Drilling & Soil Sampling

Content
• Introduction
• Geotechnical Drilling
• Soil Sampling
Introduction Drilling
What is Geotechnical Drilling??

Geotechnical drilling is a type of drilling that is

performed as part of the construction
process. This is mainly for structures such as
buildings and oil rigs, or as part of the
investigation process carried out on site prior
to construction.
What is Geotechnical Drilling??
What is Geotechnical Drilling??

• Soil Sampling ; Disturb and Undisturb

• Instalation Equipment ; Inclinometer,
Ekstensometer
• Soil Test ; Pumping Test, Slug Test,
Downhole seismic, Field Van Shear Test,
Falling Head Test
 Geotechnical Drilling Rig

Gear Box

Engine System

Drilling Drill Bit,

Rod Barrel, atc
Geotechnical Drilling Rig
Core 135 Drilling Rig
Geotechnical Drilling Rig
Drilling Rod
Core Barel
Single Core Berel
Drilling Bit
Site Drilling

Drillling tool box

Drilling Rod

Spull buk
 SOIL SAMPLING

• Disturb Sample
• Undisturb Sample
Distrub Sample
• Continuous disturbed sample for lithological
soil description will be taken utilizing NQ single
tube core barrel (73mm OD and 64mm core
diameter) in very soft to hard soils.
• HQ3 triple core barrel (90mm OD barrel and
63.5mm core diameter) or NMLC triple core
barrel (76mm OD barrel & 51mm core
diameter) with diamond bit when rock is
encountered.
Distrub Sample
• Steel casing will be driven as
required to maintain an open hole
for field testing and sampling
operations.
• Drilling without flushing water for
the purpose of obtaining better
core recovery will be admitted in
soft materials such as clayey soil.
Drill rigs will be operated in such a
speed and with such water pressure
to ensure maximum core recovery
in any type of soil strata being
drilled.
Disturb Sample
Distrub Sample

• HQ3 triple core barrel (90mm OD barrel and

63.5mm core diameter) or NMLC triple core
barrel (76mm OD barrel & 51mm core
diameter) with diamond bit when rock is
encountered.
 BORING LOGS
A field boring log will be prepared during boring progress for each of the boring and information to
included in the boring are:
 Company Title & Departmental Reference Number (if applicable)
 Client's Name
 Exploratory hole reference number, location and diameter or size.
 Equipment in use.
 Details of services or manmade obstructions encountered
 Depth to each change of stratum
 Brief description of each stratum with variations in consistency.
 The depths at which samples were taken, bulk disturbed samples were obtained.
 The depth and details of all insitu tests i.e. Pocket Penetrometer and Torvane
 Elevation of surface with respect to reference datum, ground water depth, and state of tide, as applicable
 Temporary steel casing installed depth
 Details of time spent in overcoming rock, hard strata and obstructions
 Details of time spent other than in excavating the exploratory hole
 Method of penetration and flushing system
 Type of core barrel and bit used
 Core diameters and depths to changes in core diameter
 Condition of return of fluid flush and type of cuttings
 Total core recovery with information of location of core losses for each core run
 Solid core recovery as percentage of each core run
 The depth of any loss and return of flushing fluid
 RQD, TCR and SCR when rock coring
Bor Log
 Core Box
Core samples taken from each borehole will be placed in core boxes. Core boxes will be of plastic/wood/steel construction (110 x
50 x 12 cm in dimension), able to withstand the weight of the cores and stacking of the box and will be sufficiently watertight to
protect the cores from rain on site and during shipment. The shallowest core will be placed on the top left corner. Soil
samples from SPT will also be placed in the core boxes at the correct relative depth. Depth will be indicated on the score boxes
by durable permanent markers at the beginning and end of each drill run. Core spacers will be used to indicate missing lengths.
The project name, location, borehole number and depth of coring contained in each core box will be clearly indicated at the core
boxes. The core will be protected from direct heat, sunlight, rain and standing water.
 Undisturb Sample
• Piston type sampler ; very soft to firm soil (BS-
5930 and EN ISO 22475-1 Part 6 2009)
• Shelby Tube ; firm to stiff fine grained cohesive
soils (with ASTM D-1587)
• Undisturbed soil samples at hard stratum are to
be retrieved by means of a Mazier triple tube
sampler to obtain 58mm undisturbed sampler
Shelby Tube
Piston Undisturb Sampler
Mazier Sampler
 SPT (Standard Penetration Test)
• All Hydrocore SPT equipment has been calibrated by measuring its transferred energy
or efficiency to normalize the recorded N-SPT to an industry accepted standard
efficiency of 60% (N60). The measurement is done by SPTMAN SPT hammer energy
analyser. The measurement of the SPT energy is required (BS22476-3 or EN ISO
22476-3) if the SPTN N-value is going to be used for the quantitative evaluation of
foundation or for comparison of the results.
• The SPT N-Value (N value at seating drive, and testing drive) and N60 (indicated as
SPT (c) will be plotted in boring logs. All SPT equipment used will have a known
energy.
• Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) will be performed in accordance with ASTM D-1586.
• The weight of the hammer used to drive the SPT is 63.5 kg and will be dropped with
free fall mechanism from a height of 76 cm. The number of blows required to drive
the SPT sampler for each 15 cm for a total depth of 45 cm will be observed and
recorded.
SPT (Standard Penetration Test)
Ground Water Monitoring
Field Test + sample Record
Sampling Sequence