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06 Eurocodes Steel Workshop WALD PDF
06 Eurocodes Steel Workshop WALD PDF
column base
František Wald
Czech Technical University in Prague
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Motivation
To present
o Content/principles
o Selected particularities
o Questions
To offer
o Worked examples
for design according to EN1993-1-8: 2005 of
Bolts
Welds
Column bases
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
3.2 Rivets 20
3.3 Anchor bolts 21
3.4 Categories of bolted connections 21
3.4.1 Shear connections 21
3.4.2 Tension connections 21
Bolt standards
EN 15048
Non-preloaded structural bolting assemblies
o Part 1: General requirements
o Part 2: Suitability test
EN 14399
High-strength structural bolting for preloading
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
EN 14399
Part 1: General requirements
Part 2: Suitability test for preloading
Part 3: System HR — Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies
Part 4: System HV — Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies
Part 5: Plain washers
Part 6: Plain chamfered washers
Part 7: System HR – Countersunk head bolt and nut assemblies
Part 8 : System HV – Hexagon fit bolt and nut assemblies
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Part 3: System HR —
Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Part 4: System HV —
Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Mechanical properties
EN ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy
steel — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs (ISO 898-1:1999)
EN 20898-2, Mechanical properties of fasteners — Part 2: Nuts with specified
proof load values — Coarse thread (ISO 898-2:1992)
Material
Bolts made of carbon steel and alloy steel:
4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8, 8.8, 10.9
Nuts made of carbon steel and alloy steel:
4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12
Bolts made of austenitic stainless steel:
50, 70, 80
Nuts made of austenitic stainless steel:
50, 70, 80
Washers (if appropriate) according to
hardness class HV 100 or HV 200
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
EN 1993-1-8
Material Properties
Nominal values for bolts
fyb is yield strength
fub is ultimate tensile strength
fyb
240 320 300 400 480 640 900
(N/mm2)
fub
400 400 500 500 600 800 1000
(N/mm2)
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Holes
o Normal
+1 mm for M 12
+2 mm for M 16 up M 24
+3 mm for M 27 and bigger
o Oversized with 3 mm (M12) up 8 mm (M27)
o Slotted (elongated)
o Close fitting – flushed bolts
for bolt M20 must be the clearance d < 0,3 mm
v A fub
Fv, Rd
M2
v = 0,6
Resistance in bearing d0
k1 ab d t fu
Fb,Rd d
M2
where b is the smallest of d, fub or 1,0
fu e1 p1
Inner bolt
Outer bolt
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Resistance in Bearing
tw tp 4
4
5,6 10 10 50
10
k1 b d t fu
Fb ,Rd
M2
e1 p1 p1 e1
e2
2 ,8 1,7
d0
e2 e2
p2 p2 a2
k1 min 1,4 1,7
d0
p2 F a2
2 ,5 e2 e2
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
e1 p1 e1
Influence of distances e1 =
e2 p1 =
p2 e2 =
F p2 =
e2
Nomimal transversal distances:
e1 = 1,2 d0 e2
1,7
1,2 d 0
2 ,8 2 ,8 1,7 1,66
d0 d0
p1 = 2,2 d0
e2 = 1,2 d0 p2 2 ,4 d 0
k1 min 1,4 1,7 min 1,4 1,7 min 1,66 1,66
d0 d0
p2 = 2,4 d0
2 ,5 2 ,5 2 ,5
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
e1 p1 e1
Sum
e1 = 1,2 d0
e2 p1 = 3,0 d0
p2 e2 = 1,5 d0
F p2 = 3,0 d0
e2
Sum of resistances
d t fu d t fu d t fu
Fb,Rd 2 1,875 2 1,00 5,75
M2 M2 M2
Minimal resistance
d t fu d t fu
Fb,Rd 4 1,0 4 ,0
M2 M2
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Pitch distances
Min
p1 = 2,2 d0
p2 = 2,4 d0
optimum e1 from 1,2 d0 to 1,45 d0
e2 = 1,2 d0
k1 ab d t fu 1,66 0 ,483 d t fu d t fu
Fb ,Rd 0 ,802
M2 M2 M2
Large
p1 = 3,75 d0
p2 = 3,0 d0
e1 = 3,0 d0
e2 = 1,5 d0 k1 ab d t fu 2 ,5 1,0 d t fu d t fu
Fb ,Rd 2 ,5
M2 M2 M2
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Steel S690 Experiment bolts M12 10.9 minimal and maximal pitch
B1 B2 B3 B1 B2 B3
B3
B3
B2
B1 Last-Verformungskurve
Versuch VL-100-220-385
B2 Last-Verfromungskurve
Versuch VL-240-320-385
350
500
Fu = 297kN Fu,test =
300 Fv ,R = 438 432kN
= 27% B1 400
Fb,R,max = 426
250
Fb,R = 234kN
Kraft Fx [kN]
200 300
Kraft Fx [kN]
150
200
100
100
50
0
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Verformung ux [mm]
Verschiebung ux [mm]
e1 = 1,0 d0 < min. e1 = 1,2 d0 e1 = 2,4d0 and p1 = 3,2 d0
Numerical model
• Good agreement
• Diffference D=5,5%
Comparison of simulation VL-100-220-385
University of Dortmund,
Institute of Steel Structures
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
22 18 Force, F, kN
18 200
180
40 40 8 16 8 40 40 8 16 8 Circular holes, (test 1c-16-1-d+2)
160
140
M 16 M 16
120
100
10 10 Slotted holes, (test 5c-16-1-d+2,5)
80
35 35
50 50 60
25 25
40
110 110 20
Displacement , mm
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Block tearing
Failure in shear at the row of bolts
along the shear face of the hole group
accompanied by
Tensile rupture
along the line of bolt holes
on the tension face of the bolt group
N Ed
N Ed
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Test
Orbison J.G., Wagner M. E., Fritz W.P. 1999, Tension plane behavior in single-row bolted
connections subject to block shear, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 49,
225 – 239
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
FE model
Rupture
Topkaya C., 2004, A finite element parametric study on block shear failure of steel
tension members, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 60, 1615 – 1635,
ISSN 0143-974X.
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Design model
Eccentric loading
Veff,2,Rd = 0,5 fu Ant / M2 + (1/√3) fy Anv / M0
Worked Example – Angle connected by one leg WE
P10; 1.4401
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
70 35 2014
Brussels, 16 - 17 October
40 240
35
25
Worked Example - Angle100
L - 100 x 100 10 70
materiál 1.4401
30 + 7 x 30 +30
8 x M16; 70
60
240
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Worked example –
Fin plate connection 3 x M20, 8.8
P10 - 230 x 110
meteriál S235 HEA 200
10 S235
35
IPE 300 45
S235
70
230
70
VSd = 100 kN 45
5
50 50
60
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
80 45
70 70
230
70 70
45
50
50
fy,b1 nv 0,5 360 50 11 7,1 1 235 220 2 22 11 7,1
0,5 fu,b1 Ant 1 A
VRd,11
M2 3 M0 1,25 103 3 1,0 103
39,9 159 kN 199 kN
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
45
70 70
70 70
45
50
In beam web 50
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
N Ed
45
e 2 =35
2× L80 × 6 6 6
40 70 70 70 70 40 8
e1 p1
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
N Ed
45
e 2 =35
2× L80 × 6 6 6
40 70 70 70 70 40 8
e1 p1
Bolts in shear
Two shear planes
Shear in bolt thread
v As fub 0,6 245 500
Resistance for one bolt Fv.Rd 2 2 117,6 kN
M2 1,25
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
N Ed
45
e 2 =35
2× L80 × 6 6 6
40 70 70 70 70 40 8
e1 p1
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Future?
Advanced models
of bolted connections
o FEM research models
o Validated on experiments
Welds
o General
o Fillet weld
oDesign model
oDesign example
oWelding to flexible plate
o Summary
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Electrode classification
EN 499 classification of carbon and low alloy steel electrodes
E 38 0 RC 1 1
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Welds
o General
o Fillet weld
oDesign model
oDesign example
oWelding to flexible plate
o Summary
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Fillet welds –
Definition of effective throat thickness a
Plane Stresses
Huber-Mises-Henckey condition of plasticity (HMH)
o Triaxial state of stress (needed exceptionally only)
o Plane state of stress (needed very often) z
53
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
2^ 3 2^ 2II f u b w Mw
^ f u Mw
Welds
o General
o Fillet weld
oDesign model
oDesign example
oWelding to flexible plate
o Summary
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
F 2a l fu b
w Mw 3
Throat
thickness, not
leg length
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
^ ^ R 2
Ignored parallel fillet
Has to be satisfied weld
2^ 3 2^ f u b w Mw
After substitution
R
2 +3 R
2
2
2
2 2R f u b w Mw
R f u b w Mw 2
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Connection of cantilever
Shear force V Sd = FSd.
Transferred by web II = FSd 2 a h
fillets
Bending moment M Sd = F Sd e
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Welds
o General
o Fillet weld
oDesign model
oDesign example
oWelding to flexible plate
o Summary
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Effective Width
Unstiffened column flanges
In EN1993-1-8 Clause 6.2.4.4
t fb fyb
Ft,fc,Rd t wc 2 s 7 k t fc
M0
fyc t fc
k min ; 1
f t
yb fb
twc is thickness of column web
tfc thickness of column flange
tfb thickness of beam flange
s is equal to fillet radius rc for hot rolled column sections
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Welds
o General
o Fillet weld
oDesign model
oDesign example
oWelding to flexible plate
o Summary
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Summary
o Chapter 4 in EN1993-1-8: 2005
o Rules for connection of open sections
o Size of welds
o Weld design for full resistance
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
( fy / M0 ) t (235 / 1,0) t
a 0,7 0,7 0,47 t 0,5 t
fu / Mw 360 / 1,25 66
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
t fy /( 3 M 0 ) t 235 /(1,0 3 ) t
a 0,85 0,85 0,85 0,33 t 0,3 t
fw / Mw fu / Mw 360 / 1,25
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Weld Design
or Full Resistance of Connecting Members
Loading by normal force 0,5 t
Loading by shear force 0,3 t
Compare to AISC is less economical design
AISC – LRFD – matching with SMAW EN1993-1-8: 2005
fy fEXX fw.u.side
a Steel grade a
(N/mm2) (ksi – N/mm2) (N/mm2)
60 – 414 0,37 t
235 S235 208 0,37 t
70 – 483 0,33 t
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
70
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Component method
Anchor bolts in tension
cl. 6.2.8 and base plate in bending
Components
o Concrete block in compression
and base plate in bending
o Anchor bolt in tension Anchor bolts in shear
and base plate in bending
o Component anchor bolt in shear
o Column web and flange in compression
Column web in shear
71
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Background materials
Wald F., Sokol Z., Steenhuis M. and Jaspart, J.P.,
Component Method for Steel Column Bases,
Heron. 2008, vol. 53, no. 1/2, 3-20, ISSN 0046-7316
Steenhuis M., Wald F., Sokol Z. and Stark J.W.B.,
Concrete in Compression and Base Plate in Bending,
Heron. 2008, vol. 53, no. 1/2, 51-68, ISSN 0046-7316.
Wald F., Sokol Z. and Jaspart J.P.,
Base Plate in Bending and Anchor Bolts in Tension,
Heron, 2008, vol. 53, no. 1/2, 21-50, ISSN 0046-7316.
Gresnight N., Romeijn A., Wald F., and Steenhuis M.,
Column Bases in Shear and Normal Force,
Heron, 2008, vol. 53, no. 1/2, 87-108, ISSN 0046-7316.
EN 1992-4 Eurocode 2:
Design of concrete structures — Part 4: Design of Fastenings for Use in Concrete
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Component
Concrete in compression and base plate in bending
FSd
Design principles Column flange
• 3D behaviour od concrete D
• Design bearing strength of the joint fjd
• Flexible base plate on concrete block t
L
• Effective rigid area under the flexible plate Aeff
Base plate
• Deformation of concrete block
• Stiffness coefficient for concrete deformation under the flexible plate kc
3D behaviour
Concentrated force for at concrete resistance FRd,u
o Design bearing strength of joint cl. 6.2.5(7)
o Area of crushing of the concrete Ac0
o According to cl. 6.7(2) in EN 1992-1-1
Ac1
FRd,u Ac0 fcd 3,0 Ac0 fcd
Ac0
Load axes
Ac0 = b1 d1
Ac1 = b2 d2
h b2 – b1; h d2 – d1
3 b1 b2 a 3 d1 d2
h 75
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Load axes
Area h
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
h 77
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
and the bending moment per unit length on the base plate of span c and
loaded by distributed load is
1 2
M′ = fj c
2
where fj is concrete bearing strength
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
where c c
A eq
Effective
c c
area
c
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Stiffness
F ar 0,85 F
Deformation of an elastic hemisphere r
E E c arl L
cfl
x
E Ip
aeq,el t w + 2 ,5 t aeq,st =
Width of effective T stub ar
in elastic stage fy
= tw + 2 c = tw + 2 t
3 f jd M0
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Validation to experiments
1800 Force, kN F
1600 tw L
t
1400 Calculated strength
1200 Experiment d
Concrete and grout
1000
Concrete
800
Prediction based on local and global deformation,
600
400
200 Prediction based on local deformation only
0
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 Deformation, mm
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Lower nut
Influence of grout
o Grout higher quality than concrete block
b1 = 2/3 1,0
Packings
o Grout lower quality than concrete block
o Model as plate on liquid
bj = 2 / 3
tg
f c.g 0,2 f c t tg
tg
t g 0,2 min (a ; b)
t g 0,2 min (a ; b) h 45
o tg
o
45
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Component
Anchor bolts in tension and base plate in bending
n m
Q Q Q Q
0,2
4 l eff m pl,Rd / B T,Rd
0,0
0 0,5 1 1,5 2
o No prying force
o For Q = 0
o Limiting bolt length
F
8 ,82m 3 As b = p n
Lb .lim Lb
Leff t 3 m n
b
p
Q=0 Q=0
Failure mode 1- 2
For the effective length ℓeff the yield line method may be used.
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
l2 4 m
In case of prying
l 1 2 m 4 m 1,25 e
l2 2 m
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
e w e
Length of effective T stub ex
mx
0 ,8 2 a
Bolts outside the flanges
bp
l
Leff .1 m b
Leff .2
2
a a c 2 b bc 2 2 2
m e a eb
Leff .5 m Leff .4
a 2
2 2
2 ea eb
Leff .3 m a ac 2 b bc 2
8 e a eb
L eff min ( Leff .1 ; Leff .2 ; Leff .3 ; Leff .4 ; Leff .5 )
Wald F., Bouguin V., Sokol Z., Muzeau J.P., Component Method for Base Plate of RHS, Proceedings of the
Conference Connections in Steel Structures IV: Steel Connections in the New Millenium, Roanoke
2000, IV/8- IV/816.
Heinisuo M., Perttola H., Ronni H., Joints between circular tubes, Steel Construction, 5(2) (2012) 101-107.
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Stiffness coefficients
0,425 l eff t 3
For base plate of thickness t kp
m3
As
kb 2,0
For bolt Lb
93
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Comparison to experiments
Stiffens and resistance of anchor bolt with header plate
Force, kN
180 40
160
Experiment W13/98
140
Experiment W14/97 24 - 355
120 315 365
Prediction
100 P6 - 40 x 50 40 5
80 50 10
60 10
6
40 5
P10 - 95 x 95
20
0
95 95
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6
Deformation, mm
Comparison to experiments
350 Force, kN
350 Force, kN
50 50
W97-02
Deformation, mm Deformation, mm
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Components in Shear
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
b fub As
Simplification by limiting of shear F2,vb,Rd
Mb
where fub is bolt design strength (in range 640 MPa fub 235 N/mm2)
b = 0,44 – 0,0003 fyb
Mb is safety factor for bolts
Gresnigt N., Romeijn A., Wald F., Steenhuis M.,
Column Bases in Shear and Normal Force, Heron (2008) 87-108. 98
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Ft,pl,Rd Fc,pl,Rd
zt zc
z
Wald F., Sokol Z., Steenhuis M. and Jaspart J.P.,
Component Method for Steel Column Bases, Heron 53 (2008) 3-20. 100
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
M - N interaction diagram
M1 , N 1
M
M 2, N 2
M N=0
Tension Compression
Ft.Rd 0 N N
M=0
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
NEd NEd
t,l c,r
c,l c,r
zt,l zc,r zc,l zc,r
z z
Stiffness
Simplified contact area round the axes of compressed flange
1,5
2 ,7
kp
r/2
1 k t
M Sd / N Sd
kc kc kc
kb
r/2
M Rd / N Sd
M Sd / N Sd
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
M oment
History of loading M Rd
Non-proportional loading
Proportional loading
o Influence to stiffness Nonlinear part of the curve
o No influence to resistance Plastification of one component
e0 NSd
S j.ini
0 Rotation
Non-proportional
M oment loading
Proportional
loading
Column base
resistance
0 Normal force
105
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Validation on experiment
Components Assembly
Force, kN Moment, kNm
200 80
Ekb
100 Experiment
Anchor bolt
0 60 W7-4.20-prop
0,5
200 Force, kN M
N
100 E k p 40 Prediction HE 160 B
Base plate
0
0,5 t = 20
20 h = 500
200 E k c Force, kN
100
0,5 Concrete
0 0
Deformation, , mm
0 10 Rotation, mrad
Validation on experiment
Proportional loading, bolt failure
Moment, kNm Moment, kNm
80 W7-4.20-prop 80
W7-4.20-prop
HE 160 B- 480 70
60
4 M 24 - 4.6- 420 60
P 20- 300 x 220 50
40 30 x 330 x 250 40
550 x 550 x 550
30
20 Model 20
Experiment 10 Normal force, kN
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Rotation, mrad 0 500 1000
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Classification
According to stiffness
Asked accuracy of design
5% in resistance
10% in serviceability
S j,ini,stif
0,7
0,6 _
0,0001 0,01 1,00 100,0 log S
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
0,8
5m
0,6
S j,ini,pin
0,4
S j,ini,stif
0,2
0
0,01 100
log S
0,0001 1
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
1,0 Rigid
0,8
S j,ini,c,n = 30 E I c/ L c
0,6
0,2 Semirigid
Pinned
0
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 Rotation,
113
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
114
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
t f = 15
c
c
h c = 200 c tw= 9
c
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
c
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
120
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Component
Anchor bolt and plate in bending
Bolt resistance
for M 24; As = 253 mm2
0,9 fub As
FT,3,Rd 2 Bt,Rd 2
mb
0,9 360 353
2 183,0 103 N
1,25
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Component
Concrete block and plate in bending
Concrete crushing resistance
Ac1 b 2 d2 2 1420 1420
f jd b j fcd b j fcd = 16 / 1,5
Ac0 b1 d1 3 420 420
24,0 MPa 3,0 fcd 3,0 16 / 1,5 32 MPa
Force equilibrium
FEd Aeff f j FT,Rd
Contact force for full bolt resistance
FEd FRd,3 500 103 183,0 103
Aeff 28 458 mm 2
f jd 24 ,0
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
c
t f = 15 rt
c
hc = 200
beff r
t f = 15 c c
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Bending resistance
for normal force FEd = 500 kN
MRd FT,3,Rd rb Aeff f jd rc
183,0 103 160 28 458 24 ,0 108,1
103,1 106 Nmm 103,1 kNm
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Bending stiffness
Stiffness coefficient t f = 15
b c = 15
t
o Anchor bolt a eq
As 353
kb 2,0 2,0 2,7 mm
Lb 261,5
o Base plate
0,425 Lb,eff t 3 0,425 210 303
kb 16,0 mm
m3 53,2 3
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Bending stiffness
Stiffness coefficient
Ec 27 500
kc aeq bc 90 200 13,8 mm
1,275 Es 1,275 210 000
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Bending stiffness
Lever arm r rt rc 160 92,5 252,5 mm
Eccentricity M Rd 103,1 10 6
e 3
206,2 mm
FEd 500 10
Bending stiffness
e Es r 2 206,2 210 000 252,52
S j,ini
ea 1 206,2 56,4 1 1
i k i
1
2,31 13,78
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Classification
Bending stiffness for column HE 200 B of length Lc = 4,0 m
Lc 4 000
S j,ini S j,ini 20,799 10 9
6,96
E s Ic 210 000 56,96 10 6
0,8
0,2 Semirigid
Pinned
0
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 Rotation,
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
HE 200 B
t= M 24
t=
30
40
M pl.Rd h = 1 000
30 Npl.Rd
1 835
25
1 000 1 600
20 340 630
15
End column resistance
630
0 340
100 151,0 Moment, kNm
1 600
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Normal force, kN
One bolt row activated
Both bolt rows activated
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Summary
o Component method
o Good accuracy of prediction
o In EN 1993-1-8 in 6 closures
Component based
model of column base
with base plate and
anchor plate
http://www.steelconstruct.com/site
http://steel.fsv.cvut.cz/infaso
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014
Design
design model
o Advanced design model based on FEM of plate
o Components integrated FEM
o Welds
o Bolts
Fan model
o Compressed plates of
anchor bolt
Allows for column bases
o Generally loaded by N and My, Mz
o Irregular shape of base plate
o Arbitrary positions of anchors
o Opening in column web
http://www.idea-rs.com
Thank you
for your attention
František Wald
Czech Technical University in Prague