km
radius of the proposed expansion site. Sampling locations are shown in Fig. 3.5.1 and
details are given in Table 3.5.1. Location wise vegetation observed alongwith the
fauna is given in Table 3.5.2.
3.5.1
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The high stand density and straight boles of Shorea sp. were remarkable for
Pilarkhan RF which lies in north-east direction of proposed site. The top canopy had
Hopea parviflora, Shorea robusta, Gmelina arborea as dominant species. The crowns
of trees were comparatively small. Canopy was not fully closed and the ground is
partly covered with leaf litter, also devoid of humus while, the roots were exposed. At
some places, the forest was thickly covered with herbs and shrubs whereas at others,
it was open. Canopy characters of Pilarkhan Reserve Forest had a gradual change in
the forest composition towards east. Shrubs Allamanda cathartica, Mussaenda
frondosa, Nerium indicum, Ixora coccinea, Plumeria alba were common in occurence.
Many Hopea parviflora was also a dominant tree in Pilarkhan RF but few trees were
observed dead. Pilarkhan Reserve Forest (RF) has dominance of Shorea robusta and
Shorea sp. (unidentified other Shorea species) and and co-dominance of Hopea
parviflora (Bou mara). Details are presented in Dominance Diversity curve that shows
dominace of few species that have major resource sharing and later associated
species that have competition among themselves for resources (Fig. 3.5.2).
Frequency, Density and Basal Area for different tree species is given in Table 3.5.3.
RF forest was also high in species diversity and this has been also confirmed through
data analysis by NEERI team.
3.5.2
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Mango (Mangifera indica), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Nariyal (Cocos nucifera), Chikoo
(Manikara zapota) and Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). Some plantation of
Coconut (Cocus nucifera), areca nut (Areca catechu), Banana (Musa paradisiaca) and
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) were also observed near homesteads, road sides
and agroforests.
Near NH 66, Mullur, Bada, Padubidri villages were surveyed and they were
observed to have dominant vegetation of gulmohar (Delonix regia), chiku (Manilkara
zapota), quickstick (Gliricidia sepium), Pipal (Ficus religiosa), Mahaneem (Ailanthus
excelsa), Singapore Cheery (Muntingia calabura), tamarind (Tamarindus indica) etc.
Many of these plants are of natural origin and presence of recently planted trees of
exotic nature were also observed. Area is rich in vegetation in forests, around
villages/human habitations and road sides. Checklist of dominantly observed floral
components in and around different villages in 10 km radius of the proposed project
site as observed during primary data survey are given in Table 3.5.2 & 3.5.4
respectively.
Being rich in vegetation the area harbors a variety of medicinal and aromatic
plants. A few of them are Areca catechu, Aristolochia indica, Coscinium fenestratum,
Croton roxburghii, Curcuma longa, Cycleapeltata, Indigo feratinctoria, Ixora coccinea,
Memecylon malabaricum, Rauvolfia serpentina and Zanthoxylumr hetsa etc. that are
widely used by locals. These plants are used for treating a variety of ailments by as
single herb and also in combination with other plants, as per traditional methods of
coastal Karnataka (Bhandary & Chandrashekar, 2011).
3.5.3
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The assessment of fauna was carried out with the help of field observations
by NEERI team and available secondary data from Kundapur Forest Division, Udupi.
Field survey was carried out in the month of March, 2016. The morning hours between
5:00 to 9:00 am were selected for avifaunal observation. Tools used for this study
were, Olympus binocular (model number 10 X50 DPS), Canon DSLR 600 D Camera
and identification guide for birds (Grimmet et al., 1998).
3.5.4
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
x Review of the plan after 5 years and extend the plan for next 5
years, if needed.
Observations for avifauna were also made in Pilarkhan Reserve forest and
near Mulki river. Some of the birds observed by NEERI Team and reported from the
study area as per literature are shown in Plates 3.5.3 A & B.
Livestock are the integral part of economy and village ecosystems of any
area. Diversity of poultry is high along the foothill regions of Udupi district. They feed
on agricultural remains and open scrubland. Every farmer owns buffalos and cows in
the study area. Other animals reared in the study area include Goat, Ox, Cat and Dog,
hens etc. (Table 3.5.8). Cattle, dogs and chicken are the three animal groups
maintained under domestication by significant proportion of people since many
generations. Diversity and density of Malnad gidda is very high in the region. Variability
3.5.5
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
among the breed is very high with distinct characters namely Varshagandhi etc
(Karnataka Biodiversity Board, 2010).
3.5.4.1 Wetlands
A wetland is a transition zone between water body and land. The
assessment of impacts on wetlands is a concern because they are one of the most
productive habitats. They support high population of animals including mammals,
birds, fish, invertebrates and serve as nurseries for many of these species. Being an
important component, conservation of wetland is needed hence in the same context,
Ramsar Convention is important, to appropriate spatial scale at which wetland should
be conserved and protected.
There are no ramsar sites in Karnataka. Being coastal district of Karnataka,
Udupi is having 409 ha wetlands, which have been delineated including 157 wetlands
smaller than 2.25 ha. Area under wetland is estimated to be 12226 ha. The major
wetland types are River/Stream (8727 ha), natural waterlogged areas (702 ha),
Riverine wetlands (605 ha), Sand/Beach (543 ha) and Mangroves (501 ha) (Shetty
Deepika, 2012). However, the nearest surface water present around study site are
Karnire River (Tributary of Mulki River) situated near Palimar Village at a distance of
4.8 km to the south direction of UPCL plant and Udyaverna river about 6.5 km to North
direction. Mangrove species observed in the study area was Kandelia candel as a
dominant mangrove species (Plate 3.5.4). Though, the pipeline that fetches water for
the thermal power plant is far from the proposed project site hence, they are not going
to have any significant impact as long as the recommended mitigation measures are
adopted.
3.5.5 Agriculture
3.5.6
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Udupi district has three talukas viz. Udupi, Karkala and Kundapur. Cashew
is grown in all the three talukas but briskly traded in Karkala taluka. Cashew nut is the
major revenue earner for the district. Facts reveal that 80% of the exports are sent to
U.S.A, 15% to the United Kingdom and the remaining 5% to Canada and Australia.
District also thrives in cultivation of rice, coconut powder and arecanut gardens. Being
essentially an agricultural district, South Kanadda (that includes Udupi) has about
54.16% of its working population dependent on land for its livelihood. Paddy is grown
on an extensive scale all over the well-watered valleys and low-lying areas (Plate
3.5.5). The district is not strictly surplus in coconuts, yet small quantities are exported
to the northern parts of the state. Pepper is an important spice crop in the district. It
can be grown as a mixed crop using arecanut palms as standards. Sugarcane is
another important agricultural crop. The main centers of manufacture of jaggery out of
sugarcane are Kuloor, Ullal and Udupi.
3.5.7
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Plate 3.5.1 : Photograph showing ecology and biodiversity survey in the study
area during March 2016
3.5.8
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.9
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.10
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.11
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.12
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Mangroves providing shelter to Avifauna (Red and Yellow Wattled Lapwing) as observed
in the study area on the banks of Mulki river/Mulki creek near village Hejmadi
3.5.13
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.14
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
5 km
10 km
Fig. 3.5.1 : Google earth map showing sampled villages and pilarkhan RF in the
study area within 10 km radius from the TPP
Fig. 3.5.2 : Dominance Diversity (DD) curve of tree species for Pilarkhan RF
(as per quadrat survey)
3.5.15
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.16
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.17
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.18
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.19
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.20
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.21
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.22
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.23
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.24
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Table 3.5.3 : Tree frequency, density and basal area as observed in Pilarkhan
forest range, Udupi Karnataka
Sr. Frequency Density Basal Area
No. Botanical Name (nos./ha) (nos./ha) (nos./ha)
1. Acacia auriculiformis 3.00 4.75 420.41
2. Acacia melanoxylon 1.75 3.25 461.73
3. Albizia julibrissin - 'Rosea' 1.75 1.75 220.93
4. Alianthus excelsa 1.25 1.25 146.78
5. Alstonia scholoris 1.50 1.50 67.03
6. Anacardium occidentale 2.25 3.25 363.53
7. Areca catechu 0.50 0.50 35.22
8. Artocarpus heterophyllus 1.25 1.25 358.47
9. Bombax ceiba 2.00 2.00 138.37
10. Borassus flabellifer 1.25 1.25 68.56
11. Calycopteris floribunda 1.00 1.00 25.21
12. Caryota urens 1.25 1.25 84.02
13. Cocos nucifera 1.75 2.75 443.05
14. Ficus benghalensis 1.25 1.25 310.11
15. Gliricidia sepium 2.25 2.50 184.21
16. Gmelina arborea 2.00 2.50 601.25
17. Hopea parviflora 2.50 3.25 474.58
18. mangifera indica 1.50 1.50 284.55
19. Melia dubia 1.25 1.25 77.70
20. Musa paradisa 1.00 1.00 39.26
21. Sapium insigne 0.50 0.50 32.11
22. Shorea robusta 2.25 2.50 926.16
23. Shorea species 2.25 4.75 2223.66
24. Spondias pinnata 0.75 1.50 148.73
25. Swietenia Mahagoni 1.50 1.50 150.43
26. Syzygium cumini 1.50 1.50 147.52
27. Tamrindus indicum 1.25 1.25 269.89
28. Tectona grandis 1.00 1.00 88.64
29. Terminalia cattapa 1.25 1.25 126.49
30. Terminalia mantly 1.00 1.00 35.35
31. Vateria indica 2.75 3.00 266.37
TOTAL 48.25 58.75 4816.85
3.5.25
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.26
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Source: Observed by NEERI tem and data collected from Forest Management Plan, Kundapur Forest
Division, 2001
3.5.27
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.28
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.29
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.30
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.31
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.32
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.33
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.34
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Table 3.5.6 : Checklist of birds diversity in Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts
Sr. Common name Scientific name
No.
1. Asian Openbill-Stork Anastomus oscitans
2. Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis
3. Black Kite Milvus migrans
4. Black-Crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
5. Blackheaded Babbler Rhopocichla atriceps
6. Blackheaded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus
7. Black-Shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus
8. Black-Winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus
9. Blossom Headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala
10. Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia
11. Brahminy Kite Haliastur Indus
12. Brahminy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea
13. Bronzed Drongo Dicrurus aeneus
14. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
15. Chestnut-Headed Bee-Eater Merops leschenaulti
16. Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus
17. Common Myna Acridotheres leschenaulti
18. Common Pochard Aythya farina
19. Common Sandpiper Tringa hypoleucos
20. Common Swallow Hirundo rustica
21. Common Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda
22. Coppersmith Megalaima haemacephala
23. Crested Lark Galerida cristata
24. Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela
25. Crow Pheasant Centropus sinensis
26. Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia
27. Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus
28. Goldenbacked Woodpecker Dinopium benghalense
29. Goldmantled Chloropsis Chloropsis cochinsinensis
30. Great Horned Owl Bubo bubo
31. Greater Cormorant Phalocrocorax carbo
32. Green Pigeon Treron phoenicoptera
33. Grey Heron Ardea cinerea
34. Grey Junglefowl Gallus sonneratii
35. Grey Tit Parus major
36. Grey Wagtail Motacilla caspica
37. House Crow Corvus splendens
38. House Sparrow Passer domesticus Corvus splendens
39. Indian Moorhen Gallinula chloropus
40. Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata
41. Iora Aegithina tiphia
42. Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus
43. Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos
44. Koel Eudynamys scolopacea
45. Malabar Whistling Thrush Myiophonus horsfieldii
46. Malabar Whistling Thrush Myiophonus horsfieldii
47. Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis
48. Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis
49. Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
50. Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
51. Openbilled Stork Anastomus oscitans
3.5.35
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Source: Bhat R. Harish (2009) Coastal Bird diversity and their management. Proceeding of the workshop
on coastal biodiversity with reference to coastal management zone.
3.5.36
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Source: Cunha & Nair (2013). Diversity and Distribution of Ant Fauna in Hejamadi Kodi Sandspit, Udupi
District, Karnataka, India. HALTERES, Volume 4, 33-47, 2013 ISSN 0973-1555
3.5.37
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Source: Goverment of India Ministry of MSME. Brief Industrial Profile of Udupi District
http://www.kbb.kar.nic.in/publications/Part%202.pdf
Source: Government of Karnataka” Biodiversity at glance” Baliga & Joshi. 2015. Scope for the application
of marketing strategies for vegetables in Udupi district: a farmer’s perspective. Proceedings of
International Conference on Management Finance Economics July 11-12, 2015, ISBN: 788193137307
3.5.38
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
References:
x Baliga & Joshi. (2015). Scope for the application of marketing strategies
for vegetables in udupi district: a farmer’s perspective. Proceedings of
International Conference on Management Finance Economics ISBN:
9788193137307.
x Grimmett Richard, Carol Inskipp & Inskipp Tim. (1998). Pocket Guide to
Birds of The Indian Subcontinent, Oxford University Press.
x http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/western-ghat-gadgil-
12.pdf assessed in March 2016
x http://www.moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/Annexure-VI-
ESAs.pdf accessed in April 2016
3.5.39
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL –TPP by
2x800 MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
3.5.40
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
x Administrative setup
x Demographic structure
x Infrastructure base in project area
x Economic attributes
x Health status
x Cultural attributes
x Awareness and opinion of people about the proposed project
x Socio economic status with reference to Quality of Life (QoL)
Details regarding the existing scenario have been analysed with relevant
socio-economic data from secondary sources such as latest Census record (2011),
District Census Handbook 2011 and Town Directory 2011.
There are total 32 villages falling in the study area which include three
towns. Socio-economic survey was conducted in 16 villages.
3.6.2 Administrative Setup
The 10 km radius study area constitutes Udupi and Dakshin Kannada
districts. This includes twenty villages (including 3 towns) of Udupi Tehsil, six villages
of Karkala tehsil under Udupi district and six villages in Mangalore tehsil under
Dakshin Kannada district fall in the study area. The information/data has been
analysed for all the 32 villages.
3.6.1
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
3.6.2
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
one year is treated as Marginal Worker. Non–workers are those who have not worked
any time at all in the year preceding the enumeration.
The workers coming under the main and marginal workers category are
those involved in activities such as cultivation, agriculture, livestock, forestry, fishing,
hunting, plantations, orchards and allied activities, mining and quarrying,
manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs in household industry, construction,
trade and commerce, transport, storage and communication and other services.
x According to 2011 Census, total worker population in the study area
was 54,180(43.29%).Out of total workers, male workers were
33,902(62.57%) and female workers were 20,278(37.43%)
x Main workers were 48,599(38.83%) and marginal workers were
5,581(4.46%).Total non-working population was 70,979(56.71%).
x Tehsil and village wise details of employment pattern are given in Table
3.6.4.
Main Workers Employment Pattern
Main workers are classified in four categories as cultivators, agricultural
workers, household industry workers and other workers. As per 2011 Census, Out of
total 48,599 main workers in the study area, there were total 5,478 cultivators
(11.27%), 2,429 agricultural workers (5.00%), 2,096 household industry workers
(4.31%) and other workers 38,596 (79.42%). Tehsil and village wise details of main
workers employment pattern, is given in Table 3.6.5.
Population Growth Pattern
As per 2001 Census, total population of the study area was 117,480, which
increase to 121,728 by 2011. The decadal population increased. Overall 5,818
persons were added in 13 villages whereas 2348 persons decreased in 14 villages.
One village (village of Kollur) Census data of 2001 is not available Village wise
population details in 2001 and 2011 alongwith variation in population are given in
Table 3.6.6.
Town details
Bada, Nadsal and Mallar are the three towns in the study area, which come
under Udupi tehsil. As per 2011 Census, the total population of these three towns was
27493, spread over an area of 21.89 sq.km. The population density was 1258 persons
per sq.km. The details are given in the Table 3.6.7.
Cultural and Aesthetic Environment
There are no historical, culturally and aesthetically important or tourist
places in the study area. The nearest places are at Udupi which is 25 km from the
proposed site. However, there are few temples and beaches of main attraction for local
people of the villages. One famous temple (Mahalingeshwara Mahaganpathi temple) is
at village Padubidri. It is believed that Bhrigu Maharshi installed the idol of
3.6.3
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Mahalingeshwara the idol of Lord Ganapathi is about 2.5 ft. tall and has been carved
out of RudrakshiShila.
3.6.4 Infrastructure Resource Base
Village-wise status of infrastructural facilities available in the study area with
respect to education, medical facility, water supply, communication and transportation
facility and power supply, banking facilities etc. are presented in Table 3.6.8. Analysis
of data of 29 villages indicates that infrastructural facilities/basis amenities are
available in most of the villages, as given in Table 3.6.9.
3.6.5 Socio-economic Survey
The study was carried out with a participatory approach by involving the
stakeholders, particularly the project beneficiaries and probable affected persons
through a series of consultative process. The population groups that were consulted
include beneficiary group of people in the project influence area, particularly the
shopkeepers, farmers, school teachers, gram panchayat sarpanch/members and
village leaders etc. This has helped to know the exact situation and views of the
people about the project.
Out of total 32 villages coming in the study area, socio-economic survey
was conducted in 16 villages, covering all the directions.
Proportionate and purposive sampling methods were used for selecting
respondents (male and female) for household survey. For official information of village,
Sarpanch/Gram Panchayat member/Govt. school teachers were chosen. Structured
questionnaire was used for survey. For group discussion, Panchayat Bhavan,
Aanganwadi Bhavan, Community Halls were used by the survey team. Photographs
showing interaction/discussion with the various groups are shown in Plates 3.6.1 to
3.6.3. List of surveyed villages is given in Table 3.6.10 and shown in Fig. 3.6.1.
Salient Observation of the Survey/ Study Area
x House pattern: It is notable that nearly 90% of the houses were pakka
with good construction
x Employment: Main occupation of the people in the study area was
agriculture and labour work. The labours were getting daily wage in the
range of Rs. 100-250, depending on type of work involved
x Fuel: The primary source of cooking fuel is LPG. Most of the villagers
use coal powder and LPG for cooking purpose
x Main Crops: The principal crops grown in agricultural farm were paddy,
betelnut, arecanut and coconut. Average crop productivity of paddy was
8-10quintal per acre. Water from dug well and bore well was used for
irrigation
x Language: Official language is Kannada whereas mother tongue of the
people is Tulu. Most of the people understand Hindi and English also
3.6.4
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
3.6.5
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
3.6.6
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
satisfaction. Weights are assigned to each factor using ranked - pair wise comparison
techniques.
The socio-economic indicators for QoL assessment are:
1 Income 9 Energy
2 Employment and 10 Transportation
Working Condition 11 Communication
3 Housing 12 Education
4 Food 13 Environment and Pollution
5 Clothing 14 Recreation
6 Water Supply 15 Social Security
7 Sanitation 16 Human Rights
8 Health
m p
QoLs = 1/p ¦¦
i 1 j 1
QIij x Wi
Where,
m
¦
QoLo = i 1 QIij x Wi
Where,
3.6.7
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
QoLo QoLs
ܳ ܿܮൌ ଶ
Village wise subjective, objective and cumulative quality of life index is given
in Table 3.6.12. The average QoL index value for the study area is leaning towards
satisfactory level due to good economic status like income, employment, educational
facilities, medical facility and also availability of basic needs, viz. food, clothing, and
housing. The area was lacking in employment opportunities, social security and
sanitation facilities.
3.6.8
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
13
8 11 12
10
6 1
7 2
5
9 16
4
3 15
14
5 km
10 km
3.6.9
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Dakshin
District Udupi Overall
Demographic Parameters Kannada
Total
Udupi Karkala Mangalore
20 06 32
Total No. of Villages 06
(Including 3 City)
15945 2374 24910
Total area in Hectors 6591
(Including 3 city)
1876 28353
Total No. of Households 21311 5166
8029 125159
Total Population 95589 21541
338 502
Density (persons per sq.km.) 599 327
Sex ratio (No. Females per 1199 1137
1119 1193
1000 Males)
8.48 6.66
Scheduled Castes (%) 6.25 7.79
3.85 1.89
Scheduled Tribe (%) 1.52 2.79
82.45 82.57
Literate (%) 83.06 80.41
41.49 38.83
Main workers (%) 37.77 42.56
7.83 4.46
Marginal workers (%) 4.11 4.73
50.68 56.71
Non workers (%) 58.12 52.71
Source: Primary Census Abstract 2011, Udupi & Dakshin Kannada district, Karnataka.
3.6.10
Table 3.6.2 : Tehsil / Village wise details of population
Sr. Name Town/Vi Total Total Population 0-06 Child Population SC Population ST Population
No llage House- Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
hold
District & Tehsil Udupi
1 Yellur 608838 1265 5453 2543 2910 449 238 211 364 170 194 55 28 27
2 Santhoor 608844 609 2461 1118 1343 200 83 117 74 39 35 43 19 24
3 Nandicoor 608843 708 2987 1404 1583 269 141 128 332 160 172 59 30 29
4 Padebettu 608840 419 1865 849 1016 146 65 81 167 83 84 39 24 15
5 Tenka 608839 947 4226 1983 2243 342 174 168 410 198 212 19 9 10
6 Bada (CT) 608857 1757 8117 3789 4328 874 444 430 154 83 71 78 42 36
7 Belpu 608834 871 4127 1963 2164 457 229 228 311 157 154 26 14 12
8 108 Kalthur 608835 661 2851 1316 1535 243 123 120 116 58 58 97 40 57
9 Kuthyar 608836 621 2742 1220 1522 219 113 106 147 51 96 78 44 34
10 Palimar 608842 748 3319 1586 1733 282 142 140 218 118 100 29 15 14
11 Nadsal (CT) 608858 2447 11611 5735 5876 1129 597 532 907 463 444 106 55 51
3.6.11
12 Pilar 608837 880 3221 1412 1809 256 119 137 230 114 116 151 74 77
13 Hejamadi 608841 1739 8075 3806 4269 842 447 395 301 153 148 13 4 9
14 Padu 608832 1167 5137 2447 2690 421 231 190 246 109 137 59 37 22
15 Mallar (CT) 608856 1524 7765 3691 4074 901 463 438 749 374 375 95 46 49
16 Padoor 608827 407 1983 1033 950 141 68 73 31 16 15 41 23 18
17 Shirva 608825 3183 13396 6328 7068 1084 546 538 915 462 453 424 213 211
18 92 Heroor 608826 300 1286 578 708 122 64 58 26 16 10 17 9 8
19 Muloor 608833 667 3087 1415 1672 352 180 172 159 69 90 7 2 5
20 Majoor 608828 391 1880 888 992 203 98 105 121 63 58 18 9 9
Sub Total 21311 95589 45104 50485 8932 4565 4367 5978 2956 3022 1454 737 717
District Udupi, Teh- Karkala
21 Belman 608899 1220 5045 2341 2704 448 242 206 383 184 199 147 77 70
Sr. Name Town/Vi Total Total Population 0-06 Child Population SC Population ST Population
No llage House- Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
hold
22 Inna 608900 865 3523 1561 1962 312 155 157 77 34 43 116 61 55
23 Sooda 608898 537 2147 983 1164 166 83 83 166 87 79 130 58 72
24 Mundkuru 608902 1340 5747 2581 3166 499 227 272 398 172 226 112 61 51
25 Mulladka 608901 310 1353 627 726 114 60 54 107 53 54 87 41 46
26 Nandalike 608897 894 3726 1728 1998 363 188 175 548 284 264 8 5 3
Sub Total 5166 21541 9821 11720 1902 955 947 1679 814 865 600 303 297
Dakshin Kannada, Tehsil Mangalore
27 Kollur 617429 184 778 369 409 68 28 40 63 30 33 59 29 30
28 Kavathar 617430 357 1529 724 805 144 68 76 258 124 134 136 59 77
29 AthikariBettu 617425 541 2219 1031 1188 152 80 72 134 77 57 20 13 7
30 Karnire 617426 204 920 420 500 73 35 38 15 8 7 21 12 9
31 Ulipady 617428 238 1032 452 580 90 38 52 92 44 48 34 17 17
32 Balkunje 617427 352 1551 656 895 126 52 74 119 34 85 39 19 20
3.6.12
Sub Total 1876 8029 3652 4377 653 301 352 681 317 364 309 149 160
Grand Total 28353 125159 58577 66582 11487 5821 5666 8338 4087 4251 2363 1189 1174
x Source: Primary Census Abstract 2011, District Udupi and Dakshin Kannada, Karnataka
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Source: Primary Census Abstract 2011, District Udupi and Dakshin Kannada,
Karnataka
3.6.13
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
3.6.14
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Table 3.6.5 :Tehsil / Village wise details of main workers employment pattern
Sr. No. Town/Village Code No. Cultivators Agriculture Household Others
District & Tehsil Udupi
1 Yellur 608838 200 41 31 1721
2 Santhoor 608844 230 55 15 620
3 Nandicoor 608843 95 46 51 993
4 Padebettu 608840 62 11 35 684
5 Tenka 608839 93 75 23 1549
6 Bada (CT) 608857 79 11 17 2895
7 Belpu 608834 105 8 38 1240
8 108 Kalthur 608835 127 126 113 808
9 Kuthyar 608836 118 68 59 748
10 Palimar 608842 129 33 85 1138
11 Nadsal (CT) 608858 68 27 74 3701
12 Pilar 608837 264 83 9 802
13 Hejamadi 608841 156 103 106 2889
14 Padu 608832 130 43 80 1947
15 Mallar (CT) 608856 90 73 219 2441
16 Padoor 608827 158 56 45 616
17 Shirva 608825 1221 470 204 3369
18 92 Heroor 608826 62 18 9 269
19 Muloor 608833 47 18 9 869
20 Majoor 608828 86 46 2 646
Sub Total 3520 1411 1224 29945
District Udupi,Tehsil Karkala
21 Belman 608899 308 202 109 1424
22 Inna 608900 199 107 37 1003
23 Sooda 608898 243 61 2 544
24 Mundkuru 608902 436 227 64 1999
25 Mulladka 608901 94 30 37 451
26 Nandalike 608897 182 74 45 1290
Sub Total 1462 701 294 6711
Dakshin Kannada, Teh- Mangalore
27 Kollur 617429 77 17 104 151
28 Kavathar 617430 74 99 173 405
29 AthikariBettu 617425 94 21 12 729
30 Karnire 617426 50 65 91 195
31 Ulipady 617428 120 65 127 183
32 Balkunje 617427 81 50 71 277
Sub Total 496 317 578 1940
Grand Total 5478 2429 2096 38596
Source: Primary Census Abstract 2011, District Udupi & Dakshin Kannada, Karnataka
3.6.15
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Source: Primary Census Abstract 2001 and 2011, District Udupi and Dakshin Kannada,
Karnataka
Table 3.6.7 : Total population and density of 3 towns in Study Area under Udupi
Tehsil
Town Name Total Population Class Area Population Density
(2011 Census) (sq. km.) (2011 Census)
Mallar (CT) 7765 V 4.83 1608
Bada (CT) 8117 V 8.82 920
Nadsal (CT) 11611 IV 8.24 1409
Source: Town Directory 2011, District Udupi, Karnataka
3.6.16
Table 3.6.8 : Tehsil / Village wise details of infrastructure facilities available
Bank/
Sr. Village
Education Medical Water Communication Transportation Road credit SHG Power
No Name
society
BTPR,GKR,
GP(4),GMS(4),GSS, PHSC(2), PO, SPO, P&T,
1 Yellur UW,HP,TW PBS, A, TRC WBMR,AW CB SHG PSAU
PSS, FWC(2) TP, PCO
R,FP
BTPR,GKR,
PPPS,GPS(3),GMS(3 PHSC, D, CW,UW,HP,T SPO, P&T, TP, PBS, A, T, V,
2 Santhoor WBMR,AW CB SHG PSAU
),GSS,GSSS, FWC W PCO TRC
R,FP
BTPR,GKR,
SPO, P&T, TP,
3 Nandicoor GPS(3),GMS(2) PHSC, FWC UW,HP,TW PBS, A, V, TRC WBMR,AW CB SHG PSAU
PCO
R,FP
BTPR,GKR,
PPPS,GPS,PPS, SPO, P&T, TP, PB, PBS, A, T,
4 Padebettu PHSC, FWC UW,HP,TW WBMR,AW NA SHG PSAU
GMS, PCO V, TRC
R,FP
BTPR,GKR,
GPS(2),GMS(2),GSS, PHSC, V, PO, SPO, P&T, PBS, A, T ,V,
5 Tenka UW,HP,TW,S WBMR,AW ACS SHG PSAU
GSSS,GA&SDC FWC TP, PCO TRC
3.6.17
R,FP
PHC, PHSC, BTPR,GKR,
GPS(2),PPS,GMS(2),
6 Belpu M&CWC, UW,HP,TW SPO, TP, PCO PBS, A, TRC WBMR,AW ACS SHG PSAU
PMS,GSS(2)PSS(4)
TB, D,FWC R,FP
BTPR,GKR,
GPS(2), GMS(2),
7 108 Kalthur PHSC, FWC UW,HP,TW SPO, TP, PCO PBS,TRC WBMR,AW NA SHG PSAU
GSS,
R,FP
BTPR,GKR,
8 Kuthyar GPS, GMS, PHSC, FWC UW,HP,TW SPO, TP, PCO PBS, TRC WBMR,AW NA SHG PSAU
R,FP
PHSC, D, V, PO, SPO, P&T, PBS, A, T, V,
9 Palimar GPS(2),GMS(2) UW,HP,TW CB SHG PSAU
FWC TP, PCO TRC
PPPS, GPS(3), PPS, PHC, PHSC, BTPR,GKR,
PO, SPO, P&T, PBS, A, T, V,
10 Pilar GMS(3), PMS, PSS, M&CWC, UW,HP,TW WBMR,AW CB SHG PSAU
TP, PCO TRC
GSSS, TB, V, FWC R,FP
Bank/
Sr. Village
Education Medical Water Communication Transportation Road credit SHG Power
No Name
society
PPPS, GPS (2), PPS,
BTPR,GKR,
GMS(2), PMS, PHSC(2), CW,UW,HP,T PO, SPO, P&T, PBS, A, T, V,
11 Hejamadi WBMR,AW CB SHG PSAU
GSS(2), PSS, GSSS, FWC(2) W TP, PCO TRC,S/R/F
R,NW,FP
PSSS, GO.
PHC,
PPPS, GPS(3), BTPR,GKR,
PHSC(2), PO, P&T, TP, PBS, A, T, V,
12 Padu GMS(4), GSS(2), UW,HP,TW WBMR,AW CB SHG PSAU
M&CWC, PCO TRC
GSSS, GA&SDC R,FP
TB, FWC(2)
BTPR,GKR,
GPS(6), GMS(5),
13 Padoor PHSC,FWC UW,HP,TW SPO, TP, PCO PBS, TRC WBMR,AW NA SHG PSAU
GSS,
R,FP
GPS(9), PPS(3),
GMS(8), PMS(3), CHC, BTPR,GKR,
PO, SPO, P&T, PB, PBS, A,
14 Shirva GSS(3), PSS(2), PHSC(2), V, UW,HP,TW WBMR,AW ACS SHG PSAU
TP, PCO T,TRC
GSSS(2), FWC(2) R,FP
PA&SDC(2), GO.
3.6.18
BTPR,GKR,
SPO, P&T, TP,
15 92 Heroor NA PHSC, FWC UW,HP,TW PB WBMR,AW NA SHG PSAU
PCO
R,FP
PPPS, GPS(2),
BTPR,GKR,
PPS(2), GMS(2),
16 Muloor PHSC,FWC UW,HP,TW SPO, TP, PCO PBS, A, TRC WBMR,AW CB SHG PSAU
PMS(2), GSS,
R,FP
PSS(2), PSSS,
BTPR,GKR,
PB,PBS,A,V,TR
17 Majoor GPS,GMS PHSC,FWC UW,HP,TW, SPO,TP,PCO WBMR,AW NA SHG PSAU
C
R,F
PHC,PHSC(
GPS(4), GMS(4), BTPR,GKR,
2), M&CWC, PO, P&T, TP, PBS, A, T, V,
18 Belman PMS, GSS(2)PSS, UW,HP,TW WBMR,AW CB,ACS SHG PSAU
TB, V, PCO TRC
GSSS, R,FP
FWC(2)
PHC, PHSC, BTPR,GKR,
19 Inna GPS(3), GMS, GSS M&CWC, UW,HP,T/P/L SPO, TP, PCO PBS, A, T, TRC WBMR,AW NA SHG PSAU
TB, FWC R,FP
Bank/
Sr. Village
Education Medical Water Communication Transportation Road credit SHG Power
No Name
society
PHC, PHSC, BTPR,GKR,
GPS(3), GMS(2), UW,HP,TW,R SPO, P&T, TP,
20 Sooda M&CWC, PBS, A, T, TRC WBMR,AW CB SHG PSAU
GSS, /C PCO
TB, FWC R,NWFP
PPPS, GPS(4), PPS, PHC, PHSC, BTPR,GKR,
CW,UW,HP,T PO, SPO, P&T, PBS, A, T, V,
21 Mundkuru GMS(3), PMS, GSS, M&CWC, WBMR,AW CB,ACS SHG PSAU
W,R/C TP, PCO TRC
GSSS, TB, FWC R,NWFP
BTPR,GKR,
UW,HP,TW,R
22 Mulladka PPPS, GPS, GMS, PHSC,FWC TP, PCO PBS, A, TRC WBMR,AW NA SHG PSAU
/C
R,NWFP
PHC, PHSC, BTPR,GKR,
PPPS, GPS(2)PPS,
23 Nandalike M&CWC, UW,HP,TW SPO,TP, PCO PBS, TRC WBMR,AW NA SHG PSAU
GMS(2), PSSS,
TB, FWC R,NWFP
TWT, UW, BTPR, GKR,
24 Kollur GPPS, GPS PHSC, FWC TP, PCO PB, PBS,A NA SHG PSAU
HP, TW AWR, F
BTPR,
TWT,TWU,H SPO, P&T, TP,
25 Kavathar GPS PHSC,FWC PB, V, TRC GKR,WBMR NA SHG PSAU
3.6.19
P,TW,T/P/L PCO
, AWR,FP
AthikariBett GPPS(3),GPS(3),GM TWU,CW,HP, BTPR, GKR,
26 PHSC,FWC SPO, TP, PCO PB, PBS, A, T, V CB SHG PSAU
u S,GSS TW,R/C,T/P/L AWR,FP
BTPR,
TWT,TWU,H SPO, P&T, TP, PB, RS, T, V,
27 Karnire GPS,GMS, NA GKR,WBMR NA SHG PSAU
P,TW,HP,R/C PCO TRC
,FP
TWT,
BTPR, GKR,
28 Ulipady GPPS,GPS PHSC,FWC UW,HP,TW,R TP, PCO PB, PBS, A, NA SHG PSAU
AWR,FP
/C
PHSC,V,FW UW,HP,TW,R BTPR,GKR,
29 Balkunje GPPS,PPS,PMS,PSS SPO,TP,PCO PB,PBS,A NA SHG PSAU
C /C AWR,F
Source: District Census Handbook 2011, District Udupi&Dakshin Kannada, Karnataka
Abbreviations
3.6.20
School Service
GSSS: Govt. Senior Secondary FWC: Family Welfare P&T : Post And Telegraph BTPR: Black PSAU: Power Supply
School Centre Office Topped (pucca) For All Users
Road
PSSS: Private Senior Drinking Water PCO : Public Call Office /Mobile WBMR: Water NA : Not Applicable
Secondary School Bounded
Macadam Road
GA&SDC: Govt. Arts and CW: Covered Well TP: Telephone (landlines) AWR : All
Science Degree College Weather Road
PA&SDC: Private Arts and UW :Uncovered Well Transportation facility NW: Navigable
Science Degree College Waterways
(River/Canal
GO: Government Others HP: Hand Pump PBS : Private Bus Service F : Footpath
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
3.6.21
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Table 3.6.11 : Details of interaction with different groups in the study area
Sr. Village Name Main Person No. of Their Activities Major Issues
No. and Group & Contact No. persons
Present
Yermal /Tenka
1 Gram Mrs. Aruna 13 All activities of Gram Load shedding 3-
Panchayat Kumari Panchayat level 4 hour at a day,
(Sarpanch) Employment,
Yuvaka Mr. Jagannath 14 Own Building, Library, Skill Development
Mandala(R.) (VP) Musical activities, Sports, center,
Yerma lThenka Contribution for medical Employment,
(fisherman) camp, Regular service Sea water
activities(village cleaning Pollution, fishes
etc.),association with not getting
REDCROSS, and Public regular, Fish
awareness programme Market problem
2 Bada
Gram Mrs. Nagratna 18 All activities of Gram Solid waste &
Panchayat Karkera Panchayat level sanitations
(Sarpanch) problems(lack of
land) Tourism
Development,
Migration,
employment etc.
3 Yellure
3.6.22
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
3.6.23
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
3.6.24
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Chapter 4
Anticipated Environmental
Impacts and Mitigation
Measures
The first step is list the project activity and identify the types of impacts,
which would initially occur. The next step is to select each impact and identify the
secondary and tertiary impacts, which are induced as a result. This process has been
repeated until all possible impacts were identified. The greatest advantage of this
approach is that it allows for identifying the impacts by selecting and tracing out the
events as they are expected to occur.
4.1
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Construction Operational
Activity
Phase Phase
Release of Air
Pollutants Release
of Heat
Impact on Particulates
Primary Change in
Visibility Deposition on Soil, Climatic
Impacts Air Quality Water, Structures Changes
Secondary Impact on
Impacts Human Health
Impact on
Tertiary Impact on
Socio-Cultural
Impacts Economic Output
Environment
4.2
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Noise Emission
Primary
Impacts Change in Ambient Noise Level
Impact on Impact on
Tertiary Economic socio-cultural
Impacts output Environment
4.3
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Construction Operational
Activity
Phase Phase
Toxic Substances on
Change in soil Land, Particulates
Texture & Permeability Deposition on Land
Impact on
Live Stock
Tertiary Impact on
Agricultural Produce Population
Impacts
4.4
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
4.5
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Topography of the proposed site is mostly even and drains towards north of
the project area. The existing site elevation is ~ 27 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL).
The proposed plant area will be suitably elevated using the material from proposed
ash pond area. The cutting and filling will be balanced within the plant area. The major
change in the topographical feature of area would be erection of power plant structures
and ash pond. This will be a permanent change.
4.6
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Land of the existing and proposed plant site falls in Industrial area. Apart
from the change in land use pattern within the project site there will not be any
significant adverse impact on the surrounding land use during the construction period.
The construction activities will result in loss of vegetation cover and topsoil
to some extent in the plant area. It is proposed to construct line drains for storm water
to minimize the soil erosion. Apart from localized construction impacts at the plant site,
no adverse impacts on soil in the surrounding area are anticipated.
The main sources of emission during the construction period are the
movement of equipment at site and dust emitted during the levelling, grading,
earthwork and foundation works. Exhaust emissions from vehicles and equipment
deployed during the construction phase is also likely to result in marginal increase in
the levels of SO2, NO2, PM and CO. The impact will be for short duration and confined
within the project boundary and is expected to be negligible outside the plant
boundaries. The impact will, however, be reversible, marginal and temporary in nature.
Proper maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment will help in controlling the
gaseous emissions. Water sprinkling on roads and construction site will prevent
fugitive dust.
All the water required during construction phase will draw from Arabian Sea
and no groundwater is proposed to be utilized for the project during construction and
operations and hence, no impact is envisaged on the ground water resources.
4.7
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
restricted mostly to daytime. The noise control measures during construction phase
include provision of acoustic enclosures around the equipment and regular
maintenance of the equipment.
The initial construction works at the project site involves land clearance.
During construction activities vegetation may be disturbed which can be considered
insignificant. Greenbelt will be developed during construction to improve the aesthetic
value in the area and to screen out the fugitive dust generated during construction.
The removal of vegetation from the soil and loosening of the topsoil generally causes soil
erosion. However, such impacts will be confined to the project site and will be minimized
through paving and water sprinkling. The option of transplantation of trees will also be
studied to save the existing matured trees and replant them in the area earmarked for
greenbelt development.
The proposed project will be in notified industrial area as per KIADA 1966 in
the gazette of Karnataka. Land acquisition is being done by Karnataka Industrial Area
Development Board (KIADB) as per Karnataka Industrial Area Development Act 1966
which have inbuilt mechanism for Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R). After
notification of 168.10 Ac land, which is part of the total land, under 28 (4) of KIADA,
Compensation Fixation Committee chaired by District Commissioner of Udupi has
fixed the Compensation and R&R package with consent of the all project affected
people of this part of the land. Other land area is in the process of acquisition by
KIADB for which notification under section 28 (1) and 28 (3) of KIADA has been
completed and R&R package shall be fixed in similar manner by Compensation
Fixation Committee. M/s UPCL offers same Compensation and R&R package for all
project affected people from total 730 Ac land proposed for this project.
The project site terrain is flat and plain and therefore dozing or levelling may
only be to some extent. Vegetation on topsoil will be removed prior to commencement
of bulk earth work. During dry weather conditions, dust may be generated by activities
4.8
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
like excavation and transportation through flexible/ rigid pavements as per functional
requirement roads. The dust suppression would be arrested by using water sprinklers.
x Provision for insulating caps and aids at the exit of noise source on the
machinery;
x The use of damping materials such as thin rubber/lead sheet for
shielding the work places like compressors, generator shed;
x Adoption of shock absorbing techniques to reduce impact;
x Provision of inlet and outlet mufflers which are easy to design; and
x Provision of earmuffs to the workers and enforcement of its use by the
workers.
4.9
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The construction site shall be provided with sufficient and suitable toilet
facilities for workers to allow proper standards of hygiene. These facilities would be
connected to a septic tank and maintained to ensure minimum environmental impact.
The major air pollutants from a TPP are Particulate Matter (PM), SO2, NOX
and CO, which are emitted continuously from the stacks (point sources), attached with
coal combustion boilers. The fugitive emissions of coal dust are also contributed by
coal handling activities at storage yard, wind erosion, spillages from conveyor system,
pulverization etc.
4.10
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The emissions from point sources at TPS are very important for impact
assessment as these sources are comparatively large, continuous in nature and are
released at higher elevations above ground level. The impacts on air environment
from stacks depend on the quality of coal used and can extend to far distances
depending on prevailing meteorological conditions. The fugitive emissions (mainly coal
dust) are generally less in quantity and it is released relatively closer to ground level
which cause impact in the immediate vicinity to very limited distances (about 1-3 km).
Amongst the continuous point source emissions, PM, SO2 and NOX will be of prime
concern as they are emitted in large quantity depending on the type of coal used and
efficiency of air pollution control equipment. As regards the fugitive emissions, the
main pollutant required to be considered is coal dust from different sources.
There are several air quality simulation models available for prediction of air
pollution impacts at ground level. They deal with different types of sources, variety of
topographic (terrain) conditions and predict short term, long term, and local as well as
regional impacts. In the present case multiple point source Gaussian Dispersion
Model (ISC), applicable to industrial sources located on flat as well as undulated
terrain model has been applied for prediction of impacts on air environment due to
stack emissions. This model has been widely recognized as predictive tool in impact
assessment for air environment. The Gaussian plume dispersion formulae approved
by CPCB has been incorporated in this model to meet regulatory requirements in
India.
The project under study is for the proposed 2x800 MW units at the existing
TPP of Udupi Power Corporation Limited (UPCL). The existing electric power
generation capacity at UPCL is 2x600 MW and after implementation of proposed
expansion it would be 2x600 + 2x800 MW. The details related to actual operation
conditions of existing power plant and the atmospheric emissions in terms of SO2, NOX
and PM were provided by UPCL. The atmospheric emissions data provided by UPCL
for the existing power plant (based on stack monitoring results) are given in
Table 4.4.1.
4.11
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
+Temperature of flue gas goes down in future scenario as FGD shall be installed to
treat 100% of flue gases
4.12
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Under future scenario (after expansion to 2800 MW), maximum SO2 and
NOX emissions will be 40.14 MT/day and 51.97 MT/day respectively which will be
actually less than the total SO2 and NOx emissions from existing 2x600 MW power
plant because UPCL is planning installation of FGD and advance NOx control
technology for 100% of flue gases in both existing and proposed units with this
expansion. With 99.99% control efficiency of ESP, the total PM emissions would be
10.882 MT/day. The details are given in Table 4.4.3.
4.13
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
MW units. Hence, stack emission concentrations of SO2 and NOx (in terms of mg/Nm3)
are less in the proposed scenario as compared to the concentrations under existing
scenario.
4.4.1.2 Meteorology
- For day or night: If total cloud cover (TC) = 10/10 and ceiling <7000 ft
(2134 m), NR=0
- For night-time (defined as period from one hour before sunset to one
hour after sunrise):
a) If TC<4/10, use NR = -2
b) If TC>4/10, use NR = -1
The hourly meteorological data used for the prediction of ground level
concentrations (GLCs) of pollutants during winter season are given in
Table 4.4.4.
4.14
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The impact on air quality due to emissions from single source or group of
sources is evaluated by use of mathematical models. When air pollutants are emitted
into the atmosphere, they are immediately diffused into surrounding atmosphere,
transported and dispersed due to winds. The air quality models are designed to
simulate these processes mathematically and to relate emissions of primary pollutants
to the resulting downwind air quality. The inputs include emissions, meteorology and
surrounding topographic details to estimate the concentration of conservative air
pollutants.
4.15
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
- Terrain adjustments
- Stack-tip downwash
- Gradual plume rise
- Buoyancy-induced dispersion
- Complex terrain treatment and consideration of partial reflection
- Plume reflection off elevated terrain
- Building downwash
- Partial penetration of elevated inversions is accounted for
- Hourly source emission rate, exit velocity, and stack gas temperature
The ISCST-3 model thus provides estimates of pollutant concentrations at
various receptor locations.
The maximum ground level concentrations of SO2, NO2 and PM10 were
computed using hourly meteorological data of winter season over an area of 10 km x
10 km with a grid size of 250 m x 250 m. Ground level concentrations (GLCs) under
present (2x600 MW) and future (2x600 MW + 2x800 MW) scenario are described
below.
Prediction of Impacts
The cumulative ground level impacts of PM, SO2 and NOX due to point
sources at Udupi TPP are predicted in terms of 24 hourly averages since the baseline
status was monitored on 24 hourly bases and also the prescribed National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) for these pollutants are in the form of 24 hourly averages.
4.16
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
North Direction
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
East Direction
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
North Direction
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
East Direction
4.17
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
North Direction
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
East Direction
The ground level concentrations at 1.7 km in WNW direction from stack are
increasing from scenario to future scenario because temperature of flue gas will go
down after installation of FGD system for 100% of flue gases. However, ground level
air quality after expansion would be well within the prescribed NAAQS for industrial,
residential and other areas.
4.18
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The noise levels were measured at a distance of 3 m from the source inside
UPCL at various noise sources. The cumulative noise level at a particular location
within the study area due to a noise source can be computed by using the following
model:
Where,
Lp2 and Lp1 are the noise levels at the distance r2 and r1 respectively from
the source and Ae1,2 is the excess attenuation along the path r2 – r1 due to
environmental absorption, scattering and other shielding effects.
Total noise level Lp (total) due to all sources can be determined by the
following equation:
Where
Lpa, Lpb, Lpc are the noise levels at a sampling point due to sources, A, B,
C etc.
Using equation (1) and (2), cumulative noise level due to existing sources in
the UPCL was calculated and was found to be in the range of 42 – 43 dBA. According
to the expansion plan, at least six additional noise sources are anticipated. A
cumulative noise level due to existing noise sources and anticipated noise sources is
calculated by using the above models and the resultant noise level was found to be
around 43 – 45 dBA. Thus, after expansion, the noise levels, situated at 2 kms in SW
direction of the existing power plant will increase hardly by 1 – 2 dBA.
The equivalent noise level due to traffic is estimated using Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) Noise Model as:
Where,
Leq (h)i - Leq at hour h due to ith vehicle type
Loei - Reference mean energy level for ith vehicle type
4.19
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Noise levels due to movement of light, medium and heavy vehicles on the
roads have been calculated by using the above model and cumulative effect was
computed, using the following model
Where,
Leql, Leqm and Leqh are equivalent noise levels for light, medium and
heavy vehicles respectively.
The area around the main gate of power station is traffic affected specially
during peak hours between 1600 Hrs – 1700 Hrs, when the General Shift is over. The
equivalent noise level due to traffic at the Main Gate, at a distance of 10 m from the
road was calculated by using above model and the Leq is found to be 61.43 dBA
(Leq). A traffic load of heavy, medium and light vehicles is agglomerated in front of
main gate during the peak hour. Traffic density observed at main gate of the existing
power plant is given in Table 4.4.6.
Table 4.4.6 : Traffic density observed at main gate of the existing power plant
Time Numbers of Flyash Bulkers Numbers of Numbers of
Numbers of
Intervals and other Industrial Heavy Public Light Carriage
Two/Three
Vehicles (Earth Movers/ JCB/ Transport Vehicles (LCV),
Wheelers and
Excavators etc) Heavy Vehicle Car/Jeep
Cycles/others
(Trucks, Bus)
06.00 Hrs – 30 47 120 225
09.00 Hrs
09.00 Hrs – 10 65 225 430
12.00 Hrs
12.00 Hrs – 15 140 309 384
15.00 Hrs
15.00 Hrs – 20 110 215 265
18.00 Hrs
18.00 Hrs – 15 140 167 236
21.00 Hrs
21.00 Hrs – 8 5 40 110
24.00 Hrs
00.00 Hrs – 5 3 10 15
03.00 Hrs
03.00 Hrs – 7 5 35 65
06.00 Hrs
4.20
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Total water requirement for the existing plant is 10,000 m3/hr and for
proposed expansion water requirement is estimated to be 14,381 m3/hr. Nearly 80-
85% of the water requirement is for cooling towers. Source of water is sea for the
present as well as for future requirements.
Blow down from cooling towers for the existing units is 7200 m3/hr whereas
from the proposed units it will be 9106 m3/hr. Total outfall of water from cooling tower,
reject from RO and DM plant is 7850 m3/hr for the existing units and for proposed units
it will be 10739 m3/hr. Thus nearly 70-75% of the total water requirement is / shall be
discharged back to the sea through guard pond (after meeting the temperature norms).
Water balance diagram for the proposed expansion is given in Fig. 4.4.5.
4.21
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Fig. 4.4.5 : Water Balance Diagram for the Proposed Units (Also provided in A3 as Annexure 12)
4.22
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Waste water (Sewage) generated from the power plant shall be treated, this
treated sewage water will be utilized for green belt development so that there will be
zero discharge of wastewater.
A separate Marine EIA study has been conducted through National Institute
of Oceanography (NIO) to assess the impact due to drawl of sea water and discharge
into the sea. Salient findings of the study are given in Chapter 7.
The total additional land requirement for the proposed project is about 730
acres (295.65 ha) that includes 180 acres (72.9 ha) for main plant, 278 acres (112.59
ha) for Ash dyke and 272 acres (110.16 ha) for railway yard/marry-go round facilities
inside the plant. The additional land requirement for different facilities for expansion by
2x800MW is given in Table 4.4.8.
4.23
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Construction Phase
Indirect influx of labour force during the construction phase is likely to lead
to change in landuse; however, this impact will be of short-term and reversible in
nature.
Operational Phase
The ash handling plant will be designed on the basis of daily coal
consumption and assuming the worst quality coal containing about 25% ash. It is
normally seen that the percentage of fly ash and bottom ash are 80% and 20%
respectively. UPCL is proposing to use High Concentration Slurry Disposal System.
This system envisages provision of slurry mixing tank of piston/piston diaphragm
pumps of high capacity for disposal of ash slurry. The ash concentration is expected to
be in the range of 65 – 72% by weight and the water concentration would be in the
range of 35 – 28%.
4.24
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Similarly, for transferring the ash to the silo, necessary piping arrangement
shall be provided. The entire ash disposal system (dense phase) shall be provided
with PLC (Programmable Logic Control) based panels to operate it automatically in a
sequential manner as per the given programme.
Bottom ash and unutilised fly ash will disposed to ash pond through HCSD
system.
Ash Dyke
The ash dyke already developed for the existing power plant is
approximately 3 km away from UPCL main plant. The capacity of the existing ash dyke
is about 7,50,000 m3. Efforts shall be made for 100% utilization of ash. However, to
meet the immediate future needs, high concentrated slurry disposal system shall be
used. In addition, based on future requirement, additional land besides existing ash
disposal area can be procured. It may thus be seen that, disposal of ash produced
from the proposed unit shall not pose any problem. Land accommodating the ash
cannot be used for any agriculture purpose/vegetation unless the top soil is formed to
support plant growth. Ash utilization has to be done to the maximum possible extent so
as to reduce the adverse impact of ash on land environment.
Water level is maintained in the ash pond to ensure that fly ash does not get
air lifted. However, greenbelt development in and around ash dyke will help in
arresting the particulate matter emanating from the ash disposal site.
4.25
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Thermal power plants are considered as one of the major air pollution
emission sources which can affect local and regional air quality. Sulphur dioxide (SO2),
oxides of nitrogen (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and
particulates (which may contain trace metals) are emitted from the combustion of coal
and auxiliary fuel.
The largest wastewater streams from the thermal power plant are cooling
tower blow down which are relatively less polluted which is discharged back to sea
with minimal effects on water quality. UPCL is proposing the discharge of condenser
cooling water back to Arabian sea with delta temperature of 5 degree centigrade as
per the applicable standards and Induced Draft Cooling Towers shall be installed. The
impact of the release of the cooling water blowdown and De-Sal plant reject into the
sea has been assessed in Marine EIA study conducted by the NIO. An adverse impact
on terrestrial ecosystem is anticipated due to changes in land use and subsequently to
loss of habitat of the local fauna at the project site.
Expansion of the existing thermal power plant within the area would create
beneficial as well as adverse impacts on the socio-economic environment. These are
briefly described here as positive and negative impacts.
Positive impacts
x Increase in job opportunities for local as well as people in the region
during construction and operation phase of the project
x Increase in business opportunities for the local people, due to which
economic status of the people would increase
x Increase in infrastructural resources, by way of transport and
communication, which may further improve the quality of life of the
people in that area
x UPCL would help in bridging the gap between demand and inadequate
supply of electricity in the region
x The electricity generated in additional 2x800 MW thermal power plant
will help in electrification of the villages, development of irrigation
facilities, drinking water supply etc.
x Due to the expansion of power plant there would be an overall
development of the area and additional job opportunities would be
created which may improve the quality of life of the people in that area
x Improve power electricity availability for State Government for onward
supply to meet the increasing demands in all sectors including domestic
sector in the state
4.26
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Negative Impacts
4.27
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The major types of emissions from the power plant are gaseous emissions.
In addition, wastewater and solid waste will also be generated. The quantities and the
composition of the gaseous, liquid and solid waste that are likely to be generated in the
plant will be managed and treated in such a way that their final disposal into the
environment shall meet all the statutory requirements and thus the environmental
impacts are minimized to the extent possible.
4.28
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Air pollutants from the proposed units are classified in two types i.e., point
source pollution and non-point source pollution as given in Table 4.5.1.
As per the MoEF & CC notification on TPP dated 7th December 2015,
amendment in entry No:25 in Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 is given in Table
4.5.2:
4.29
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The prime air pollutant of concern from the thermal power plant is un-
arrested fly ash emitted through chimney as Particulate matter (PM). For minimizing
the PM emissions below 50 mg/Nm3, ESP of high efficiency is installed in the existing
TPP.
The proposed TPP consists of the steam generating units which will be
provided with three parallel gas path Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) for collecting fine
dust from the boiler convective system. ESP will be selected for obtaining a particulate
matter emission below 30 mg/Nm3 in the flue gas at the outlet of the ESP. The
efficiency of the ESP shall be 99.99%. The ESP would have adequate number of ash
hoppers provided with electric heaters. The control of ESP would be based on
microprocessor using semi-pulse device. The ESP unit will be complete with casing,
hoppers, gas distribution system, heating elements for hoppers and insulators,
transformers, rectifiers and controls.
Chimney
The salient physical data of stack and flue gas emissions are given in Table
4.5.3:
The proposed TPP of 1600 MW (2X800 MW) shall maintain the SO2
emissions from the plant by following steps:
4.30
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The existing 1200 MW (2 X 600 MW) thermal power plant consists of 2 nos.
of Wet Limestone based flue gas desulphurization system. It is proposed to use the
same type of FGD for 1600 MW (2X 800 MW) thermal power plant.
Vertical SCR reactor will be used for coal fired boilers, where the flue gas
flows downward through the catalyst. The reactor contains multiple layers of catalyst.
The required volume of catalyst varies with each installation. Soot blowers are installed
to remove particulates from the catalyst surfaces. For designs with honeycomb
catalyst, the catalyst pitch is typically about 7 to 9 mm to allow easy passage of
particulates and to facilitate cleaning with soot blowers. To obtain uniform gas flow and
remove particulates, high-dust SCR designs usually include turning vanes and a flow-
4.31
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
rectifying grid in the ductwork upstream of the reactor. A hopper may be installed at
the bottom of the SCR to collect ash and other particulates separated from the flue gas
stream. The flue gas exiting the SCR is ducted to the air heater inlet.
The NOx reduction is effective only within a given temperature range. For
the majority of SNCR systems, the optimum temperatures ranges from 760˚C to
1100˚C. With SNCR, as the flue gas temperature approaches the optimum, the
reaction rate increases and fewer injection nozzles are required to achieve a given
NOx removal efficiency. Optimum temperature, along with the NOx removal efficiency
at design, flue gas temperature, flue gas flow and inlet NOx concentration, is used to
size the SNCR.
4.32
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
SNCR denox efficiency for large coal-fired units is 25-50% with no by-
products.
In order to meet the Nox level of 100 mg/Nm3, SCR is considered for this
project.
Control of CO Emissions
Carbon monoxide (CO) another kind of pollutant hardly exists in the modern
power stations as design of combustion control equipment and the furnace eliminates,
almost completely the possibility of incomplete combustion.
The wastewater treatment systems will be designed to collect and treat the
various effluents from the site as given in Table 4.5.4.
4.33
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Treated Effluent
The quality of treated effluent from the plant will conform to the applicable
standards as given in Table 4.5.5 and flow chart of existing ETP for 2600 MW is given
in Fig. 4.5.1 and similar type of system shall be implemented for proposed 2x800 MW
TPP .
4.34
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Clarifier
For the proposed power plant, the temperature rise across condenser will be
maintained as 9oC. However, in order to limit the temperature of seawater discharged
to sea, blow down from the plant is considered from cold side of cooling water.
Therefore the temperature of reject seawater at point of discharge will meet the
requirement of < 5 oC.
The exact location of intake and outfall has been selected based on
seawater oceanographic and recirculation study conducted by CSIR-NIO, Goa (2016).
The coordinates of intake and outfall locations are given earlier in Chapter 2.
4.35
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Fig. 4.5.2 : Proposed intake and outfall location for 2x600 MW and 2x800 MW on
bathymetry chart as recommended by CSIR-NIO, GOA
Equipment Noise
In the plant, various equipment like pumps, cooling tower, compressors etc.
generate the noise. Equipment will be designed to conform to noise levels prescribed
by regulatory authorities. The noise level ranges expected from various noise
generating sources in the proposed plant are given in Table 4.5.6
4.36
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Table 4.5.6 : Expected Sources of Noise Generation and Noise Levels in the
Proposed Plant
Sr. Unit Expected Noise Level dB(A)
No. [1 m away]
1 Turbine unit 80-85
2 Cooling tower 65-70
3 Air compressors 80-85
4 Transformer 70-75
5 Boilers 80-85
Provision of acoustic enclosures to noise generating equipment like pumps
will conform to noise levels prescribed by regulatory authorities. In Places where it is
difficult to meet the prescribed noise levels, personal protection equipment will be
provided to the workers. The wide greenbelt around the plant will attenuate the noise
level dissemination outside the plant boundary.
To achieve the noise limitations around the equipment, the main measures
taken will be as follows:
x Providing noise enclosures for equipments with unacceptable noise
levels.
x Small units like condensate and vacuum pumps, will be designed so as
to limit noise emission,
x Bypass valve, the desuperheater and the relevant piping will be covered
with acoustic insulation.
x To achieve the noise limitations in the control room, the control
equipment such as computers and its accessories (printers, etc) and
the air conditioning system will be designed so as to limit noise
emission.
x During maintenance/inspection works, the personnel will wear ear
protection devices.
4.37
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
As per CPCB standards for ambient noise level for various areas /zones, the
proposed sites falls under the category of industrial area. The details of noise
standards/rules 2000 are given earlier under section 3.2 of Chapter 3.
The storm water drainage system will consist of a network of open drains.
The run-off from plant area, open areas, buildings and installation shall be carried
through the network of open drains running all along the road system.
It is planned to use the storm water during monsoon season in the cooling
process. Storm water shall be pumped back from storm water drain to cooling tower
basin. It is estimated that during peak monsoon season about 5% of water requirement
can be met by pumping the rainwater to cooling towers.
4.38
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The main solid waste from the proposed power plant will be ash (fly ash and
bottom ash). Considering worst coal quality with 25% ash content, a maximum of
about 216 TPH of ash will be generated from the proposed power plant. The fly ash
has high pozzolonic properties and form cementaceous material when mixed with lime
and water and it is suitable for the following commercial uses:
x Cement industries
x Brick industries
x Light weight aggregates
x Road sub-base
x Grouting material
x Roads / paving used as filler in asphalt mix for roads
x Road widening and
x Land filling material
It is proposed to utilize 100% fly ash generated from the project by 4th year
to various end users like cement, RMC and brick manufacturing industries in the
vicinity. All the efforts will be made to utilize fly ash for various purposes. Only during
emergency situation the ash will be disposed in ash pond through HCSD system. To
control fugitive dust emissions from the ash pond area, water film will be maintained in
the ash pond. Liners of permeability of less than 10-6 will be provided in the ash pond
in order to arrest any seepage of ash pond water into groundwater. After the ash pond
is abandoned, the entire area will be reclaimed through tree plantation.
4.7.3 Gypsum
Gypsum is generated from the FGD (Flue Gas Desulphurization) unit as a
result of reaction of SO2 with lime stone slurry to remove sulphur dioxides in the stack
emissions. About 1.64 Lac tonnes per annum of lime shall be consumed for FGD
operation and as a result about 2.46 Lac tonnes per annum of gypsum shall be
generated from 2x800 MW units. Gypsum which is a demand and value added product
which shall be utilized to various end users like cement manufacturers, fertilizer
industries, plasterboard manufacturers etc. The details of lime stone requirement and
gypsum generation are given in Table 4.7.1.
4.39
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Table 4.7.1 : Limestone requirement and gypsum generation for existing and
proposed TPP
Description Existing 2X600 Existing 2X600 Proposed 2X800
MW TPP with MW TPP with MW TPP with FGD
FGD for 25% FGD for 100% for 100 % Flue
Flue gas Flue gas gases
Quantity of limestone 56 226 299
required (at 50% lime
purity basis as worst
case), TPD
Quantity of Gypsum 85 340 449
Generation, TPD
The list of the factories alongwith details of agreement for Fly Ash utilization
and Gypsum utilization are given in Annexure 11.
4.40
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Ecology
a. Terrestrial Impact on Emissions Emission will be As ambient air quality
plant from stack controlled as well as will be within limits, no
species dispersed through active injury to the
appropriate design. vegetation is expected
4.41
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
4.42
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
4.43
Chapter 5 : Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Site)
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Chapter 5
Analysis of Alternatives
(Technology and Site)
5.1 Site Alternatives and Analysis
The state of Karnataka is poised for rapid industrial development and large
scale use of electric power for industry would be forthcoming. The demand for power
generation capacity will continue to increase that warrants need for increasing the
power generation to minimize the expanding gap between demand and supply.
In the context of the above, present proposal has been prepared for
expansion of existing 2x600 MW thermal power plant of Udupi Power Corporation
Limited (UPCL) to 2800 MW by addition of 2 x 800 MW Thermal Power Plant (TPP) at
village Yelluru and Santhru in Notified Industrial Area in Karnataka. Main plant of the
proposed (2x800 MW TPP) expansion falls partly within the existing plant area and
partly in additional contiguous land. Additional land identified for expansion by 2x800
MW falls in Notified Industrial Area in village Yelluru and Santhru in tehsil Udupi,
district Udupi. As the site is located adjacent to the existing TPP units No. 1 & 2 and it
is easily approachable/accessible from rail and road, the site selected is quite suitable
and satisfies the relevant criteria for site selection.
The following factors which influence the site selection have been favorable
to select the proposed site:
x Availability of adequate unused land for erecting power plant structures;
x Already available railway line for coal transportation;
x Adequate land being available for coal storage yard;
5.1
Chapter 5 : Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Site)
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Elevation of plant site and ash pond is ~27 meter above MSL. Proposed
project site conforms to the prescribed guidelines in terms of distance over 500 m from
High Flood Level (HFL) of the river, highways and railway line. The nearest water body
is Arabian sea which is 4.5 Km. Mulki and Uadayavara is flowing within 10 km radius
area. Nearest point of Mulki river is about 5.0 km in south and nearest point of
Udayavara river is 6.0 km in North from Project site.
5.2
Chapter 5 : Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Site)
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The required resources for implementation of the project are also available
nearby project site. Water requirement for existing and proposed power plants are
drawn from Arabian sea which is at a distance of 4.5 km. Coal requirement of the
project will be 70% imported coal & 30% domestic coal. Till the domestic allocation
form MOC is received, 100% imported coal form Australia and Indonesia can be used.
The soil at the site selected for construction of the proposed plant in also suitable.
Considering all above aspects the site selected for the project is well suited for the new
unit.
Sub-critical conditions occur when the steam pressure is below 221.2 bar(a)
where mixture of steam and water co-exists. Typical steam pressures for sub critical
units will be about 170 kg/cm²(a).
5.3
Chapter 5 : Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Site)
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The following graph shows efficiency gains that can typically be achieved
through the use of higher steam pressures and temperatures on a single reheat cycle.
From the graph, it can be noted that, as the pressure is increased, so the gains made
by increasing the steam temperatures are marginally greater.
Other factors which affect the cycle efficiency are the number of reheats,
single or double, the condenser pressure, single/dual condenser pressures, the
number of feed water heaters, pressure drop through the reheater, inherent steam
turbine efficiency etc.
5.2.4 Development of Supercritical Technology Worldwide
Around mid to late 1980s when the pressure from the greenhouse gas issue
began to be felt, European countries and Japan embarked on a major program of
advancing the efficiency of the steam cycle with increased steam
pressures/temperatures. High cost of fuel is another major driver for advancement in
5.4
Chapter 5 : Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Site)
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
supercritical and ultra-supercritical pressures and temperatures for boiler and turbine
cycle.
Many Ultra Supercritical units of sizes between 600 MW and 1000 MW have
also been commissioned in Germany, Japan, Italy and USA in the past 10 to 15 years.
Few Ultra supercritical Units are under execution in China. These units adapted steam
temperatures up to 610°C.
Suppliers for Supercritical / Ultra Supercritical Units are from Europe, Japan,
China and USA.
Major OEMs from Europe are GE-Alstom and Siemens for both boilers and
turbines, and Hitachi Babcock Borsig Power for boiler design. In Japan, MHI and
Hitachi offer both boiler and turbines, and Toshiba offer only turbines, IHI only boilers.
The major USA manufacturers also offer supercritical boilers of a similar design to
those offered by the German and Japanese manufactures.
5.5
Chapter 5 : Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Site)
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Apart from BHEL, private sector firms such as L&T, JSW and Barath Forge
formed JV Company with OEMs from Japan and Europe have come up to establish
design, manufacture and execution capabilities for Supercritical technology based
Power Units in India. Doosan India and TBW India has established facilities in India for
supercritical Boiler through their Technology tie-up with their respective parent
company.
OEMs with manufacturing base in India for Supercritical units are given in
Table 5.2.
To determine the steam conditions for the power cycle, potential increase in
the cycle efficiency gains at elevated steam pressures and temperatures needs to be
considered. Plant thermal efficiency and therefore environmental performance are
5.6
Chapter 5 : Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Site)
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Table 5.3 : Typical Range of Turbine Cycle Heat Rate for Supercritical (SC) / Ultra
Super Critical (USC) Parameters
* Above Turbine cycle heat rates are considering turbine driven boiler feed pump
Steam parameters at steam turbine inlet for Ultra Supercritical are: 270 bar
(a), 600/600°C.
Most of the leading OEMs are having proven design / operating experience
with the above parameters. Many utilities in India have started gaining operating
experience with the above ultra supercritical parameters. Proven materials for Boiler
pressure parts, critical piping, steam turbine parts are available.
5.7
Chapter 6 : Environmental Monitoring Program
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Chapter 6
Environmental Monitoring
Program
Based on the baseline data collected on various environmental parameters
and with the prediction of impacts, it is desirable to have an environmental monitoring
program to establish the trend of various environmental parameters and also to check
their compliance with the discharge limits specified by the regulatory agencies. The
details of the proposed environmental monitoring program are summarized below.
x Air Quality (stack emissions & ambient air including fugitive emissions)
x Water and Effluent Quality
x Soil Quality
x Ecology
6.1
Chapter 6 : Environmental Monitoring Program
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
x Noise Levels
x Green Belt Development
x Social Welfare Activities Undertaken
6.2
Chapter 6 : Environmental Monitoring Program
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Copper) ETP
10. Test Wells 4 Nos Test As per the parameters Once in a 4 Additional
surrounding wells specified under IS:10500; Month Test wells
Ash Pond ground water levels
11. Ground 6 Nos Test As per the parameters Once in a No additional
Water along Wells specified under Month location
the pipe line IS:10500:2012; and ground
corridor water levels
12 Marine Near Intake Sea Water Quality Once in a Near Intake
Water and Outfall Parameters, Phytoplankton month and Outfall
Quality Locations diversity and biomass, locations
Monitoring Zooplankton diversity and
biomass, Macrobenthos
and Lethaltoxity test
Online Environmental Monitoring Program (In-house Facility)
Note: All the parameters are being monitored as per applicable standard methods
and the same shall be followed for future expansion also.
6.3
Chapter 6 : Environmental Monitoring Program
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
6.4
Chapter 6 : Environmental Monitoring Program
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
6.5
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Chapter 7
Additional Studies
1. EIA Studies for the Seawater Intake & outfall and identification of suitable
intake location by CSIR-NIO, Goa (June 2016)
2. Hydrogeological study by Geo Engineering Services, Vadodara, Gujarat
(June 2016)
3. Socio-economic study, need assessment and CSR Plan by Department of
Social Work, Mangalore University, Mangalore (June 2016)
4. Wild life study and conservation plan by Dr. Bharat Jethva, a senior wildlife
ecologist and category-A, accredited (MoEF-QCI-Government of India) expert
of Ecology and Biodiversity.
Key findings of the above studies have been incorporated in this chapter.
Further, details of CSR initiatives undertaken by UPCL and interaction with the public
by the NEERI study team are included.
7.1
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
7.2
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
7.3
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
x Model results indicated that the impact of high saline, warm water
released into the coastal sea is very negligible as the net excess
temperature is 0.66qC and excess salinity is 1.19 psu at the proposed
outfall location. The warm and high saline water discharge were
confined within an area of 500 sq. m around the outfall location and no
change in the water quality of the coastal environment is envisaged due
to the discharge.
x An increase of 0.02°C and 0.08 psu have been noticed in temperature
salinity at the proposed intake point during the entire simulation period
covering spring tide, neap tide and calm periods, which can be
considered negligible.
7.4
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
7.5
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Detailed introduction of the project site and study area is given in Chapter 2
of the hydro-geology study. Methodology adopted, instruments and equipment
deployed during the study are discussed in Chapter 3. Chemical analysis of the
surface water samples infer that there is seawater influence in the estuary and along
the coastal zone during high tide due to mixing of fresh water with seawater. Tube and
open wells do not show much variation with respect to drinking water standard
IS 10500:2012, which is dealt in detail in the Chapter 4. Electrical resistivity analysis of
the study area as depicted in Chapter 5 shows that there is shallow water zone in all
locations. Major water bearing formation in the study area is laterite followed by
weathered granite and gneisses.
7.6
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
groundwater regime is estimated and given in Table 7.1. The score and type of
impact is assessed as per the category given in Table 7.2.
The overall impact of the project site is assessed in terms of water quality
and quantity. The water level in the study area is shallow.
7.7
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
7. Develop rainwater harvesting for the purpose of utilizing rain water use
within plant along with de-salined water.
7.8
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The scope of the study was to address the related points of Terms of
Reference (ToR), dated: 13.08.2015, granted by MoEF& CC for EIA studies for the
expansion of UPCL power plant by addition of 2 x 800 MW units.
CSR activities undertaken in the region and also proposed are briefly
described here.
The Foundation runs the CSR activities majorly in following four key areas:
2. Community Health - Reaching out with basic health care to all (bridging
the gap).
7.9
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The CSR activities are being executed in the villages falling under the
following Grama Panchayat limits:
x Yelluru
x Mudarangady
x Tenka
x Bada
x Padubidri
x Belapu
x Palimar
x Inna
To support the poor and needy students in the surrounding villages, Adani
Foundation through UPCL is distributing education kits in the Government and
Government Aided Schools.
CC cameras and Solar lighting systems are installed in the two Schools and
provision of the same is under progress for many other schools.
UPCL runs Mobile Health Unit with one doctor and nurse, especially meant
for catering to the needs of nearby villagers for their medical checkups and assistance,
for meeting the requirements of villagers regularly in the surrounding villages.
7.10
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Blood donation event in the name of GO-RED in the plant premises and
also in the villages of Inna and Paniyuru was conducted in association with District
Hospitals of Udupi and Mangaluru. 458 Units of Blood was collected and handed over
to District Hospitals.
Women and Children Health Check-up and Dental Check-up Camps were
organized in surrounding villages in association with A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences,
Mangaluru and K.M.C, Mangaluru.
3. Encourage savings
In addition to the above mentioned activities they have also taken up various
skills development initiatives for the women and youth and also they have planned
some innovative techniques in agriculture, provide support for common well and farm
pond deepening. In other initiatives, capacity building for various village institutions
and groups has also been undertaken.
7.11
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
UPCL also sponsors for various sports and cultural programs organized
by the local youth associations in order to preserve local/ rural sports and cultural
activities.
UPCL also sponsors for Kambala Sports events, a local sport every year.
7.12
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
7.13
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Blood Donation Camp in Villages Health Checkup for Women & Children
7.14
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Table 7.3 : Need Based CSR Interventions and Budgetary Estimate for Study
Area (10 Km radius area form proposed project)
Thematic Area and CSR Interventions Proposed Proposed Expenditure
(Rs. in crores)
Capital Recurring
A. Education
1. Support in improving the basic facilities amenities at the 9.0 2.0
schools like adding classrooms, auditorium or distribution of
uniforms, science lab.
2. Programme for skills improvement of teaching staff in the
elementary schools.
3. Increase the co-curricular and extra-curricular activities in the
schools to avoid dropouts.
4. Igniting minds of students through exposers to new age
technologies and scholarships.
B. Community Health
1. Mobile Health Care Units. 5.0 1.0
2. Poor Patient Assistance Programme and organize medical
camps including alcohol de-addiction camps.
3. Provide equipment’s for differently-abled and disabled people
in the community such as the disabled, to have an
autonomous life.
4. Establish and support blood bank in identified villages in
collaboration with health centers for the benefit of general
public during an emergency.
5. Generating awareness on issues related to tabooed health
practices in the society like personal hygiene and menstrual
hygiene for ladies and girls.
6. Scheme for psychiatric health in collaboration with the existing
health centers.
7. Medical insurance scheme for disabled and tribal population.
C. Livelihood Development
1. Vocational and skill development trainings for the household 6.0 1.5
women and to local youth of all communities as part of income
generation activities.
2. Extend assistance to start SHGs to empower women and
material and financial support to take up self-employment.
3. Alternate livelihood opportunities creation for the seasonally
unemployed people like fisher folk.
4. Creation of an endowment of Fishermen Welfare Fund to
enhance their quality of life through creation of facilities for fish
landing platforms / fishing harbour / cold storage, also to
provide relief in case of emergency situations such as missing
of fishermen on duty due to rough seas, tropical cyclones and
7.15
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
7.16
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The total budget required for implementation of CSR activities in all the
villages proposed by UPCL is Rs. 35.0 corers as capital expenditure, which will be
spent during project construction period of about five years. Subsequently, recurring
expenditure of, Rs. 8.0 crores per annum is proposed for various welfare activities
under CSR.
7.17
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
7.18
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
7.19
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
7.20
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
7.21
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
In general majority of the people supported this expansion project and requested for
continued CSR activities with more demands/facilities for the overall development of
the region.
7.22
Chapter 8 : Project Benefit
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Chapter 8
Project Benefit
8.0 Introduction
The proposed developmental activities in this region will result in
improvement of infrastructure as well as upliftment of social structure in the area. The
people residing in the nearby areas will be benefited indirectly. It is anticipated that the
proposed power plant will provide benefits for the locals in two phases i.e. during
construction phase as well as during operational stage.
The major benefits envisaged from the project that it will boost to industrial
development of the region due to assure availability of power to Country/State and
industries. As a result, there would be more opportunities for employment generation
to the locals especially the young people. An estimated 1500 people shall be
employed during construction period and about 500 persons will get employment in the
project during the operation stage. The company also proposes to provide training to
local youths, so that their skills can be gainfully used in project activities. The project
will create opportunities for direct employment. The project will also create
opportunities for indirect employment due to increase in trades viz. stockist / retailers
of building material, groceries, provision shops, medical stores, garment shops,
furniture shops, etc.
8.1.1 Employment
The major benefit due to the proposed project will be in the sphere of
generating temporary employment for substantial number of personnel. Approximately
1500 persons would be required for the construction work, most of them would be
unskilled workers, although the power plant construction needs a large number of
skilled personnel as well. These construction workers shall be taken from the study
area to the extent possible. Hence, the proposed project will benefit locals to some
extent.
8.1.2 Community Services
UPCL shall employee suitably local people to the extent possible in order to
reduce the need for additional infrastructure. In addition, UPCL shall develop
necessary infrastructure like accommodation, water supply, sewerage, medical facility,
etc. for catering to the needs of the project personnel and their families. The local
people will be indirectly benefited by these developments.
8.1
Chapter 8 : Project Benefit
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
8.2
Chapter 8 : Project Benefit
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
(Rs. In crores)
Sr. Key Areas Identified for Capital Expenditure Recurring
No. Intervention through CSR for CSR Activities Expenditure for CSR
Activities by UPCL for during Project Stage Activities during
Sustainable Development Operational Stage
1. Education 9 2
2. Livelihood development 6 1.5
3. Community Health 5 1
4. Rural Infrastructure Development 5 1
5. Community Environment 8 2
6. Monitoring and Evaluation of 2 0.5
Sustainable Development Activities
7. Total Expenditure 35 8
To achieve the objectives in these thematic areas, CSR activities shall be
planned in participatory mode involving the local residents from the activity
identification and planning stage.
8.3
Chapter 9 : Environmental Cost Benefit
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Chapter 9
Environmental Cost
Benefit
The proposed site for setting up power plant has been approved and in the
existing land available with Adani. The site is undulating with scrub vegetation, barren
land and some agriculture land. Therefore, it will not involve loss of vegetation and
biodiversity will not be affected as the vegetation is similar in the whole area with no
sensitive ecosystem or rare and endangered flora or fauna and hence no
environmental loss will be there in terms of net productivity value.
The project cost, expenditure and budgetary provision on the
implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) are presented in EMP
of Chapter 10 of the report. Besides the tangible benefits, the project has got number
of intangible benefits like minimum emissions of the green house gases, no adverse
impact on environment, socio economic benefits to the local people and the region and
enhancement of the fuel/energy for the country. The establishment of power plant at
Udupi site, when operated will provide significant supply of energy/electricity to the
consumers.
9.1
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Chapter 10
Environmental Management
Plan
10.1
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
x Onsite workers would strictly use noise protection devices like earmuffs.
The construction machinery would be so maintained to minimize the
noise levels generated
Coal based thermal power plants emit fly ash as the major pollutant besides
varying degree of other pollutants namely: coal dust, sulphur dioxide and oxides of
nitrogen, carbon monoxide, heat etc.
For fine dust control, bag filters have been successfully tried in such
operations. Better efficiency dry collection system shall prove to be long term cost
effective because of possibility of coal recovery in the process.
Flue Gas
For high efficiency collection of fly ash in flue gas from the boiler, ESP will be
provided having collection efficiency of 99.99%. To control SO2 and NOx emissions,
flue gas desulphurization system and de-nox system shall be installed to achieve
applicable emission standards. Further stack height of 275 m shall be provided for
better atmospheric dispersion of air pollutants.
10.2
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Fly ash from the ESP hopper will be removed either pneumatically or by
hydraulic system. Proper maintenance of ESP would be done at regular intervals to
prevent fugitive emissions.
General Measures
The following air pollution control measures have been recommended for
implementation by UPCL at the proposed power plant:
x All the internal roads would be asphalted to reduce dust emissions due
to vehicular movement
x Ambient air quality for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO would be
regularly monitored around the project site. The identification of
monitoring locations shall be done in consultation with the State
Pollution Control Board officials. For AAQ monitoring more locations
shall be planned in downwind directions with one or two locations in
predominant upwind direction to delineate the impact from proposed
project
x Continuous flue gas monitors for measuring the levels of PM, SO2, NOX,
CO and Hg would be installed for the stack. Port hole and sampling
facilities would also be provided at suitable location to check stack
emissions at regular intervals through portable kits
10.3
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The data of the same shall be used as and when required for the
proposed plant.
x Personal protective devices such as dust filters, ear plugs etc. would be
provided to the workers.
10.4
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
This effluent will be either reused as plant service water or sent to polishing
tank for mixing with other effluents after adequate treatment.
The effluent carrying oil spillage etc. would be taken to oil/water separation.
The decanted oil (containing small amount of water) would be taken to a slop oil tank
for further separation. The decanted oil will be stored in a tank for reuse. The
supernatant water will be sent ETP for further treatment.
During monsoon season, the problem of coal yard drainage becomes critical
due to coal particles and dust in the yard. To take care of this problem, the entire coal
storage yard would be provided with separate drains, which will be led to a common
sump of adequate capacity. The settleable solids will settle in the sump and the clear
water will be used for floor washing purpose/sprinkling.
The power house and boiler area effluents are likely to contain oil/grease in
small quantity. These will be taken to the oil/water separators, slop oil tank and treated
in the same way as the oil handling area effluent.
Sanitary Waste
10.5
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
It has been proposed by UPCL to adopt zero discharge principle for the
proposed units. Zero discharge will be achieved by utilizing wastewater for ash
disposal using High Concentration Slurry Disposal system (HCSD) and for
gardening/greenbelt development.
x Evaluation of the effluent treatment plant for its performance after its
commissioning would be undertaken at regular intervals to keep a
check on the treated effluent quality and sludge disposal/management
x The oily sludge’s from oil separator would be disposed off at identified
location as per KSPCB requirements/guidelines.
With a view to attenuate air pollutants, to absorb noise and to care of uptake
of water pollutants, it is proposed to develop a greenbelt all round the boundary (as
feasible) and at several locations within the power plant premises.
The plant species suitable for greenbelt development will be selected based
on the following criteria:
x Fast growing
10.6
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Keeping in view the nature of pollutants expected from power plant and
pollution attenuation coefficient of plants, the following plant species are short-listed for
plantation:
10.7
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Roadside plantation
Greenbelt area within the existing and proposed power plant marked on plot
plan is shown in Fig. 10.1.
10.8
10.9
Fig. 10.1 : Existing and Proposed Greenbelt development marked on the plot plan area of the power plant
(Also provided in A2 as Annexure 7)
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of 2x800 MW (Phase II)
Udupi Thermal Power Project, Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Draft Report – August 2016
10.2.4.2 Proposed Method of Fly Ash Collection and Disposal for 2x800 MW unit
It is proposed that the unutilized fly ash should be disposed off using High
Concentration Slurry Disposal (HCSD) technology for 2x800 MW TPP.
The use of fly ash will be as per the recent MoEF Notification. Details of fly
ash generation and its utilization for various purposes for the existing 2x600 MW
power plant at UPCL is given in Table 10.1.& 10.2.
10.10
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of 2x800 MW (Phase II)
Udupi Thermal Power Project, Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Draft Report – August 2016
Table 10.3: Details of fly ash generation and utilization after expansion
of TPP to 2800 MW (2020-2021 to 2024-25)
Year Coal Ash in Fly Ash Fly Ash Fly Ash
Consumption Coal Generation Utilization Utilization
(MT) (%) (MT) (MT) (%)
2x600 MW Units
2020-21 3421000 12 410520 410520 100
2021-22 3421000 12 410520 410520 100
2022-23 3421000 12 410520 410520 100
2023-24 3421000 12 410520 410520 100
2024-25 3421000 12 410520 410520 100
2x800 MW Units
2020-21 6200000 25 1550000 775000 50
2021-22 6200000 25 1550000 1177500 75
2022-23 6200000 25 1550000 1413000 90
2023-24 6200000 25 1550000 1570000 100
2024-25 6200000 25 1550000 1570000 100
Note: 1. Maximum 12% of ash content in coal for 2x600 MW units have been kept as
per EC from MoEF&CC for existing TPP
2. The commissioning of proposed project 2×800 MW is expected by year 2020.
The domestic solid waste normally constitutes about 50% organic matter.
This material can be composted to yield the compost which can be used along with the
chemical fertilizer in the horticulture/greenbelt development.
10.11
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of 2x800 MW (Phase II)
Udupi Thermal Power Project, Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Draft Report – August 2016
Composting
The refuse vehicles coming to the compost plant would directly go to the
windrow site. This will cover 0.6 ha of land with flagstone paving. The material would
be directly put on the ground from where it will be turned at 5 days intervals manually
or by using a front end loader. The windrow would be 2 m wide, 1 m high and 6 m
long. Thus every windrow would contain about 6 tonnes of material and would be
turned 4 times and at the time of final turn. It will be loaded in a trailor which would
take it to a hopper. The material from below the hopper would fall on a horizontal
conveyor belt where workers standing on either side of it can manually remove glass,
plastics, metals etc. The material would then fall into input hopper of a size reduction
unit. As the material has already undergone decomposition, it would be amenable for
disintegration and the size reduction can be taken to the maturation pile where it can
be stored in 2 m high windrows for a minimum period of 1 month. At the end of this
period, much of the resistant organic matter would also have been degraded and the
material can be conveniently applied on the farms. The total area that will be required
for this composting plant will be 1.5 ha. In addition to the plant, a building will have to
be provided to house the front end loaders and other equipments.
The non-compostable material i.e. solid waste that will be removed from the
canteen/guest house and it will have to be disposed off. Similarly, if for some reasons
the composting can’t be carried out, the whole quantity will have to be land filled. For
the entire operation, adequate land must be made available. These materials can be
disposed off by using sanitary landfilling.
In general, the process involves filling of low-lying land with refuse in such a
manner as to ensure the process to remain sanitary. Normally, after the material is
deposited at the site, it is spread, compacted and covered at the end of every days
operation with a layer of earth. The earth layer prevents the possibility of rats
burrowing through it, fly breeding etc. Sanitary landfilling is normally carried out in 3
ways:
i) Trench Method
ii) Area Method
iii) Ramp Method
Trench method is normally used in the case of flat terrain or where the soil
can be easily excavated. Area method is suitable for irregular or marshy waste land
having a high level of groundwater as in such cases excavation for the more orderly
10.12
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of 2x800 MW (Phase II)
Udupi Thermal Power Project, Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Draft Report – August 2016
method of trench and ramp types cannot be carried out. Ramp method is commonly
used in the case of flat or gently rolling areas.
In the studies carried out all over India, NEERI has observed the bulky
wastes such as heavy wood waste etc., are absent in Indian solid wastes. Also the
initial density of city refuse in India is observed to be between 500-800 kg/cm3 as
compared to 125-200 kg/m3 in developed countries. The use of manual labour is quite
cheap in India. Keeping this in view, following stepwise approach is recommended for
landfilling.
2. Provide an all weather access road from existing main road to the point
at which filling is to commence. This road can be prepared from
construction and demolition waste, ash, clinker, etc. A small stock of
this material should be maintained at the site for day to day repairs
3. To help guide vehicle to the spot provide flags or pegs on the location
which will help demarcate it. To indicate height to which filling has to be
done, ‘sight rails’ should be provided
4. The filling should start from point nearest to road. The vehicles should
approach the point after reversing. Tipping vehicles can unload faster
and hence assure a quicker out-turns. The dumped material can be
spread and leveled manually by using rakes having a number of teeth.
By using Ramp method, the filling will move progressively inside the site
5. To indicate the point where vehicles should stop for unloading, a strong
heavy wooden bumper bar can be provided
6. To avoid the rear wheels of vehicles from sinking in the newly deposited
mass, cover the area near working face with steel or wooden sleepers
10.13
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of 2x800 MW (Phase II)
Udupi Thermal Power Project, Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Draft Report – August 2016
x It needs to be seen that the provisions under the Hazardous and other
wastes (Management & Transboundary movement) Amendment Rules
2016 are implemented by UPCL. UPCL will also seek authorization
from the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board under the provisions
of above rules for 2x800 MW TPP.
10.14
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of 2x800 MW (Phase II)
Udupi Thermal Power Project, Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Draft Report – August 2016
Based on baseline status of the study area and the likely adverse impacts of
the project, following measures are suggested for desirable achievement of goals from
the project:
x Providing credit support to the women folk will greatly enhance and
improve their economic strength and in order to make them aware and
understand the system of composite credit mechanism, a considerable
number of self help women groups have to be formed in all the clusters
and suitable training programmes should be organized for them
10.15
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of 2x800 MW (Phase II)
Udupi Thermal Power Project, Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Draft Report – August 2016
considering the migrating population and the work force in the area, if
required
The company has a full-fledged safety department to look after the safety
issues of the plant. The same shall be followed in future expansion also.
10.16
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of 2x800 MW (Phase II)
Udupi Thermal Power Project, Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Draft Report – August 2016
10.17
Chapter 10 : Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of 2x800 MW (Phase II)
Udupi Thermal Power Project, Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Draft Report – August 2016
Thus, the project contributes in reducing the carbon emissions intensity in the
country and also reduces the average overall environmental impact of the country’s
power generation system.
CO2 emission of the proposed power plant has been computed based on the
user guide issued by Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Govt. of India.
CO2 emissions are calculated using the formula given as under:
Where:
Abs CO2 : Absolute CO2 emission of the station in the
given fiscal year
Fuel Consumption : Amount of fuel consumed in the fiscal year: 18
MTPA
GCV : 4000 Kcal/kg
EF : CO2 emission factor of the fuel based on GCV:
92.8
Oxidation factor : Oxidation Factor of the fuel: 0.98
Fuel consumption is 6.2 MTPA. The Gross Specific CO2 emission of the
proposed 2x800 MW shall be 0.78 tonnes of CO2/MW h. As per CO2 Baseline
Database for the Indian Power Sector, Version 10 of 2014, published by CEA, the
weighted average emission factor for Southern Grid in India is 0.82 tonnes of CO2/
MW h.
10.18
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Chapter 11
Risk Assessment Study
11.1 Introduction
Risk Assessment (RA) provides a numerical measure of the risk that a
particular facility poses to the public. It begins with the identification of probable
potential hazardous events at an industry and categorization as per the predetermined
criteria. The consequences of major credible events are calculated for different
combinations of weather conditions to simulate worst possible scenario. These
consequence predictions are combined to provide numerical measures of the risk for
the entire facility.
Risk analysis has been carried out for the power plant under various
scenarios through various tools and techniques as detailed below.
11.2.1 Methodology
MCA analysis involves ordering and ranking of various sections in terms of
potential vulnerability. The data requirements for MCA analysis are:
x Operating manual
x Flow diagram and P&I diagrams
x Detailed design parameters
x Physical and chemical properties of all the chemicals
x Detailed plant layout
x Detailed area layout
x Past accident data
11.1
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Flash fire may occur due to its less vapour temperature than ambient
temperature. Hence, as a result of a spill, they are dispersed initially by the negative
buoyancy of cold vapours and subsequently by the atmospheric turbulence. After the
release and dispersion of the flammable fuel the resulting vapour cloud is ignited and
when the fuel vapour is not mixed with sufficient air prior to ignition, it results in
diffusion fire burning. Therefore the rate at which the fuel vapour and air are mixed
together during combustion determines the rate of burning in the flash fire.
The main dangers of flash fire are radiation and direct flame contact. The
size of the flammable cloud determines the area of possible direct flame contact
effects. Radiation effects on a target depend on several factors including its distance
from the flames, flame height, flame emissive power, local atmospheric transitivity and
cloud size. Most of the time, flash combustion lasts for no more than a few seconds.
11.2
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
depends upon mass flow rate, ambient temperature; heat of vaporization of material
released, vapour pressure of material released and discharge duration. Emissive
power generated from the pool surface depends upon pool burning rate, heat of
combustion of release material, atmospheric transitivity and area of pool.
The pool fire being either tank or bund fire consists of large volumes of
flammable material at atmospheric pressure burning in an unconfined space. The
flammable material will be consumed at the burning rate depending on factors
including the prevailing winds. During combustion, heat will be released in the form of
thermal radiation. Temperatures close to the flame centre will be high but will reduce
rapidly to tolerable temperatures over a relatively short distance. Any plant building or
persons close to the fire or within the intolerable zone will experience burn damage
with the severity depending on the distance from the fire and the time exposed to the
heat of the fire.
11.3
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
from the torch, the ignited pool or gas cloud. The physical significance of the various
heat loads is highlighted in Table 11.1.
Table 11.1 : List of Damages Envisaged at Various Heat Loads
Data analysis helps in correlating the causal factors and the corrective steps
to be taken for controlling the accidents. It is, therefore, of vital importance to collect
the data methodically, based on potential incidents, sections involved, causes of failure
and the preventive measures taken. This helps to face future eventualities with more
preparedness.
x Chemical identities
x Location of process unit facilities for hazardous materials.
11.4
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Fire and explosion index is then calculated as the product of Material Factor
(MF) and Unit Hazard Factor. Degree of hazards based on FEI and TI is given in the
following Table 11.2.
Table 11.2 : Degree of Hazards Based on FEI
FEI Range Degree of Hazard
0 – 60 Light
61-96 Moderate
97 - 127 Intermediate
128 - 158 Heavy
159 and Above Severe
Source: Dow’s Fire and Explosion Index Hazard Classification Guide,
Seventh Edition, AIChE Technical Manual (1994)
11.5
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Details of LDO/HSD storage tank, pump and H2 storage facility are given in
Table 11.4.
Table 11.4: Details of Storage Tanks, Pump and H2 Storage Facility
Sr. Parameters Value
No.
A LDO/HSD Storage Tank
1 Operating Temperature °C 40
2 Operating Pressure (bar) 1
3 Capacity (m³) 500
4 Material Handled Diesel
6 Height (m) 8
7 Material of Construction Carbon Steel
8 Tank Roof Fixed Roof
B Pump
1 Operating Temperature °C 100
2 Operating Pressure (bar) 6.86
3 Capacity (m³/Hr) 40
4 Material Handled Diesel
C Hydrogen Storage
1 Storage Capacity 7kg
2 Temperature 40 °C
3 Pressure 120 Bar
4 Number of Cylinders 300 Cylinders
Using the above data, damage distances were computed for different leak and
catastrophic scenarios under different heat load and weather conditions. The results
are summarized in Tables 11.5-11.8.
11.6
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
11.7
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
11.8
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Scenario Leak Size Source Pool Weather Damage Distance (m) for
Considered (mm) Strength Radius Category Various Heat Loads
(kg/sec) (m) 37.5 12.5 4.0
2 2 2
kW/m kW/m kW/m
5D - 26 49
2F - 21 42
Catastrophic - - 3D - 22 44
5D - 26 48
Pump 1.66 0.00 2F - 36 54
3D - 42 61
10
5D - 52 69
25 10.41 0.01 2F - 49 82
3D - 54 91
5D - 57 99
50 41.66 0.02 2F - 79 132
3D - 82 142
5D - 88 154
2F - 35 73
Catastrophic - - 3D - 37 79
5D - 42 89
11.9
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Damage Contours
Case I: LDO/HSD Storage Tank
Pool Fire
The pool fire scenario was visualized by considering different leak sizes of
10 mm, 25 mm and 50 mm and catastrophic rupture for various heat loads 37.5
kW/m2, 12.5 kW/m2 & 4 kW/m2 under the weather conditions of 2F, 3D and 5D. The
damage distances due to 10 mm leak for the heat load of 4kW/m2 were found to be 32
m, 33 m and 34 m under weather conditions of 2F, 3D and 5D respectively. The
damage contour is shown in Fig. 11.1.
Fig. 11.1: Damage Contour for Pool Fire Scenario due to 10 mm Leak
at 4 kW/m2 in LDO/HSD Storage Tank
11.10
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Jet Fire
The scenario of jet fire was visualized by considering different leak sizes of
10 mm, 25 mm and 50 mm and catastrophic rupture for various heat loads 37.5
kW/m2, 12.5 kW/m2 & 4 kW/m2 under the weather conditions of 2F, 3D and 5D. The
damage distances due to 50 mm leak for the heat load of 37.5, 12.5 and 4 kW/m2 were
found to be 37 m, 45 m and 55 m respectively under 5D weather condition. The
damage contour for single cylinder is shown in Fig. 11.2.
Fig. 11.2: Damage Contour for Jet Fire Scenario due to 50 mm Leak in Hydrogen
Storage (Single Cylinder) for 5D Condition
11.11
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Diesel Oil
Fire is one of the major hazards which can result from diesel oil storages.
Following are the mitigative measures for the diesel storages:
Hydrogen Storage
x Leak detection and mitigation
11.12
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
11.13
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Smoke and fire are common phenomena at large scale coal stock
piles/storage yard, similar to the proposed one. However, it is not a spontaneous
activity and could be controlled or even prevented very well by proper water sprinkling.
11.14
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Dusts of any kind when inhaled in large quantities buy human being lead to
the development of respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis and
pneumoconiosis. Pneumoconiosis is a general term used for occupational lung
disease due to dust. Workers who are exposed to both coal and rock dust (silica) may
develop mixed dust pneumoconiosis.
b) Emphysema
Emphysema is loss of the normal architecture of the lung, the normal
structure. There are big large holes where the air sacs have fallen apart and the blood
vessels that used to be around them have gone. What are left are empty holes.
c) Mixture of both
Where a person cough and produces sputum and has destroyed lung
architecture, the diagnosis is combination Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
(COPD). COPD is both Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema. It has been clearly
shown that coal dust causes both the conditions and impairment problems.
11.15
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
d) Asthma
It’s a twitchy airway syndrome. The airways are very sensitive. If one
inhales something one is allergic to the airways to spastic and one will wheeze. One
may have asthma due to coal dust exposure, but it is significant that coal dust has
been shown to worsen asthma than cause it.
11.16
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
11.17
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Tsunami
x Do not stack or install vital material or equipments on floors or
basement lying below tsunami inundation level
x Use corrosion resistant concrete & steel for the portions of the building.
x Focus resources on minimizing the spread of water into other areas of
the plant
x Choose sites at higher elevations
x Raise the buildings above flood elevation
x Protect hazardous material storage facility located in tsunami prone
area
x For Embankment instability, design water front slopes, walls &
buttresses to resist saturated soils without water in front
x Locate flammable materials storage outside of high - hazard areas
x Plan evacuation routes from thermal plant to more safer place
x Telephone lines are frequently overwhelmed in disaster situations and
emergency calls should be lined up
x Evacuate personnel as needed and utilize the fire alarm system if an
immediate evacuation is required
11.18
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Several Government agencies, both at the Central and State levels, are
entrusted with the responsibility of ensuring safety and management of hazardous
chemicals under Acts and Rules made for the purpose. Despite these measures, the
possibility of accidents cannot be ruled out. Operations at thermal power plants are
carried out as per International and good Industry practice. Despite these measures,
the possibility of accidents can’t be ruled out. In order to be ready to face risk of
accidents during processing, a disaster management plan is prepared to mitigate the
impact.
11.7.2 Objectives
a) Fire
11.19
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Causes of Disaster
Various causes that can lead to the above-referred types of disaster are as
follows:
- Operations
- Maintenance
- Equipment failure
- Design
x Natural calamities like:
- Cyclone/Storm/Gale/Flood
- Lightning
- Earthquake
x Projectile hitting the facility
Many disasters are preceded by some sort of warning. For example, with
the aid of satellites and network of weather stations, many meteorological disasters
like cyclones and hurricanes can be predicted and actions can be taken to
eliminate/reduce their effect to counteract them.
Period of Impact Phase
This is the period when the disaster actually strikes and very little can be
done to lessen the effects of disaster. The period of impact may last for a few seconds
(like fire, vapour leak) or may prolong for days (tank on fire, catastrophic rupture, etc.).
This is the time to bring the action plan in force. The coordinators in organization
structure will perform the responsibilities assigned to them. Needless to emphasize
that prompt and well organized rescue operations can save valuable lives.
Rescue Phase
The rescue phase starts immediately after the impact and continues until
necessary measures are taken to rush help and combat with the situation.
11.20
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Relief Phase
This is the final and longest phase. It includes rebuilding damaged property,
estimating the damages, payment of compensation, etc. Help from revenue/insurance
authorities need to be obtained to assess the damage, quantum of compensation to be
paid etc.
11.21
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Fire is one of the major hazards, Fire prevention and code enforcement is
the area of responsibility of the fire service. Safe operating practices reduce the
probability of an accidental fire on a plant. Personnel should understand their duties
and responsibilities and be attentive to conditions that might lead to fire. The following
precautions are recommended:
x There should be provision for safe handling and storage of dirty rags,
trash and waste oil. Flammable liquids and chemicals spilled on
platform should be immediately cleaned
x Containers of paints and hydrocarbon samples, gas cylinders for
welding and cutting should be stored properly. Gas cylinders should be
transported in hand-carts
x Cutting and welding operations should be conducted in accordance with
safe procedures
x Smoking should be restricted to designated platform areas and “no
smoking” areas should be clearly identified by warning signs
x Platform equipment should be maintained in good operating condition
and kept free from external accumulation of dust and hydrocarbons.
Particular attention should be given to oil pumps, seals, diesel and gas
engines which could be potential source of ignition in the event of a
failure
11.7.5.3 Emergency Planning and Response Procedures
11.22
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
considered under onsite plans, which should be properly integrated to ensure better
co-ordination.
11.23
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Plant
Manager
Section Medical
In-charge Co-ordinator
Incident
Controller
Site
Controller
Communication Communication
Officer Co-ordinator
Personal /
Administrative Emergency Transport
Co-ordinator
Manager
Before Crisis
x Prepare a plan for installations of storage and process equipments
clearly indicating probable areas of various hazards like fire, explosion,
toxic releases etc. Locations of assembly points, fire station, telephone
room, first aid or ambulance room, emergency control room, main gate,
emergency gates, should be noted in plot plan
x The fire protection equipment shall always be kept in good operating
condition and fire fighting system should be periodically tested
x The training regarding fire fighting techniques shall be provided to all
officers, truck drivers and other employees who are likely to be present
in installation
x There should be regular mock fire drills once a month record of such
drills shall be maintained
x Every employee or authorized person working in the plant shall be
familiarized with the fire alarm signal and shall know the location of fire
alarm point nearest to place of work
x Assign key personnel and alternate responsible for site safety
x Describe risk associated with each operation conducted
11.24
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
During Crisis
x In the event of fire from accidental release of flammable gas or liquid, a
person seeing the incident will follow the laid down procedure in the
plant and report as follows:
Off-site Disaster Management Plan deals with those incidents, which have
the potential to harm personnel and property or the environment outside the boundary
of plant. If it becomes necessary to evacuate people, then this can be done in an
orderly way. The different agencies involved in evacuation of people are Civil
11.25
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Administration (both state and central), Non Govt. Organizations, Factory inspectorate
and Police authorities.
Purpose
x Identifying the disaster potential scenario and advance planning to
combat and minimize the damage to life, property and environment
outside the plant
x To protect the inhabitation around the process facility against the
exposure to fire and to provide alternate safe shelters
x Rescue, relief, assistance to the people in the work/community
effectively and efficiently based on actual needs
x Collecting information locally in advance and taking further steps to
mitigate it
x Identifying persons effected and extending assistance to the causalities
x Efforts to make the situation normal after the completion of the disaster
x To take adequate measure for rehabilitation
Roles and Responsibilities of Key Personnel
11.26
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
x Ensuring supply of food, drinking water and proper sanitation for the
evacuated people
x Arranging protection of property of the evacuated people
x Co-ordinating assistance to the management for their On-Site Disaster
Management Plan
x Monitoring the shelter camps and evacuation till the normal condition is
restored
x Co-ordinating with media person about the situation till the normalcy is
restored
x Transportation of the evacuated persons back to their localities after the
emergency is over
x Investigate the cause of disaster and prepare a prevention action plan
x To monitor the condition of the affected area and to identify the
likelihood of the reoccurrence of the situation
x To train all the people under him and conduct mock drill
Duties and Responsibilities of Medical Co-ordinator
11.27
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
The occupier of the industry should also provide all technical knowhow and
expertise to COEC to mitigate the disaster.
Declaration of Normalcy
11.28
Chapter 11 : Risk Assessment Study
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
11.9 Education
Educating general public about potential hazards associated with production
and the necessary actions to be taken in case of accidents will be one of the prime
areas of Disaster Management Plan. The following actions are proposed to educate
the personnel.
11.29
Chapter 12 : Summary and Conclusion
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion by 2x800 MW (Phase II)
Udupi Thermal Power Project, Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Final Report – December 2016
Chapter 12
Summary and Conclusion
M/s. Udupi Power Corporation Limited (UPCL), a subsidiary of Adani Power
Limited (APL), has established a 2x600 MW coal based power plant which is located
in notified Industrial Area at Villages Yelluru and Santhuru, Taluk Udupi, District
Udupi, State Karnataka.
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for expansion of existing power plant
has been signed between State Government of Karnataka and M/s UPCL. Accordingly
UPCL has proposed expansion of 1200 MW (2x600 MW – Sub Critical units in
Phase-I) coal based power plant to 2800 MW by addition of 1600 MW (2x800 MW –
Ultra Super critical units in Phase-II) at the land adjacent to the existing power plant.
As per the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th
September 2006 read with amendments, the proposed thermal power plant project
requires EIA study. Hence, UPCL approached CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur to conduct the
EIA study for the purpose.
The present EIA report addresses the environmental impacts of the
proposed power plant and suggests the mitigation measures along with EMP and
environmental monitoring program. The EIA report is prepared based on the Terms of
Reference (ToR) issued by MoEF&CC.
The study has been presented in detail in 11 chapters and salient findings of
the study are summarized under Executive Summary provided in the beginning of the
report.
The proposed power plant may have certain level of marginal impacts on
the local environment. However, with the implementation of the proposed pollution
control and environment management measures, even the insignificant impacts
anticipated due to construction and operation of the proposed power plant will be
mitigated. Further, development of this project will have certain beneficial
impact/effects in terms of bridging the electrical power demand and supply gap. This
will also provides employment opportunities during construction as well as operational
phase of the project.
Thus, in view of considerable benefits from the project without any adverse
environmental impact, the proposed project is most advantageous to the region as well
as to the nation.
12.1
Chapter 13 : Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Chapter 13
Disclosure of Consultants
Engaged
NEERI Vision
NEERI envisions a world in which
13.1
Chapter 13 : Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
x Environmental Monitoring
x Environmental Modeling
x Environmental Impact & Risk Assessment
x Environmental System Design
x Environmental Biotechnology
x Environmental Genomics
x Environmental Policy Analysis
¾ Advisory
13.2
Chapter 13 : Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
¾ Industry focus
x Environmental Monitoring, Management and Audit
x Environmental Technology Assessment
Medical Scientists
Administration (2) Gr. IV
(98) (110)
Technical Technical
Gr. II & I Gr. III
(66) (31)
Gr. IV(4)
Gr. IV(3)
14
21
13.3
Chapter 13 : Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
Governing Body
Chairman: Director
13.4
Chapter 13 : Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
13.5
Chapter 13 : Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Expansion of UPCL-TPP by 2x800
MW (Phase II), Yelluru, Dist. Udupi, Karnataka
13.6
Annexure 1
Compliance To TOR Conditions Issued By MoEF&CC
for 2x800 MW Thermal Power Plant of UPCL
ToR-1
TOR TOR Recommended by EAC Compliance Status
Point
No.
with recent photographs of the separate document for public
proposed site (s) shall be consultation. Photographs of the
provided. Response to the issues proposed project site are shown in Fig
raised during Public Hearing and 2.1 and Plate-2.1 of chapter 2.
the written representations (if Summary of responses to all issues
any), along with a time bound raised during public hearing and written
Action Plan and budgetary representations are included in section
allocations to address the same, 7.5.5 of this EIA report. Copy of all
shall be provided in a tabular representations with detailed responses
form, against each action and budgetary allocations are provided
proposed. in Vol-III of the EIA report.
ix Harnessing solar power within the Stand-alone & roof top Solar PV lights &
premises of the plant particularly panels shall be installed. It is estimated
at available roof tops and other that upto 5 KV of solar energy shall be
available areas shall be harnessed.
formulated and for expansion
projects, status of implementation
shall also be submitted.
x The geographical coordinates The geographical location of the
(WGS 84) of the proposed site proposed project is shown in Fig.1.1
(plant boundary), including and Fig. 2.1 of Chapter 1 and 2.
location of ash pond along with Coordinates of the proposed project site
topo sheet (1:50,000 scale) and and Ash pond (on WGS-84 datum) are
IRS satellite map of the area, shall provided in EIA report in Table2.2 in
be submitted. Elevation of plant Chapter 2.
site and ash pond with respect to Project site on topo sheet and IRS
HFL of water body/ nallah/ River satellite Map is provided in Annexure
and high tide level from the sea 6a and 6b.
shall be specified, if the site is Elevation of plant site and ash pond is
located in proximity to them. ~27 meter above MSL.
Proposed project site conforms to the
prescribed guidelines in terms of
distance over 500 m from High Flood
Level (HFL) of the river, highways and
railway line.
The nearest water body is Arabian sea
which is 4.5 Km. Mulki and Uadayavara
is flowing within 10 km radius
area.Nearest point of Mulki river is
about 5.0 km in south andnearest
pointof Udayavara river is 6.0 km in
North from Project site.
xi Layout plan indicating break-up of Layout plan indicating break-up of plant
plant area, ash pond, green belt, area, ash pond, green belt etc., is
infrastructure, roads etc. shall be provided in EIA report inFig. 2.2 of
provided. Chapter 2 and Annexure 7.
xii Land required for the project shall Land requirement for the project site
be optimized and in any case not has been optimised. The additional land
more than what has been required for the proposed project is
specified by CEA from time to 295.65 Ha (730 acres) land. After
ToR-2
TOR TOR Recommended by EAC Compliance Status
Point
No.
time. Item wise break up of land expansion total land for the project will
requirement shall be provided. become 1319.6 acres for 2800 MW as
per the CEA guidelines
ToR-3
TOR TOR Recommended by EAC Compliance Status
Point
No.
Compensation Fixation Committee is
attached in Annexure 9.
xvi Satellite imagery and The land use pattern based on satellite
authenticated topo sheet imagery representing 10 Km radius is
indicating drainage, cropping provided in Section 3.4.3.2.of Chapter
pattern, water bodies (wetland, 3 and Annexure 6b.Proposed project
river system, stream, nallahs, on Survey of India Topo-sheet is
ponds etc.), location of nearest provided in Annexure 6a.
habitations (villages), creeks,
mangroves, rivers, reservoirs etc.
in the study area shall be
provided.
xvii Location of any National Park, The existing 2x600 MW TPP and
Sanctuary, Elephant/ Tiger Proposed 2x800 MW TPP fall under
Reserve (existing as well as Industrial area notified by State
proposed), migratory routes/ Government of Karnataka under
wildlife corridor, if any, within 10 Karnataka Industrial Area Development
km of the project site shall be Act (KIADA). There is no National Park,
specified and marked on the map Sanctuary, Elephant/ Tiger Reserve,
duly authenticated by the Chief Migratory Routes/ Wildlife Corridor
Wildlife Warden of the State or an notified or proposed to be notified in 10
officer authorized by him. Km radius.
xviii Topography of the study area Topography of the study area supported
supported by toposheet on by topo sheet on 1:50,000 scale of
1:50,000 scale of Survey of India, Survey of India, along with a large scale
along with a large scale map map preferably of 1:25,000 scale and
preferably of 1:25,000 scale and the specific information is provided in
the specific information whether Annexure 6a.
the site requires any filling shall be No cutting and filling earth shall be
provided. In that case, details of transported to/from proposed project
filling, quantity of required fill site.
material; its source, transportation Details are provided in EIA report under
etc. shall be submitted. Section 2.4.1.2 of Chapter 2.
xix A detailed study on land use A detailed study on land use pattern in
pattern in the study area shall be the study area is carried out as per
carried out including identification District Census Handbook and Satellite
of common property resources Imagery by NEERI. Proposal for
(such as grazing and community additional land does not include any
land, water resources etc.) grazing land Kisam. If Grazing land is
available and Action Plan for its acquired for the project, equal area of
protection and management shall non-grazing land shall be acquired
be formulated. If acquisition of outside the project and shall be
grazing land is involved, it shall be developed as grazing land.
ensured that an equal area of
grazing land be acquired and
developed and detailed plan
submitted.
xx A mineralogical map of the Project is proposed in notified Industrial
proposed site (including soil type) Area. NOC from Department of Mines
and information (if available) that and Geology, Govt. of Karnataka is
the site is not located on obtained, which shows that there is no
ToR-4
TOR TOR Recommended by EAC Compliance Status
Point
No.
potentially mineable mineral mining lease in the additional land
deposit shall be submitted. proposed for the project.
Copy of NOC is enclosed as Annexure
10.
xxi Details of fly ash utilization plan as Details of fly ash utilization plan as per
per the latest fly ash Utilization the latest fly ash Utilization Notification
Notification of GOI along with firm of Government of India (GOI) is
agreements / MoU with provided in EIA report under Section
contracting parties including other 10.2.4.2 inChapter10.
usages etc. shall be submitted. For flyash utilization from existing 2x600
The plan shall also include MW as well as from proposed 2x800
disposal method / mechanism of MW TPP, UPCL has also done
bottom ash. Agreement/MoU with parties for 6500
Tonne per Day fly ash lifting and
utilization and Ashtech plant is already
setup at the site. For initial years this
will be sufficient to ensure Fly Ash
utilisation for proposed project, besides
UPCL shall also explore more MoU’s
with other parties.
The Agreements/MoU’s are provided in
the Annexure 11.
xxii The water requirement shall be Water requirement is optimized. No
optimized (by adopting measures ground water is proposed to be
such as dry fly ash and dry bottom extracted for the project. Source of
ash disposal system, air cooled water shall be Sea Water. Even water
condenser, concept of zero for domestic and drinking purpose shall
discharge) and in any case not be met by desalination of sea water.
more than that stipulated by CEA
from time to time, to be submitted It has been proposed by TPP to design
along with details of source of and implement wastewater disposal
water and water balance diagram. schemes so as to attain zero discharge
Details of water balance except Cooling Tower Blow Down
calculated shall take into account (CTBD) and De-Sal Plant rejects from
reuse and re-circulation of the expansion unit. Usage of treated
effluents. water for horticulture, dust suppression
and for disposal of unutilised fly ash and
bottom ash to ash pond through High
concentration slurry disposal (HCSD)
system is planned. Details are provided
in Section 2.4.2 and Table 2.6, Table
2.7 and Section 4.4.3. Water balance
diagram is enclosed in Annexure 12.
xxiii Water body/ Nallah (if any) No major water body/nallah is passing
passing across the site should not through the proposed project site.
be disturbed as far as possible. In Hence no diversion is proposed. Any
case any Nallah/ drain is first stage drainage channel passing
proposed to be diverted, it shall be through proposed land shall be drained
ensured that the diversion does along with the project boundary.
not disturb the natural drainage
pattern of the area. Details of
ToR-5
TOR TOR Recommended by EAC Compliance Status
Point
No.
proposed diversion shall be
furnished duly approved by the
concerned Department of the
State.
xxiv. It shall also be ensured that a Proposed project site conforms to the
minimum of 500 m distance of prescribed guidelines in terms of
plant boundary is kept from the distance over 500 m from High Flood
HFL of river system/ streams etc. Level (HFL) of the river, highways and
and the boundary of site should railway line as addressed in Section
also be located 500 m away from 5.1.1 in Chapter 5 of EIA report.
railway track and National
Highways.
xxv Hydro-geological study of the area No ground water is proposed to be
shall be carried out through an extracted for the project. Hydro-
institute/ organization of repute to geological study of the area is carried
assess the impact on ground and out by expert agency. No adverse
surface water regimes. Specific impact is identified on hydrogeology of
mitigation measures shall be spelt the area. Summary of Hydro Geological
out and time bound Action Plan Study report is included in Section 7.2
for its implementation shall be of Chapter 7 of EIA. Full report of
submitted. Hydro-Geology Study is enclosed as
Annexure 13
xxvi Detailed Studies on the impacts of Marine impact assessment study is
the ecology including fisheries of conducted through National Institute of
the River/ Estuary/ Sea due to the Oceanography (NIO), Goa. Summary of
proposed withdrawal of water/ the Marine EIA is included in Section
discharge of treated wastewater 7.1 of Chapter 7 of EIA report and full
into the River/ Sea etc shall be report of Marine EIA is enclosed as
carried out and submitted along Annexure 14.
with the EIA Report. In case of Coordinates of intake and outfall
requirement of marine impact locations are recommended by NIO and
assessment study, the location of presented in EIA report under Table 2.2
intake and outfall shall be clearly of Chapter2.
specified along with depth of Since the marine activities of the project
water drawl and discharge into are limited for a short period, no long-
open sea. term serious impact on the fishery of the
area is expected due to the laying of the
pipeline. A temporary disturbance of the
benthic habitat may locally affect the
demersal fishery resources of the area
for a short period. Benthos forms the
main food for most bottom dwellers and
hence, changes in the benthic standing
crop will have its consequences on the
demersal resources, at least temporally.
xxvii Source of water and its No ground water or river water drawl is
sustainability even in lean season proposed for operation of the project.
shall be provided along with Source of water shall be Arabian Sea
details of ecological impacts for which Marine EIA study is conducted
arising out of withdrawal of water through National Institute of
and taking into account inter-state Oceanography (NIO), Goa. Summary of
ToR-6
TOR TOR Recommended by EAC Compliance Status
Point
No.
shares (if any). Information on the Marine EIA is included in Section
other competing sources 7.1 of Chapter 7 of EIA report and full
downstream of the proposed report of Marine EIA is enclosed as
project and commitment regarding Annexure 14.
availability of requisite quantity of
water from the Competent
Authority shall be provided along
with letter/ document stating firm
allocation of water.
xxviii Detailed plan for rainwater It is proposed that collection pit for rain
harvesting and its proposed water shall be developed close to the
utilization in the plan shall be storm water main drain so that rain
furnished. water can be pumped during monsoon
season to cooling tower basin as
briefed in EIA report under Section
2.5.8 in Chapter 2.
xxix Feasibility of near zero discharge It has been proposed by TPP to design
concept shall be critically and implement wastewater disposal
examined and its details schemes so as to attain zero discharge
submitted. except Cooling Tower Blow Down
(CTBD) and De-Sal Plant rejects from
the expansion unit. Usage of treated
water for horticulture, dust suppression
and for disposal of unutilised fly ash and
bottom ash to ash pond through High
concentration slurry disposal (HCSD)
system is planned. Details are provided
in Section 2.4.2 and Table 2.6, Table
2.7 and Section 4.4.3.
xxx Optimization of Cycles of The cooling tower for the existing 2x600
Concentration (COC) along with MW TPP is designed for Cycle of
other water conservation Concentration (COC) of 1.25.
measures in the project shall be Cooling towers for proposed 2X800 MW
specified. TPP are designed on COC of 1.3 as
detailed in Section 2.4.2 of Chapter 2
of EIA report. Pumping of rainwater into
cooling tower basin will help in
optimization of COC during monsoon
and it is estimated that during peak
monsoon, rainwater can replace 4 to
5% of sea water requirement for
condenser cooling on daily basis as
addressed in of EIA Report under
Section 4.6 in Chapter 4
xxxi Plan for recirculation of ash pond The fly ash system will have provision
water and its implementation shall to dispose the dry ash for ash utilization
be submitted as well as dispose to ash pond area
through High concentration slurry
disposal (HCSD) pumps. Hence, there
shall be no requirement for recycling of
the water from the ash ponds as HCSD
ToR-7
TOR TOR Recommended by EAC Compliance Status
Point
No.
system is being used in place of Lean
Slurry Disposal System. However, as
second line of arrangement, existing
pipeline for water recycling from the ash
dykes shall be maintained. The details
of fly ash handling are provided in EIA
report under Section 2.7.3 in Chapter
2 and Section 10.2.4.3 in Chapter 10.
xxxii Detailed plan for conducting Detailed plan for conducting the
monitoring of water quality monitoring and record keeping has
regularly with proper maintenance been formulated.
of records shall be formulated.
Detail of methodology and Details of parameters of surface and
identification of monitoring points ground water monitoring, sampling
(between the plant and drainage locations and frequency of sampling are
in the direction of flow of surface/ planned.
ground water) shall be submitted.
It shall be ensured that parameter Parameters to be monitored include the
to be monitored also include heavy metals also.
heavy metals.
A provision for long-term Long term monitoring of ground water
monitoring of ground water table table shall be done by using Piezometer
using Piezometer shall be at identified water sampling locations.
incorporated in EIA, particularly
from the study area. Details of monitoring plan are provided
in Table-6.1 in Chapter6 of EIA report.
xxxiii Socio-economic study of the study Socio-economic study of the 10 Km
area comprising of 10 km from the radius area from the plant site is
plant site shall be carried out conducted by Mangalore University.
through a reputed institute/ Summary of the Socio Economic study
agency which shall consist of is provided in Section 7.3 of Chapter 7
detail assessment of the impact in EIA report. Detailed assessment of
on livelihood of the local the impact and need identification is
communities. done. Identification and assessment of
needs of the area is utilised to develop
the CSR plan and CSR budget
projection. Full report is enclosed as
Annexure 15.
xxxiv Action Plan for identification of CSR Details and action plan for
local employable youth for training community development are briefed in
in skills, relevant to the project, for EIA report under Section 7.3.2 in
eventual employment in the
Chapter 7.
project itself shall be formulated
and numbers specified during Detailed socio-economic and CSR
construction and operation phases study conducted by Mangalore
of the Project. University is enclosed as
Annexure 15.
xxxv If the area has tribal population it Tribal (ST) population in the study area
shall be ensured that the rights of is studied under socio economic and
tribals are well protected. The CSR study. Report enclosed as
project proponent shall Annexure 15.
accordingly identify tribal issues CSR budget is proposed in Section
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under various provisions of the 7.3.2 of Chapter 7. Tribal development
law of the land. fund is envisaged as key CSR activity.
Details of additional CSR activities for
scholarships to tribal student and
medical insurance shall be worked out
by participatory approach at project
implementation stage.
xxxvi A detailed CSR plan along with A detailed Socio-Economic and CSR
activities wise break up of study is conducted.
financial commitment shall be CSR areas are identified based on need
prepared. CSR component shall assessment study and considering
be identified considering need various suggestions and issues raised
based assessment study and by public through oral as well as written
Public Hearing issues. representations.
Sustainable income generating To address the recommendations in the
measures which can help in study, project proponent has proposed
upliftment of affected section of CSR budget that address all 5 thematic
society, which is consistent with areas i.e. Education, Health &
the traditional skills of the people Sanitation, Rural Infrastructure
shall be identified. Separate Development, Livelihood and
budget for community Community Environment development.
development activities and income
generating programmes shall be Identified CSR activities in 5 thematic
specified areas are included in Section 7.3.2 of
Chapter 7 of EIA report.
Full Study Report is enclosed as
Annexure 15.
xxxvii While formulating CSR schemes it CSR activities and proposed budget
shall be ensured that an in-built includes the monitoring of these
monitoring mechanism for the activities as detailed Section 7.3.2 of
schemes identified are in place Chapter 7 of this EIA report.
and mechanism for conducting Full Study Report is enclosed in
annual social audit from the Annexure 15.
nearest government institute of
repute in the region shall be
prepared. The project proponent
shall also provide Action Plan for
the status of implementation of the
scheme from time to time and
dovetail the same with any Govt.
scheme(S). CSR details done in
the past should be clearly spelt
out in case of expansion projects.
xxxviii R&R plan, as applicable, shall be Land acquisition is being done by
formulated wherein mechanism Karnataka Industrial Area Development
for protecting the rights and Board (KIADB) as per Karnataka
livelihood of the people in the Industrial Area Development Act 1966
region who are likely to be which have inbuilt mechanism for
impacted, is taken into Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R).
consideration. R&R plan shall be After notification of 168.10 Ac land,
formulated after a detailed census which is part of the total land, under 28
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of population based on socio (4) of KIADA, Compensation Fixation
economic surveys who were Committee chaired by District
dependent on land falling in the Commissioner of Udupi has fixed the
project, as well as, population who Compensation and R&R package with
were dependent on land not consent of the all project affected
owned by them. people of this part of the land. Other
land area is in the process of acquisition
by KIADB for which notification under
section 28 (1) and 28 (3) of KIADA has
been completed and R&R package
shall be fixed in similar manner by
Compensation Fixation Committee. M/s
UPCL offers same Compensation and
R&R package for all project affected
people from total 730 Ac land proposed
for this project. Minutes of Meeting of
Compensation Fixation Committee is
attached in Annexure 9.
xxxix Assessment of occupational For occupational health, assessment
health and endemic diseases of regular medical check-up are conducted
environmental origin in the study for all employees and contract workers
area shall be carried out and in the existing 2x600 MW TPP. Regular
Action Plan to mitigate the same medical check-ups and occupational
shall be prepared. health and safety provisions shall be
applicable for all workers in proposed
2X800 MW TPP also.
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use of personal equipment etc.
shall be provided. Review of
impact of various health measures
undertaken at intervals of two or
three years shall be conducted
with an excellent follow up plan of
action wherever required.
xli One complete season site specific AAQ monitoring was carried out through
meteorological and AAQ data a scientifically designed ambient air
(except monsoon season) as per quality monitoring network comprising
latest MoEF Notification shall be eight locations. Ambient air quality
collected and the dates of monitoring details are given in Section
monitoring shall be recorded. The 3.1 under Chapter 3 of EIA report.
parameters to be covered for AAQ
shall include PM10, PM2.5, SO2,
NOx, CO and Hg. The location of
the monitoring stations should be
so decided so as to take into
consideration the upwind
direction, pre-dominant downwind
direction, other dominant
directions, habitation and sensitive
receptors. There should be at
least one monitoring station each
in the upwind and in the pre-
dominant downwind direction at
allocation where maximum ground
level concentration is likely to
occur.
xlii In case of expansion project, air Ambient Air Quality Monitoring results
quality monitoring data of 104 and compliance against Annual
observations a year for relevant Average Standards for a year from April
parameters at air quality 2015 to March 2016 is provided in
monitoring stations as identified/ Table 3.1.6 in Chapter 3. Date wise
stipulated shall be submitted to ambient air quality data for the year
assess for compliance of AAQ 2015-16 is enclosed as Annexure 16.
Standards (annual average as
well as 24 hrs).
xliii A list of industries existing and List of large scale industries in 10 Km
proposed in the study area shall radius area is sourced from KSPCB and
be furnished. District Industrial Centre. Large
industries in the 10 Km radius area are
M/s Suzlon Wind International,
Padubidri village, M/s SE Composites
(Suzlon tower international),
Padubidri village and Oil Storage site of
Mangalore Refinery.
xliv Cumulative impacts of all sources Baseline ambient air quality monitoring
of emissions including handling was conducted at 8 locations in winter
and transportation of existing and season representing the study area and
proposed projects on the impact of exiting industries in the area
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environment of the area shall be for cumulative impact assessment.
assessed in detail. Details of the Multiple point source Gaussian
Model used and the input data Dispersion Model (ISC), designed for
used for modelling shall also be multiple point sources for short term,
provided. The air quality contours application developed by USEPA has
should be plotted on a location been used for simulations from point
map showing the location of sources. The predictions indicate that
project site, habitation nearby, the PM10, SO2, NO2 concentrations are
sensitive receptors, if any. The likely to be well within the prescribed
windrose and isopleths should limits for Industrial Residential, Rural
also be shown on the location and Other Areas. Air quality impacts
map. The cumulative study should have been discussed in EIA report
also include impacts on water, soil under Section 4.3.3 and 4.4 of
and socio-economics. Chapter 4.
xlv Radio activity and heavy metal Radioactive analysis, Proximate and
contents of coal to be sourced ultimate analysis of imported coal is
shall be examined and submitted provided in EIA report under Table 2.8
along with laboratory reports. in Chapter 2. Copy of radio activity
analysis report is enclosed in Annexure
17.
xlvi Fuel analysis shall be provided Fuel analysis is provided in EIA report
.Details of auxiliary fuel ,if any under Section 2.5.3.3 in Chapter 2
,including its quantity, quality,
storage etc. should also be
furnished
xlvii Quantity of fuel required ,its Units shall be designed to use blended
source and characteristics and coal having 70% imported coal & 30%
documentary evidence to domestic having maximum ash content
substantiate confirmed fuel
of 25% and sulphur content of 0.5%. Till
linkage shall be furnished .the
Ministry’s Notification dated the domestic coal allocation from MoC
02.01.2014 regarding ash content is received, 100% of imported coal from
in coal shall be complied .For the Australia and Indonesia can be used.
expansion projects, the Coal characteristics are addressed in
compliance of the existing units to Table 2.8 of Chapter2
the said Notification shall also be
submitted
Details of transportation of fuel Details of transportation is provided in
from the source (including port Table 2.1 in Chapter2 and impacts are
xlviii handling) to the proposed plant addressed in Chapter 4.
and its impact on ambient AAQ
shall be suitably assessed and
submitted. If transportation to the
site shall be first assessed.
Wagon loading at source shall
preferably be trough silo/conveyor
belt.
For proposal based on imported Coal shall be sourced through NMPT,
xlix coal, Inland transportation and Mangalore and existing railway line will
port handling and rail movement be used to transport the coal from
shall be examined and details NMPT to Nandikur railway station. From
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furnished .The approval of the port Nandikur siding to plant will be
and rail authorities shall be transported through dedicated railway
submitted. siding.
l Details regarding infrastructure Details are provided in EIA report under
facilities such as sanitation ,fuel, Section 2.5.6 and 2.5.7 in Chapter2.
restrooms, Medical
Facilities,safety during
construction phase etc.to be
provided to be provided labor
force during construction as well
as to the casual workers including
truck drivers during operation
phase should be adequately
catered for and details for and
details furnished
li EMP to mitigate the adverse EMP to mitigate the adverse impacts
impact due to project along with due to the project during construction
item-wise cost of its and operation phases is provided in EIA
implementation in a time bound report under Chapter 10.
manner shall be specified.
lii A Disaster Management Plant Disaster Management Plan along with
(DMP) along with risk assessment risk assessment study including fire and
study including fire and explosion explosion issue due to storage and use
issue due to storage and use of of fuel is carried and provided in EIA
fuel should be carried out. It report under Section 11.7 of
should take into account the Chapter11. DMP and Risk contours are
maximum inventory of storage at plotted on the plant layout map.
site at any point of time .The risk
contours should be plotted on the
plant layout map clearly showing
which of the proposed activities
would be affected in case of an
accident taking place .Based on
the same ,proposed safeguard
measures should be provided.
Measures to guard against fire
hazards should also be invariably
provided. Mock drills shall be
suitably carried out from time to
time to check the efficiency of the
plans drawn.
liii The DMP so formulated shall DMP has been formulated by including
include measures against likely the measures against
Fires/Tsunami/Cyclones/Storms/ Fires/Tsunami/Cyclones/Storms/Surges
Surges/ Earthquakes etc. as /Earthquakes.DMP prepared consists of
applicable .It shall be ensured that both Onsite and Off-site plans as
DMP consists of both On-site and provided in EIA report under Sections
Off-site plans, complete with 11.6.6,11.7 and 11.8 under Chapter
details of containing likely disaster 11.
and shall specifically mention
personnel identified for the task.
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Smaller version of the plan for
different possible disasters shall
be prepared both in English and
local languages and circulated
widely.
liv Detailed scheme for raising green Detailed Green belt development
belt of native species of scheme is provided in EIA report under
appropriate width (50 to 100m) Section 10.2.4.1 of Chapter10. Green
and consisting of at least 3 tiers Belt for existing and proposed Power
around plant boundary with tree plant is shown in Annexure 7.
density of 2000 to 2500 trees per
ha with a good survival rate of
around 80% shall be submitted.
Photo graphic evidence must be
crated and submitted periodically
including NRSA reports in case of
expansion projects. A shrub layer
beneath tree layer would serve as
an effective sieve for dust and
sink for CO2and other gaseous
pollutants and hence a stratified
green belt should be developed.
lv Over and above the green belt, as Under the Community Environment
carbon sink, plan for additional plan, budget of Rs. 1.5 Cr. is proposed
plantation shall be drawn by for plantation of 50,000 trees on
identifying blocks of degraded community lands like schools, banks of
forests, in close consultation with water ponds and road sides. It is
the District Forests Department. In planned that this plantation shall be
pursuance to this the project conducted through participatory
proponent shall formulate time approach by establishing eco-clubs in
bound .Action Plans along with the schools and involving the school
financial allocation and shall students and teachers for improved
submit status of implementation to ownership and caring for planted trees.
the Ministry every six months. An independent agency shall be
involved for support and monitoring of
this programme.
Corporate Environment Policy Company is having well laid Corporate
lvi i) Does the company has a well Environment Policy which is enclosed
laid down Environment Policy as Annexure 18.
approved by its Board of Hierarchy of Environmental system of
Directors? If so ,it may be the UPCL is addressed in EIA report
detailed in the EIA report under Section 6.2 in Chapter 6.
ii) Does the Environment Policy
prescribe for standard
opening process/procedures
to bring into focus any
infringement/deviation/violatio
n of the environmental or
forest norms/conditions? If so
,it may be detailed in the EIA .
iii) What is the hierarchical
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system or Administrative
order of the company to deal
with the environmental issues
and for ensuring compliance
with the environmental
clearance conditions? Details
of this system may be given.
iv) Does the company has
compliance management
system in place wherein
compliance status along with
compliance/violations of
environmental norms are
reported to the CMD and the
Board of Directions of
company and /or
shareholders or stakeholders
at large? This reporting
mechanism should be
detailed in EIA report
All the above detail should be
adequately brought out in the EIA
and in the presentation to the
committee.
lvii Details of litigation pending or Detailed responses with updated status
otherwise with respect to project of all court cases are enclosed as
in any court, Tribunal etc .shall Annexure3.
invariably be furnished.
Additional TOR for Coastal Based TPPs The distance of coast from power plant
Over and above the TOR mentioned in is about 6.0 km. However marine
Annexure-A , the following shall be strictly
impact study for intake & outfall water
followed (as applicable ): has been conducted by CSIR-NIO.
Marine EIA report is enclosed as
Annexure 14.
a Low lying areas fulfilling the Out of the 26 Ramsar sites notified in
definition wetland as per Ramsar India, no Ramsar site is falling in the
Convention shall be identified and state of Karnaraka.
clearly demarcated w.r.t the
proposed site. Source: Page no 21 of Ramsar Sites in
India,
http://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/
documents/library/sitelist.pdf
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CRZ map from any of the CRZ mapping is done by NIO and map
authorized agencies shall be is enclosed as Annexure 20
submitted.
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Area. conservation of mangroves, UPCL
proposes a conservation fund of Rs 1
Cr for execution of Action Plan starting
from the beginning of the construction
of the project. Action Plan for
conservation of mangrove is covered
under Section 3.5.3.2.2in Chapter 3.
Action plan includes Awareness and
Training to local for conservation of
mangroves, Identification of further area
on the bank of Mulki River where
mangroves can grow and plantation of
mangrove, Yearly monitoring of
mangroves, Review of the plan after 5
years and extend the plan for next 5
years, if needed.
h A common Green Endowment Capital budget of Rs 8 Cr and Recuing
fund should be created by the budget of Rs 2 Cr is envisaged for
project proponents out of EMP Community Environment development
budgets. The interest earned out in CSR budget.
of it should be used for the
development and management of
green cover of the area.
i Impact on fisheries at various Marine EIA study is carried out by
social economic level shall be CSIR-NIO, Goa. Copy attached as
assessed. Annexure 14
j An endowment Fishermen Under the area of Livelihood
Welfare Fund should be created development, separate budget is
out of CSR grants not only to allocated for Fishermen Welfare Fund
enhance their quality of life by to enhance their quality of life through
creation of facilities for Fish creation of facilities for fish landing
Landing Platforms/Fishing platforms / fishing harbor /
Harbour /cold storage. but also to cold storage, also to provide relief in
provide relief in case of case of emergency situations such as
emergency situations such as missing of fishermen on duty due to
missing of fishermen on duty due rough seas, tropical cyclones and
to rough seas, tropical cyclones storms etc., Need Based CSR
and storms etc. Interventions and Budgetary Estimate
for Study Area is provided in EIA report
under Table 7.3 of Chapter 7 and
10.2.6 of Chapter 10.
K Tsunami Emergency Management DMP has been formulated by including
Plan shall be prepared wherever the measures against
applicable and plan submitted Fires/Tsunami/Cyclones/Storms/Surges
prior to the commencement of /Earthquakes. DMP prepared consists
construction work. of both Onsite and Off-site plans which
is provided in EIA report under
Sections 11.6.6,11.7 and 11.8 in
Chapter11.
l There should not be any Entire sea water intake and out fall
contamination of soil, ground and system is in closed conduit through
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surface waters (canals &village pipeline. Cooling towers and Guard
pond) with sea water in and pond and Cooling water Channel within
around the project sites. I the plant shall be RCC lined.
n other words necessary
preventive measures for spillage
from pipelines, such as lining of
Guard Pond used for the
treatment of outfall before
discharging into sea and surface
RCC channels along the pipelines
of outfall and intake should be
adopted .This is just because the
area around the projects
boundaries could be fertile
agricultural land used for paddy
cultivation.
4 Besides the above ,the a. All the documents have been
following general points shall properly referenced with index,
be followed: page number and continuous page
a. All documents to be properly numbering.
referenced with index, page
numbers and continuous page
numbering. b. The period in which the data was
b. Where data is presented in collected and source has been
the report especially in table indicated near the tables in EIA
,the period in which the data report.
was collected and the source
should invariably be indicated c. All the documents are provided in
c. Where the documents language English only.
provided are in language
other than English, an English
translation should be provide d. Questionnaire will provide during
d. The Questionnaire for the period of EC appraisal.
environmental appraisal of
thermal power projects as
devised earlier by the Ministry
shall also be filled and
submitted
e. The consultants involved in e. Certificate of accreditation from
the preparation of EIA/EMP QCI/NABET is provided in EIA
report after accreditation with report under Section 13.1.8 of
Quality council of India Chapter 13.
(QCI)/National Accreditation
Board of Education and
Training (NABET) would need
to include a certificate in this
regard in the EIA/EMP reports
prepared by them and data
provided by other organization
/Laboratories including their
status of approvals etc. In this
regard circular no.F NO.j-
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No.
11013/77/2004-IA –II(I)dated
2nd December ,2009 is posted
on the Ministry’s website
http://WWW.moef.nic.in may
be referred.
In addition to the above,
information on the following may
also be incorporated in EIA report.
1. IS the project intended to
have CDM-intent?. No
(i) If no, then why?. Benefit period
of new projects under CDM
mechanism is over in 2013. (ii) If
yes, then
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report along with public hearing report). Copy of all representations with
report and the requisite detailed responses and budgetary
documents (including written allocations are provided in Vol-III of the
objections, if any )shall be EIA report.
submitted to the Ministry for
appraisal by the Expert Appraisal
Committee for Environmental
Impact Assessment notification
dated September 14,2006.
7 The TORs prescribed shall be
valid for period of three years from
the date of issue for submission of
EIA /EMP reports, including Public
Consultation / Hearing.
8 The TOR is also subject to the
outcome of pending litigations.
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Annexures-2 to Annexure-12 and Annexure-16 to
Annexure-20 could not be uploaded on MoEFCC
website due to file size limitation. Hence, copies of
all Annexures are included in Volume-1 of EIA report
in hardcopy submitted to MoEFCC