Kinematics is a branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of points, bodies (objects), and systems of

bodies (groups of objects) without considering the forces that caused the motion.[1][2][3] Kinematics, as a field of study,
is often referred to as the "geometry of motion" and is occasionally seen as a branch of mathematics.[4][5][6] A
kinematics problem begins by describing the geometry of the system and declaring the initial conditions of any
known values of position, velocity and/or acceleration of points within the system. Then, using arguments from
geometry, the position, velocity and acceleration of any unknown parts of the system can be determined. The study
of how forces act on bodies falls within kinetics, not kinematics. For further details, see analytical dynamic

Free Fall Formula. Free fall means that an object is falling freely with no forces acting upon it except gravity,
a defined constant, g = -9.8 m/s2. The distance the object falls, or height, h, is 1/2 gravity x the square of the
time falling. Velocity is defined as gravity x time.

Projectile motion is a form of motion experienced by an object or particle (a projectile) that is thrown near the
Earth's surface and moves along a curved path under the action of gravity only (in particular, the effects of air
resistance are assumed to be negligible). This curved path was shown by Galileo to be a parabola. The study of
such motions is called ballistics, and such a trajectory is a ballistic trajectory. The only force of significance that acts
on the object is gravity, which acts downward, thus imparting to the object a downward acceleration. Because of the
object's inertia, no external horizontal force is needed to maintain the horizontal velocity component of the object.
Taking other forces into account, such as friction from aerodynamic drag or internal propulsion such as in a rocket,
requires additional analysis. A ballistic missile is a missile only guided during the relatively brief initial powered
phase of flight, and whose subsequent course is governed by the laws of classical mechanics.

work is calculated by multiplying the force by the amount of movement of an object (W = F * d). A force of 10
newtons, that moves an object 3 meters, does 30 n-m of work. A newton-meter is the same thing as a joule,
so the units for work are the same as those for energy – joules.

Power Ohm's law equation (formula): V = I × R and the power lawequation (formula): P = I × V. P
= power, I or J = Latin: influare, international ampere, or intensity and R = resistance. V = voltage, electric
potential difference Δ V or E = electromotive force (emf = voltage).

The formula for potential energy depends on the force acting on the two objects. For the gravitational force
the formula is P.E. = mgh, where m is the mass in kilograms, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m / s2 at
the surface of the earth) and h is the height in meters.

Gravitational energy The general expression for gravitational potential energy arises from the law of
gravity and is equal to the work done against gravity to bring a mass to a given point in space. ... where G is
the gravitation constant, M is the mass of the attracting body, and r is the distance between their centers

Heat engine In thermodynamics and engineering, a heat engine is a system that converts heat or thermal
energy—and chemical energy—to mechanical energy, which can then be used to do mechanical work.[1][2] It does
this by bringing a working substance from a higher state temperature to a lower state temperature. A heat source
generates thermal energy that brings the working substance to the high temperature state. The working substance
generates work in the working bodyof the engine while transferring heat to the colder sink until it reaches a low
temperature state. During this process some of the thermal energy is converted into work by exploiting the
properties of the working substance. The working substance can be any system with a non-zero heat capacity, but it
usually is a gas or liquid. During this process, a lot of heat is lost to the surroundings and so cannot be converted to
work.