CHAPTER 4 TISSUE

EPITHELIUM
TYPES STRUCTURE FUNCTION LOCATION SAMPLE PICTURE
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS  Single layer  Diffusion  Lining of BV
 Flat/hexagonal cells  Filtration  Lining of heart
 Nuclei (CS): bump like  Some secretion  Alveoli
 Some protection against  Lymphatic vessels
friction  Kidney (Loop of henle,
glomerular capsule)
 Lining of serous
membranes

SIMLE CUBOIDAL  Single layer  Secretion and absorption
 Cube shape by cells of kidney tubules
 Some (+) cilia/ microvilli  Secretion by glands and
choroid plexus
 Movement of particles in
terminal bronchioles
 Kidney tubules (PCT, DCT)
 Glands and ducts
 Choroid plexus
 Lining of terminal
bronchiole
 Surface of ovaries

SIMPLE COLUMNAR  Single layer  Movement of particles in  Glands, some ducts

 Tall, narrow cells bronchioles  Bronchioles
 Some (+) cilia / microvilli  Partially responsible:  Auditory tubes
oocyte movement  Uterus
 Secretion by cells of the  Uterine tubes
glands, stomach,  Stomach
intestines  Intestines
 Absorption in intestines  Gallbladder
 Bile ducts
 Ventricles of brain
 PSEUDOSTRATIFIED  Single layer
COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM  Others are tall and thin,
some reach the surface
 Nuclei: different levels
 Ciliated
 Goblet cells
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS  Several layers
EPITHELIUM  Cuboidal in basal layer
 Flat in surface
 Keratinized (keratin
replaces cytoplasm)
 Non keratinized (moist)
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM  Stratified/many layers
 Cuboidal – organ not
stretched
 Squamous- organ is
stretched
STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL  >1 layer
 cuboidal
 Synthesize and secrete
mucus
 Move mucus
 Protect from abrasion
 Form barrier
 Reduce water loss
 Accommodates
fluctuations in volume of
fluid in an organ
 Secretion
 Absoption
 Protection
 Lining of nasal cavity
 Nasal sinuses
 Auditory tubes
 Pharynx
 Trachea
 Bronchi of lungs
 Keratinized: outer layer of
skin
 Non keratinized: mouth
throat, larynx, esophagus,
anus, vagina, inferior
urethra, cornea
 Lining of urinary bladder
 Ureters
 Superior urethra
 Sweat ducts
 Ovarian follicular cells
 Salivary gland
 STRATIFIED COLUMNAR  >1 layer  Secretion  Mammary gland ducts
 Columnar: surface cells  Absoption  Larynx
 Irregular/Cuboidal: deep  Protection  Portion of male urethra
layer/basal layer

CONNECTIVE TISSUE
LOOSE CONNECTIVE
STRUCTURE FUNCTION LOCATION SAMPLE PICTURE
AREOLAR  Fine network of fibers  Loose packing  epithelial basement
with spaces  Support membrane
 Fibroblast, macrophage,  nourishment  attach skin to underlying
lymphocyte structures

ADIPOSE  Fat cells  Packing material  Subcutaneous organs

 Full of lipids  Thermal insulator  Mesenteries
 Cytoplasm pushed to  Energy storage  Renal pelves
periphery  Protection of organs  Attached surfaces of colon
 Mammary glands
RETICULAR  Irregularly arranged
reticular fibers
REGULAR COLLAGENOUS  Matrix: collagen fibers,
run same direction in
tendons and ligaments
REGULAR ELASTIC  Matrix: collagen
fibers+elastic fibers
IRREGULAR  Oriented in different
COLLAGENOUS directions
IRREGULAR ELASTIC  Oriented in different
directions
 Superstructure for  Lymph node
lymphatic and  Spleen
hemopoietic tissues  Bone marrow
DENSE CONNECTIVE
 Withstand pulling forces  Tendon
 Great tensile strength  Ligament
 Dermis
 Outer layer of BV
 Stretch and recoil  Elastic ligaments: bet
 Like rubber band vertebrae and dorsal neck
 Vocal cords
 BV
  
  Wall of arteries 

HYALINE  Collagen fibers= small,
evenly dispersed
 Matrix: transparent
 Chondrocytes
 lacunae
FIBROCARTILAGE  Numerous fibers
 Thick bundles
ELASTIC  Matrix=elastic fibers
SUPPORTING CONNECTIVE
 allows growth of long  growing long bones
bones  cartilage rings of
 provides rigidity with respiratory system
some flexibility  costal cartilage of ribs
 form embryonic skeleton  nasal cartilage
 embryonic skeleton
 Somewhat flexible  Intervertebral disk
 Can withstand pressure  Pubic symphisis
 Articular disk
(knees,temporomandibular
joint)
 Provide rigidity  External ears
 More flexible than  Epiglottis
hyaline  Auditory tubes
BONE  Hard, bony, matrix  Provides great strength  All bones in the body
 Osteocytes and support
 Matrix = lamellae  Protect internal organs
 Provides attachment to
muscle and ligament

FLUID CONNECTIVE
BLOOD  Formed elements  Transport O2,CO2,  Within blood vessel
 Fluid matrix hormones, nutrients,  WBC: extracellular spaces
waste products
 Protect from infections

HEMOPOIETIC TISSUE  Produces cells   Bone marrow 

MUSCLE TISSUE
STRUCTURE FUNCTION LOCATION SAMPLE PICTURE
SKELETAL  Striated  Voluntary movement  Muscles attached to bone
 Large, long, cylindrical cells
 Many nuclei per cell
CARDIAC  Striated  Involuntary movement  Heart
 Cylindrical cells  Pumps blood
 1 nucleus per cell

SMOOTH  Non striated  Involuntary movement  Stomach

 Tapered each end  Intestines
 1 nucleus per cell  Skin and eyes

NERVOUS TISSUE
STRUCTURE FUNCTION LOCATION
NERVOUS TISSUE  Dendrites  Transmit information in  Brain
 Cell body form of action potentials  Spinal cord
 Long axon  Store information  Ganglia
 Glia  Integrate and evaluate
data
 Glia support, protect and
form specialized sheaths
around axon