Media and Information

Languages
 Lesson Objectives

1. Determine the codes and languages in media.

2. Examine photos and videos based on its codes
and language.
3. Analyze the effect of particular shots and angles
on the messages conveyed and on audiences.
4. Collaborate with students in critiquing a sample
media output.

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Media and Information
Languages
 Media Languages

These are codes, conventions, formats,

symbols and narrative structures that
indicate the meaning of media messages
to an audience.
 Codes

These are systems of signs that when put

together create meaning.
 Types of Codes

1. Symbolic Codes
2. Written Codes
3. Technical Codes
 Symbolic Codes

These show what is beneath the surface of

what we see (objects, setting, body
language, clothing, color, etc. ) or iconic
symbols that are easily understood.
 What are Romance/Love Protest/Anger
the symbols
of the
photos?

Stop
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 Types of Codes

1. Symbolic Codes
2. Written Codes
3. Technical Codes
 Written Codes

Usage of language style and textual layout

(headlines, captions, speech bubbles,
language style, etc. )
 Types of Codes

1. Symbolic Codes
2. Written Codes
3. Technical Codes
 Technical Codes

• These are ways in which equipment is

used to tell the story.
• It includes sound, camera angles, types
of shots and lighting as well as camera
techniques, framing, depth of field,
lighting, exposure and juxtaposition.
CAMERA SHOTS

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 CAMERA SHOTS

1. Extreme Long Shot

2. Long Shot
3. Medium Long Shot
4. Full Shot
5. Medium Close Shot
6. Close-up Shot
7. Extreme Close-up Shot

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 Extreme Long Shot

Also called extreme wide shots such as a

large crowd scene or a view of scenery as
far as the horizon.
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Long Shot

A view of a situation or setting from a

distance.
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 Medium Long Shot

Shows a group of people in interaction

with each other.

example: fight scene with part of their

surroundings in the picture.
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 Full Shot

A view of a figure’s entire body in order to

show action and/or a constellation group
of characters.
Medium Close Shot

Shows a subject down to his/her

chest/waist.
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Close-up Shot

A full-screen shot of a subject’s face

showing the finest nuances of expression.
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Extreme Close-up Shot

A shot of a hand, eye, mouth, or any

object in detail.
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 What’s the importance of using
different camera shots in terms of
purpose and meaning?

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POINT OF VIEW
 POINT OF VIEW

1. Establishing Shot
2. Point-of-View Shot/ POV
3. Over-the-Shoulder Shot
4. Reaction Shot
5. Insert Shot
6. Reverse-Angle Shot
7. Hand-Held Camera Shot
 What do you think are the
differences of a camera shot
to a point of view?

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Establishing Shot

Often used at the beginning of a scene to

indicate the location or setting, it is usually
a long shot taken from a neutral position.
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Point-of-View Shot/ POV

Shows a scene from the perspective of a

character or one person. Most newsreel
footages are shown from the perspective
of the newscaster.
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Over-the-Shoulder Shot

Often used in dialogue scenes, a frontal

view of a dialogue partner from the
perspective of someone standing behind
and slightly to the side of the other partner,
so that parts of both can be seen.
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 Reaction Shot

Short shot of a character’s response to an

action.
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Insert Shot

A detail shot which quickly gives visual

information necessary to understand the
meaning of a scene.
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Reverse-Angle Shot

A shot from the opposite perspective.

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Hand-Held Camera Shot

The camera is not mounted on a tripod

and instead is held by the cameraperson,
resulting in less stable shots.
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 What kind of point of view is commonly
used to the movie/show you previously
watched?

How is this point of view contributed to the

storyline?
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CAMERA ANGLES
 CAMERA ANGLES

1. Aerial Shot
2. High-Angle Shot
3. Low-Angle Shot
4. Eye-Level Shot
Aerial Shot

• Overhead Shot
• Also called Bird’s Eye Shot
• Long or extreme long shot of the ground
from the air
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High-Angle Shot

Shows people or objects from above

higher than eye level.
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 Low-Angle Shot

• Below Shot
• Shows people or objects from below,
lower than eye level
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Eye-Level Shot

• Straight-on Angle
• Views a subject from the level of a
person’s eye
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CAMERA MOVEMENTS
 CAMERA MOVEMENTS

1. Pan Shot
2. Tilt Shot
3. Tracking Shot
4. Zoom
 Pan Shot

The camera pans (moves horizontally) from

left to right or vice versa across the picture.
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 Tilt Shot

The camera tilts up (moves upwards) or tilts

down (moves downwards) around a
vertical line.
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Tracking Shot

The camera follows along next to or

behind a moving object or person.
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 Zoom

The stationary camera approaches a

subject by “zooming in” or moves farther
away by “zooming out”.
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 CONVENTIONS

• Refers to a standard or norm that acts as

a rule governing behavior.
• Are generally established and accepted
ways of doing something.
How is conventions related to media
information?

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 MESSAGE

• The information sent to a receiver from a

source

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 AUDIENCE

• The group of consumers for whom the

media message was constructed as well
as anyone else who is exposed to the
message.
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 PRODUCERS

• People engaged in the process of

creating and putting together media
content to make a finished media
product
David Guison Lharby Policarpio Anna Cay Laureen Uy

Deegee Razon Kerwin King Anne Clutz Kryz Uy 80

 STAKEHOLDERS

• Libraries, archives, museums, internet

and other relevant information providers.
1. Media Languages
2. Codes (Camera shots, angles and
movement, and point of view)
3. Conventions, Message, Audience,
Producers, Stakeholders
 Generalization
1. What makes media languages essential
in communication?
2. How are you going to make an
effective media language?
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 References
Oxillo, C. (2017). Media and information languages. Retrieved
from https://www.slideshare.net/markjhonoxillo/media-and-
information-languages

UNAOC (2019). Media information literacy for teachers.

Retrieved from http://unesco.mil-for-
teachers.unaoc.org/modules/module-4/unit-4/