ORAL COMMUNICATION WRITTEN COMMUNICATI

Listening Speaking Reading

This is the natural process of learning a language.

We start learning by listening, although we do not understand anything at the beginnin
The understanding comes with the daily practice.

Grammar
Grammar is important in order to manage the language, but it is more important to pra
Listening, speaking, reading and writing.
Grammar comes trough with the daily practice.

Translation
Translators online are an important tool, but they can make a lot of mistakes as they tra
If you use a translator, especially at the beginning, when you are not familiar with th
Proper nouns, can not be translated.

NOTE: In order to learn a language I recommend to listen movies, audios, news, sports,
For movies I recommend audio in English and subtitles in English.

THE MOST IMPORTANT THING IN A LANGUAGE IS BEING ABLE TO COMMUNICATE WITH

EN COMMUNICATION

Writing

thing at the beginning.

more important to practice everyday the language skills.

of mistakes as they translate word by word instead of full phrases.

re not familiar with the language, you need to check the information.

audios, news, sports, TV programs in English.

COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER PEOPLE

 Personal Object
pronouns pronouns

I me
You you
Singular She her
He him
It it

We us
Plural You you
They them

I speak English I talk to them

 Possesive Possesive pronouns Reflexive pronouns
adjectives

my mine myself
your yours yourself
her hers herself
his his himself
book
its (noun) its itself

our ours ourselves

your yours yourselves
their theirs themselves

This is my book This is mine I work by myself

This book is mine.
 1 (Pronoun)

I
Pasado She, he, it
We, you, they

I
To be Presente She, he, it
We, you, they

I
Futuro She, he, it
Simples
We, you, they

Pasado I, you, she, he, it, we, they

I, you, we, they

Diferente To be Presente
She, he, it

Futuro I, you, she, he, it, we, they

I
Pasado She, he, it
We, you, they

I
Progresivos Progresivo Presente She, he, it
We, you, they

I
Futuro She, he, it
We, you, they

Pasado I, you, she, he, it, we, they

Perfecto I, you, we, they
Presente
She, he, it
Perfectos
Pasado I, you, she, he, it, we, they
Perfecto
progresivo Presente
I, you, we, they
She, he, it
Oracion afirmativa 1
You
Oracion negativa 1
You
Oracion interrogativa 2
Do
Short answer (+) Yes, Pronoun + (2)
Short answer (-) No, Pronoun + (2) + not

Did
Do (You, we, they) / Does (She, he, it)
Will
2 (Expresion 3 (Not) 4 (Verbo) 5 (Complemento)
tiempo/To be)
was
was
were Write
Wrote
am Have/has written
is not at Sena Writes
are Writing
(will) be writing
will (am going to) been writing
will (is going to) be
will (are going to)

X (did) wrote (write)

X (do) write
not a letter
X (does) writes (write)

will write

was
was
were
writing
am
is not a letter
are

will
will be writing
will

had
not written a letter
have
has

had
not been writing a letter
have
has
 2 4 5
eat an ice cream
2 3 4 5
do not eat an ice cream
1 4 5 ?
you eat an ice cream ?

didn't
Does (She, he, it) don't/doesn't
won't
Escribir
Escribio
Ha escrito
Ella/el escribe
Escribiendo
Estara escribiendo
Estado escribiendo
 Simple - to be Pasado

Pasado
Simple - Diferente to be

Pasado
Progresivo Pasado

Perfecto Pasado

Pasado
Perfecto progresivo

Simple to be Presente

Simple - Diferente to be Presente

Presente
Progresivo Presente

Perfecto Presente

Perfecto progresivo Presente

Simple to be Futuro

Futuro Simple - diferente to be Futuro

Progresivo Futuro
Futuro

Progresivo Futuro

Oracion afirmativa

Oracion negativa

Oracion interrogativa

Short answer (+)

Short answer (-)
 2 (Expresion
1 (Pronoun) 3 (Not) 4 (Verbo)
tiempo/To be)
I was
She, he, it was not
We, you, they were

I, you, she, he, it, we, they X (did) not wrote (write)

I was
She, he, it was not writing
We, you, they were

I, you, she, he, it, we, they had not written

I, you, she, he, it, we, they had not been writing

I am
She, he, it is not
We, you, they are

I, you, we, they X (do) write

not
She, he, it X (does) writes (write)

I am
She, he, it is not writing
We, you, they are

I, you, we, they have

not written
She, he, it has

I, you, we, they have

not been writing
She, he, it has

I will (am going to)

She, he, it will (is going to) not be
We, you, they will (are going to)

I, you, she, he, it, we, they will not write

I will
She, he, it will not be writing
 not be writing
We, you, they will

1 2 4
You eat
1 2 3 4
You do not eat
2 1 4
Do you eat

Yes, Pronoun + (2)

No, Pronoun + (2) + not
5 (Complemento)

at Sena

was
a letter were
did
had

a letter

a letter

a letter

at Sena am
is
are
do
a letter
does
have
has
a letter

a letter

a letter

at Sena

will
a letter

a letter
 a letter

5
an ice cream
5
an ice cream
5 ?
an ice cream ?
 CONTRACTIONS

I'm Wasn't Isn't

You're Weren't aren't
She's
It's
We're
You're
They're

Didn't
Don't
Doesn't
Won't

Haven't
Hadn't
Hasn't
She, he, it

You, we, they

is (was)
does are (were)
has

Works

am (was)
Verbs
SPELLING: FINAL -S vs -ES
Final -s, not -es, is added to most verbs.
Visit Visits (Incorrect: visites, speakes, answeres,
Speak Speaks happenes)
Answer Answers
Happen Happens

Hope Hopes
Write Writes Many verbs end in -e. Final -s is simply added.

Catch Catches Final -es is added if the verb ends in -ch, -sh,
Wash Washes -s, -x or -z
Pass Passes
Fix Fixes
Buzz Buzzes

Do Does Final -es is added to do and go

Go Goes

Study Studies
Try Tries If a verb ends in a consonant + -y, change the -y
to -i and add -es (Incorrect studys)

Pay Pays If a verb ends in a vowel + -y, simply add -s

Buy Buys (Incorrect: pais, payes)

Pararell verbs

Jim makes his bed and cleans up his room every morning.
Verb Verb 2

Ann is cooking dinner and (is) talking on the phone at the same time.
I will stay home and (will) study tonight.
I am going to stay home and (am going to) study tonight.
SPELLING OF -ING AND -ED FORMS

Double the
End of verb Simple form ING ED
consonant
Smile Smiling Smiled
e No
Hope Hoping Hoped
Help Helping Helped
Two consonants No
Learn Learning Learned

Two vowels + one Rain Raining Rained

No
consonant Heat Heating Heated
One vowel + one Stop Stopping Stopped
Yes
consonant Plan Planning Planned
Visit Visiting Visited
No
Offer Offering Offered
Prefer Preferring Preferred
Yes
Admit Admitting Admitted
Play Playing Played

y No Enjoy Enjoying Enjoyed

Worry Worrying Worried
Study Studying Studied
Die Dying Died
ie
Tie Tying Tied