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Ijsetr Vol 6 Issue 8 1289 1297
Ijsetr Vol 6 Issue 8 1289 1297
PAPERCRETE
M.Manoj Kumar1, G.Uma Maheshwari2
1
Asst Professor,CIVIL, Dr.KV Subba Reddy College Of Engineering For Women,Kurnool,Andhrapradesh,India.
2
Asst Professor,CIVIL , Dr.KV Subba Reddy College Of Engineering For Women,Kurnool,Andhrapradesh,India.
ABSTRACT:
The majority of abandoned paper waste
accumulating from the countries all over the world
causes certain serious environmental problems. The
I.INTRODUCTION
high volume of concrete offers a holistic solution to Papercrete is a new composite material
the problem of meeting the increasing demands for using waste paper as a partial
concrete in the future in a sustainable manner and replacement of Portland cement.
Papercrete is a recently developed
at a reduced cost.At the same time, it is necessary to
construction material which consists of re-
reduce the environmental impact of industries that
are vital to economic development.The present study pulped paper fiber with Portland cement.
focuses on utilizing the waste materials like waste Papercrete is a construction material which
paper and fly ash into cost effective building bricks consists of cement and fine aggregate.It is
and recycle the wastepaper without any perceived as an environmental friendly
environmental problem to the surrounding material due to the significant recycled
content, by the presence of cement.
environment and the society.
It is a construction material which consists of
The investigation was carried out to
paper slurry, white lime and Portland cement.This
evaluate the strength, durability and structural
increase in the popularity of using environmental
properties of flyash based Paper Crete building
bricks.Then the results were compared with those of friendly, low-cost and light weight construction
materials in building industry has brought about the
conventional bricks. The strength and durability of
need to investigate how this can be achieved by
cement composites containing waste paper and fly
benefiting the environment as well as maintaining the
ash have been studied in detail and the optimum
mix proportions have been obtained. This optimum material requirements affirmed in the standards.As
mix was considered for casting the fly ash based natural sources of aggregates are becoming
exhausted, it turns out urgent to develop. The
paper Crete bricks and their properties have been
majority of abandoned paper waste is accumulated
studied.
The thesis concluded that the Paper Crete from the countries all over the world causes certain
serious environmental problems.It is an important
bricks are relatively low cost, light weight and more
building material that is light weight, insulate and
flexible and they are most suitable for
earthquakeprone areas. This brick does not expand low cost concrete.It is cost-effective, relies on locally
or contract so that the sheets of glassor glass block available materials, but it is insect free, fire resistant,
durable and great potential as a low carbon building
can be embedded and trimmed with Paper Crete.
material.Papercrete, known by alternative names such
However, uncoated bricks are not suitable for water
logging and external walls; they can be used in as fibrous concrete, padobe and fidobe, low carbon
construction material, 45% of discarded papers is
inner partition walls.
recycled annually; 55%thrown away or goes in to the
IndexTerms:papercrete,Materials land fill.
Therefore efforts have been made to utilize
&properties,Curving of cubes
the waste paper in to concrete and form a
Paper Crete.
Papercrete is mould resistant and has the
ability to absorb energy and can be used in
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All Rights Reserved © 2017 IJSETR
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017, ISSN: 2278 -7798
many applications requiring sound-proofing In India, the process of brick making has not
material. changed since many centuries except in some
Also, Papercrete blocks won’t deteriorate if minor refinements.
left out in the rain, since the paper fibers There has been hardly any effort in our country
bind the blocks together. to improve the brick-making process for
The strength of Papercrete as engineering enhancing the quality of bricks.
materials appears to lie in their ability to Also the structures in view of their compressive
absorb energy and can be used in many strength, structural stability and relative low cost
applications requiring sound absorption and have not undergone any drastic change.
fire resistance. But it has two major drawbacks, namely self-
Papercrete is an amazing, simple material weight and brittleness.
gaining acceptance over the last decade by 1.3 INNOVATION OF PAPER CRETE
alternative builders, and even code officials
across the US. Papercrete is a material originally developed 80
It's almost free to build with and there are years ago but it is only recently
MANY versions, and some do not include rediscovered.Papercrete is a fibrous cementious
the cement, creating a "paper adobe" safe to compound comprising waste paper and Portland
handle with bare hands. cement.These two components are blended with
This material is easy to sculpt with, make water to create a paper cement pulp, which can then
blocks, use as a mortar, a plaster for walls, be poured into a mould, allowed to dry and be
as floors, as wall insulation, as roofing utilized as a durable building material.It should be
insulation, for arches, privacy walls, and noted that Paper Crete is a relatively new concept
garden walls, patio floors, used for animal with limited scope.Papercrete has threederivatives,
shelters, for dog houses, and children’s namely fibrous concrete, padobe and fidobe.The
playhouses too. fibrous concrete is a mixture of paper, Portland
Start with a small sculpting project, or cement and water.There are no harmful by-products
insulate your pet's outdoor shelter, maybe or excessive energy use in the production of
insulated the garage walls. Papercrete.Padobehas noPortland cement. It is a mix
Papercrete can be stunning or a horrible of paper, water and earth with clay. Here clay is the
mess and it all depends on the detail and binding material.Instead of using thecement, earth is
attention you pay. used in this type of brick.This earth should have clay
When used as insulation no one will see it. content of more than 30%.With regular brick, ifhe
As adobe blocks they can look like stacked clay content is too high the brick may crack while
stone, or if crooked and ill-placed, a drying, but adding paper fiber to the earth mix
plaster coat can make the wall as smooth as strengthens thedrying block.It gives flexibility which
you want. Your creativity is unlimited. helps to prevent cracking.Fidobe is like padobe, but it
1.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF BRICKS may contain other fibrousmaterial.
All over the world, bricks are the most widely II. MATERIALS & PROPERTIES
used construction materials for the construction
of buildings. The constituents used in preparing the
The bricks are obtained by moulding clay in Papercrete mixtures and their properties.To attain
blocks of uniform size and then by drying these goals, materials were collected from various
and burning the blocks. sources. Material collection is the basic and
As the bricks are of uniform size, they can be important step in any project. Yet, the material that is
properly arranged. used in a project should not cause any damage to the
The common brick is one of the oldest building environment.
materials and it is extensively used at present as
a leading material in construction.
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All Rights Reserved © 2017 IJSETR
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017, ISSN: 2278 -7798
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All Rights Reserved © 2017 IJSETR
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017, ISSN: 2278 -7798
PAPER
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All Rights Reserved © 2017 IJSETR
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017, ISSN: 2278 -7798
extra strength to the mix.The links in the cellulose 1. Dry the flask carefully and fill with kerosene or
chain are a type of sugar: ß-D-glucose and the naphthalene point on the stem between 0
cellulose chain bristles with polar -OH groups. to1ml.
These groups form many hydrogen bonds with
OH groups on adjacent chains, bundling the chains 2. Record the level of the liquid in the flask as
together. Viewed under a microscope, it is possible to initial reading.
see a network of cellulose fibers and smaller
3. Put a weighted quantity of cement(about60gm)
offshoots from the fibers called fibril which becomes
in to the flask so that level of kerosene rise to
coated with Portland cement. When these networks
about 22ml mark, care being taken to avoid
or matrices of fibers and fibrils dry, they intertwine
splashing and to see that cement does not
and cling together with the power of the hydrogen
adhere to the sides of the above the liquid.
bond.
4. After putting all the cement in the flask, roll the
flask gently in an inclined position to expel air
until no further air bubbler is set to the surface
of the liquid.
CALCULATIONS
Figure 5-PAPER
W1 = weight of empty bottle
WATER
W2 = weight of empty bottle + weight of
Water is an important ingredient of
weight of cement
papercrete as it actively participates in the
chemical reaction with cement. W3 = weight of empty bottle + weight of
Water should be free from organic matter and cement +weight of kerosene
the pH value should be between 6 and 7.
W4 = weight of empty bottle + weight of
kerosene
123 .5−63.5
G= = 2.34
123 .5−63.5 − 184 −140 .5 ∗0.79
RESULT:
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All Rights Reserved © 2017 IJSETR
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017, ISSN: 2278 -7798
CONSISTENCY
CALCULATIONS
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All Rights Reserved © 2017 IJSETR
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017, ISSN: 2278 -7798
= 100ml
RESULT
= 29 %
IV. RESULTS
CURING OF CUBES
Figure4.1– AIR DRY CURING
Curing can be described as keeping the concrete
moist and warm enough so that the hydration of COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
cement can continue. More elaborately, it can be
Compression test is the main and important test
described as the process of maintaining a satisfactory
for bricks.
moisture content and a favorable temperature in
This test was carried out by a Compression
concrete during the period immediately following
Testing Machine
placement, so that hydration of cement may continue
This test was carried out on the 18th day from the
until the desired properties are developed to a
date of casting of brick.
sufficient degree to meet the requirement of service.
The Figure shows the compression test being
If curing is neglected in the early period of
done.
hydration, the quality of concrete will experience a
The bricks were then tested under a uni-axial
sort of irreparable loss. Curing of cubes can be done
compressive force using 100 tonne compression
by two methods. They are
testing machine.
While testing the brick, great care must be taken,
1. Wet Curing
because papercrete bricks never failed
2. Dry Curing
catastrophically, it just compressed like
squeezing rubber.
In preparation of papercrete we use dry Even though the brick failed at the higher load,
curing( Air dry curing) the structure did not collapse.
Only the outer faces cracked and peeled out So
the papercrete bricks showed elastic behaviour
and less brittleness.
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All Rights Reserved © 2017 IJSETR
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017, ISSN: 2278 -7798
VI.REFERENCES
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All Rights Reserved © 2017 IJSETR
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017, ISSN: 2278 -7798
BIODATA
Author
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