Professional Documents
Culture Documents
H Fame
H Fame
Depth of Hydrogenation
light medium deep
OCH3
O
4
Contents
1. Concept of H-FAME
Partially Hydrogenated FAME (H-FAME)
as a new alternative biodiesel
2. Catalytic upgrading of biodiesel into H-FAME
3. Advantages of H-FAME
4. Automotive compatibility of H-FAME
5. Future perspective and conclusions
5
1. Concept of H-FAME
6
1-1. Molecular aspects of FAME
methylene bond
OCH3
OCH3
(41)
C18:2 ✕ ✕ ◎ ○
O
(1)
C18:1 OCH3
○ ○ ○ ○
O
(<1)
C18:0 OCH3
◎ ◎ ✕ ○
O
• Ease of oxidation:
E.N. Frankel, Lipid Oxidation, 2005
Monoene (monounsaturated FAME) seems to be most preferable.
8
1-3. H-FAME as a monoene-rich FAME
Partial hydrogenation technology, a proven technology
for fat hardening, is applied to condition the double-
bonds structure in FAME, and to upgrade into H-FAME.
Hydrogen
FAME
T<150 ºC
H-FAME
P<1 MPa
Hydrogenation catalysts
9
1-4. H-FAME production process
antioxidant < B5-B7
Current biodiesel production process Conventional
FAME
MeOH Catalyst(H2SO4/KOH)
H2 Catalyst
< B10-B20
Vegetable Esterification
Partial
/Plant oils, /Transesteri- FAME H-FAME
fication hydrogenation
etc.
Incidental facility
Glycerin
Gas
H2 Catalyst H2 Catalyst (C3H8, H2O,
CO2, CO, etc.)
H-FAME can Hydrodeoxy
coexist with the Isomerization Gasoline
-genation
current FAME
production High-pressure and high-temperature HVO,BHD
infrastructures. facility (e.g., P>5 MPa, T>280 ºC)
Large plant size to get a scale merit
Very high hydrogen consumption
10
1-5. Positioning of H-FAME in biodiesels
Blending limitation of FAME (B5-B7)
Oxidation stability of B100 (h) 80 JAMA’s recommendation
Hydrogen
Production cost of B100
~3 wt%/VO
HVO, BHD, etc. Very reliable fuel,
but relatively
60 (Hydrocarbons and not FAME) expensive
40
Hydrogen ~0.1-
15
1st gen.
H-FAME 0.2 wt%/FAME
Reliable and
affordable fuel
10
Palm ME Thai standard (10 h)
Rapeseed ME
5 Jatropha ME Conventional FAME
Soybean ME
0 //
B5 B10 B15 B20
Biodiesel blended with petroleum diesel (Bx*)
*X vol% of biodiesel and (100-X) vol% of petroleum diesel
11
2. Catalytic upgrading of
biodiesel into H-FAME
12
2-1. Hydrogenation into monoenes-rich FAME
“Monounsaturated-rich
H-FAME”
Ideal target
composition
Structure of
unsaturated
FAME
13
2-2. Optimization of H-FAME compositions
FAME
H2
catalyst
H-FAME
O
OH
C16:0 MG
OH
15
2-3. Other key components for FAME upgrading
Hydrocarbon chain
ROCO
18
3. Advantages of H-FAME
19
3-1. Advantages of H-FAME and H-FAME process
3. Less peroxides
6. Detoxification
of Phorbol ester
H-FAME formation
(more elastomer
(PE) (1/2)
tolerance)
20
3-2. Advantages of H-FAME and H-FAME process
12. No need of
high pressure
H-FAME 9. Eases of sterol
(2/2) glyceride (SG)
facilities and removal
distillation units
21
3-3. Feasibility of H-FAME (affordability)
1,800
1,800 Diesel price in Thailand
1,800 BDF 100,000 t/y
Plant size of 100,000 t/y (2011)( )
1,600
1,600
1,600
Production cost of several
1,400
Palm FAME ROI 10%
1,400
1,400
1,200
Less cost-up Fixed costs
ROI 10%
1,200
1,200 Petroleum diesel
Variable固定費
costs
biofuels(US$/ton)
1,000
1,000
1,000
変動費
ROI: Return on investment
800
800
800
600
600
600
400
Market price of Palm oil(US-
400
400 CIF): 800 US$/ton (2010.Apr).
200
200
200
0 Environmental Research Institute,
00
Waseda University (2011)
1G-BDF
1st gen. FAME 1.5G-BDF
H-FAME 2G-BDF
HVO 3G-BDF
FT-BTL
(PalmFAME) (Palm H-FAME) (Palm NExBTL) (BTL)
22
4. Automotive compatibility
of H-FAME
23
4-1. On-road test by using B20 (Palm H-FAME)
Verification of automotive compatibility of H-FAME, with the
collaboration of Isuzu Thailand group and petroleum company .
Testing fuel of B20: 20 vol % of Palm H-FAME blended with 80 vol %
of Thai petro-diesel.
Testing periods: Jan.5, 2015 〜 Mar. 2015 (50.000 km).
Testing vehicle: ISUZU pick up truck, D-MAX Super Daylight (EUROIV)
Isuzu D-Max
Petroleum diesel
(S<50 ppm)
H-FAME Successfully
B100, Blending & finished !
property check Fuel: B20 of
Palm H-FAME
24
5. Future Perspective
and
Conclusions
25
5-1. H-FAME adopted in Thai AEDP (2015-2036)
26
5-2. Thailand-Japan collaboration on H-FAME
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
27
5-3. H-FAME technology in DEDE B10 Project
Reaction conditions:
T < 150 ºC
P < 1.0 MPa
Thai
standard
29
Acknowledgements
Japan Kingdom
of Thailand
KMUTNB