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Chapter. Higrothermal Calculation of The Building
Chapter. Higrothermal Calculation of The Building
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
Reference norms:
a)C107/1-2005 Normativ privind calculul coeficienților globali de izolare termică la clădiri
rezidențiale
b)C107/3-2005 Normativ privind calculul termotehnic al elementelor de construcție ale
clădirilor
c)C107/5-2005 Normativ privind calculul termotehnic al elementelor de construție în contact
cu solul
d)Ordin 2641/2014 Norme privind calculul performanței energetice al cladirilor
e)SR 1907-1 Instalații de încălzire. Necesarul de căldură de calcul
f)Construcții civile-Horia Andreica, Munteanu C, Moga L. UTPRESS 2009
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Page 1 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
Abasem.walls ≔ 321.75 m 2 ~Area of the basement walls that devide the heated space from
the unheated space (the walls from the staircase)
Aslab.on.ground ≔ 135.32 m 2 ~Area of the slab on the ground (slab from the staircase)
Awindows ≔ 2319.33 m 2 ~Area of the total glass surface from exterior door and windows
AB.E ≔ A1 + A2 = ⎛⎝1.038 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 2
HT ≔ 32.60 ~Height of the building from +-0.00 level till the inferior part of the terrace floor
Aetj3.4 ≔ 1531.15 m 2
V2 ≔ H3 ⋅ ⎛⎝Aetj1 + Aetj2 + Aetj3.4 ⋅ 2 + Aetj5.6 ⋅ 2 + Aetj7.8 ⋅ 2⎞⎠ + Aetj9.retras ⋅ ⎛⎝H4 − 0.25 m⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝3.82 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 3
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Page 3 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
VB.E ≔ V1 + V2 = ⎛⎝4.551 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 3
Au.GF ≔ 1405.97 m 2
Au.1.F ≔ 1199.982 m 2
Au.2.F ≔ 1225.632 m 2
Au.3.4.F ≔ 1151.012 m 2
Au.5.6.F ≔ 1079.492 m 2
Au.7.8.F ≔ 972.335 m 2
Au.9.F ≔ 801.97 m 2
hu < H T = 1
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Page 4 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
Vu.2 ≔ ⎛⎝Au.1.F + Au.2.F + Au.3.4.F ⋅ 2 + Au.5.6.F ⋅ 2 + Au.7.8.F ⋅ 2⎞⎠ ⋅ hu.CF + Au.9.F ⋅ hu.F9 = ⎛⎝2.721 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 3
θe ≔ −15 deg
θi ≔ 20 deg
ΣLj ⋅ Zj W
G = ――― + 0.34 ⋅ n ――― ~global insulation coefficient
V m3 ⋅ K
n ≔ 0.5 h −1 ~min no. of air changes per hour in order to refresh the interior air of the
building
Aj W
Lj = ―― ― ~thermal coupling coefficient
R'j K
W
0.34 ⋅ n −―――
m3 ⋅ K
~Computing the exterior temperature correction cofficient for the horizontal elements
separating a heated space from the exterior medium
A16 ≔ 79.10 ⋅ 2 m 2 = 158.2 m 2 ~area of the slab separting a space with 16 degrees
temperature
A22 ≔ 32.40 m 2 + 31.28 ⋅ 2 m 2 = 94.96 m 2 ~area of the slab separting a space with 22 degrees
temperature
θi.av.SB − θu
τj.SB ≔ ―――― = 0.375
θi − θe
Aslab.on.ground ⋅ 16 deg
θi.av.ground ≔ ――――――― = 16 deg
Aslab.on.ground
θi.av.ground − θp
τj.ground ≔ ――――― = 0.171
θi − θe
AT.etj3.20 ≔ Aslab.air.1 = 74.88 m 2 ~slab from balconies over floor 2 with temperature 20deg
AT.etj5.20 ≔ Aslab.air.2 = 74.88 m 2 ~slab from balconies over floor 4 with temperature 20deg
AT.etj7.21 ≔ Aslab.air.3 = 154 m 2 ~slab from balconies over floor 6 with predominat
temperature 21deg
AT.etj9.20.3 ≔ Aslab.air.4 = 307.1 m 2 ~slab from balconies over floor 8 with predominat
temperature 20.33deg
θe ≔ −15 deg
θi ≔ 20 deg
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Page 6 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
θi.av.ter − θe
τj.ter ≔ ―――― = 1.012
θi − θe
Terrace slab
θi.av.terrace.roof − θe
τj.terrace.roof ≔ ―――――― = 0.935
θi − θe
~Computing the exterior temperature correction cofficient for the vertical elements
separating a heated space from the exterior medium
Walls from basement (separating the staircase from the unheated space)
Abasem.walls = 321.75 m 2 ~Area of the basement walls that devide the heated space from the
unheated space (the walls from the staircase)
θi ≔ 16 deg
Abasem.walls ⋅ 16 deg
θi.av.WB ≔ ――――――= 16 deg
Abasem.walls
θi.av.WB − θb
τj.WB ≔ ――――= 0.355
θi − θe
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Page 7 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
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Page 8 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
Facade NE
Ground floor
First floor
A1 = 61.245 A1 ≔ 61.245 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A2 ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((0.55 + 3.05 ⋅ 2 + 0.975 ⋅ 2 + 0.60 ⋅ 2 + 1.85 + 0.70)) m 2 + 0.65 ⋅ ((2.10 ⋅ 4 + 2.70 ⋅ 2)) m 2
A2 = 42.933 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A3 ≔ 35.28 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A4 ≔ 28.98 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
2nd+3rd+4th+5th+6th floor
A'1 ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.50 ⋅ 2 + 1.40 ⋅ 2 + 3.40 ⋅ 2 + 0.80 + 1.45 ⋅ 2 + 1 ⋅ 2 + 0.95 ⋅ 2)) + 0.65 ⋅ 1.60 ⋅ 6 = 61.79
A'1 = 61.79 A'1 ≔ 61.79 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A'2 = 41.485 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A'3 ≔ 57.56 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
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Page 9 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
A'4 ≔ 39.09 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
7th+8th floor
A''1 = 63.23 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A''2 ≔ 40.385 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A''3 ≔ 31.92 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A''4 ≔ 35.7 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
9th floor
A'''1' ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((0.90 ⋅ 2 + 0.95 ⋅ 2 + 1.65 ⋅ 2 + 1.30 ⋅ 2 + 3.05 ⋅ 2 + 1.925 ⋅ 2 + 1.45 ⋅ 2 + 1.25 ⋅ 2 + 3.45)) m 2
A'''1 ≔ A'''1' + ((1.40 ⋅ 4 + 0.80 ⋅ 2 + 2.10 ⋅ 4 + 1.60 ⋅ 4 + 2.20 ⋅ 2)) ⋅ 0.65 m 2 = 95.26 m 2
A'''1 = 95.26 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 18deg
A'''2 ≔ 55.44 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 18deg
θi.av ~average interior temperature with which the building envelope component is in direct
contact
20 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝A1 + A'1 ⋅ 5 + A''1 ⋅ 2⎞⎠ + 19 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝A2 + A'2 ⋅ 5 + A''2 ⋅ 2⎞⎠ + 18 deg ⋅ A'''1
θi.av.w.NE ≔ ―――――――――――――――――――――――
ΣAw
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Page 10 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
ΣAgl.NE ≔ A3 + A4 + A'3 ⋅ 5 + A'4 ⋅ 5 + A''3 ⋅ 2 + A''4 ⋅ 2 + A'''2 = 738.19 m 2 ~for glazing surfaces
20 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝A3 + A'3 ⋅ 5 + A''3 ⋅ 2⎞⎠ + 19 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝A4 + A'4 ⋅ 5 + A''4 ⋅ 2⎞⎠ + 18 deg ⋅ A'''2
θi.av.gl.NE ≔ ―――――――――――――――――――――――
ΣAgl.NE
θi.av.gl.NE = 19.449 deg ~for glazing surfaces
θe ≔ −15 deg
θi ≔ 20 deg
θi.av.w.NE − θe
τj.w.NE ≔ ――――― ~the exterior temperature correction coefficient (adimensional)
θi − θe
τj.w.NE = 0.984 ~for walls
θi.av.gl.NE − θe
τj.gl.NE ≔ ―――――
θi − θe
τj.gl.NE = 0.984 ~for glazing surfaces
Facade SV
Ground floor
Ag.SV ≔ 4.5 m ⋅ ((16.40 ⋅ 2 + 23.10)) m = 251.55 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating
the spaces with 18deg
First floor
A1.SV ≔ ((2.75 ⋅ 16.20 − 1.60 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 2.10)) ⋅ 2 + ((0.60 ⋅ 4 + 1.45 ⋅ 2)) ⋅ 2.75 + 1.60 ⋅ 8 ⋅ 0.65 + 1.80 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 0.65
A1.SV = 89.795
A1.SV ≔ 89.795 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A2.SV ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.80 ⋅ 2 + 0.75 ⋅ 4 + 1.85)) + 0.65 ⋅ 2.10 ⋅ 2 + 2.70 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 2 = 29.478
A2.SV ≔ 29.478 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
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Page 11 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
A3.SV ≔ 42 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A4.SV ≔ 20.16 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
2nd floor
A'1.SV ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((((1.60 ⋅ 2 + 2.55 ⋅ 2 + 1.50)) ⋅ 2 + 0.60 ⋅ 2 + 1.45 ⋅ 2)) + 1.60 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 8 + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 4
A'1.SV = 78.175
A'1.SV ≔ 78.175 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A'2.SV ≔ 28. m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A'3.SV ≔ 42 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A'4.SV ≔ 30.27 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
3rd+4th floor
A''1.SV ≔ ((2.75 ⋅ ((((1.60 ⋅ 2 + 2.95 ⋅ 2 + 2.70)) ⋅ 2 + 0.60 ⋅ 2 + 1.45 ⋅ 2)) + ((1.60 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 4)) ⋅ 0.65)) m 2
A''1.SV ≔ a = 84.735 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A''2.SV ≔ 28.58 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A''3.SV ≔ 31.56 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
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A'' 2 10 2 10 2 2 75 (1 10 2 2 80 2) 30 27
Page 12 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
A''4.SV ≔ 30.27 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
5th+6th floor
ASV5.6 ≔ 2.70 ⋅ 2.75 ⋅ 2 m 2 = 14.85 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 22deg
A1.SV5.6 ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((((1.60 ⋅ 2 + 2.95 ⋅ 2)) ⋅ 2 + 0.60 ⋅ 2 + 1.45 ⋅ 2)) + 0.65 ⋅ ((1.60 ⋅ 4 + 1.80 ⋅ 4)) = 70.165
A1.SV5.6 ≔ 70.165 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A2.SV5.6 ≔ 28.58 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
ASV5.6.g ≔ 2 ⋅ 0.60 ⋅ 1.25 ⋅ 2 m 2 = 3 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces
with 22deg
A3.SV5.6 ≔ 28.56 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A4.SV5.6 ≔ 30.27 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
7th+8th floor
A'''1.SV' ≔ ((2.75 ⋅ ((1.60 ⋅ 3 + 1.20 + 1.275 + 1.90 + 1.85 + 3.30 + 2.55)) + ((0.60 ⋅ 2 + 1.45 ⋅ 2)) ⋅ 2.75)) m 2
A'''1.SV = 64.051 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A'''2.SV ≔ 28.58 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A'''SV ≔ ((2.45 + 0.80)) ⋅ 2.75 m 2 = 8.938 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces
with 22deg
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Page 13 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
A'''SV.gl ≔ 0.60 ⋅ 1.25 m 2 = 0.75 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces
with 22deg
A'''3.SV ≔ 19.32 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A'''4.SV ≔ 30.27 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
9th floor
A''''1.SV ≔ b = 109.035 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 18deg
A'g.SV ≔ 24.48 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 18deg
θi.av ~average interior temperature with which the building envelope component is in direct
contact
ΣAw.SV ≔ A1.SV + A2.SV + A'1.SV + A'2.SV + ⎛⎝A''1.SV + A''2.SV⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 + ASV5.6 ⋅ 2 + ⎛⎝A1.SV5.6 + A2.SV5.6⎞⎠ ⋅ 2
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Page 14 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
θi.av.w.SV − θe
τj.w.SV ≔ ―――― ~the exterior temperature correction coefficient (adimensional)
θi − θe
Ground floor
Ag.SE ≔ 4.5 m ⋅ 36 m = 162 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces
with 18deg
1st+2nd floor
A1.SE ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((3.60 + 0.65 + 2 + 0.80 + 1.70 + 3.80)) + 1.60 ⋅ 0.65 + 1.60 ⋅ 1.85 ⋅ 2 = 41.473
A1.SE ≔ 41.473 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A2.SE ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((0.90 + 1 + 2.15 ⋅ 2 + 1.10 + 0.95 + 1.60)) + 1.80 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 0.65 + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 2 = 32.808
A2.SE ≔ 32.808 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
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Page 15 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
A3.SE ≔ 10.08 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A4.SE ≔ 18.48 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
3rd+4th floor
A'1.SE ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.10 + 1.50 + 0.80 + 2 + 0.80 + 3.60)) + 1.60 ⋅ 1.85 ⋅ 2 = 32.87
A'1.SE ≔ 32.87 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A'2.SE ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.60 + 2.15 ⋅ 2 + 0.95 + 0.90 ⋅ 2 + 1)) + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 4 + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 2 = 32.258
A'2.SE ≔ 32.258 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A'3.SE ≔ 10.08 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A'4.SE ≔ 18.48 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
5th+6th floor
A''1.SE ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.70 + 0.70 + 0.80 + 2 + 0.80 + 3.60)) + 1.60 ⋅ 1.85 ⋅ 2 + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 = 32.84
A''1.SE ≔ 32.84 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A''2.SE ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((0.85 + 2.15 ⋅ 2 + 0.95 ⋅ 2 + 0.90)) + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 4 + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 = 27.063
A''2.SE ≔ 27.063 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A''3.SE ≔ 5.68 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A''4.SE ≔ 16.8 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
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Page 16 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
7th+8th floor
A'''1.SE ≔ ((2.75 ⋅ ((1.10 + 2.15 + 1.45 + 0.70 + 1 + 4)) + 1.60 ⋅ 1.85 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65)) ⋅ m 2
A'''1.SE = 35.69 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A'''2.SE ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.80 ⋅ 2 + 0.75 ⋅ 4 + 3.40 .30 + 2 + 1 + 1.10 + 0.50)) + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 3 + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 = 37.635
A'''2.SE ≔ 37.635 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A'''3.SE ≔ 11.34 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A'''4.SE ≔ 9.46 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
9th floor
A''''1.SE = 43.54 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 18deg
A'g.SE ≔ 18.06 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 18deg
θi.av ~average interior temperature with which the building envelope component is in direct
contact
ΣAw.SE ≔ A1.SE ⋅ 2 + A'1.SE ⋅ 2 + A''1.SE ⋅ 2 + A'''1.SE ⋅ 2 + A2.SE ⋅ 2 + A'2.SE ⋅ 2 + A''2.SE ⋅ 2 + A'''2.SE ⋅ 2 + A''''1.SE
20 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝A1.SE ⋅ 2 + A'1.SE ⋅ 2 + A''1.SE ⋅ 2 + A'''1.SE ⋅ 2⎞⎠ + 19 deg ⋅ A19.w.SE + 18 deg ⋅ A''''1.SE
θi.av.w.SE ≔ ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――
ΣAw.SE
θi.av.w.SE = 19.076 deg ~for walls
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Page 17 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
θi.av.w.SE − θe
τj.w.SE ≔ ―――― ~the exterior temperature correction coefficient (adimensional)
θi − θe
τj.w.SE = 0.974 ~for walls
θi.av.gl.SE − θe
τj.gl.SE ≔ ―――――
θi − θe
τj.gl.SE = 0.979 ~for glazing surfaces
Interior Facade 1 SE si 2 NV
Ground floor
Ab.IF ≔ 15.90 m ⋅ 4.25 m = 67.575 m 2 ~area of the wall surfaces separating the spaces with
18deg
Ag.IF ≔ ((13 + 3.15 + 2.8)) ⋅ m ⋅ 4.5 m = 85.275 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces
separating the spaces with 18deg
1st+2nd floor
A1.IF ≔ 15.615 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A2.IF ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((0.20 + 1.60 + 2.35 + 0.95 + 0.95)) + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 + 1.60 ⋅ 0.65 = 19.888
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A 19 888 f th t i ll ti th2
ith 19d
Page 18 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
A2.IF ≔ 19.888 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A2.IF' ≔ ((2.75 ⋅ 0.85 + 2.15 ⋅ 1)) m 2 = 4.488 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces
with 16deg
A3.IF ≔ 3.36 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A4.IF ≔ 10.5 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
A4.IF' ≔ 1.00 ⋅ 0.60 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 16deg
3rd+4th floor
A'1.IF ≔ 8.74 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A'2.IF ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.60 + 2.35 + 0.90 + 0.95)) + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 + 1.60 ⋅ 0.65 = 18.68
A'2.IF ≔ 18.68 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A2.IF' ≔ ((2.75 ⋅ 0.85 + 2.15 ⋅ 1.00)) m 2 = 4.488 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the
spaces with 16deg
A'3.IF ≔ 3.36 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A'4.IF ≔ 10.5 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
A4.IF' ≔ 1.00 ⋅ 0.60 m 2 = 0.6 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 16deg
5th+6th floor
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Page 19 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
A''1.IF ≔ 7.258 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A''2.IF ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((0.85 + 2.35 + 0.95 + 0.95)) + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 + 1.60 ⋅ 0.65 = 16.755
A''2.IF ≔ 16.755 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A2.IF' ≔ ((2.75 ⋅ 0.85 + 2.15 ⋅ 1)) m 2 = 4.488 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces
with 16deg
A''3.IF ≔ 1.68 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A''4.IF ≔ 8.82 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
A4.IF' ≔ 1.00 ⋅ 0.60 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 16deg
7th+8th floor
A'''1.IF = 8.19 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A'''2.IF ≔ 8.87 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A2.IF' ≔ ((2.75 ⋅ 0.85 + 2.15 ⋅ 1)) m 2 = 4.488 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces
with 16deg
A'''3.IF ≔ 3.36 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A'''4.IF ≔ 5.46 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
A4.IF' ≔ 1.00 ⋅ 0.60 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 16deg
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Page 20 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
9th floor
A''''1.IF = 12.583 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 18deg
A''''1.IF' = 15.213 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 16deg
A'g.IF ≔ 3.78 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 18deg
A'g.IF' ≔ 0.6 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 16deg
θi.av ~average interior temperature with which the building envelope component is in direct
contact
20 deg ⋅ A22.w.IF + 19 deg ⋅ A20.w.IF + 18 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝Ab.IF + A''''1.IF + A''''1.IF'⎞⎠ + 16 deg ⋅ A2.IF' ⋅ 9
θi.av.w.IF ≔ ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――
ΣAw.IF
θi.av.w.IF = 17.74 deg ~for walls
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Page 21 of 29
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
θi.av.w.IF − θe
τj.w.IF ≔ ―――― ~the exterior temperature correction coefficient (adimensional)
θi − θe
τj.w.IF = 0.935 ~for walls
θi.av.gl.IF − θe
τj.gl.IF ≔ ――――
θi − θe
τj.gl.IF = 0.707 ~for glazing surfaces
Ag.SE = 162 m 2
Ag.IF = 85.275 m 2
Ag.IF = 85.275 m 2
18 deg ⋅ ACW
θi.av.CW ≔ ――――― = 18 deg
ACW
θi.av.CW − θe
τj.CW ≔ ――――
θi − θe
τj.CW = 0.943 ~for glazing surfaces
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Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
W
Σ ≔ 6518.04 ―
K
0.34 ⋅ n ~heat looses through natural ventilation
n ≔ 0.5 ~min no. of air changes per hour in order to refresh the interior air of the
building
Σ W W
G ≔ ――― + 0.34 ⋅ n ⋅ ―――
3
= 0.313 ――― ~global insulation coefficient
Vheated m ⋅K m3 ⋅ K
G < GN Verification
For choosing the value of the normalized coefficient GN according to the ratio between the
area of the building envelope and the heated volume, and the number of levels we have to
perform an interpolation:
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Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
AB.E 1
――― = 0.228 ― Nl ≔ 10
Vheated m
W W
=> GN ≔ 0.3308 ――― G = 0.313 ―――
m3 ⋅ K m3 ⋅ K
2.3 Calculation of the annual heat demand for heating based on G coefficient
N12.20 ≔ 3180 K ⋅ day no. of the heated degree days for an interior temperature of 20deg and
exterior temp. of 12 deg C107/1-2010 table 7.1
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Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
Vu.20 ≔ VB.E − Vu.22 − Vu.18 − Vu.16 = ⎛⎝3.999 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 3 considerend with interior temperature
θi =20deg
IGj = D12 ⋅ ITj global solar radiation,the direct and difuse component
ITj intensity of the total solar radiation for the vertical element on a j orientation for a
forizontal element of thebuilding (tab7.1 C107)
Agl.SV ≔ Ag.SV + A3.SV + A4.SV + A'3.SV + A'4.SV + ⎛⎝A''3.SV + A''4.SV⎞⎠ ⋅ 4 + ⎛⎝A'''3.SV + A'''4.SV⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 + A'g.SV
Agl.SV = 756.96 m 2
Agl.SE ≔ Ag.SE + ⎛⎝A3.SE + A4.SE⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 + 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝A'3.SE + A'4.SE⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝A''3.SE + A''4.SE⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 + ⎛⎝A'''3.SE + A'''4.SE⎞⎠ ⋅ 2
Agl.SE ≔ d = 380.86 m 2
Agl.NV ≔ Ag.SE + ⎛⎝A3.SE + A4.SE⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 + 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝A'3.SE + A'4.SE⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝A''3.SE + A''4.SE⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 + ⎛⎝A'''3.SE + A'''4.SE⎞⎠ ⋅ 2
Agl.NV ≔ e = 380.86 m 2
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A A A ⎛A A ⎞ 2 2 ⎛A' A' ⎞ ⎛A'' A'' ⎞ 2
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Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
Agl.IF ≔ f = 251.31 m 2
W kW ⋅ hr
ITJ.NV ≔ 24.3 ―― IGj.NV ≔ D12 ⋅ ITJ.NV = 110.808 ――― per year
m2 m2
W kW ⋅ hr
ITJ.NE ≔ 24.3 ―― IGj.NE ≔ D12 ⋅ ITJ.NE = 110.808 ――― per year
m2 m2
W kW ⋅ hr
ITJ.SV ≔ 70.3 ―― IGj.SV ≔ D12 ⋅ ITJ.SV = 320.568 ――― per year
m2 m2
W kW ⋅ hr
ITJ.SE ≔ 70.3 ―― IGj.SE ≔ D12 ⋅ ITJ.SE = 320.568 ――― per year
m2 m2
1
Qs ≔ 0.4 ⋅ gi ⋅ ――― ⋅ D12 ⋅ ⎛⎝Agl.NV ⋅ ITJ.NV + Agl.NE ⋅ ITJ.NE + Agl.SV ⋅ ITJ.SV + Agl.SE ⋅ ITJ.SE⎞⎠
Vheated
kW ⋅ hr
Qs = 2.273 ――― per year
m3
kW ⋅ hr AB.E 1
Q ≔ C ⋅ N12.θi ⋅ G − ⎛⎝Qi + Qs⎞⎠ = 11.167 ――― per year ―― = 0.228 ―
m3 VB.E m
kW ⋅ hr
QN2 ≔ 15.7 ⋅ ――― per year; choosed based on the ratio A/V and the designed period of
m3 the building
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Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
※ The heat demand calculations for heating (heat looses through transmittion)
A j ⋅ τj
Σ ――= Σ'
Rmj
W
Σ' ≔ 6518.04 ―
K
Qheating ≔ N12.θi ⋅ ((Σ')) = ⎛⎝4.946 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ kW ⋅ hr per year
※ The heat demand calculations necessary for the natural ventilation of spaces (building
spaces)
1 W ⋅ hr
n ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ― 0.34 ⋅ ―――
hr m3 ⋅ K
W ⋅ hr
Qvent ≔ N12.θi ⋅ 0.34 ⋅ ―――
3
⋅ n ⋅ Vuseful = ⎛⎝4.793 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ kW ⋅ hr per year
m ⋅K
η ≔ 0.75
Qheating + Qvent Qi + Qsolar kW ⋅ hr
qheating ≔ ―――――+ ―――― = 130.56 ――― per year
η ⋅ Auseful Auseful m2
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Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
2.5 Placing the specific energy consumption index on the energy scale for heating
Based on the value obtained at qheating we will define the energy class for heating of the
building.
kW ⋅ hr
qheating = 130.56 ―――
m2
kg
ECO2 ≔ qheating ⋅ Auseful ⋅ 0.19 ⋅ ――― = ⎛⎝3.096 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ kg CO2 per year
kW ⋅ hr
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Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
kW ⋅ hr
qan.max ≔ 117 ⋅ ――― per the maximum specific annual consumption of primar energy for
m2 year builfing with a height regim bigger than GF+4F
kW ⋅ hr
qan ≔ qheating ⋅ 1.17 = 152.755 ――― annual specific consumtion for primar
m2 energy
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