“ICE PROTECTION SYSTEM”

The ice and rain protection system lets the aircraft operate normally in ice conditions or
heavy rain.

Ice protection is given by the use of hot air, or electrical power, to make the necessary areas
of the aircraft hot.

A. The areas that hot air supplies are:

1. The leading edge of the slats 3, 4 and 5 on each wing

2. The engine air intakes.

The engine bleed air system supplies the hot air to the anti-ice system.

B. The items with electrical heaters are:

1. The cockpit windshield and side windows

2. The Pitot and Static probes of the Air Data System (ADS)

3. The Total Air Temperature (TAT) probes · the Angle of Attack (alpha) probes

4. The waste-water drain-masts

A. The areas that hot air supplies

1. The leading edge of the slats 3, 4 and 5 on each wing

The airfoil anti-ice system uses hot air bled from the to prevent ice on the slats 3, 4 and 5
leading edge.

Lagged ducts connect the anti-ice valve to a telescopic duct at the slat 3. Each of the slats 3,
4 and 5 have a piccolo duct that supplies the hot air (bled from the engine) to the related slat
leading edge. The slat 3 piccolo duct is connected to the telescopic duct. The slat 3, 4 and 5
piccolo ducts are connected together by flexible ducts. The bleed air in the slats is then
released overboard through the holes in the bottom surface of the slat.
The operation of the anti-ice valve is controlled by the WING pushbutton switch (P/BSW) on
the overhead panel 25VU.
2.· The engine air intakes.

The air intakes anti-ice system uses hot air (from the engine HP compressor) to prevent ice
on the engine air intakes.

The engine air-intake ice protection system uses hot air from the engine HP compressor
intermediate stage. The hot air goes through a solenoid operated, butterfly, anti-ice valve, to
make the engine intake-lip hot.
The operation of the engine ice protection system is controlled by the ENG1(ENG2) P/BSW
on the overhead panel 25VU.
B. The items with electrical heaters

1. The cockpit windshield and side windows

The windshield anti-icing and defogging system keeps the windshield and side windows
clear in ice or fog conditions. The system has two sub-systems, left hand and right hand,
which operate independently. Each sub-system supplies heat to two side windows (one
sliding and one fixed) and one windshield. Each window has two temperature sensors, one
controls the temperature the other is spare. The windshield has three temperature sensors,
one controls the temperature the other two are spare. The sensors control the temperature
between 35 deg.C (95 deg.F) and 42 deg.C (107.6 deg.F).
The windshield anti-icing and defogging system is automatically energized when the first
engine starts. The PROBES/WINDOW HEAT P/BSW, on the overhead panel 25VU, can be
pushed in (on) if the system is necessary before engine start.
2. The Pitot and Static probes of the Air Data System (ADS)

The probes have electrical heaters to prevent ice.

(a) Pitot Probes : The pitot probes have electrical heat elements in the main body and in the
inner surface of the cavity in the mast. When the aircraft is on the ground, the Control and
Monitoring Unit (CMU) automatically decreases the temperature level.

(b) Static Probes : The static probes have electrical heat elements in the edge of the orifice.
3. The Total Air Temperature (TAT) probes · the Angle of Attack (alpha) probes

(a) Alpha Probes : The alpha probes have internal solid-state heat elements in the vane and
in the case heater.

(b) TAT Probes : The only part of the TAT probe that gets hot is the leading edge of the air
intake. When the aircraft is on the ground, the TAT probe electrical supply is automatically
isolated by the CMU.

The voltage that supplies the pitot probes, the alpha probes and the TAT probes is 115V
AC. The voltage that supplies the static probes is 28V DC.
The probe heat systems are automatically energized when the first engine is started. The
PROBES/WINDOW HEAT P/BSW, on the overhead panel 25VU, can be pushed in (on) if
probe heat is necessary before engine start.
4. The waste-water drain-masts

The waste water from the galley and lavatory washbasins is discarded overboard through
two drain masts (4DU and 14DU) on the bottom skin of the fuselage. To prevent ice, in or
around the drain masts, they have electrical heaters.

The drain masts have internal electrical heat-elements, which are connected to the aircraft
electrical network. The elements are energized when electrical power is applied to the
aircraft. There are two power levels for the drain masts, 18.72 Watt (on the ground) and
313.6 Watt (in flight).