[INTRO] As time flies by the technology here in our world advances, a lot of new

inventions started to blow up and one of them is the lithium ion battery. Lithium ion

batteries or also known as Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that is commonly

used in electronic devices, vehicles and portable devices like our mobile smartphones

today. Even though this kind of battery is one of the most common, advantageous and

efficient one in the market, Li-ion batteries has its own disadvantages and drawbacks that

needs a little more attention to really show its potential as an efficient battery itself.

Aging of the li-ion battery and not holding its original battery capacity is the focus

of the study being conducted. Most lithium ion batteries and a lot of manufacturers remain

silent about this issue. Its ability to handle the original capacity of the battery can be

deteriorated after one year or more. After it deteriorates at the first year, it frequently fails

after two to three years whether it is being used regularly or not. This is true for nickel-

metal-hydride if it is exposed to high ambient temperatures (Battery University, 2010).

[Formulation]

[Background-Set the Scene] Lithium Ion batteries were invented by Professor

John Goodenough in the 1980s while he was working at Oxford during that time and are

well known for its high energy density, specialty cells and low maintenance due to its no

periodic discharge needed. The batteries were commercialized since 1991, initially

concerning mobile devices such as cell phones and laptops (Barré, 2013). Due to the

alarming entrance of the Li-ion batteries in the market, the interest on this technology has

increased and clicked a lot of researches in order for it to upgrade and lift its performance
to a higher level. Not only the batteries are used in mobile phones and gadgets, they also

caught the eye of using Li-ion batteries on Electric Vehicles representing 60% of the total

market of passenger cars through 2050, with a presence on all major regions of the world

(Barré, 2013). Considering the evolution of prices all benefits coming from the sales is

predicted to decrease as the time pass, which will generate more interesting EV costs.

Lithium Ion batteries are low maintenance batteries, this is the advantage that most

chemistries cannot claim. Additionally, the self-discharge of Li-ion batteries is less than

half compared to Nickel-Cadmium ones, meaning Li-ion is more suited for modern

applications (Battery University, 2010). Having a

[Background – Demonstrate]

[Alternatives] Batteries are made up by two electrodes and a kind of electrolyte,

rechargeable batteries takes the energy through a chemical reaction that makes charged

particles (or ions) in the positive electrode (or cathode) travel through the electrolyte and

into the negative electrode (or anode), where they stay. When the battery is discharging

energy into a device, the ions travel back from the anode into the cathode to produce that

energy (Hamer, 2019). Leaving Lithium Ion Batteries behind due to the immature

technology, aging and capacity problems that it has, scientists and inventors are planning

to make alternatives that would tie-up or outgrow the Li-ion batteries at its current state.

[Proposed Solution]

[Recommendation]
REFERENCE (TEMPORARY)

http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/science-blog/inventor-lithium-ion-battery-professor-john-

goodenough-awarded-royal-society%E2%80%99s – John Goodenough

https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/archive/is_lithium_ion_the_ideal_battery -

Disadvantage and Problem (INTRO)

https://hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-01791260/document - Commercialization of Li-

ion (BACKGROUND)

https://curiosity.com/topics/4-up-and-coming-batteries-that-could-overtake-lithium-ion-

curiosity/ - ALTERNATIVES (BATTERY)