Poornima University, Jaipur

School of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Synopsis on “Performance Enhancement of Photovoltaic Panels by
various cooling techniques” For Minor Project
Session 2019-2020

1. Aim \ Introduction: This project aims to enhance the efficiency of the

Photovoltaic system by cooling the photovoltaic panel. One panel operates on
without cooling mode. Another one on front surface cooling method. The last two
panels on dry common grass and sand.
In front surface cooling method, water is made to flow on the panel. A water
pipe of 56cm with 10 no of holes is placed at top of the panel. Water flows in it by
gravitational flow at a rate of 1.5L/Minute. Water absorbs the heat from the panel
keeping it cool.
In the PV Panel stand net of iron is made on which dry common grass are
spread. A pipe of 3mm wide is used with holes at a certain distance to wet the grass.
There is also path for air flow to the grass. The Photovoltaic Panel is placed on it.
This wet grass with air circulation provides cooling effect at the back of the panel.
In the PV Panel stand net of iron is made on which sand is spread. A pipe of
3mm wide is used with holes at a certain distance to wet the sand. Air circulated
through the holes in the net in the stand. Panel is placed on it. It keeps the panel
cool as sand has a property to absorb heat and release it to the environment.
Adopting any of the technology will be helpful in achieving enhanced output of
the Photovoltaic panel.
Technical Detail of the Project:-
a) Origin of Proposal: - Enhancement of Photovoltaic panel efficiency
b) Definition of the Problem: - Increased outcome of PV system
c) Objective: - Lowering the panel temperature to make it more efficient and
reliable

d) Work Plan:-

Origin of Identifyin Resource

problem g solution Description of problem
arrangement

Expected Test Hardware Designing of

output run installation block
diagram

e) Methodology:-
Working Principle:
Experimental set up is to be installed at Poornima University, Jaipur.
It is located at 26.9124 °N, 75.7873°E. A south facing shade free are is to
be selected for installation .The azimuth angle is the compass direction
from which the sunlight is coming. In the Northern hemisphere, between
the latitudes of 23 to 90, the sun is always in the south. Therefore, the
panels are directed to south in order to get the most out of the sun’s energy.
In Southern hemisphere it is the opposite.
There is no predominant morning or afternoon shade due to any factor, the
azimuth angle selection could compensate for energy loss. PV Panels
should be more vertical during winter to gain most of the low winter
sunlight and more tilted during summer to maximize the output.
Declination angle (δ) is the angle between the sun lights and equator plane.
Declination angle occur due to 23.45 degree angle between earth’s
rotational angle and the orbital plane.
Declination angle is calculated by the equation,

Where n represents the day of the year and 1st January is accepted as the
start [16, 18, 20, 21]. Tilt angle (β) is the angle between the panels and the
horizontal plane. This edge is south arranged in the Northern Hemisphere
and north situated in the Southern Hemisphere. Tilt point fluctuates
between 0º ≤ β ≤ 180º. At the point when a plane is turned about even east-
west hub with a solitary day by day alteration, the tilt edge of the surface
will be fixed for every day and is determined by the accompanying
condition.
. β = |φ- δ|
PV Panel:- Polycrystalline PV panels of Ajit solar is used having the following
specifications.

Pyranometer :-It is from Apogee instruments with model no SP 110. This is a

self-powered, analog sensor with 0-400 mV output. The sensor incorporates a
Silicon cell photodiode with a rugged self-cleaning sensor housing design
Calibration Factor (5.0 W/ m² per mV) * Sensor Output Signal
Data Logger:- The data logger is from Everon company having 8 Analog inputs
saving data like voltage, current, temperature and irradiance for all the panels
separately at an frequency of 10minutes.
Temperature sensor:- RTD type temperature sensor has been used. RTD is for
Resistance Temperature Detector. These are also known as Resistance
Thermometers. The American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) has
defined resistance thermometer as a temperature measuring device consists of a
resistance thermometer. It uses the principle that resistance of a metal changes
when temperature changes.

Load:- Load calculation is done by using simple Ohm’s Law. Resistors are used
to avoid complexity of nonlinear loads. A resistance of 20 Ω, 20W is used in series
with 2Ω, 20W.

f) Organization of Work Element:-

STUDY OF RESEARCH PAPER

DISCUSSION WITH READER & LECTURER

SELECTION OF TOPIC OF THE PROJECT

DESIGNING THE SYSTEM

PURCHASING OF COMPONENTS

INSTALLATION

FINAL TESTING
g) Requirements:-

Hardware requirements:-

 Data Logger

 Jio Router

 RTD Sensor

 Load

Approximate Cost:-

SR.NO. COMPONENT NAME RATING/Model PRICE

1. RTD sensor Heraeus nexensos/pt100 1000/-
2. Data Logger Everon en1010 11,000/-
3. Resistors 20W,20ohm =4 250/-
20W, 2ohm =4
4. Jio Router Jio(Reliance) 1350/-
6. Connecting wire - 20/-
7. Report Writing - 1000/-
8. Contingency & other costs 380/-
Approximate cost 15,000/-

2. Deadlines \ Milestones: It will take one full semester to complete the project.

3. Conclusion: In this three types of Photovoltaic panel cooling methods have

considered out of which the most effective method can be determined. Lower
Efficiency of Photovoltaic panel is one of the most important barrier in popularity
of solar energy. According to standard condition the efficiency of Photo Voltaic
panel decays by about 0.5% for each one degree ascend in temperature above the
 Maximum Allowed Temperature. This lowers the overall outcome of the PV
System. Three types of panel cooling methods are used to keep the temperature
with in the MAT by using water, dry grass and sand.

1. Name of Students: Name of Guide: Mr. Ashish Raj

Saransh Patidar Name of Coordinator: Mr. Kapil Shrivastava

(2016PUSETBEEX04563)

Harshad Chouhan

(2016PUSETBEEX04516)

Ankit Singh

(2016PUSETBEEX04506)