Causes ;

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM It's not clear what causes prostate cancer.

The reproductive system is a collection of internal and external organs — in both

males and females — that work together for the purpose of procreating Doctors know that prostate cancer begins when some cells in your prostate
become abnormal. Mutations in the abnormal cells' DNA cause the cells to
grow and divide more rapidly than normal cells do.

Prevention ;
DISEASES :
 Choose a healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables.
 Choose healthy foods over supplements
1.Prostate cancer - is cancer that occurs in the prostate — a small walnut-shaped
 Exercise most days of the week
gland in men that produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm.
 Maintain a healthy weight.
Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men. Usually prostate
cancer grows slowly and is initially confined to the prostate gland, where it may not
cause serious harm. However, while some types of prostate cancer grow slowly and
may need minimal or even no treatment, other types are aggressive and can spread
quickly. Treatment ;
Prostate cancer has a huge impact on patients, which seriously threatens the
Symptoms ;
patient's physical and mental health. Conventional treatment for prostate cancer is
usually removing testicles. Although this treatment is effective, it will undoubtedly
 Trouble urinating bring great physical and mental trauma to patients. In addition to testicular excision,
chemoradiotherapy can also kill tumor cells, but it will damage normal tissues,
 Decreased force in the stream of urine
leaving irreversible damage to the patients.
 Blood in semen

 Discomfort in the pelvic area

 Bone pain
2. Endometrial cancer - Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that
begins in the uterus. The uterus is the hollow, pear-shaped pelvic
organ where fetal development occurs.
Treatment ;
Treatment for endometrial cancer is usually with surgery to remove the uterus,
fallopian tubes and ovaries. Another option is radiation therapy with powerful energy.
Drug treatments for endometrial cancer include chemotherapy with powerful drugs
and hormone therapy to block hormones that cancer cells rely on. Other options
might be targeted therapy with drugs that attack specific weaknesses in the cancer
cells and immunotherapy to help your immune system fight cancer.

3. Breast cancer - Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts.
Symptoms ; After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in
the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it's far more
 Vaginal bleeding after menopause common in women

 Bleeding between periods

 Pelvic pain

Causes ;
Doctors don't know what causes endometrial cancer. What's known is that
.
something occurs to create changes (mutations) in the DNA of cells in the
endometrium — the lining of the uterus.
Symptoms ;

 A breast lump or thickening that feels different from the surrounding

Prevention ; tissue
 Talk to your doctor about the risks of hormone therapy after menopause.
 Consider taking birth control pills. Maintain a healthy weight.  Change in the size, shape or appearance of a breast
  Changes to the skin over the breast, such as dimpling
 A newly inverted nipple
Causes ;
Doctors know that breast cancer occurs when some breast cells begin to grow
abnormally. These cells divide more rapidly than healthy cells do and continue to
accumulate, forming a lump or mass. Cells may spread (metastasize) through your
breast to your lymph nodes or to other parts of your body.
Breast cancer most often begins with cells in the milk-producing ducts (invasive
ductal carcinoma). Breast cancer may also begin in the glandular tissue called
lobules (invasive lobular carcinoma) or in other cells or tissue within the breast.
Prevention ;
 Ask your doctor about breast cancer screening.
 Exercise most days of the week.
 Limit postmenopausal hormone therapy.
 Maintain a healthy weight.
 Choose a healthy diet.
Treatment ;
Mayo Clinic Cancer Center is a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated
comprehensive care center with a multisite presence – Arizona, Florida and
Minnesota. Mayo Clinic doctors have extensive experience caring for people
with breast cancer:
 More than 10,000 people seek breast cancer care each year
 Nearly 1,500 people undergo breast cancer surgery each year
Mayo Clinic uses many cutting-edge treatments, including scalp cooling
therapy to reduce chemotherapy-induced hair loss as well as vaccine and
immunotherapy, available through clinical trials, to prevent tumor recurrence
for patients with high-risk disease. Other treatment options include proton
beam radiation for early and locally advanced breast cancer, and other novel
therapies to target triple negative and other subtypes of breast cancer with
fewer existing standard therapies.

Endocrine system
the endocrine system is a network of glands in your body that make the
hormones that help cells talk to each other. They’re responsible for almost
every cell, organ, and function in your body.
Diseases ;
1.Addison's Disease - Addison's disease, also called adrenal insufficiency, is an
uncommon disorder that occurs when your body doesn't produce enough of certain
hormones. In Addison's disease, your adrenal glands, located just above your kidneys,
produce too little cortisol and, often, too little aldosterone.
Symptoms ;
 Extreme fatigue
 Weight loss and decreased appetite
 Darkening of your skin (hyperpigmentation)
 Low blood pressure, even fainting
 Salt craving
Causes ;
Addison's disease is caused by damage to your adrenal glands, resulting in not
enough of the hormone cortisol and, often, not enough aldosterone as well. Your
adrenal glands are part of your endocrine system. They produce hormones that give
instructions to virtually every organ and tissue in your body.
Prevention ;
Addison's disease can't be prevented, but there are steps you can take to
avoid an addisonian crisis:
 Talk to your doctor if you always feel tired, weak, or are losing weight.
Ask about having an adrenal shortage.
 If you have been diagnosed with Addison's disease, ask your doctor
about what to do when you're sick. You may need to learn how to
increase your dose of corticosteroids.
Treatment ;
 Hydrocortisone (Cortef), prednisone or methylprednisolone to
replace cortisol. These hormones are given on a schedule to mimic the
normal 24-hour fluctuation of cortisol levels.
 Fludrocortisone acetate to replace aldosterone.
2.Graves' Disease Prevention ;
Graves' disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of  Physical exam.
thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). Although a number of disorders may result in  Blood sample.
hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease is a common cause.  Imaging tests.

Treatment:
 Radioactive iodine therapy

 Beta blockers
Symptoms ;
 Surgery
 Anxiety and irritability

 A fine tremor of your hands or fingers

 Heat sensitivity and an increase in perspiration or warm, moist skin

 Weight loss, despite normal eating habits

3.Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.
 Enlargement of your thyroid gland (goiter) Hashimoto's disease is a condition in which your immune system attacks your
thyroid, a small gland at the base of your neck below your Adam's apple. The thyroid
gland is part of your endocrine system, which produces hormones that coordinate
Causes ; many of your body's functions.
Graves' disease is caused by a malfunction in the body's disease-fighting immune
system, although the exact reason why this happens is still unknown.One normal
immune system response is the production of antibodies designed to target a
specific virus, bacterium or other foreign substance. In Graves' disease — for
reasons that aren't well understood — the body produces an antibody to one part of
the cells in the thyroid gland, a hormone-producing gland in the neck.
Symptoms ; Treatment :
Treatment for Hashimoto's disease may include observation and use of medications.
 Fatigue and sluggishness If there's no evidence of hormone deficiency, and your thyroid is functioning
normally, your doctor may suggest a wait-and-see approach. If you need medication,
 Increased sensitivity to cold chances are you'll need it for the rest of your life.

 Constipation

 Pale, dry skin

Nervous System
 A puffy face

 Brittle nails The nervous system is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells known as
neurons that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It is essentially the
 Hair loss body's electrical wiring.

DISEASES;
Causes ;
Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder in which your immune system
creates antibodies that damage your thyroid gland. Doctors don't know what causes
your immune system to attack your thyroid gland. Some scientists think a virus or
bacterium might trigger the response, while others believe a genetic flaw may be 1. Cerebrovascular accident
involved. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the medical term for a stroke. A stroke is when
blood flow to a part of your brain is stopped either by a blockage or the rupture of a
blood vessel.
Prevention ;
Unfortunately, there is no known way to prevent Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Symptoms ;  Refrain from smoking, and drink alcohol in moderation.

 Control diabetes.
 difficulty walking
 Maintain a healthy weight.
 dizziness

 loss of balance and coordination

 difficulty speaking or understanding others who are speaking Treatment ;

 numbness or paralysis in the face, leg, or arm, most likely on just one side of
the body
Treatment for stroke depends on the type of stroke you’ve had. The
goal of treatment for ischemic stroke, for instance, is to restore the
blood flow. Treatments for hemorrhagic stroke are aimed at
controlling the bleeding.

Causes ;
Cerebrovascular disease develops for a variety of reasons.If damage occurs to a
blood vessel in the brain, it will not be able to deliver enough or any blood to the area
of the brain that it serves. The lack of blood interferes with the delivery of adequate
oxygen, and, without oxygen, brain cells will start to die.Brain damage is irreversible.
2. Aphasia
Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It can affect your
ability to speak, write and understand language, both verbal and written.Aphasia

Emergency help is vital to reduce a person's risk of long term brain damage and typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on
gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive,
increase their chances of survival.
permanent damage (degenerative). Where and how bad the brain damage is and
what caused it determine the degree of disability.
Prevention ;

 Maintain normal blood pressure.

 Limit saturated fat and cholesterol intake.

Symptoms ; 3, Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord
 Speak in short or incomplete sentences (central nervous system).In MS, the immune system attacks the protective sheath
 Speak in sentences that don't make sense (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your
brain and the rest of your body. Eventually, the disease can cause permanent
 Substitute one word for another or one sound for another
damage or deterioration of the nerves.
 Speak unrecognizable words

Causes ;
The most common cause of aphasia is brain damage resulting from a stroke — the
blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. Loss of blood to the brain leads to
brain cell death or damage in areas that control language. Symptoms :

Prevention ;
There is no guaranteed method of preventing aphasia. However, there is some
general lifestyle advice that can reduce your risk of developing conditions that are
associated with aphasia, such as Alzheimer's disease (or other forms of dementia) or
stroke.
 Numbness or weakness in one or more limbs that typically occurs on one side
of your body at a time, or the legs and trunk
 Electric-shock sensations that occur with certain neck movements, especially
bending the neck forward (Lhermitte sign)
 Tremor, lack of coordination or unsteady gait

Treatment :
If the brain damage is mild, a person may recover language skills without treatment.
However, most people undergo speech and language therapy to rehabilitate their
language skills and supplement their communication experiences.
Causes ;
The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown. It's considered an autoimmune disease
in which the body's immune system attacks its own tissues. In the case of MS, this
immune system malfunction destroys the fatty substance that coats and protects
nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord (myelin).

Prevention :
Scientists, researchers, and doctors haven’t yet been able to develop a method of
curing or preventing MS. One of the main reasons why is that the cause of MS isn’t
fully understood.

Treatment ;
There is no cure for multiple sclerosis. Treatment typically focuses on speeding
recovery from attacks, slowing the progression of the disease and
managing MS symptoms. Some people have such mild symptoms that no treatment
is necessary.