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 UNIT 1

Derivatives of and Integrals

Yielding Transcendental
Functions
OBJECTIVES
By the end of the unit, you must be able
to:
 find derivatives of transcendentals
 integral forms yielding transcendentals
 find integrals of transcendentals
 find derivatives using logarithmic
differentiation
 evaluate limits using L'Hopital's rule
UNIT 1.1
CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS
REVIEW OF MATH 26

When do we say that a function f

is continuous at a number a ?
i. f(a) exists.
ii. lim f  x exists.
xa

iii. lim f  x   f a 
xa
RECALL:
Definition of the derivative of
a function f
f  x  h  f  x 
f '  x   lim
h0 h

f is discontinuous at a
 f is NOT differentiable at a.
CONTINUITY OF TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
CONTINUITY OF TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS

The SINE and COSINE functions are

continuous at every real number.
CONTINUITY OF TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
CONTINUITY OF TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS

The TANGENT, COTANGENT, SECANT

and COSECANT functions are
continuous over their respective
domains.
DERIVATIVES OF SINE AND COSINE

D x  sin x   cos x

D x cos x    sin x
DERIVATIVE OF THE
TANGENT FUNCTION
 sin x 
D x tan x   D x  cos x  lodhi  hidlo
  lo 2

cos x  D x sin x   sin x  D x cos x 


2
cos x
cos x  cos x  sin x   sin x 

2
cos x
2 2
cos x  sin x 1
  2
 sec x
2 2
cos x cos x
  1 
D x csc x   Dx  
 sin x 
sin x  D x 1  1 D x sin x 

2
sin x
sin x  0  cos x  cos x
 
2 2
sin x sin x
1 cos x   csc x cot x
  
sin x sin x
DERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

D x  sin x   cos x
D x cos x    sin x

D x tan x   sec x
2

D x cot x    csc x 2

D x  sec x   sec x tan x

D x csc x    csc x cot x
DIFFERENTIABILITY

The SINE and COSINE functions are

differentiable at every real number.

The TANGENT, COTANGENT, SECANT

and COSECANT functions are
differentiable over their respective
domains.
CHAIN RULE
Let u be a differentiable function of x.

Dx  sin u   cos u  Dx u
Dx cos u    sin u  Dx u

Dx tan u   sec u  Dx u
2

Dx cot u    csc u  Dx u
2

Dx  sec u   sec u tan u  Dx u

Dx csc u    csc u cot u  Dx u
EXAMPLE 1
EVALUATE
Dx  sin 2 x  cos3x 
Solution:
Dx  sin 2 x  cos3x 

 sin 2 x  Dx  cos3x   cos3x  Dx  sin 2 x 

 sin 2 x   3sin 3x   cos3x  (2cos 2 x )

EXAMPLE 2
Evaluate Dx  5 tan 3 x  sec 2x 

Solution:
Dx 5 tan 3 x  sec 2 x 
 5 Dx tan 3 x   Dx  sec 2 x 
 
 5 sec 3 x   Dx 3 x 
2

 sec 2 x tan 2 x  Dx 2 x 
 15 sec 3 x   2 sec 2 x tan 2 x
2
EXAMPLE 3
Dx  cot csc x  
EVALUATE

Solution:
Dx  cot csc x  
  csc csc x   Dx csc x 
2

  csc csc x    csc x cot x 

2

 csc csc x   csc x cot x

2

 csc x cot x csc csc x 

2
MORE EXERCISES

Evaluate the following.


Dx sin x  sec  x
2 2

 x  tan x 
Dx  
 cos x 
Dx  csc  cot x  
2
RECALL

If F '  x   f  x  then  f  x  dx  F  x  .

F is called the antiderivative of f.

INTEGRALS OF SINE AND COSINE

D x  sin x   cos x
  cos xdx  sin x  C

D x cos x    sin x
    sin x dx  cos x  C
  sin xdx   cos x  C
INTEGRALS OF YIELDING TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS

 cos xdx  sin x  C

 sin xdx   cos x  C

2
sec xdx  tan x  C

   
2 cot x C
csc xdx

 sec x tan xdx  sec x  C

 csc x cot xdx   csc x  C

HOW ABOUT…

tan xdx  ???

 cot xdx  ???

 sec xdx  ???

 csc xdx  ???

EXAMPLE 4
Evaluate  sin x cos xdx
Solution:
 
sin x cos xdx  u  du
2
u
 C
Let u  sin x 2
du  cos xdx
sin2 x
 C
2
Can we use u  cosinstead?
x
EXAMPLE 5

 tan x sec
2
Evaluate xdx

Solution:
2
u
 
2
tan x sec xdx  u  du  C
2
Let u  sec x 2
sec x
du  sec x tan xdx  C
2

Can we use u  taninstead?

x
EXAMPLE 6

 cot
2
Evaluate xdx

Solution:


2
cot xdx    csc 2

x  1 dx

 
2
 csc x dx  dx
  cot x  x  C
More Exercises

Evaluate the following.

 x sin x   dx
2 Quiz#2

 tan
2
xdx

 cot x cos xdx

END