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Acara 1 2
Acara 1 2
Acara 1 2
MICROORGANISM
Endoenzyme test is done in two ways, namely oxidase test and catalase test.
Oxidase test The oxidase test is carried out by means of filter paper measuring ± 2-3
times the size of the colony with tetramethyl paraphenildiamin reagent, then the filter
paper is placed directly above the colony and left for 10 minutes. This test shows a
positive response if a colony changes color to a dark purple color, whereas a negative
response is indicated by no occurrence discoloration (Putri et al., 2017). The catalase
test was carried out using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 3%. The isolate is taken from the
culture stock and placed on the slide. One to two drops of 3% H2O2 are added to the
isolate. If bubbles form indicates catalase-positive bacteria, and if not then it indicates
catalase-negative bacteria (Amaliah et al., 2018).
A. Material
The tools that used in this practical activity are sterile spoons, sterile plastic bag,
aluminum foil, tube racks, test tubes, bunsen burners, measuring pipette, sprayers,
fillers, dropper pipettes, petri dishes, drugalsky rods, ose needles, glass objects,
durham tubes, sterile tubes, paper straw, and microscope.
The materials that used in this practical activity are paddy field soil samples,
distilled water, alcohol, Gram A (crystal violet), Gram B (Lugol's iodine), Gram C
(Ethanol 96%), Gram D (safranin), Nutrient Agar (NA) medium, Nutrient Broth (NB)
medium, Mineral + Fat medium, Skim Milk Agar (SMA) medium, Starch Agar (SA)
medium, Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) medium, sugar test medium (lactose,
arabinose, galactose, glucose , fructose and sucrose) and Sulfide Indole Motility Agar
medium (SIMA), H2O2 catalase reagent, oxidase reagents
(tetramethyl-p-phenylenediaminedihidrochloride).
B. Method
B.1 Soil Isolation
One gram of paddy soil is taken with a depth of 30 cm. Soil samples were
stratified using 9 ml of distilled water up to 10-5. The last three dilutions were platting
on NA medium by spread plate and incubated at room temperature for 2 x 24 hours.
The growth colonies were selected by 5 isolates and quadrant streaked and incubated
for 2 × 24 hours to produce purified isolates. The purified colony was inoculated on
the NA sloping medium streaked continuously and on NB media by dipping the
isolate into the medium and incubating at room temperature for 2 x 24 hours.
B.2 Characterization
B.2.1 Morphology
a. Macromorphology
Purification colony was observed its morphological macro characters,
namely shape, color, elevation, edge, surface, and size of the colony.
b. Motility test
Solid isolates were inoculated on the SIM A medium medium sterile tube
using a sterile prick and incubated for 1 × 24 hours at room temperature.
c. Micromorphology
Purification colonies were observed for their micromorphological characters by
observing the properties of grams and cell shapes. Observation of gram properties can
be done by methods including each isolate from incubation results (A, B, C, D, E)
reviewed on a glass object that has previously been dripped with sufficient distilled
water and fixed 2-3 times over bunsen fire, isolates dropped with Gram A (crystal
violet) and allowed to stand for 60 seconds, rinse with distilled water and then
washed-dry-air-dry, isolate drops with Gram B (Lugol's iodine) and allowed to stand
for 60 seconds, rinse with distilled water and then washed-dry-wind- the isolate was
rinsed with Gram C (ethanol 96%) until clean, then washed-dried-air-dried, the isolate
was dropped with Gram D (Safranin) and allowed to stand for 45 seconds, rinsed with
distilled water and then washed-dried-air-dried, After staining, isolates were observed
under a microscope to find out the cell shape and gram type.
B.2.2 Biochemistry
B.2.2.1 Exoenzyme
a. Amylolytic Assay
Recultured solid isolates on NA (Nutrient Agar) medium were taken using
an ose needle and then streaked with ½ quadrant streak on the SA (Starch
Agar) medium aseptically and incubated for 1 × 24 hours at room temperature.
b. Proteolytic Assay
Recultured solid isolates on NA (Nutrient Agar) medium were taken using
an ose needle and then streaked with ½ quadrant streak on the SMA (Skim
Milk Agar) medium aseptically and incubated for 1 × 24 hours at room
temperature.
c. Lypolytic Assay
Recultured solid isolates on NA (Nutrient Agar) medium were taken using
an ose needle and then streaked with full quadrant streak on the MM+lipid
medium aseptically and incubated for 1 × 24 hours at room temperature.
d. Cellulose Assay
Recultured solid isolates on NA (Nutrient Agar) medium were taken using
an ose needle and then streaked with ½ quadrant streak on the CMC medium
aseptically and incubated for 1 × 24 hours at room temperature.
.
B.2.2.2 Endoenzyme
a. Oxidase Assay
Solid isolate were taken using an ose needle then swab on filter paper in
the object glass aseptically. Isolates were dropped by oxidase reagent
(tetramethyl-p-phenylenediaminedihidrochloride) and observed by
interpretation if positive (+) dark blue discoloration occurs on the paper filter,
while negative (-) color changes do not occur on filter paper.
b. Catalase Assay
Solid isolates were taken using an ose needle and then aseptically swab on
the glass object. The isolate drops with catalase reagent (H2O2) then observe
with interpretation when positive (+) bubbles form, while negative (-) bubbles
do not form.
B.2.3 Physiologic
a. Effect of PH on Bacteria
Liquid isolates were inoculated on Nutrient Broth medium with a pH of 3,
7, and 11 using a 0.1 ml measuring pipette and incubated for 1 × 24 hours at
room temperature. Interpretations observed if the positive (+) medium will be
cloudy/ turbid and if the negative (-) medium remains clear.
b. Effect of Temperature on Bacteria
Liquid isolates were inoculated in NB medium as much as 0.1 ml
aseptically and incubated at 4o C, RT, and 60o C for 1 × 24 hours.
Interpretations observed if the positive (+) medium will be cloudy/ turbid and if
the negative (-) medium remains clear.
c. Effect of Osmotic Pressure on Bacteria
Liquid isolates were inoculated in NB medium with different osmotic
pressures of 0.5%, 2%, and 3% using a 0.1 ml measuring pipette and incubated
for 2 × 24 hours at room temperature. Interpretations observed if the positive
(+) medium will be cloudy/turbid and if the negative (-) medium remains
clear.
B.2.4 Acidform
a. Sugar Assay
The incubated isolates (A, B, C, D, E) were taken as much as 0.1 ml and each
of them was put into a medium containing types of sugars (glucose, sucrose,
lactose, fructose, galactose, and arabinose) and then incubated during 2 x 24
hours at room temperature. Positive interpretation (+) occurs if there are
bubbles in the Durham tube and the media turns yellow and negative (-) if there
is no change.
b. Uji Oksidatif-Fermentatif
Tusuk steril dicelupkan ke dalam isolat cair hasil inkubasi (A, B, C, D, E)
kemudian dilakukan stab inoculation ke dalam 2 medium OF basal. Salah satu
medium OF ditambahkan dengan 2-3 tetes parafin cair, lalu diinkubasi selama
2 x 24 jam dalam suhu ruang. Interpretasi positif (+) jika kedua medium terjadi
perubahan warna menjadi kuning dan terbentuk gas dan negatif (-) jika tidak
ada perubahan warna dan gas.
Gambar 3.8 Hasil Uji Amilolitik Gambar 3.9 Hasil Uji Lipolitik
Uji amilolitik adalah uji untuk mengetahui aktivitas enzim amilase dalam
menghidrolisis amilum. Uji ini menggunakan pati sebagai nutrisi mikroba yang
dihidrolisis menjadi bentuk yang lebih sederhana, yaitu glukosa. Enzim amilase
memecah ikatan glikosidik dari pati. Ikatan tersebut terletak di α-1,4 rantai glukan
pati sehingga menghasilkan glukosa yang akan terlarut dan masuk kedalam sel. Hal
tersebut dapat dilihat dengan memberikan reagen lugol’s iodine pada koloni. Pati
akan bereaksi dengan lugol’s iodine dan membentuk kompleks biru-hitam pada
media. Terbentuknya zona jernih disekitar koloni yang tumbuh menunjukkan bahwa
isolat tersebut dapat menghidrolisis pati (Rehm, 1987). Berdasarkan hasil yang
diperoleh hanya isolat D dan E yang memiliki interpretasi positif ditunjukkan dengan
terbentuknya zona jernih di sekitar koloni. Isolat A, B dan C tetap berwarna
biru-hitam yang menunjukkan bahwa isolat tersebut tidak dapat menghidrolisis pati.
Uji lipolitik adalah uji untuk mengetahui kemampuan sel dalam menghasilkan
lipase untuk menghindrolisis lemak. Untuk mendpatkan nutrisi dari lipid, terlebih
dahulu sel harus menghidrolisis lemak. Pecahnya trigliserida dikarenakan putusnya
rantai – R = hidrokarbon. Media yang biasa digunakan adalah media mineral (MM)
yang ditambahkan lemak (Rehm, 1987). Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dari uji
lipolitik yaitu interpretasi positif di dapatkan dari isolat B, C, dan D karena terbentuk
bintik-bintik merah dibawah koloni dan media berubah warna menjadi sedikit
kekuningan. Sedangkan untuk interpretasi negatif didapatkan pada isolat A dan E
karena tidakterbentuk bintik-bintik merah dibawah koloni. Umumnya olive oil
dipilih sebagai sumber lemak. Media atersebut juga mengandung indikator pH
neutral red, sehingga apabila sel dapat menhidrolisis lemak, media akan berubah
warna menjadi kuning atau kekuningan dengan bintik-bintik merah terbentuk
dibawah koloni yang tumbuh (Dwidjoseputro, 2005).
Gambar 3.22 Hasil Uji Gula Gambar 3.23 Hasil Uji Gula
dan Acid Form Isolat C dan Acid Form Isolat D
Gambar 3.25 Hasil Uji Fisiologi Gambar 3.26 Hasil Uji Fisiologi
Suhu Ruang Suhu 4℃
Gambar 3.27 Hasil Uji Fisiologi Gambar 3.28 Hasil Uji Fisiologi
Suhu 50℃ Suhu 60℃
Gambar 3.29 Hasil Uji Fisiologi Gambar 3.30 Hasil Uji Fisiologi
pH 3 pH 7
Gambar 3.35 Hasil Uji Oksidatif Gambar 3.36 Hasil Uji Oksidatif
Fermentatif Isolat A Fermentatif Isolat B
A. Kesimpulan
Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan yaitu untuk
melakukan karakterisasi terdapat 3 uji yaitu uji morfologi, uji biokimiawi, dan uji
fisiologi. Uji Morfologi meliputi makromorfologi dan mikromorfologi. Uji Fisiologi
meliputi uji pH, uji temperature/suhu, dan uji salinitas.
B. Saran
Sebaiknya dalam praktikum lebih berhati hati lagi agar dapat mengurangi
kontaminasi sehingga didapatkan hasil maksimal dan sebaiknya saat pengumpulan
data di lakukan serentak saat selesai pengamatan agar tidak terjadi kesulitan saat
pengumpulan data.
.
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