Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GMM Burnside PDF
GMM Burnside PDF
GMM Burnside PDF
_
B ,t|4@|L?
h@} h?t_i
Ai `Lh*_ @?!
@) c bbb
+itL? . Ehi*4?@h)
W?|hL_U|L?
Aiti ?L|it @hi ?|i?_i_ |L ThL_i ?|ihit|i_ t|_i?|t | @ t|h@}|uLh@h_ }_i |L tL*
?} @?_ it|4@|?} hi@* Mt?itt U)U*i 4L_i*tc @*|L} |i 4i|L_t @hi @TT*U@M*i 4Lhi }i?
ih@**) Ai tL*|L? 4i|L_ _itUhMi_ ihi |t |? |i uh@4iLh! Lu *@?U@h_ @?_ k@?
EbHf @?_ @t Mii? _itUhMi_ ThiLt*) M) k?}c *Lttih @?_ +iMi*L EbHH@cM Ek+ At
4i|L_ LM|@?t @TThL 4@|i tL*|L?t M) *?i@h3?} |i ,*ih i^@|L?t E@TThLTh@|i*) _i
|hi?_i_ Lu @ 4L_i* @hL?_ |t ?L?t|LU@t|U t|i@_) t|@|i tL*|L? Ai ?|ihit|i_ hi@_ih
tL*_ @*tL UL?t*| k?} @?_ `@|tL? Ebb.c N*} Ebb. @?_ ht|@?L EbbHc @4L?}
L|ihtc uLh 4Lhi }i?ih@* tL*|L? 4i|L_t M@ti_ L? *?i@h @TThL 4@|L? Ai it|4@|L?
4i|L_ 4T*i4i?|i_ ihi t @ @h@?| Lu O@?ti?<t EbH2 Bi?ih@*3i_ i|L_ Lu L4i?|t
EB
Ai 4i|L_t _itUhMi_ ihi @hi tiu* i? tL*?} 4L_i*t U @i ?L U*Lti_ uLh4
tL*|L?t uLh |i _iUtL? @h@M*it Ai) @*tL 4@T i@t*) ?|L |i }i?ih@* uh@4iLh! Lu
*?i@h^@_h@|U Ew" t|LU@t|U LT|43@|L? @?_ @hi ih) TLT*@h ? |i *|ih@|hi }LL_
?_iht|@?_?} Lu |i k+ 4i|L_ t LM|@?i_ M) UL?t_ih?} w" t|LU@t|U LT|43@|L?
ThLM*i4t 5iU|L?t 2 @?_ UL?t_ih tU ThLM*i4t ? tL4i _i|@* 5iU|L? 2 _itUhMit |i tL
*|L? Lu @ t4T*i ?@h@|i w" ThLM*i4 5iU|L? }i?ih@*3it |t 4i|L_ uLh 4*|@h@|i
w" ThLM*i4t 5iU|L? e ?|hL_Uit |hii t4T*i hi@* Mt?itt U)U*i 4L_i*t | _i|ih4?t|U
}hL| uLh U |i tL*|L? 4i|L_ t **t|h@|i_ 5iU|L? D _tUttit |i hL*i T*@)i_ M)
ML?_i_?itt @tt4T|L?t ? LM|@??} ?^i tL*|L?tc @?_ @| @TTi?t i? ML?_i_
?itt @tt4T|L?t @hi ?L| tUi?| uLh ?^i?itt 5iU|L? S _itUhMit |i UL4T|@|L? Lu
4T*ti hitTL?ti u?U|L?tc U @hi tiu* _iUit uLh t|_)?} + 4L_i*t 5iU|L? .
Dv zlwk suhylrxv yhuvlrqv ri wkhvh qrwhv/ wklv yhuvlrq lv olnho| wr frqwdlq vrph w|srjudsklfdo huuruv +dw
wkh yhu| ohdvw,1 Frqvhtxhqwo|/ sohdvh xvh wkhvh qrwhv dw |rxu rzq ulvn/ dqg rqo| uhglvwulexwh wkhp zlwk wklv
zduqlqj dwwdfkhg$ Dq| frpphqwv ru fruuhfwlrqv duh pxfk dssuhfldwhg1 Wkdqnv wr Gdyh GhMrqj/ Vdqjmrrq
Mxq/ Fkduohv Ohxqj dqg Kxpdp Vdnkqlql iru srlqwlqj rxw huuruv lq suhylrxv yhuvlrqv1 Qrwklqj lq wkhvh qrwhv
vkrxog eh wdnhq wr eh wkh rslqlrq ri wkh Zruog Edqn1 Fruuhvsrqghqfh vkrxog eh gluhfwhg wr= Fudlj Exuqvlgh/
Wkh Zruog Edqn/ 4;4; K Vwuhhw QZ/ Zdvklqjwrq GF 537661 H0pdlo= BOiAtaj;Ni,aOBA"Ni}1
**t|h@|it L |i tL*|L?t |L w" ThLM*i4t U@? Mi ti_ |L UL4T|i |i @|LUL@h@?Uit
Lu @h@M*it Lu ?|ihit| W| @*tL **t|h@|it L |i @|LUL@h@?Uit Lu OL_hU! @?_ hitUL||
EO Ebb. *|ihi_ _@|@ U@? Mi LM|@?i_ uhL4 |i hi}*@h @|LUL@h@?Uit 5iU|L? H _t
Uttit L 4L_i*t | t|LU@t|U }hL| U@? Mi tL*i_c @?_ L hi*i@?| 4L4i?|t U@?
Mi UL4T|i_ 5iU|L? b _tUttit it|4@|L? M) B @4_ )TL|itt |it|?} 5iU|L? f
_itUhMit |i ThL}h@4t U @UUL4T@?) |iti ?L|it
|'f
M) ULLt?} @ t|LU@t|U ThLUitt i&| j|'f tMiU| |L & }i? Ai h4 t @ ThUi |@!ih |
"
3
hitTiU| |L |i t|LU@t|U ThLUittit ia| jc |i ThUi Lu U@T|@*c @?_ iR| jc |i 4@h!i| ThUi Lu
L|T| Ai ?_t|h) _i4@?_ Uhi uLh L|T| @| |4i | t }i? M)
R| ' f t| n | c f c : fc
ihi t| t ?_t|h) L|T| 5?Ui h4 L|T| t }i? M)c sf &| c @?_ |ihi @hi ? h4tc t| '
?sf &| | |4i f |i h4 @t @? ?uLh4@|L? ti|c lf UL?tt|?} Lu @| *i@t| iRf c R c c af c 3
Ai? tMt|||i |i i^*Mh4 UL?_|L? |@| R| ' f ?sf &| n | |L }i|
k l
q_.| &|n ?sf2 n _E n q &| n _&| 3 ' f sf sf | n a| q.| a|n
Lh
k l
.| &|n ?sf2 E_q 3
n E n qq 3
&| n q 3
&|
3 '
f sf sf
| n a| .| a|n E
q_ q_ q_ _
AL tL*i |t _gihi?Ui i^@|L? |<t tiu* |L _i?i |i M@U!tu| LTih@|Lh Ai M@U!
tu| LTih@|Lh L?*) LTih@|it L? i TiU|@|L?t | hitTiU| |L tL4i ?uLh4@|L? ti| 5TiUu
U@**) .| %|n ' .| %|n Ai M@U!tu| LTih@|Lh }?Lhit |i ?uLh4@|L? ti| @?_ @TT*it
3
L?*) |L |i @h@M*i Lti i TiU|@|L? t Mi?} U@*U*@|i_ ?L|ih 4TLh|@?| ui@|hi Lu
t |@| )L U@? L?*) @TT*) TL*)?L4@*t ? ?i}@|i TLiht Lu |L ML| t_it Lu @? i^@|L?
u )L ?|i?_ |L 4@?|@? @? i^@*|)
2
AihiuLhic _i??}
f sf sf
5| ' | n a| .| a|n
q_ q_ q_ _
i^@|L? E U@? Mi h||i?
q k l r
?sf2 E_q 3
n E n qq 3
n q 2 .| &|n ' 5|
3
E2
Lh
Atc b q 3
b2 AihiuLhic tL*?} E b2 3
uLh@h_
b2 3 3
'f
["
' b &| b2 3
b2 .| 5|nn
3
E
'f
Aihi @hi |L @)t |L }L uhL4 ihi `i U@? }L t|h@}| |L |i tL*|L? U ?L*it
T_@|?} @?) i TiU|@|L?t LTih@|Lh ? E M) L?i TihL_ Wi
[
"
'f
Lh
[
"
hc ThLUii_?} U@hiu**)c i U@? tMt|||i |i i ThittL? uLh .| &|n ? E ?|L E2 |L }i|
[
"
b &| b2 3
b2 .| 5|nn Eb n b2 &| n b b2 &|
3
3 ' 5|
'f
U 4T*it
[
"
'f
Lh
[
"
'f
L|Ui |@| |t tL*|L? t |i t@4i @t |i tL*|L? uLh |i Uih|@?|) U@tic i UiT| |@|
@** @h@M*it @hi hiT*@Ui_ M) |ih i TiU|@|L?t UL?_|L?@* L? ?uLh4@|L? @| |4i | At
**t|h@|it |i Th?UT*i Lu RUih|@?|) i^@*i?Ui
Ai tL*|L? i @i LM|@?i_ t ?L| ?^i L?t_ih |i U@?__@|i tL*|L?
[
"
Ai ,*ih i^@|L? t .| &|n Eb n b2 &| n b b2 &| 3 ' 5| 5Mt|||?} Lh U@?__@|i
tL*|L?c EDc ?|L |i ,*ih i^@|L? i LM|@?
[
"
b &| b2 3
b2 .| 5|nn n .| 1|n b &| b2 E&| b &| ' 5|
3
3
'f
6h|ih ttM|||L? hii@*t |i hit|hU|L? .| 1|n ' b2 1| Atc |ihi t @? ??|i ?4Mih
Lu tL*|L?tc ULhhitTL?_?} |L _gihi?| ThLUittit 1| OLiihc MiU@ti b2 : c | t TLttM*i
|L h*i L| @** tL*|L?t i UiT| 1| ' fc uLh @** |c u |i uLUt t L? tL*|L?t U @hi ML?_i_
+iUhti tMt|||L? Lu |i }i?ih@* tL*|L? hii@*t |@| *4 .| &|n _Lit ?L| i t| uLh <"
[
"
.f q | d%| %% %| n 2%| % | n 2%| %5 5| n | | n 2| 5 5| n 5| 55 5| oc
|'f
tMiU| |L
? %|n ' % %| n | n 5 5|
Ai @h@M*it @hiG %| c |i t|@|i t ?r c | |i UL?|hL* t ?S c @?_ 5| c |i i L}i?Lt
@h@M*i t ?e Ai 4@|h ? t ?Sr ?r
5i| T @ w@}h@?}i@? uLh |i ThLM*i4 @t
[
"
O ' .f q | d%| %% %| n 2%| % | n 2%| %5 5| n | | n 2| 5 5| n 5| 55 5| n
|'f
e
2b| E% %| n | n 5 5| ? %|n o
Ai w@}h@?}i 4*|T*ihtc b| c @hi Lu|i? U@**i_ ULt|@|i @h@M*itc @?_ @i _4i?tL? ?Sr
Ai ,*ih i^@|L? uLh | t
? b| n q.| E%% %|n n % |n n %5 5|n n % b|n ' f
E.
Lh # $ # $
7 f .| %|n 7 %| 7 f .| 5|n n
7 5|
rr nrr 're re
b|n b|
Lh
# $ # $
%|n 7 f
7 %| 7 f
7 f .| 5|n n E
7 f
7 5|
.| ' Err rr
3
n Err re
3
rr re
3
b|n b|
# $
%|
' ` n -.| 5|n n '5| E
b|
D
`i?iih )L @i @? ? ? 4@|h | ? *?i@h*) ?_iTi?_i?| i}i?iU|Lht )L U@?
uLh4 |i _@}L?@*3@|L?c ' \ c ihi \ t @ _@}L?@* 4@|h | |i i}i?@*it Lu
3
L? |t _@}L?@*c @?_ t @ 4@|h Lti UL*4?t @hi ? *?i@h*) ?_iTi?_i?| i}i?iU|Lht
Lu Ai i}i?@*it @?_ i}i?iU|Lht @hi @hh@?}i_ ? |iti 4@|hUit tL |@| i}i?iU|Lh ?
|i | UL*4? Lu t @? i}i?iU|Lh ULhhitTL?_?} |L |i | i}i?@*i L? |i _@}L?@* Lu
\ tt4?} |@| ?r n ?Sr *?i@h*) ?_iTi?_i?| i}i?iU|Lht i t| uLh ` c *i| \ ' ` 3
# $ # $
%|n %|
3
.| ' \ 3
n 3
-.| 5|n n 3
'5|
b|n b|
# $ # $
%|n %|
.| |n ' \ | n 3
-.| 5|n n 3
'5|
b b
|)TU@* @) Lu ThLUii_?} t |L ihu) |@| ?Sr i}i?@*it Lu ` @hi }hi@|ih |@? ?
@MtL*|i @*ic @?_ |@| ?r @hi *itt |@? ? @MtL*|i @*i Ai?c \ t UL?t|hU|i_ |
|i i}i?@*it ? ?Uhi@t?} Lh_ih Lu 4L_*t @?_ t _iUL4TLti_ ?|L
# $
\ f
\'
f \2
| @** i*i4i?|t Lu \ *itt |@? c @?_ @** @*it Lu \2 }hi@|ih |@? t @ hit*| |i
|n tL*_ Mi tL*i_
i^@|L? uLh %|n tL*_ Mi tL*i_ M@U!@h_c *i |i i^@|L? uLh b
uLh@h_
| |t TL?| i U@? T@h||L? |i 4@|hUit ` c -c 'c @?_ @t uL**LtG 3
# $ # $ # $
` `2 -% '%
` ' -' ''
`2 `22 -b 'b
@?_ # $ # $
2 2
' 3
'
2 22 2 22
L|Ui2 @*tL |@| t?Ui ` ' \ 3
i @i
# $ # $
` `2 \ n 2 \2 2 \ 2 n 2 \2 22
'
`2 `22 2 \ n 22 \2 2 2 \ 2 n 22 \2 22
L tL*?} |i ht| i^@|L? M@U!@h_ i }i|
.| %|n ' \ %| n E -% n 2 -b .| 5|n n E '% n 2 'b 5|
@?_ tL*?} |i L|ih i^@|L? uLh@h_ i }i|
|n ' \2 b
.| b | n E 2 -% n 22 -b .| 5|n n E 2 '% n 22 'b 5|
| ' \ .| b
b |n \ E 2 -% n 22 -b .| 5|n \ E 2 '% n 22 'b 5|
3 3 3
2 2 2
[
" k l
' \2 E n E 2 -% n 22 -b .| 5|nn n E 2 '% n 22 'b .| 5|n
3
'f
4Iru vrph prghov wklv fdq eh yhulhg dqdo|wlfdoo| iru vxevhwv ri wkh sdudphwhu vsdfh1 Vhh NSU +4<;;e,1
Odwhu/ zh zloo frqvlghu wkh fdvh zkhuh wkh qxpehu ri hljhqydoxhv lqvlgh wkh xqlw flufoh lv qrw htxdo wr qv 1
5Wkh uhdghu vkrxog eh fduhixo wr qrwh wkdw xqohvv qv @ qfv wkh ydulrxv vxepdwulfhv duh qrw doo qv qv 1
Wkhlu glphqvlrqv duh lpsolflwo| ghqhg e| frqirupdelolw| lq wkh htxdwlrqv wkdw iroorz1
S
BL?} M@U! |L |i Lh}?@* _gihi?Ui i^@|L? )L @i
%|n ' ` %| n `2 b| n -% .| 5|n n '% 5| E2
L|Ui |@| |i 4@TT?} Mi|ii? |i |*_i_ E @h@M*it @?_ |i hi}*@h @h@M*it t
# $ # $# $
%| 2 %|
| '
b 2 22 b|
| Lh b| ' E 22 2 %| n E 22 b
t @ hit*|c 2 %| n 22 b| ' b | 5Mt|||?} |t ?|L
3 3
| n -% .| 5|n n '% 5|
nE \ 2 n 2 \2 22 E 22 b 3
' 3 | n
\ d 2 E 22 2 o %| n E \ 2 n 2 \2 22 E 22 b 3
-% .| 5|n n '% 5|
Lc hiU@** |i T@h||L?i_ ?ihti uLh4*@ Ai ?ihti Lu @ 4@|h
# $
. 8
C M
t }i? M) # $
( 3
( 8 M 3 3
M 3
C( 3
M n M C( 8 M
3 3 3 3
ihi ( ' . 8 M 3
C AihiuLhi |i |ih4 ? t^@hi Mh@U!i|t @MLi t i^@* |L tL 3
|@|
3 | n -% .| 5|n n '% 5|
%|n ' E \ %| n E \ 2 n 2 \2 22 E 22 b 3
E
At i Thittit |i tL*|L? uLh %|n @t @ u?U|L? Lu |i T@t| t|@|ic @?_c }i? |i tL*|L?
| c @t @ u?U|L? Lu Uhhi?| @?_ i TiU|i_ u|hi @*it Lu |i i L}?Lt @h@M*itc 5| AL
uLh b
}i| |i tL*|L? uLh b| t4T*) _L @t @MLi |L }i|
|
b| ' E 22 2 %| n E 22 b 3
Ee 3
*i |i _iUtL? h*i uLh |i UL?|hL* t }i? M) Eb @MLi
5TTLti i ULLti @ t4T*i +E hiThiti?|@|L? uLh 5| c tL |@| 5|n ' 5| n "|n Ai?
.| 5|n ' 5| AL 4@!i thi |t uLh4*@ UL?ih}it @t $ 4 i ?ii_ |L @tt4i |@|
|i i}i?@*it Lu @hi *itt |@? ? 4L_*t At t |i i^@*i?| Lu |i hLL|t Lu
mEU ~m ' f @?} hLL|t }hi@|ih |@? ? 4L_*t Ai i@tit| @) |L tL*i |i 4L_i*
| }i? @MLi
t |L }L M@U! |L |i tL*|L? uLh b
[
" k l
| ' E n
b \2 E 2 -% n 22 -b .| 5|nn n E 2 '% n 22 'b .| 5|n
3
'f
["
E n
' \2
Exf .| 5|nn n x .| 5|n
3
'f
5 6
["
3E n
' 7 \2 Exf n x 8 5|
'f
' [5|
.
`i U@? _ii*LT @? i T*U| uLh4*@ uLh |i hLt Lu [ M) i T*L|?} |i _@}L?@*|) Lu \2
#i??} \2 @t |i | _@}L?@* i*i4i?| Lu \2 c @?_ x @t |i | hL Lu x c ' fc c |
uL**Lt |@| |i | hL Lu [c _i?L|i_ [ c t }i? M)
5 6
["
3E n
[ ' 7 \2 Exf n x 8
'f
["
' \32 Exf n x \3
2
'f
' \2 Exf n x EU?e \2
3 3 3
%|n ' E \ %| n E \ 2 n 2 \2 22 E 22 [5| n -% 5| n '% 5|
3 3
k l
' E \ %| n E \ 2 n 2 \2 22 E 22 [ n -% n '% 5|
3 3
E 22 2 3
E 22 [
3
4@ .f q | *?ES|
|'f
t| S| n &|n ' | &|k 5i||?} T |t ThLM*i4 @t i ti| T |i }i?ih@* w" ThLM*i4 |i
w@}h@?}i@? t
["
H
Ai ,*ih i^@|L?t uLh |i ULUit Lu S| @?_ &|n c @*L?} | |i UL?t|h@?| @hi
S| ' b|
3
Ai? tMt|||i |i tL*|L? uLh b| ?|L |i ht| i^@|L? |L }i| |i u?_@4i?|@* _gihi?Ui
i^@|L? ? & E| t ?L?*?i@h
k|n &|kn 3
' q. |
| &|k &|n |n &|kn &|n2
Ai tL*|L? uLh &|n t ThLTLh|L?@* |L L|T|c i &|n ' _| &|k AL }i| |i uLh4 Lu _
tMt|||i |t }itt ?|L |i _gihi?Ui i^@|L? uLh &
k|n &|kn 3
' q.|
E _| &|k E _|n &|kn
k
' q
&|n E _
k
' q k
_| &| E _
*i@h*) |t 4T*it _ ' kq tL |@| &|n ' kq| &|k At @TTi?t |L Mi @ uLh||Lt hit*|
W| t ih) tTiU@* |L |i u?U|L?@* uLh4 L|Ui |@| ? *L}@h|4t |i tL*|L? t *?i@h
*?E&|n ' *?Ekq n *?E| n k *?E&|
Wu i }i?ih@*3i |i @ttkLLT4@?t 4L_i* |L |i U@ti ihi |ihi t ?L| UL4T*i|i _i
ThiU@|L? i }i|
["
4@ .f q | *?ES|
|'f
t| S| n&|n EB&| ' | &|k W| t t|h@}|uLh@h_ |L tL |@| |i u?_@4i?|@* _gihi?Ui
i^@|L? ? & t
% &
k|n &|kn n E B
3
' q. |
| &|k n E B&| &|n |n &|kn n E B&|n &|n2
Aihi t ?L U*Lti_ uLh4 tL*|L? uLh &|n ? |t U@ti Ai M@tU k+ 4i|L_ @?_ t4*@h
4i|L_t ?L*i LM|@??} @? @TThL 4@|L? |L |i tL*|L? U t *?i@h ? |i *L}@h|4t
Lu |i @h@M*it
b
e2 Ai #tM*i @?_ W?_tM*i w@MLh L_i*t
k+ Thiti?| @ ^|i }i?ih@* _)?@4U LT|43@|L? ThLM*i4 ? @? i?hL?4i?| U 4@)
?L*i }hL| `i ** UL?t_ih *itt }i?ih@* iUL?L4it ? U |i tL*|L? |L @ tLU@*
T*@??ih<t ThLM*i4 t i^@*i?| |L |i i^*Mh4 Lu @ _iUi?|h@*3i_ UL4Ti||i iUL?L4)
W? T@h|U*@hc i UL?t_ih @ tLU@* T*@??ih<t ThLM*i4
["
4@ L ' .f q | d*?E| n wT E | o
|'f
t|
| n g|n E Bg| ' | g| k E| f| k
3
Ai u?U|L? T _i?it |*|) Lih |i uh@U|L? Lu |i hiThiti?|@|i @}i?|<t |4i tTi?| ?
*ithi W? |i U@ti Lu |i _tM*i *@MLh 4L_i* Lu k+ EbHH@ |i u?U|L? T t }i? M)
T E | ' *?E | c
ihi@tc ? |i ?_tM*i *@MLh 4L_i* Lu O@?ti? EbHD @?_ +L}ihtL? EbHH |i u?U|L?
T t }i? M)e
T E | ' |
BhL| ? |iti iUL?L4it UL4it uhL4 |i @tt4T|L? Lu _i|ih4?t|U *@MLh @}4i?|?}
|iU?U@* ThL}hitt ? |i uLh4 Lu f| ' f f| c | f :
3
q | | \|3
' f
q | wT E | n \| k| g| k E| f| k f|
3 3
' f
k
\| n .| \|n dE k|n g|n E|n f|n k n E Bo
3
' f
| g| k E| f| k n E Bg| g|n |
3
' f
6Wkh lqwhuhvwhg uhdghu vkrxog uhihu wr Nlqj/ Sorvvhu dqg Uhehor +4<;;e, iru wkhlu glvfxvvlrq ri d jhqhudo
vhw xs1 Wkhuh duh pdq| prghov zkhuh wkh vrfldo sodqqhu*v vroxwlrq lv qrw d frpshwlwlyh htxloleulxp1 Lq
wkhvh fdvhv/ wkh NSU phwkrg ri olqhdul}lqj fdq vwloo eh dssolhg lq wkh vroxwlrq ri wkh Hxohu htxdwlrqv iru wkh
frpshwlwlyh htxloleulxp1
7Lq wkh lqglylvleoh oderu prgho wkh yduldeoh Qw dfwxdoo| uhsuhvhqwv wkh suredelolw| ri hpsor|phqw1 Wkh
xqghuo|lqj xwlolw| ixqfwlrq lv orjdulwkplf lq ohlvxuh/ dqg li wkh iudfwlrq ri wkhlu wlph hqgrzphqw wkdw wkh
hpsor|hg vshqg zrunlqj lv ghqrwhg k/ wkh h{shfwhg xwlolw| lv Qw oq+4 k, . +4 Qw , oq+4, @ oq+4 k,Qw 1
Vr/ ohwwlqj Y +4 Qw , @ 4 Qw vlpso| lqyroyhv dgglqj d frqvwdqw wr wkh xwlolw| ixqfwlrq dqg ghqlqj wkh
frqvwdqw @ oq+4 k,1
f
L _i?i |h@?tuLh4i_ @h@M*it S| ' | *f| c &| ' g| *f| c +| ' t| *f| c @?_ b| ' q | \| f| 3
S | b| 3
' f
wT E | n b| k| &| k |k
3 3
' f
k k
b| n q.| b|n f dE k|n &|n
3
|n n E Bo
3
' f
k k
| &| | n E B&| &|n f S|
3
' f
L|Ui |@| @ ?L?t|LU@t|U t|i@_) t|@|i ? |ih4t Lu |i |h@?tuLh4i_ @h@M*it ** i t|c
t?Ui |i) @i Mii? __i_ M) |ih UL44L? }hL| UL4TL?i?|c f| D AL ?_ |@| t|i@_)
t|@|i t4T*) hi4Li |4i tMtUhT|t uhL4 |i ,*ih i^@|L?t
b S3
' f EH
wT E n bk& k
3k 3
' f Eb
b n qbf dE k& k k n E Bo
3 3
' f E2f
& k k n E B& &f S
3
' f E2
AihiuLhic
E+*& ' dq f E Bo*E k
3
1
' kE+*S dw n kE+*So
h@|L t }i? M)
E&* ' E+*& *k *k 3
Bi? |i tL*|L? uLh i |i? @i @ u** ti| Lu t|i@_) t|@|i @*it uLh &c |i? +c |i? Sc
@?_ ?@**) b
t ? |i @ttkLLT4@?t U@ti |ihi t ?L U*Lti_uLh4 tL*|L? |L |i ,*ih i^@|L?t uLh
i|ih 4L_i* AihiuLhic i ?ii_ @? @*|ih?@|i tL*|L? 4i|L_ Ai 4i|L_ ThLTLti_ M)
k+ @TThL 4@|it |i ,*ih i^@|L?t M) @ ti| Lu *?i@h i^@|L?t ? |i ?!?L?t Ai
@) |i) _L |t t |L |L|@**) _gihi?|@|i |i ,*ih i^@|L?t @| |i t|i@_) t|@|i @*it
8NSU +4<;;e, jlyh d ghwdlohg glvfxvvlrq ri wkh vwdwlrqdu| lqgxflqj wudqvirupdwlrq dqg ri wkh h{lvwhqfh
ri wkh qrqvwrfkdvwlf vwhdg| vwdwh1
At ThL_it @ *?i@h @TThL 4@|L? |L |i ,*ih i^@|L?t ? |i ?i}MLhLL_ Lu |i
t|i@_) t|@|i AL|@**) _gihi?|@|?} |i ,*ih i^@|L?t @MLi
S 2 _S| _b| ' f 3
E2
wT E _| n k& k k _b| n bk& k k _| n
3 3 3 3
bdkE k& k k o.| _&|n n bkE k& k k .| _|n
3 3 3 3
' f E2D
3k k k k 3k k3
& _| n E k& 3
_&| n k& _| n
E B_&| f _&|n _S| ' f E2S
W? E2D W @i ti_ |i u@U| |@| Eq*f dEk& k k nEBo ' *|T*) E2 |hL}
3
_S| _b|
' f E2.
S b
_| + _b| + _|
wT E n bk
n bk n
b
+ _&| + _|
E kbk n Ek bk ' f E2H
# &
_b| _b|n q + _|n
n .| n E k .|
b b f &
$
+ _&|n + _|n
kE k n kE k .| ' f E2b
& & &
_| _&| _| & _&| & _&|n S _S|
n E k nk n E B f ' f Ef
& + & + & + S
L|?} |@| bkE+* ' wT E __i |hL} E2H M) wT E |L }i|
b | n .| b
|n n >.| |n k>& |n n k>.| |n ' f ED
& & S
| n E k& | n k | n E B & | f & |n S | ' f ES
+ + +
2
L|Ui |@| |t t)t|i4 U@? Mi h||i? ? |i uLh4
# $# $ # $# $ # $
f S | f & | f
' n |
f k T E *T E
| k |
b
# $ # $ # $# $
k> & |n f & |
.| |n n | '
f E&*+ f b E k n E BE&*+ f b
# $ # $ # $# $
f k> S |n f f S |
.| n n
f f |n ES*+ k |
# $ # $
> f
.| |n n |
f
L|Ui |@| |iti t)t|i4t Lu i^@|L?t UL?uLh4 |L |i uLh4 Lu |i i^@|L?t tL*i_ ? 5iU|L?
c ihi # $
S |
| ' %| ' & | b| ' b | 5| ' |
|
# $ # $ # $
f f f
SS ' Sr ' Se '
f k T E *T E
k
# $ # $
f k> f
rr ' rr '
f E&*+ f E k n E BE&*+ f
# $ # $ # $ # $
f f k> f f f > f
rS ' rS ' re ' re '
f f ES*+ k f
t @ hit*|c |i _tM*i @?_ ?_tM*i *@MLh 4L_i*t U@? Mi tL*i_ @TThL 4@|i*) M)
i4T*L)?} |i 4i|L_t ThL_i_ ? 5iU|L? c @t *L?} @t @? @TThLTh@|i *@ Lu 4L|L? t
ULti? uLh |i i L}i?Lt @h@M*ic | Ai |)TU@* @tt4T|L? t |@|
*?E| ' E 4 *?E n 4 *?E| n "| c 3
ihi "| t _ | 4i@? 3ihL @?_ @h@?Ui j2 At t}}it|t @? @TThL 4@|L? |L |i
*@ Lu 4L|L? Lu |i uLh4
| ' 4 | n "| c 3
# $3 # $3
| f S|
-| ' q.| ' .|
|n q S|n
L|Ui |@| |iti i ThittL?t U@? Mi *?i@h3i_
_+| '
E+*_| n E kE+*&_&| n kE+* _| E.
_| E+*_| n E kE+* &_&| n Ek E+* 2 _|
' EH
_| '
E+*_| n E kE+*&_&| n kE+* _| _S| Eb
_-&| E kE+*&_| kE kE+*& 2 _&| n kE kE+*& _|
' Eef
f
_-| ' dE*S.| _S|n E*S_S| o Ee
q
#_i i^@|L? E. M) + #_i i^@|L? EH M) ' E+* #_i i^@|L? Eb M)
' df E Bo& #_i i^@|L? Eef M) -& ' E kE+*& n E B #_i i^@|L?
Ee M) - ' Ef *q L|Ui uhL4 E22 |@| -& ' -
ihi > t _i?i_ @t @MLi `i? -& @?_ - @hi @TThL 4@|i*) i^@* |L c - |& @?_ -
| c U
&
hiThiti?| TihUi?|@}i _i@|L?t uhL4 - @?_ -c ** Mi @TThL 4@|i*) 4i@thi_ ? TihUi?|
@}i TL?|t U t tiu* ? |ih ?|ihThi|@|L? Ai ?|ihit| h@|i t 4Lhi UL4T*U@|i_ |L
UL4T|i |@? |i L|ih @h@M*it t?Ui | _iTi?_t L? @ UL?_|L?@* i TiU|@|L? 5?Ui S | t
@ UL?|hL* @h@M*i i U@? ti |i ?L|@|L? Lu 5iU|L? tL |@|
e
Lu igLh|c e| c U 4i@?t |i) ** hiUii A 1 s e| igiU|i Lht Lu *ithi tt4?}
*L}@h|4U Thiuihi?Uit Lih *ithic |i |*|) uhL4 *ithi uLh |i hiThiti?|@|i @}i?| t
|ihiuLhi w| *?EA 1 s e| n wE | *?EA
tiUL?_ ui@|hi Lu |i 4L_i* t |@| |i *L||ih) ThLM@M*|)c @?_ |ihiuLhic |i *ii*
Lu i4T*L)4i?|c t Thi_i|ih4?i_c U@T|h?} |i ?L|L? |@| i4T*L)4i?| t ULt|*) |L @_t|
44i_@|i*) ? hitTL?ti |L ?i ?uLh4@|L? At @4L?|t |L 4@!?} | @ t|@|i @h@M*i
Uc *!i &| c t ULti? @| |4i | OLiihc |ihi t ?L @__|L?@* UL?t|h@?| ? |i 4L_i*c
tL i @i |L t|@|i @h@M*it M| L?i ULt|@|i @h@M*i Ai tLU@* T*@??ih<t ThLM*i4 uLh
|t iUL?L4) t i^@*i?| |L @hLt _iUi?|h@*3@|L?t tL i U@? tL*i |i T*@??ih<t ThLM*i4
|L ?_ @ UL4Ti||i i^*Mh4
?@* ui@|hi Lu |i 4L_i* t |@| }Lih?4i?| i Ti?_|hi @U|t @t @ uLh4 Lu *4Tt4
|@ @|L? At i Ti?_|hi t 4L_i**i_ @t @ Thi*) i L}i?Lt ThLUitt hi*@|i |L |i *ii* Lu
|iU?L*L})c @?_ ?|hL_Uit @ tiUL?_ tLhUi Lu ?Uih|@?|) ?|L |i 4L_i*
Ai w@}h@?}i@? uLh |i T*@??ih<t ThLM*i4 t
["
S| b|
3
' f
ws | EA 1 se| n kb| | &| k Es | k ek|
3 3 3
' f
w.| *? dEA 1 s e|n *A o n .| b|n k|n &|nk Ese|n k |kn
3 3
' f
k
b| n q.| b|n f dE k|n &|n
3 3
Es e|n |n k n E Bo ' f
| &| k Es e| | k n E B&| &|n f }| S|
3
' f
ihi E}*+ t T@h@4i|ih3i_ h?t_ic ,Ui?M@4 @?_ +iMi*L ULti |i ?Lh4@*3@|L?
e ' c tL |@|
' Ek*ws EA 1 s E+*S
6?@**)c M) ULLt?} e ' c |ihi t @? 4T*i_ hi*@|L?tT @4L?} |i T@h@4i|iht uhL4 |i
LT|4@*|) UL?_|L? uLh |n G
D
h?t_ic ,Ui?M@4 @?_ +iMi*L Ebb ti |t |L _i|ih4?i s ? |ih4t Lu A @?_ 1
hLUii_?} @t ? |i ThiLt tiU|L?t | t t|h@}|uLh@h_ |L *?i@h3i |i ,*ih i^@|L?t
|L LM|@? |i uL**L?} ti| Lu i^@|L?t
S| b | ' f Ee.
| n | n E k& | n Ek | n dk s *EA 1 s o e | ' f
b EeH
k l
.| b |n n |n n E k& |n n Ek
e|n n Ek |n ' f Eeb
b |n n >.| |n k>& |n n k>.| |n n k>.| |n ' f
| n .| b EDf
& & S }
| n E k& | n k | n k e| n E B & | f & |n S | } | ' f ED
+ + + +
At t)t|i4 Lu i^@|L?t U@? i@t*) Mi h||i? ? |i t@* uLh4 t?}
# $ # $ # $
S | & | | |
| ' %| ' b| ' b 5| '
e | | } |
h?t_ic ,Ui?M@4 @?_ +iMi*L U*Lti |i 4L_i* M) @tt4?} |@| | ' 4 | 3 n "| c
} | ' 4} } | n "}| c @?_ "| @?_ "}| @hi 4|@**) ?_iTi?_i?|
3
W? |t tiU|L? i UL?t_ih |i TLttM*|) Lu 4*|T*i tL*|L?t |L |t _gihi?Ui i^@|L?c
@t i** @t |i TLttM*|it |@| @hti i? |i ?4Mih Lu i}i?@*it ?t_i |i ?| UhU*ic
_i?L|i_ ? t ?L| i^@* |L ?r
}it t
3 | n E-% n '% 5|
%|n ' E \ %| n `2 E 22 b 3
S
| t
Ai _gihi?Ui i^@|L? uLh b
|n ' \2 b
.| b | n Exf n x 5| c ED2
ihi W @4 t?} @}@? |i +E @tt4T|L? uLh 5| @?_ xf @?_ x @hi _i?i_ @t ? 5iU|L?
`i uL?_ @ tL*|L? |L |t _gihi?Ui i^@|L? U @t _i?L|i_ b | ' [5| At @t
LM|@?i_ M) ?ih|?} ED2 @?_ |ih@|?} uLh@h_
b |n \ Exf n x 5|
| ' \ .| b 3 3
2 2
[
"
E n
' \2 Exf n x 5|
3
'f
At *@t| i^@|L? 4T*U|*) _i?i_ [ OLiihc | t i@t*) ihi_ M) tMt|||L? |@|
@ 4Lhi }i?ih@* tL*|L? |L ED2 t _i?L|i_ b | ' [5| n 1| c ihi 1| t @?) ThLUitt uLh U
.| 1|n ' \2 1|
t @ hit*|c @ }i?ih@* tL*|L? uLh %|n t }i? M)
k l
%|n ' E \ %| n `2 E 22 [ n -% n '% 5| n `2 E 22 1|
3 3 3
Atc @? ??|i @hi|) Lu tL*|L?t i t|tc MiU@ti |ihi t L?*) L?i hit|hU|L? L? |i uLh4
1| tL*_ |@!i
A)TU@**)c | t @tt4i_ |@| |i tL*|L? Lu ?|ihit| t ML?_i_ ? tL4i @) L|Ui |@|
t?Ui \2 UL?tt|t Lu i}i?@*it }hi@|ih |@? L?i ? @MtL*|i @*ic |i ThLUitt 1| t i TiU|i_
|L i T*L_i Wi *4<" .| 1|n ' *4 .| \2 1| ' 4c _iTi?_?} L? |i t}? Lu 1|
<"
t4T*i UL?_|L? U *i@it L?*) |i tL*|L? i uL?_ i@h*ih t |L hi^hi
*4 .| %|n ' fc ; |
<"
At t L?*) |hi uLh |i T@h|U*@h tL*|L? i uL?_ i@h*ihc i uLh 1| ' fc uLh @** |
_gihi?| 4i|L_ Lu hi?_ih?} |i tL*|L? ?^i L*_ Mi |L 4TLti @ |h@?tiht@*|)
UL?_|L? L? |i Lh}?@* LT|43@|L? ThLM*i4 Ai ThLM*i4 ? 5iU|L? L*_ @i |i
|h@?tiht@*|) UL?_|L?
*4 .f q | d%| %% %| n 2%| % | n 2%| %5 5| n 2%| % b| o ' f
|<"
Wu @| *i@t| L?i Lu |i i}i?@*it ? \2 t }hi@|ih |@? q *2 ? @MtL*|i @*ic |i? |i
3
i T*Lti?itt ? 1| ** _L4?@|i |i |ih4 q | @?_ |i |h@?tiht@*|) UL?_|L? ** ?L| Mi
t@|ti_ AihiuLhic hi^h?} |@| |i UL?_|L? L*_t i*4?@|it @** M| |i tL*|L? |
1| ' f uLh @** |
.
ihi |i i*i4i?|t Lu \2 @hi *itt |@? L?i ? 4L_*t @?_ |i i*i4i?|t Lu \2} @hi }hi@|ih
|@? L?i ? 4L_*t W? |t U@tic | t UL?i?i?| |L h|i ED2 ? |L T@h|t
|n ' \2 b
.| b | n l Exf n x 5| c ED
}|n ' \2} b
.| b }| n l} Exf n x 5| c EDe
| t t4T*) |i ht| ? ?r i*i4i?|t Lu b
ihi b | @?_ b
}| t |i *@t| ?Sr n ?r ? i*i4i?|t
6h|ih4Lhic i @i
l ' U? ?r f? ?r ?Sr n?r ?
3 3 f 3 @?_ l} ' f?Sr n?r ? ? ?r U?Sr n?r ?
3 f 3 3
W? |t U@tic i |ih@|i M@U!@h_ L? ED @?_ uLh@h_ L? EDe |L LM|@? |i }i?ih@* tL*|L?t
[
"
| '
b E\2 l Exf n x 5|
3 3 n 1| EDD
'f
["
}| '
b E\2} E n l} Exf n x 5| n 1}|
3
'f
' [} 5| n 1}| EDS
ihi i @i |i hit|hU|L?t .| 1|n ' \2 1| @?_ .| 1}|n ' \2} 1}| At }it t @ }i?ih@*
tL*|L? uLh %|n Lu |i uLh4
# S $
'f E\2 l Exf n x 5|33 n 1| nE- n' 5
"
D , T*Lti?itt `i? ?l ?v
Wu |ihi @hi uiih i}i?@*it *itt |@? L?i ? 4L_*t |@? |ihi @hi t|@|i @h@M*itc | t
?L|c ? }i?ih@*c TLttM*i |L _ihi @ tL*|L? |@| t@|tit |i |)TU@* ML?_i_?itt UL?_|L?
Ai }i?ih@* tL*|L? |L |i _gihi?Ui i^@|L? }Lih??} %| t
k l
%|n ' \ %| n `2 E 22 [ n -% n '% 5| n `2 E 22 1| c
3 3 3
ihi [ t _i?i_ @t ? tiU|L? Dc t?Ui ? |t U@tic @t ? |@| tiU|L?c | 4@!it ti?ti |L
| 54T*i |ih@|L? L? |t i^@|L? ?_U@|it |@|
tL*i uLh@h_ uLh @** i*i4i?|t Lu b
[
3 qk l
.| %|n ' \ %| n
3
\ 3
`2 E 22 [ n -% n '%
3
3 3
5| n
'f
r
`2 E 22 \23 3 3
1|
H
+i}@h_*itt Lu |i @tt4T|L?t 4@_i UL?Uih??} 1| c |t i ThittL? @tc ? }i?ih@*c ?L *4|?}
@*i MiU@ti \ UL?|@?t i}i?@*it U @hi }hi@|ih |@? ? @MtL*|i @*i
Aihi 4@) Mi L|ih @h@M*it ? Lh 4L_i* Lu ?|ihit|c _i?L|i_ s| EtU @t L|T|c @ih@}i
ThL_U||)c ?it|4i?| @?_ |i h@|i Lu hi|h? ? |i hi@* Mt?itt U)U*i 4L_i*t _itUhMi_ ?
5iU|L? e U @hi i ThittM*i @t @ *?i@h UL4M?@|L? Lu |i UL?|hL*tc t|@|it @?_ i L}i?Lt
@h@M*it
s| ' 8 n 8% %| n 8e5|
k S | l
' 8S C% C5 n 8% 8e r| EDb
b
AihiuLhi | t TLttM*i |L hiThiti?| @** |i @h@M*it i UiT| |i t|@|i @?_ i L}i?Lt @h@M*it
? |i uLh4 3 4
b|
E F
C | D ' Mr| ESf
s|
AL }i?ih@|i 4L?} @ih@}i hiThiti?|@|L?t uLh i@U Lu |i @h@M*it ?L|Ui |@|
r| ' r| n " | 3
. L4T|?} |LUL@h@?Uit
W? |i ThiLt tiU|L? i _ihi_ @ hiThiti?|@|L? Lu |i tL*|L? |L |i }i?ih@* w" ThLM*i4
}i? M)
r|n ' r| n " |n ES
@?_ 3 4
b|
E F
C | D ' Mr|
s|
AL UL4T|i |i @|LUL@h@?Uit Lu r| ?L|Ui |@|
AihiuLhi
K ' .Er| r|
k l
3
' Kf
4@|h | |i i}i?@*it Lu L? |i _@}L?@* @?_ T t @ 4@|h Lti UL*4?t @hi |i
2f
ULhhitTL?_?} ?r n ?e *?i@h*) ?_iTi?_i?| i}i?iU|Lht Ai? Thi4*|T*)?} ES M) T 3
i }i|
T 3
r|n ' (T r| n T 3 3
" |n
r|n ' (
r| n "|n
' _ "|3
'f
Ai 4@|h Kf ' T K f T W? tL4i U@titc 4@) Mi t?}*@h @?_ |i _@}L?@*3@|L? U@??L|
Mi TihuLh4i_ 6Lh i @4T*ic u L?i Lu |i tLU!t ? 5| t |i ?Ltic c ** Mi t?}*@hc
hi?_ih?} t?}*@h W? U@tit uLh U t t?}*@hc Kf U@? Mi UL4T|i_ M) tL4i ?|i
@TThL 4@|L? |L P n P n 2 PE 2 n
s|
' Kf M
Aiti t4T*i U@*U*@|L?t tL |@| | t t|h@}|uLh@h_ |L UL4T|i @?) Lu |i @|LUL@h
@?Uit @4L?} %| c 5| c b| c | Lh s|
|' |'2
2
L|Ui |@| |i ht| Lh_ih UL?_|L?tc uLh } c }2 c c uhL4 |t 4?43@|L? @hi
+ n } n bE} 2}2 n } ' f
+2 n }2 n bdE2} n e}2 2} n E}e 2} n }2 ' f
+| n }| n bdE}| 2}| n }| 2 n E2}|n n e}| 2}| n E}|n2 2}|n n }| o
3 3 3 ' f
| ' c A 2
+A n }A n bdE2}A n e}A 2}A 2 n E}A 2}A 2 n }A
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ' f
+A n }A n bE}A 2}A n }A 2 3 3 ' f
Wu )L h|i |i |4i tihit i+| jA|' @t @ iU|Lhc +c @?_ |i }hL| UL4TL?i?|t i}| jA|' @t
@ iU|Lhc }c |i ht| Lh_ih UL?_|L?t uLh |i }hL| UL4TL?i?|t @hi }i? M) } ' +c Lh
} ' +c @?_ |i U)U*U@* UL4TL?i?| t S ' + } Ai 4@|h t i^@* |L
3
3 4
n b 2b b f f f f f
E 2b n Db eb b f f f f F
E F
E F
E
E b eb n Sb eb b f f f F
F
E f b eb n Sb eb f f f F
E F
E F
E
E
f f b eb n Sb f f f F
F
E F
E
E F
F
E f f f f f n Sb eb b F
E F
E F
C f f f f f eb n Db 2b D
f f f f f b 2b n b
L|Ui |@| |i *|ih *i|t )L h|i }| ' CA| Eu+| c ihi CA| Eu t @ TL*)?L4@* ETLttM*)
_LM*it_i_ ? |i *@}LTih@|Lh L|Ui |@| |i ULiUi?|t ? |i TL*)?L4@* @hi |4i
@h)?} @?_ _iTi?_ L? |i t@4T*i t3i
Ai tihit Uhi@|i_ M) |i O *|ih @hi t4*@h E? *@h}i t@4T*it |L |i |4i tihit
LM|@?i_ M) ULLt?} |i |4i tihit i}| j|' "
|L 4?43i
3"
[
"
[
"
|'3" |'3"
At 4?43@|L? ThLM*i4 *i@_t |L @ |4i?@h@?| uLh4 Lu |i O *|ih Wi i }i| @ uLh4
}| ' CEu+| c ihi CEu t ?_iTi?_i?| Lu |4i Ai tiUL?_ 4L4i?|t Lu U)U*U@* UL4TL?i?|t
LM|@?i_ t?} |i |4i@h)?} *|ih @hi @t)4T|L|U@**) i^@*i?| |L |i tiUL?_ 4L4i?|t
Lu U)U*U@* UL4TL?i?|t LM|@?i_ t?} |i |4i?@h@?| *|ih AihiuLhic i uLUt L? |i
|4i?@h@?| *|ih
Ai M}}ih t b |i t4LL|ih t |i tihit }| |@| )L }i| L| Lu |i *|ih Ai ?4Mih
t@**) ti_ uLh ^@h|ih*) _@|@ t b ' Sff k?} @?_ +iMi*L EbHb _itUhMi |i uLh4 Lu
|i |4i?@h@?| *|ih Ai) tL |@| |i *|ihi_ tihit S| t }i? M)
db u2 n E ue oS| ' E ue +|
3
22
ihi
k l
MEu ' Emom2 u 2 E ou E o7u E ou E o7u
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
k l3 k l3
' Emom2 u 2 2+iEou n mom2 u2
3
2+iEou 3
n mom2 u 3 2
Ai T@h@4i|ih o t |i hiUThLU@* Lu @ t|@M*i hLL| Lu -E~ ' f E|iti @hi @** UL4T*i @t
tL? M) k?} @?_ +iMi*L bHb +iEo t |i hi@* T@h| Lu oc *i o7 t |t UL4T*i UL?}@|i
k?} @?_ +iMi*L EbHb tL |@| |t U@? Mi h||i? ? |i uLh4 Lu @? ??|i t)44i|hU
_LM*it_i_ *|ihc
2
S| ' Eu+| ' E n K 2 u
3
3
n K u3
3
n Kf n K u n K2 u2 n +| c
ihi Kf ' dfDS ULtEfnfDDH t?Efoc K ' K ' EfHbe dfDS ULtE2nfDDH t?E2o
3
6hi^i?Uit @hi 4@TTi_ ?|L TihL_t t?} |i 4@TT?} R ' 2Z*/ Ai tTiU|h4 hL}*)
|i**t )L L 4U Lu |i @h@?Ui Lu |i |4i tihit LUUht ? UL4TL?i?|t | _gihi?|
uhi^i?Uit Wu )L |@!i @?) UL@h@?Ui t|@|L?@h) |4i tihit | @t @ tTiU|h4 }i? M) |i
uLh4*@ @MLi W? 6}hi c |i tTiU|h@ Lu uLh |4i tihit @hi T*L||i_ Aiti |4i tihit @hi
@ |i ?Lti ThLUittc %| ' "| c ihi ."2| ' j2 @?_ .E"| "| ' fc uLh 9' f 3
@ ht| Lh_ih @|Lhi}hittic +Ec ThLUitt %| ' 4%| 3 n "| c ihi 4 ' fHc
@ ht| Lh_ih 4L?} @ih@}ic Ec ThLUitt %| ' "| n w"| c ihi w ' fDc 3
+| ' Eu%|
2
S s
ihi E/ ' ' K e / @?_ ' Nt?} |t ?uLh4@|L? )L U@? t4T*) T*L| |i
"
3"
3
|h@?tuih u?U|L?c mE/m2 c |@| }Lit | @?) *|ih ? Lh_ih |L tii L _gihi?| UL4TL?i?|t
Lu |i @h@|L? ? %| @hi @giU|i_ M) |i @TT*U@|L? Lu |i *|ih Ai |h@?tuih u?U|L? Lu
|i |4i?@h@?| O *|ih t }i? ? 6}hi e uLh _gihi?| @*it Lu b 6Lh |i t@!i Lu
UL4T@htL?c 6}hi e @*tL UL?|@?t @ }h@T Lu |i |h@?tuih u?U|L? uLh |i ht| _gihi?Ui
*|ihc { ' E u
tiu* ThLTih|) Lu |i |4i?@h@?| O *|ih t |@| |i U)U*U@* UL4TL?i?| _Lit ?L|
U@?}i i? @?)|?} T |L @ ^@_h@|U _i|ih4?t|U |hi?_ t @__i_ |L |i tihit Mi?}
*|ihi_c +| AL tii |tc _i?i %| ' +| n | c ihi | ' k n q| n |2 Ai }hL| UL4TL?i?|
Lu %| t _i|ih4?i_ M)
k l
bu2 ebu n E n Sb ebu 3
n bu 3 2
}%| ' %| ' +| n | c
5?Ui %| ' +| n | ' S%| n }%| @?_ +| ' S+| n }+| c i @i }%| }+| ' | n S+| S%| AihiuLhic
k l k l
bu2 ebu n E n Sb ebu 3
n bu
3 2
ES+| S%| n bu2 ebu n Sb ebu 3
n bu3 2
| ' f
uLh @** | 5L4i @*}iMh@ tLt |@| |t hi^hit tL?} |@|
Lhi @*}iMh@ UL?h4t |@| |iti i^@*|it L*_ At ThLTih|) t ?L| t@hi_ M) |i |4i
@h)?} *|ihc @*|L} | t ?@h@?| |L @?)|?} T |L @ *?i@h |hi?_
At ThLTih|) Lu |i O *|ih t tiu* MiU@ti | @**Lt @ t4T*i 4@TT?} uhL4 |i
4L4i?|t 4T*i_ M) |i 4L_i* uLh |i @||i_ @h@M*it |L |i 4L4i?|t 4T*i_ M) |i 4L_i*
uLh O *|ihi_ _@|@ A@!i uLh i @4T*ic + | W| @t @h}i_ ? 5iU|L? e |@| + | *?E+| *+ '
*?dEt| *f| *+o ' *?Et| *?E+ *?Ef| ' *?Et| *?E+ *?Eff | *?Ef AihiuLhic
|i 4L4i?|t Lu |i @||i_ @h@M*it @hi _hiU|*) UL4T@h@M*i |L |i 4L4i?|t Lu *?i@h*)
_i|hi?_i_ _@|@ Ai ?@h@?Ui Lu |i U)U*U@* UL4TL?i?| |L |i ?U*tL? Lh i U*tL? Lu @
|hi?_ t}}it|t |@| |i 4L4i?|t Lu O *|ihi_ @||i_ @h@M*it U@? Mi UL4T@hi_ _hiU|*)
|L |i 4L4i?|t Lu O *|ihi_ _@|@ Ai ?i | t|iT t |L _i|ih4?i |i 4@TT?} uhL4 |i
4L4i?|t Lu |i @||i_ @h@M*it |L |i 4L4i?|t Lu O *|ihi_ _@|@
2e
wi| %| _i?L|i @ iU|Lh Lu @||i_ |4i tihit @?_ *i| .E%| %| ' K Ai? O *|ihi_
S 3
tihit ULhhitTL?_?} |L %| @hi }i? M) +| ' n ' K %| c ihi |i K @hi _i?i_ @MLi
"
3" 3
.E+| +| ' . 7
3
K %|
3 K %| 8
3 3
'3" '3"
n
[ "
[
" n
[ "
[
" n
[ "
' Kf K K n
3 K& K K n& n
3 K&
K K &
3 3
5TTLti i ti_ @ ?|i ?4Mih Lu |i K ? @TThL 4@|?} |t t4c t@) K uLh ' |L
' @?_ @ ?|i ?4Mih Lu |i @|LUL@h@?Uitc K& c & ' fc c Ai @|LUL@h@?Uit
Lu +| UL*_ Mi @TThL 4@|i_ M)
[
[
[
[
[
K K Kf n
3 K K n& K& n
3 K K & K& n
3 3
W? Lh_ih uLh |t uLh4*@ |L Mi @UUh@|ic tL*_ Mi UL?t_ih@M*) *@h}ih |@? U
tL*_ Mi UL?t_ih@M*) *@h}ih |@?
W| t 4U i@tih |L _ihi |i @|LUL@h@?Uit Lu ht|_gihi?Ui_ tihit 6Lh i @4T*ic
{ +| { *?E+| *+ ' *?Et| *?Et| *?Ef Wu |i @|LUL@h@?Uit Lu %| @hi }i? M) K c
3
2D
BLih?4i?| i Ti?_|hi t i L}i?Ltc @t t f| Ai ,*ih i^@|L?t @hi
q | | \| ' f
3
k l
k
\| n .| \|n E kg|n E|n f|n k n E B
3
' f
g| k E| f| k n E Bg| g|n | C| ' f
3
ht|@?L @?_ ,Ui?M@4 @tt4i |@| f| ' i TE n | f| Wi |i UL44L? }hL| 3
tihit t?} |i uL**L?} |h@?tuLh4@|L?tG S| ' | *f| c &| ' g| *f| c +| ' t| *f| c }| ' 3
t|LU@t|U ThLUitt uLh }| t @tt4i_ |L Mi t|@|L?@h)c | *?E}| ' E4} *?E}n4} *?E}| n 3
S| b| ' f
3
k l
k k
b| n q.| b|n E k&|n |n i TdEk E n |n o n E B i TE |n
3
' f
3k
&| |k i TdEk E n | o n E B i TE | &| &|n S| }| ' f
Ai ?L?t|LU@t|U t|i@_) t|@|i t i@t*) LM|@?i_ 54T*) hi4Li @** |4i tMtUhT|t @?_
i TiU|@|L?t uhL4 |i ,*ih i^@|L?t @?_ ti| | ' f Ai i^@|L?t MiUL4i
S b ' f 3
k l
b n qb E k& k k i TdEk o n E B i TE
3
' f
& k k i TdEk o n E B i TE& & S } ' f
3
AihiuLhic
E+*& ' dq 3
E B i TEo*E k
54*@h*)c |i U@T|@**@MLh h@|L t }i? M)
% &3*k
q E B i TE
3
E&* '
E k i TdEk o
6hL4 |i ,*ih i^@|L? uLh |t _i|ih4?it b U _i|ih4?it S Ai hitLhUi UL?t|h@?|
4T*it |@|
+ ' d E B i TEo& n S n }
9Wkh dffrpsdq|lqj surjudp iru wklv prgho dvvxphv wkdw doo vwdwh yduldeohv duh uhvfdohg e| glylglqj e|
[w4 dqg wkdw doo h{rjhqrxv vkrfnv duh ghqhg uhodwlyh wr wkh frpprq wuhqg [w 1
:Wkh qrq0ghwuhqghg rxwsxw0fdslwdo udwlr lv +|@n, h{s+, ehfdxvh \w.4@Nw.4 @ +|w.4 [w.4 ,@+nw.4[w ,1
2S
Lh # $
&
+ d E B i TEo ' S n }
+
5?Ui } t @ T@h@4i|ihc |t _i|ih4?it +c U _i|ih4?it &c U |i? _i|ih4?it
AL *?i@h3i |i ,*ih i^@|L?t ThLUii_ @t ? 5iU|L? e #i??} | ' _| c t?Ui | t
@*hi@_) 4i@thi_ ? *L}@h|4tc @?_ > ' qE kE+*&c i LM|@?
|
S| b ' f
| n E k& | n Ek | n Ek
b | ' f
b| n b|n k>&|n n k>|n n Ek> |n ' f
E k& | n k | dE k n E B i TEE&*+o | n
E B i TEE&*+&| E&*+&|n ES*+ S| E}*+ }| ' f
# $3 % &3
| e%RE S|
-| ' q.| ' .| i TE|n
|n q S|n
Ai t|i@_) t|@|i @*i Lu -&| t -& ' E kE+*& i TE n E B Ai t|i@_) t|@|i @*i Lu
-| t }i? M) - ' i TE*q 6hL4 ES2 | uL**Lt |@| -& ' - Aiti i^@|L?t *?i@h3i_
@hi }i? M)
+ | ' E k& | n k | n Ek
|
| ' E k& | n Ek | n Ek
|
| '
E kE+*&| n kE+*| n Ek E+*
| E+*ES*+
S| E+*E}*+
}|
&
- | ' k>& | n k> | n k> |
-| ' .| S |n S | c
2.
5TTLti i ihi ?|ihit|i_ ? |i 4L4i?|t Lu O *|ihi_ _@|@ uhL4 |i 4L_i* t4T*i
@TThL@U t |L ht| _ihi |i 4L4i?|t Lu |i ht|_gihi?Ui_ @h@M*it +iU@** |i tL*|L?
uLh |i t|@|i @h@M*i }i? M) i^@|L? ED
L|Ui |@| ? |i ht|@?L @?_ ,Ui?M@4 4L_i* |i @h@M*i %| t ?|ihThi|i_ @t
*?Eg| *f| *?E& Wi | t |i TihUi?|@}i _i@|L? Lu |i U@T|@* t|LU!c hi*@|i |L
3
|i |hi?_c uhL4 |t ?L?t|LU@t|U t|i@_) t|@|i @*i AihiuLhic |i tiUL?_ 4L4i?|t Lu
{ *?Eg| L*_ ULhhitTL?_ |L |i tiUL?_ 4L4i?|t Lu {%| n { *?Ef| 5?Ui { *?Ef| 3 3
t t4T*) n | c | t U*i@h |@| |iti tiUL?_ 4L4i?|t L*_ ULhhitTL?_ |L |i tiUL?_
3
_i?i 3 4
{%| n 5c| 3
r7| ' E
C 5| F
Dc
5| 3
ihi W @4 @tt4?} |@| |i tLU! |L |i t|LU@t|U |hi?_ E? Lh i @4T*i | t @*@)t
_i?i_ @t |i ht| i*i4i?| ? |i iU|Lh Lu i L}i?Lt @h@M*it Aihi @hi |L tiu* ti|t
Lu i^@|L?t ?L*?} r7| 6ht|c _i?i @ ?r ?e 4@|h X% Lti ht| UL*4? t @ iU|Lh Lu
L?itc @?_ Lti L|ih i*i4i?|t @hi f Wi _i?ic
3 4
f f
E F
E f f F
X% ' E
E F
F
C D
f f
Ai?
3 4
%| %| 3 n X% 5| 3
r7| ' E
C 5| F
D
5| 3
3 4 3 4
U f # $ U X% # $
%| %|
' E
C f U D
F E
nC f f F
D
3
5| 5|
f f f U 3
' f r| n r| 3 ES
2H
ihi Kf @?_ @hi _i?i_ @t ? 5iU|L? . 6h|ih4Lhic ESe U@? Mi ti_ |L tL |@|
7 ' .E7
K 7 K
r| r7| '
3
7f ESS
5L4i U@hi @t |L Mi |@!i?c ? Lh_ih |L UL4T|i UL@h@?Uit ?L*?} |i L|ih @h@M*it Lu
?|ihit| Aiti 4}| ?U*_ic { *?Eg| c { *?Ef| c { *?EC| c { *?E\| c { *?E| c { *?E| c
{ *?Et| c { *?Et| *| c { *?EU| c { *?E-&| @?_ { *?E-| #i?i
3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4
{ *?Eg| {& | n { *?Ef| 3 {& | n n | 3 f
E F E F E F E F
E { *?Ef| F E { *?Ef| F E f F E F
E F E F E F E F
E { *?EC| F E { }| n { *?Ef| F E { }| F E F
E F E F E F E F
E F E | { *?Ef| F E F E F
E { *?E\| F E
E
{b F
F
E
E
{b| F E
F E F
E F E F E F E F
E { *?E| F E { S| n { *?Ef| F E { S| F E F
E F F
7
{8| ' E { *?E| F'E
E { |
F E
F'E { |
F E
FnE f F E n |
E F E F E F E F
E F E F E F E F
E { *?Et| F E { +| n { *?Ef| F E { +| F E F
E F E F E F E F
E
E { *?Et| *| F
F E { | n { *?Ef| F E { | F E F
F
E F E F E F E F
E { *?EU| F E
E { | n { *?Ef| F
F
E
E { | F E
F E F
E F F
C { *?E-&| D E
C {- &
|
F
D
E
C {- &
|
F C
D f D
{ *?E-|
{-| {-| f
ihi s t @ ?e iU|Lh Lti ht| i*i4i?| t @?_ Lti L|ih i*i4i?|t @hi fc s2 t
@ E?e ?e 4@|h Lti ht| UL*4? t @ iU|Lh Lu L?it @?_ Lti hi4@??} M*LU! t
@? _i?||)c s t @ E?e ?e 4@|h Lti ht| UL*4? t @ iU|Lh Lu 3ihLt @?_ Lti
hi4@??} M*LU! t |i ?i}@|i Lu @? _i?||) @?_ X s t @ ?s ?e 4@|h Lti ht| UL*4?
t |i iU|Lh l @?_ Lti hi4@??} i*i4i?|t @hi 3ihL Wi
3 4
f f
E F
E f
f F
s ' f f s2 ' E
E
F
F
C D
f f
2b
3 4
f f f
E F
E f f f F
s ' E
E F
F Xs ' l f
C D
f f f
At i?@M*it t |L h|i
3 4
U f f 3 4
E f F {7%|
E s f FE F
{87| ' E F C 5| D
C f s2 s D
5|3
M EM2 n Xs EM2 n M X%
7 r7|
' M ES.
At i U@? UL4T|i |i @|LUL@h@?Uit Lu {87| ^|i i@t*) @t
k l
. {87| {87| ' M 7K
7 M
3
7
W? Lh_ih |L LM|@? |i 4L4i?|t Lu O *|ihi_ _@|@c i U@? t4T*) LM|@? |i 4T@U| Lu
@TT*)?} |i *|ih Eu _itUhMi_ @MLi |L |i iU|Lh {87| H At ** Mi |i t|h@}|uLh@h_
@?@*L} Lu |i 4i|L_ _itUhMi_ ? 5iU|L? . uLh |i O *|ih Eu
f
ihi `A t @ 6 6 t)44i|hU TLt|i _i?|i i}|?} 4@|h Ai ht|Lh_ih UL?_|L?
uLh |i 4?43@|L? ThLM*i4 t
%A A & % &
YaA E [ Ys E%| c [
' `A s E%| c ' f
Y A |' Y A |'
vL U@? tii |@| |i hit*| Lu t@|tu)?} |i ht|Lh_ih UL?_|L? t |L ti| & *?i@h UL4M?@
|L?t Lu |i 6 t@4T*i 4L4i?| UL?_|L?t i^@* |L 3ihL
wi| |i |hi @*i Lu |i T@h@4i|ih iU|Lh Mi }i? M) f #i?i |i 6 & 4@|h
% &
Ys E%| c f
(f ' .
Y
@?_ *i| `A UL?ih}i @*4Lt| thi*) |L |i t)44i|hU TLt|i _i?|i 4@|h `f Ai?
O@?ti? EbH2 tLt |@| A t UL?tt|i?| @?_ |@|
s _
k l
A E A f $ fc E(f `f (f (f `f 7f `f (f E(f `f (f
3 3
'3"
O@?ti? EbH2 tLt |@| @UhLtt @** B it|4@|Lht U i T*L| |i t@4i 4L4i?| hi
t|hU|L?tc |i @t)4T|L|U @h@?UiUL@h@?Ui 4@|h t t4@**it| i? `A UL?ih}it @*4Lt|
thi*) |L 7f At t}}it|t |i uL**L?} |L t|iT ThLUi_hi
3
,t|4@|i t?} @?) TLt|i _i?|i i}|?} 4@|h c uLh i @4T*i |i _i?||) 4@
|h 5?Ui |t it|4@|i_ T@h@4i|ih iU|Lhc A c t UL?tt|i?| | U@? Mi ti_ |L UL?t|hU|
@ UL?tt|i?| it|4@|Lh Lu 7f Aihi @hi 4@?) 4i|L_t |@| U@? Mi ti_ |L it|4@|i
7f 5iih@* Lu |iti 4i|L_t @hi hL}*) Lu |i uLh4c
?
[ [ A k l
7 A ' &Ec ? s E%| c A sE%|n c A
'3? A |'
_t|hM|L? s k l
_
A E A f $ fc E(f 7f (f 3 3
ihi
[ A Ys E% c
|
(A '
A |' Y
<Vhh wkh Kdqvhq/ Khdwrq dqg Rjdnl +4<<5, JDXVV JPP surjudpv iru wkh ghwdlov1
At ThLUi_hi U@? Mi |ih@|i_ L? tiih@* |4itc M| | ** ?L| U@?}i |i @t)4T|L|U
_t|hM|L? Lu A O@?ti? EbH2 @*tL tLt |@| i? |t |L t|iT ThLUi_hi t ti_c |i
@*i Lu |i LMiU|i u?U|L? @| |i LT|44 @t |i uL**L?} @t)4T|L|U _t|hM|L?
_
A aA E A $ 2 E6 &
iU|Lh t }i? M)
' w B k + *?Ef *?E 4 j
L?t_ih @ t4T*ic i @U|*) _i?|i_ B it|4@|Lh M@ti_ L? |i uL**L?} 4L4i?| UL?_
|L?t
t|
. wk ' f ESH
| |
g|n U|
. Bn ' f ESb
g| g|
% # $&
| t|n
. q E k n E B ' f E.f
|n g|n
. d*?Et| + *?Ef |o ' f E.
|
. E*?Et| + *?Ef | ' f E.2
A
. d*?E| *?EE 4 4 *?E| o ' f
3 E.
. dE*?E| *?EE 4 4 *?E| *?E| o ' f
3 3 E.e
k l
2
. E*?E| *?EE 4 4 *?E| j2
3 ' f E.D
#@|@ uLh |i tihit | @hi LM|@?i_ M) t?} @ tihit L? Tih U@T|@ Lht Tih ^@h|ih @?_
__?} | M) @ 4i@thi Lu |i |4i i?_L4i?|f #@|@ uLh |i tihit | U@? Mi Uhi@|i_ uLh
i@U @*i Lu k t?} _@|@ L? t| c g| @?_ | @?_ |i LMM#L}*@t @tt4T|L?
,^@|L? ESH t _ihi_ uhL4 |i ,*ih i^@|L? uLh i4T*L)4i?| ,^@|L? ESb t
_ihi_ uhL4 |i _i?||) |@| hi*@|it }hLtt ?it|4i?| |L U@T|@* t|LU!t ,^@|L? E.f t
_ihi_ uhL4 |i ,*ih i^@|L? uLh |i U@T|@* t|LU! ,^@|L?t E. @?_ E.2 _i?|u) |i
T@h@4i|ih f | |i @ih@}i }hL| h@|i Lu L|T| Lih |i t@4T*i Ai T@h@4i|ih +
t it|4@|i_c M| t ?L| ti_ |L tL*i |i 4L_i* ,^@|L?t E.c E.e @?_ E.D @hi _ihi_
uhL4 |i *@ Lu 4L|L? uLh |iU?L*L}) tLU!tc |
5?Ui |ihi @hi H 4L4i?| UL?_|L?t @?_ H T@h@4i|ihtc |i it|4@|Lh t i @U|*) _i?|i_
Ai @*i Lu |i LMiU|i u?U|L? @| |i LT|44 ** ?L| ThL_i @ |it| Lu |i 4L_i*
OLiihc | t TLttM*i |L 4@}?i it|4@|Lht U @hi M@ti_ L? Lih_i?|u)?} hit|hU|L?t
43Lq wkh h{dpsohv hvwlpdwhg lq wklv sdshu/ wkh wlph hqgrzphqw lv qrupdol}hg wr 469< krxuv/ dv lq Fkulvwldqr
dqg Hlfkhqedxp +4<<5,1
44Irupdoo|/ qhlwkhu +9;, qru +9<, vkrxog eh hpsor|hg lq hvwlpdwlrq1 Vlqfh wkhvh wzr htxdwlrqv krog zlwkrxw
wkh h{shfwdwlrqv rshudwru/ xqghu wkh qxoo wkdw wkh prgho lv wuxh/ wkh pdwulfhv VW dqg V3 zloo eh vlqjxodu1
2
b2 O)TL|itt Ait|?}
U Lu |i hi@* Mt?itt U)U*i *|ih@|hi uLUtit L? |i @M*|) Lu |iti 4L_i*t |L hiT*U@|i
|i |4i tihit ThLTih|it Lu 4@UhLiUL?L4U @h@M*it 6Lh |i 4Lt| T@h|c |i |4i tihit
ThLTih|it Lu ?|ihit| @i Mii? |i @|LUL@h@?Uit Lu L|T|c UL?t4T|L?c ?it|4i?|c @
ih@}i ThL_U||)c Lht Lh!i_c }Lih?4i?| i Ti?_|hi @?_ ?|ihit| h@|it W? @? ?uLh4@*
@TThL@Uc |i hiti@hUih LM|@?t T@h@4i|iht uLh @ 4L_i*c tL*it |@| 4L_i*c |i? i|ih t4
*@|it |i 4L_i* Lh tit |i 4i|L_t t}}it|i_ @MLi |L U@*U*@|i |i @|LUL@h@?Uit Lu |i
@h@M*it ? ^it|L? Ai 4L_i* t _}i_ M@ti_ L? L i** |iti 4L_i*< @|LUL@h@?Uit
4@|U |i ULhhitTL?_?} 4L4i?|t uhL4 |i _@|@
ht|@?L @?_ ,Ui?M@4 Ebb2 t}}it| @ uLh4@* t|@|t|U@* 4i|hU uLh 4i@th?} L
U*Lti |i 4L_i* 4L4i?|t @hi |L |i _@|@ 4L4i?|t Ai ThLM*i4 | ?uLh4@* 4i|hUt t
|LuL*_
|i) _L ?L| |@!i ?|L @UUL?| |i igiU| Lu T@h@4i|ih ?Uih|@?|) L? |i _}4i?|t
Mi?} 4@_ic @?_
|i) _L ?L| |@!i ?|L @UUL?| t@4T*?} ?Uih|@?|) ? |i _@|@ 4L4i?|t
Ai 4i|L_ ht|@?L @?_ ,Ui?M@4 Ebb2 t}}it| t itti?|@**) @ `@*_ |)Ti |it|?}
ThLUi_hi Ai) ?L|i |@| |i tiUL?_ 4L4i?|t 4T*i_ M) |i 4L_i* U@? Mi i Thitti_
4T*U|*) @t @ ?L?*?i@h u?U|L? Lu |i T@h@4i|ih iU|Lh At t U*i@h*) |hi W? 5iU|L?
e i tLi_ |@| |i *?i@h3i_ tL*|L? _iTi?_t L?*) L? |i 4L_i*<t t|hU|hic t|i@_) t|@|i
@*it U @hi u?U|L?t Lu |i ?_ih*)?} T@h@4i|ihtc @?_ |i T@h@4i|iht Lu |i *@
Lu 4L|L? Lu |i i L}i?Lt tLU!t 6h|ih4Lhic ? 5iU|L?t . @?_ H i tLi_ |@| |i
tL*|L?tc @*L?} | 4Lhi T@h@4i|iht Lu |i *@ Lu 4L|L? Lu |i i L}i?Lt tLU!t UL*_
Mi ti_ |L _i|ih4?i tiUL?_ 4L4i?|t Lu *?i@h*) _i|hi?_i_c O *|ihi_ Lh ht|_gihi?Ui_
_@|@ AihiuLhic |Lti tiUL?_ 4L4i?|t @hi t| UL4T*U@|i_ ?L?*?i@h u?U|L?t Lu |i _@|@
wi| |i 4@TT?} uhL4 |i T@h@4i|ih iU|Lh |L |i 4L_i* 4L4i?|t Mi }i? M) 6E
L|Ui |@| |i u?U|L? 6 U@? Mi }i? _gihi?| _i?|L?t _iTi?_?} L? L 4@?) 4L_i*
4L4i?|t i @hi ?|ihit|i_ ? U@*U*@|?}
W? Lh_ih |L UL4T@hi |i 4L_i* 4L4i?|t |L |i _@|@ 4L4i?|t | t ?iUitt@h) |L @}
4i?| |i T@h@4i|ih iU|Lh +i_i?i |i 4L_i* T@h@4i|iht @t c @?_ _i?i @ ?i ti| Lu
T@h@4i|ihtc 2 c Lti |hi @*it @hi |i TLT*@|L? @*it Lu |i t@4T*i 4L4i?|t U
ULhhitTL?_ |L |i 4L_i* 4L4i?|t ? ^it|L? 6Lh i @4T*ic tTTLti |i L?*) 4L4i?|t Lu
?|ihit| @hi |i 4i@? @?_ |i t|@?_@h_ _i@|L? Lu |i }hL| h@|i Lu L|T| Ai? |i
T@h@4i|ih iU|Lh 2 t }i? M)
# $
.{ *?Et|
2 ' *2
d. Ed{ *?Et| o2 d.{ *?Et| o2 o
W? }i?ih@* i U@? 4@}?i |@| |i t@4T*i 4L4i?|t @hi _i?|@M*i uhL4 @ UL?_|L? Lu |i
uLh4 . d}E%| c 2 o ' fc Lu U |i @MLi i ThittL? uLh 2 t @? i @4T*i AL tii |tc h|i
|i i ThittL? uLh 2 @t
Ai T@h@4i|ih 2 hiThiti?|t |i 4i@? Lu { *?Et
|
c *i hiThiti?|t |t t|@?_@h_ _i
22
@|L? Ai UL4M?i_ T@h@4i|ih iU|Lh ' 2 U@? Mi it|4@|i_ M) B M)
. ds E%| c o ' f
. d}E%| c 2 o ' f
5TTLti |i i?|hi T@h@4i|ih iU|Lh t it|4@|i_ M) Bc @?_ |t @t)4T|L|U @h@?Ui
UL@h@?Ui 4@|h t }i? M) T Ai _t|@?Ui Mi|ii? |i 4L_i*< 4L4i?|t @?_ |i _@|@<
4L4i?|t t }i? M)
E A ' 6E A A 2
5?Ui |t _t|@?Ui _iTi?_t L? ML| A @?_ A 2 i L*_ ThLM@M*) Mi @_ti_ |L 4@!i
_}i4i?|t @ML| i|ih |t _t|@?Ui t *@h}i Lh t4@** _iTi?_?} L? L 4U ?Uih|@?|)
i @i @ML| s |i |hi @*it Lu c |i 4L_i* T@h@4i|ihtc @?_ 2 c |i _@|@< 4L4i?|t
tt4?} |@| A E A t @ iU|Lhc | &c |t @h@?UiUL@h@?Ui 4@|h t }i?
M) |i 4@|h
YEf YEf
Tf ' T
Y
Y
At 4@|h U@? Mi it|4@|i_ UL?tt|i?|*) M) tMt|||?} A uLh f @?_ TA uLh Tf Wic
YE A YE A
TA ' TA
Y
Y
N?_ih |i ?** )TL|itt |@| |i 4L_i*< 4L4i?|t @?_ |i _@|@< 4L4i?|t @hi i^@* ?
_
TLT*@|L? ZA $ 2 E
AihiuLhic M) UL4T|?} ZA uLh @?) T@h Lu 4L_i*< @?_ _@|@< 4L4i?|t i t |L
UL4T@hic i @i @ t4T*i @) Lu _iU_?} i|ih |i 4L_i* t UL?tt|i?| | |@| @tTiU|
Lu |i _@|@ Wu |i |it| t|@|t|U t *@h}ic i ** hiiU| |i ?** )TL|itt |@| |i 4L_i* t
U@T@M*i Lu hiThL_U?} |i _@|@< 4L4i?| ? ^it|L?
f Ai hL}h@4t
W? |t tiU|L? W _itUhMi UL4T|ih ThL}h@4t h||i? ? Aw |@| U@? Mi ti_ |L
it|4@|i @?_ |it| |i ?_tM*i *@MLh 4L_i*c _itUhMi_ ? 5iU|L? e2 Aiti ThL}h@4t
@hi *LU@|i_ L? |i _t! |@| @UUL4T@?it |iti ?L|it Ai tih tL*_ ULT) |i *it @?_
tM_hiU|Lhit L? |i _t! ?|L @ _hiU|Lh) U U@? Mi }i? @?) ?@4i |i tih ULLtitc
t@) Dq=Jzfp AL h? |i ?_tM*i *@MLh ThL}h@4tc LTi? Awc @?_ |)Ti
45Wkh surjudpv zhuh whvwhg lq PDWODE 815 iru Zlqgrzv <82QW1 Wkh| pd| qrw uxq fruuhfwo| lq rwkhu
yhuvlrqv ri PDWODE1 Roghu surjudpv wkdw L zurwh iru JDXVV/ dorqj zlwk qrwhv wkdw ghvfuleh wkhp/ duh
dydlodeoh xsrq uhtxhvw1
e
Q[ QD,=Jzfp,=[p
P>zCP>z_;QD,=Jzfp;
=[p
Ai ht| *?i U@?}it _hiU|Lh) |L |i L?i ? U |i *it uLh |i ?_tM*i *@MLh 4L_i*
@hi *LU@|i_ Ai tiUL?_ *?i @__t |L Aw<t ?|ih?@* ti@hU T@| |i _hiU|Lh) ?
U *it |@| @hi ?iUitt@h) uLh |i it|4@|L? Lu @?) Lu |i 4L_i*t @hi *LU@|i_ Ai *@t|
*?i h?t |i ThL}h@4 ?_t4 U UL?|hL*t |i it|4@|L?
Ai ?i | tiih@* T@}it _ttiU| |i *it ti_ ? it|4@|?} |i ?_tM*i *@MLh 4L_i* |L
ThL_i |i hi@_ih | }_@?Ui |L |ih ti AihiuLhic |i *it |i4ti*it _L ?L| ?U*_i
4@?) UL44i?| *?it W? Lh_ih |L _gihi?|@|i |i UL_i uhL4 i T*@?@|Lh) |i |c W @i ti| @**
UL4T|ih UL_i ? |i z&Pfezfe qJ=z Ai uL**L?} _@}h@4 _itUhMit |i _iTi?_i?Ui
Lu @hLt *it L? i@U L|ih | 4*it Mi?} U@**i_ M) @ ThL}h@4 *LU@|i_ |L |i h}| Lu
| ; ; +
A
A
A
A
A
A
=[pJ'f
A
A A
A =[2J2
A
A
A
A
? zpP2J2
A
A
A
A
A
=[zfpzp A
=[[>z>
A
A A
A
A
A
A
A
A Q[qQQ
A A
=
A
A
A
A
? ; [qf>'
A
A 2{22fee {22fee
=[p A
A
A
A
A
A
A ? pdQ>'Q
A
A
A {22fpz Z>[2=
A
A A
A
A A
A
A
A
A A
A Q[qQQ
A
A A
=
A
A
A
[qf>'
A
A
A
A Pq'zfe
A
=
=[2P =[pJ'f
Ai *it Q[q=2c Q[q=Q2c @?_ Q[qQ2 @hi ?L| ti_ M) @?) Lu |i L|ih 4*it Ai)
@hi ?U*_i_ uLh |i hi@_ih<t UL?i?i?Ui Ai) UL4T|i |i *iu||@* Lu @ ?Lh4@*c |i h}|
|@* Lu @ ?Lh4@*c @?_ |i |i *iu||@* Lu @ 2 _t|hM|L? hitTiU|i*) Ai *i [pP2J22
t ?L| U@**i_ M) @?) Lu |i hL|?it ti_ uLh |i ?_tM*i *@MLh i @4T*i W| t t4*@h |L
zpP2J22 @?_ ** Mi _itUhMi_ Mhi) Mi*L
`i Mi}? M) _itUhM?} |i 4*it |L |i i |hi4i h}|c @?_ i ** Lh! M@U!@h_
|L@h_ ?_t4 Ai ht| *i t =[pJ'f2c U _i?it @ u?U|L? |@!?} D T@h@4i|iht
Lu |i 4L_i* @t @h}4i?|t @?_ ThL_?} L|T| i^@* |L |i *?i@h3i_ _iUtL? h*it
U@hiu* i @4?@|L? Lu |@| 4L_i* tLt |@| |i L?*) T@h@4i|iht U 4@||ih uLh |i
*?i@h3i_ tL*|L? @hi q EKfz> c k E>'P> c *?Ef E'={>22c B E[f'z> @?_ 4 EeJ
Ai ?i | T@h| Lu |i UL_i _i?it tL4i T@h@4i|iht @?_ tL4i t|i@_) t|@|i @*it =Q t |i
?4Mih Lu UL?|hL* @h@M*it ES @?_ c =p t |i ?4Mih Lu t|@|i @h@M*it E&c =Qp t |i
?4Mih Lu ULt|@|i @h@M*it Ebc =f t |i ?4Mih Lu i L}i?Lt @h@M*it E @?_ =q t
46Qrwlfh wkdw wkh ohv iru wkh lqglylvleoh oderu prgho duh orfdwhg lq d vxegluhfwru| fdoohg lqglylv1 Wkhuh
duh vlplodu ohv orfdwhg iru wkh glylvleoh oderu prgho lq wkh vxegluhfwru| glylvle1 Wkh gluhfwru| fh4<<5
frqwdlqv ohv iru Fkulvwldqr dqg Hlfkhqedxp*v +4<<5, lqglylvleoh oderu prgho zlwk jryhuqphqw sxufkdvhv/
dqg vwrfkdvwlf jurzwk1 Wkh gluhfwru| ehu4<<6 frqwdlqv ohv iru Exuqvlgh/ Hlfkhqedxp dqg Uhehor*v +4<<6,
oderu krduglqj prgho1 Wkh pdlq gluhfwru| frqwdlqv ohv wkdw duh xvhg lq hvwlpdwlqj dq| ri wkh prghov1
D
|i ?4Mih Lu @__|L?@* @h@M*it E+c + ?c c o @?_ |i ?|ihit| h@|i 2 t > _i?i_ ?
5iU|L? e
q=QzJ= 2$=[pJ'fCKfz>a_>'P>a_'={>22_[f'z>_eJ %
=Q$0 %
=p$ %
=Qp$ %
=f$ %
=q$B %
{>22>$fPC'={>22 %
&e>zJ$C>'P>a"C{>22>"Kfz>aC[f'z> %
&e>zJ$C{>22>C[f'z>6&e>zJ %
Q&e>zJ$&e>zJ %
2$C{>22>Kfz>a6C[f'z>"{>22>%
2$>'P>a62 %
2=$>'P>a62 %
u|ih |t tiU|L? | t TLttM*i |L _i?i |i 4@|hUit _i?i_ ? 5iU|L? ec U @hi
uu
2QQ $ b d
d >'P>a l %
2Qp $ b d
>'P>a l %
2Qf $ b d
l %
2ppd $ b 2
{>22>6&e>zJ d l %
2pp $ b d
>'P>akC[f'z>6&e>zJ d l %
2pQd $ b d 2=
d d l %
2pQ $ b d d
Q&e>zJ >'P>a l %
2pfd $ b 2
d l %
2pf $ b d
l %
qQ $ b d >'P>a
d >'P>a
Q&e>zJ"&e>zJ >'P>a"&e>zJ
S
d 2=
d l %
q $ b >'P>a
>'P>a
C>'P>a"&e>zJ
2
d l % F zJ Kf P[>zf[ Kf'J
qf $ b
"&e>zJ
2
d l % F zJ Kf P[>zf[ Kf'J
Ai i}i?@*it @?_ i}i?iU|Lht Lu ` @hi UL4T|i_ Ai *@t| *?i ? |t tiU|L? ?Lh4@*3it
|i i}i?iU|Lht tL |@| |i) @i ?Lh4 Ai tL*|L? t ?@h@?| |L |t ?Lh4@*3@|L?c
M| | i*Tt |L tU@*i |?}t
bPe_'>2Kel$f{C%
W? |i ?i | tiU|L? |i i}i?@*it @?_ i}i?iU|Lht @hi tLh|i_ ? @tUi?_?} Lh_ih @t t}}it|i_
M) |i tL*|L? 4i|L_ Lu 5iU|L? Ai? |i 4@|hUitc \c c EPpc - @?_ ' @hi MhL!i?
3
>'>2K$>KpC[>{C'>2Ke %
b'>2Kp_'>2K1l$pJezC>'>2K %
'>2K[>$'>2KeC'>2K1_'>2K1 %
P$PeCD_'>2K1 %
'>2K$'>2K[>CD=p_D=p %
'>2K0$'>2K[>C=pkD=pk=Qp_=pkD=pk=Qp %
P$PCD=p_D=p %
P0$PCD=p_=pkD=pk=Qp %
P0$PC=pkD=pk=Qp_D=p %
P00$PC=pkD=pk=Qp_=pkD=pk=Qp %
.
Pp$=CP %
Pp$PpCD=p_D=p %
Pp0$PpCD=p_=pkD=pk=Qp %
Pp0$PpC=pkD=pk=Qp_D=p %
Pp00$PpC=pkD=pk=Qp_=pkD=pk=Qp %
ef$eCD=p_D=f %
e'f$eC=pkD=pk=Qp_D=f %
Zf$ZCD=p_D=f %
Z'f$ZC=pkD=pk=Qp_D=f %
W? |i ?i | tiU|L? |i 4@|hUit xf @?_ x @hi _i?i_ Ai? |i 4@|h [ t UL4T|i_ hL
M) hL M) *LLT?} Lih |i hLt
Pd$Pp06efkPp006e'f %
P$Pp06ZfkPp006Z'f %
Pp$1feJpC=Qp_=f %
qJe $D=Qp
PpC_D$CPdC_D6eJkPC_D6=Cf&fC=feJ"'>2K0C_"'>2K0C_ %
f=[
i |c |i 4@|hUit U i Thitt %|n @t @ u?U|L? Lu %| @?_ 5| @hi UL4T|i_ Aiti @hi
_i?L|i_ @?_ f hitTiU|i*) Aiti
@hi UL4M?i_ ?|L |i 4@|h pJ' U *i|t )L
i Thitt %|n @t @ u?U|L? Lu r| ' %| 5| 54*@h*)c |i tL*|L? uLh b| ? |ih4t Lu r| t
}i? M) pJ'' *i |i tL*|L? uLh |i UL?|hL*t t }i? M) pJ'Q @?_ |i tL*|L? uLh |i
L|ih @h@M*it Lu ?|ihit| t }i? M) pJ'q Ai ?|ihit| h@|i i^@|L? t @*tL T_@|i_ ihi
Ai tih 4t| i?thi |@| |t T@h| Lu |i UL_i hi4@?t @*_ | @*|ih?@|i 4L_i*t
$P6'>2K6=CP %
f$CP6'>2K6Pp0kP06'>2K06Pp006=CPp006Ppkef6eJkZf %
pJ'$b f l %
'$=CPp006Pp0 %
'f$=CPp006Pp %
pJ''$b' 'fl %
Q'$=C2QQ62Qp %
Qf$=C2QQ62Qf %
pJ'Q$b Q'6b f&fC=p % ' l Q'6b 1feJpC=p_=f % 'f lkQf l %
H
qCB_D$pJ'QC_D=p6 %
qfCB_D$pJ'QC_D=p6fkpJ'QC_=pkD=pk=f6eJ %
pJ'q$b q qf lkqQ6pJ'Q %
6?@**)c |i t|@U!i_ 4@|hUit hiuihhi_ |L ? 5iU|L? Sc @?_ M @hi _i?i_ Ai? UL?|hL* t
hi|h?i_ |L |i ThL}h@4 |@| U@**i_ |t 4*i
Ai ?i | 4*i zpP2J22 UL4T|it |i 4T*U@|L?t Lu @ |hi?_ t|@|L?@h) 4L_i* uLh |i
4L4i?|t Lu O *|ihi_ _@|@ At ThLUi_hi |@!it @t @h}4i?|t |i UL@h@?Ui 4@|h Lu
"| c P Lh p{2>c [e'fp U t t4T*) @ *@h}i 4@|h UL?|@??} @?_ Mc @?_ =QJeec
|i ?4Mih Lu @|LUL@h@?Uit )L @?| |L U@*U*@|i | |i Mi}???} Lu |i ThLUi_hi |
_i|ih4?it U T@h| Lu [e'fp t @?_ U t M Ai? | _i?it p{ U t t|
# $
f f
f P
q=QzJ= bq>Q_q>Qel$zpP2J2Cp{2>_[e'fp_=QJee %
b=f_=f0l$p1fCp{2> %
b=&_=pl$p1fC[e'fp %
=p$=p=f %
2$[e'fpCD=fk=p_D %
$[e'fpC=fk=pkD=&_D %
p{$1feJpC=pk=f_=pk=f %
p{C=pkD=pk=f_=pkD=pk=f$p{2> %
be_[el$f{C2 %
[e$[>{C[e %
p{z$=Ce6p{6=Ce; %
{>22zd$CJ=fpC=pk=f_=pk=f"CJ=fpC=pk=f_=pk=feJ=C[e_[e;6p{z %
{>22d$e6{>22zd6Ce; %
b
Ai ht| 4@|h ? |i ?i | tiU|L?c EK{c _i?it |i t|@U!i_ iU|Lh
r| b| | s|
? |ih4t Lu r| Ai T@h@4i|iht EK>pf @?_ 2>q @hi |i t@4i @t @?_ ? 5iU|L? . L?
|i O *|ih Ai iU|Lh P> UL?|@?t |i i}|t ? |i O U)U*U@* *|ih
K{$b f&fC=pk=f % l %
K>pf$E%
2>q$d%
P$CDD2>q; %
2$C2>qDD; %
P>P$CdE^cuP6CddBO6QJpCP6d0kddBBE6p=CP6d0 %
P>2$CdE^cu26CddBO6QJpC26d0kddBBE6p=C26d0 %
P>$b P>2 % CddBO6QJpCdkddBBE6p=Cd % P>P l %
Ai ?i | tiU|L? _Lit |i *@h}i _LM*i t44@|L?t ti_ ? 5iU|L? . |L @TThL 4@|i |i
@|LUL@h@?Uit Lu O *|ihi_ _@|@ N*|4@|i*) |i @|LUL@h@?Uit uLh ' fc c =QJee @hi
t|Lhi_ ? |i 4@|h q>Q vL U@? |?! Lu |t 4@|h @t Mi?} Lu |i uLh4
q>Q ' K+f K+ K+c=QJee
ihi
|i + tMtUhT|
t| t}?it |@| |iti @hi |i @|LUL@h@?Uit Lu |i t|@U!i_ iU|Lhc
r| b| | s| t Aw T@ttit |hL} |iti ?it|i_ *LLTt | t i@*@|?} |i
@|LUL@h@?Uit uLh *@} & W| t|@h|t M) }i||?} |i &| @|LUL@h@?Ui Lu O *|ihi_ r| |
|ti*u Ai *LLT Lih igiU|i*) @UUL4T*tit |t ?Ui |i @|LUL@h@?Ui Lu r| t !?L?
| t t|h@}|uLh@h_ |L }i| |i @|LUL@h@?Ui Lu |i O *|ihi_ t|@U!i_ iU|Lh t?Ui | t
t| @ *?i@h u?U|L? Lu r|
{>22q$eJ=C1feJpC_=QJeek_1feJpC=pk=f_=pk=f %
q>Q$1feJpC=&_C=QJeek6=& %
qJe $dD=QJee
qJe $dDK>pf
q $$d
{>22${>22d %
{>22qCD_6C=pk=fkDCk6C=pk=f$
{>22qCD_6C=pk=fkDCk6C=pk=fk
{>226CP>CkD062>qk_;6P>CD062>qk_ %
f'pf
{>22$26{>22 %
q $
{>22qCD_6C=pk=fkDCk6C=pk=f$
{>22qCD_6C=pk=fkDCk6C=pk=fk
ef
{>226CP>CkD062>qk_;6P>CD062>qkk_k
{>22;6CP>CkkD062>qk_;6P>CD062>qk_ %
f'pf
{>22qCD_6C=pk=fkDCk6C=pk=f$
{>22qCD_6C=pk=fkDCk6C=pk=fk
{>226CP>CD062>qkk_;6P>CkD062>qk_k
{>22;6CP>CkkD062>qk_;6P>CD062>qk_ %
f=[
f=[
f=[
q>QCD_6=&kDCk6=&$
K{6{>22qCD_6C=pk=fkDCk6C=pk=f6CK{; %
f=[
6?@**) |i ThLUi_hi }i|t |i t|@?_@h_ _i@|L?t Lu |i O *|ihi_ _@|@ @?_ tit |iti
|L _i?i |i @|LULhhi*@|L?t U @hi t|Lhi_ ? @ 4@|h | |i t@4i t@Ti @t |i
@|LUL@h@?Ui 4@|h Ai hit*|t uLh ML| @hi hi|h?i_ |L |i U@**?} 4*i
p[$pZezC[>{Cq>QCD=&_D=& %
zQJee$eJ=Cp[_p[; %
q>Qe$q>Q"eJ=CJ=fpC_=QJeek_zQJee %
i | i @i |i 4*i {22fee2 At *i _i?it |i B ihhLht Ai ?@4i Lu |t *i
U@??L| Mi U@?}i_ M) |i tih 6Lh4@**)c |t ThLUi_hi _i?it |i A 6 4@|h Lti ||
hL t |i B ihhLh |ih4c s E%| c Ai tih U@? |?! Lu |t ThLUi_hi @t _i??} |i
4L4i?| hit|hU|L?t ti_ |L it|4@|i |i T@h@4i|iht `| |i ht| H T@h@4i|iht Lh_ihi_
@t wc *?Ec 4c jc + c *?Ef c B @?_ kc | tL*_ Mi U*i@h |@| |i iU|Lht |hL} E
_i?i |i B ihhLh |ih4t uLh |i i}| ,*ih i^@|L?t *t|i_ ? 5iU|L? b Ai 4L4i?|
hit|hU|L?t ti_ |L it|4@|i |i _@|@ 4L4i?|t @hi @t uL**Lt
k l
2
. +Rc| j+2 ' f
5 # $2 6
jS
. 7S2Rc| 2 8
+Rc| ' f
j+
5 # $2 6
j
. 72Rc| 2 8
+Rc| ' f
j+
5 # $2 6
j?
. 7?2Rc| 2 8
+Rc| ' f
j+
5 # $2 6
7?2
j? 2
. Rc| E+ ?Rc| 8 ' f
j+ ? 3
Ai R tMtUhT| t4T*) _i?L|it |i O U)U*U@* UL4TL?i?| Lu |i |4i tihit ? ^it|L?
Ai _@|@ @hi hiULihi_ uhL4 |i }*LM@* @h@M*i [>z> t i ** tii Mi*Lc |t UL*4?t @hic
? Lh_ihc |i *ii*t Lu UL?t4T|L? Ec ?it|4i?| E2c L|T| Ec Lht Ee @?_ U@T|@* EDc
e
uL**Li_ M) O *|ihi_ UL?t4T|L? ESc ?it|4i?| E.c L|T| EHc Lht Eb @?_ @ih@}i
ThL_U||) Ef
q=QzJ= ${22feeCK
{'JK>' [>z> %
[fP$C[>z>C0DB_B[>z>CDc_0"[>z>CDc_B %
z$CDD
; %
zd$CdDDc; %
Kfz>a$d
uC0B %
'J{>$'J{C[>z>CDB_
'J{C[>z>CDB_B6CKCE_
'J{C[>z>CDB_c6KCE_zd6KCO_6KCE_ %
$J=fpC
_6KC_KCE_6[>z>C0Dc_
"C[>z>C0Dc_6[>z>C0Dc_c %
0$'J{>C0Dc_KC0_'J{>CD
_6KC
_ %
$06'J{>CD
_ %
c$0u0KCc_u0 %
B$'J{C[>z>C0Dc_
KCB_z6KCO_ %
O$B6z"
%
+$[fPC0Dc_KC+_ %
E$Kfz>a6C[>z>C0Dc_"[>z>C
DB_6CCKCE_6[>z>C
DB_
"
[>z>C
DB_BkKC+_ %
^$[>z>C0Dc_Eu0KC^_u0 %
d$[>z>C0Dc_Ou0KCd_u06[>z>C0Dc_Eu0 %
$[>z>C0Dc_+u0KC_u06[>z>C0Dc_Eu0 %
0$[>z>C0Dc_^u0KC0_u06[>z>C0Dc_Eu0 %
$[>z>C0Dc_^u0KC
_u06[>z>C0Dc_du0 %
$b 0
c B O + E ^ d 0
l %
Ai *i Q[qQQ2 t ti_ |L UL4T|i |i h}|@?_ |@* Lu @ 2 _t|hM|L? W|<t ht|
@h}4i?| t |i t|@|t|U uLh U |i |@* @hi@ t |L Mi i@*@|i_ W|<t tiUL?_ @h}4i?| t
|i ?4Mih Lu _i}hiit Lu uhii_L4
q=QzJ= &$Q[qQQC_[
&${>22>=QC"0_["0 %
Ai *i [qf>'2 UL4T|it ?4ihU@* }h@_i?|t Lu iU|Lh@*i_ u?U|L?t | iU|Lh @h
}4i?|t W|<t ht| @h}4i?|c qc t |i ?@4i Lu |i 4*i |@| _i?it |i u?U|L? |L Mi
_gihi?|@|i_ W|<t tiUL?_ @h}4i?|c qdc t |i @*i Lu |i u?U|L? @| |i TL?| Lu _gih
i?|@|L?c d Ai uLh| @h}4i?|c [c t @ t|iT*i?}| |L ti ? UL4T|?} |i _ih@|it
Wu |t t ti| |L fc @ _iu@*| t|iT*i?}| ** Mi ti_
q=QzJ= [q$[qf>'Cq_qd_d_[
b=_=Ql$p1fCqd %
b_=Ql$p1fCd %
e2
[q$1feJpC=_ %
q [$$d
>$>KpCd %
[2$f&fC6C[6J=fpC_ %
qJe $D
[$[2CD_ %
[qCD_$qf>'Cq_dk[qf>'Cq_d[ %
f=[
[q$[q"CJ=fpC=_6C[;60 %
q=QzJ= 2$2{22feeCKd
2$2f>=C{22feeCKd; %
Ai 4*i pdQ>'Q2 UL4T|it 7 A @t T@h| Lu |i B ThLUi_hi Ai T@h@4i|iht z @?_
' UL?|hL* |i UL4T|@|L? Lu 7 A `i? z'fc |i tih t 4TLt?} |i @tt4T|L? |@|
|i B ihhLht @hi Lh|L}L?@* |L *@}}i_ ?uLh4@|L? 6Lh i@U Lu |i L|ih 4i|L_t |i
tih t UL4T|?}
A k
[ l
[ A k
[ l
7 A ' s E%| c A s E%| c A n
uEc s E%| c A s E%| c A
3
' |'
ihi '' @?_ uEc t @ T@h|U*@h |)Ti Lu *@} ?_L `i? z'c uEc ' c
@?_ |i tih t igiU|i*) 4TLt?} |@| |i B ihhLht @i @? E t|hU|hi At
@TThL@U t ?L| }@h@?|ii_ |L *i@_ |L @ TLt|i ti4_i?|i 7 A Ai L|ih 4i|L_t @hi
@TThLTh@|i uLh U@tit ihi |i B ihhLht 4@) @i @? ??|i Lh_ih @?_ @hi _itUhMi_
M) ii) @?_ `it| EbH. Ai *@} *i?}|c c tL*_ Mi ?Uhi@ti_ | |i t@4T*i t3ic A c
uLh UL?tt|i?U)c M| ? ?|i t@4T*it |ihi @hi ?L @h_ @?_ u@t| h*it @ML| L |L ULLti
6Lh z'2c uEc ' *E n c *i uLh z'c
; 2
A
? S
n n S n uLh E n *2
uEc '
A 2
= L|ihti
n
6Lh |i |)Ti Lu it|4@|L? _itUhMi_ ? 5iU|L? bc |i B ihhLht ** @i @hM|h@h) tih@*
ULhhi*@|L? tL |@| L?i Lu |i *@||ih 4i|L_t tL*_ Mi ti_
e
q=QzJ= pd$pdQ>'QC_z_'
b?_l$p1fC %
pd$C;6"? %
q zx$d
q z$$
qJe $D'
pd$CCkD?_D;6CD?_D"? %
pd$pdkpdkCpd; %
f=[
f'pfq z$$0
qJe $D'
pd$CCkD?_D;6CD?_D"? %
pd$pdkCpdkCpd;6C"C'k %
f=[
f'pf
qJe $D'
pd$CCkD?_D;6CD?_D"? %
q CC'k"0
q>Q$O6C"C'ku0kO6C"C'ku
%
f'pf
q>Q$06CC"C'ku
%
f=[
pd$pdkCpdkCpd;6q>Q %
f=[
f=[
f=[
Ai *i Z>[2=2 t |i 4*i |@| 4?43it |i B LMiU|i u?U|L? uLh @ }i?
i}|?} 4@|h c `A W| 44Ut |i B UL_i h||i? M) O@?ti?c Oi@|L? @?_ }@!
Ebb2 uLh BN55 W| @t tiih@* @h}4i?|t 6ht|c t q=Qc U t |i ?@4i Lu |i 4*i
|@| _i?it |i 4i@?t Lu |i B ihhLht 5iUL?_ t dc U t |i ?|@* @*i Lu |i
T@h@4i|ih iU|Lh Ah_ t zJ'c @ UL?ih}i?Ui Uh|ihL? _i?i_ L? |i tU@*i_ }h@_i?|t
Lu |i B LMiU|i u?U|L? At @t ?L _iu@*| @*i tL | 4t| Mi ti| M) |i tih
54*@h*)c =zfe2> t |i 4@ 44 ?4Mih Lu |ih@|L?t Lih |i T@h@4i|ih iU|Lh @**Li_c
@?_ | @t ?L _iu@*| @*i 6?@**)c L? i@U |ih@|L? Lih |i T@h@4i|ihtc |i 4?43ih
|hit |L |@!i @ t|iT ? @ _hiU|L? t}}it|i_ M) |i }h@_i?|t Lu |i LMiU|i u?U|L? Wu @
u** t|iT _Lit ?L| }L _L?**c |i? |i t|iT *i?}| t U| ? @*u At ThLUitt UL?|?it ?|*
ee
@ *Lih TL?| t uL?_ Ai T@h@4i|ih ppzJ' T|t @ *4| L? L t4@** @ t|iT t Tih4||i_
Ai L|T| Lu |i u?U|L? t |i 4?43?} TL?|c |i @*i Lu |i B LMiU|i @| |@|
TL?|c @?_ |i ?4Mih Lu |ih@|L?t | |LL! |L LM|@? |i 4?44
Ai ht| T@h| Lu |i UL_i _i?it |i i}|?} 4@|h c `A c @t @ }*LM@* @h@M*i W| ?_t
|i t3i Lu |i ?|@* T@h@4i|ih iU|Lhc d W| |i? i@*@|it |i 4i@?t Lu |i B ihhLhtc
@| dc _i?L|i_ {d W| @*tL UL4T|it |i _ih@|it Lu |iti 4i@?tc _i?L|i_ [{dc | hitTiU|
|L |i T@h@4i|ih iU|Lh
q=QzJ= b_q_=zfel$Z>[2=Cq=Q_d_zJ'_=zfe2>_ppzJ' %
{'JK>' 2>zea %
b_=Ql$p1fCd %
{d$qf>'Cq=Q_d %
[{d$[qf>'Cq=Q_{d_d_d %
Ai ?i | T@h| Lu |i UL_i UL4T|it |i ?|@* @*i Lu |i B LMiU|i u?U|L?c qdc
@?_ |t _ih@|it | hitTiU| |L |i T@h@4i|ihtc [qd ? ?|@* L|ihThL_U| 4i|L_
@TThL 4@|L? |L |i ?ihti Oitt@? t |i? UL4T|i_G d Ai ?|@* iU|Lh Lu _hiU|L?t
? U |L |h) |L 4Li |i T@h@4i|ih iU|Lh t }i? M) c @?_ t [qd tU@*i_ M) d Ai
T@h@4i|iht U !iiT |h@U! Lu i|ih |i UL?ih}i?Ui Uh|ihL? @t Mii? t@|ti_ Lh ?L|
@?_ |i ?4Mih Lu |ih@|L?t @hi @*tL ?|@*3i_
qd${d;62>zea6{d %
[qd${d;62>zea6[{d %
d$=C[{d;62>zea6[{d %
$d6C[qd; %
QJ=Qez$d %
=zfe$ %
Ai ?i | T@h| Lu |i UL_i t i iU|i_ u |i UL?ih}i?Ui Uh|ihL? @t ?L| )i| Mii? t@|ti_
At t |hi @t *L?} @t QJ=Qez'f Ai ?i | T@h| Lu |i UL_i ?|@*3it pc |i t3i Lu |i
t|iT |L |@!i ? |i _hiU|L?t t}}it|i_ M) `i? p' @ u** t|iT t |@!i? t *L?}
@t p _Lit ?L| MiUL4i |LL t4@**c t4@**ih @?_ t4@**ih t|iTt @hi |@!i? ?|* @ *Lih @*i
Lu |i B LMiU|i t LM|@?i_ Ai? zfpz t UL4T|i_ |L tii u |i tU@*i_ }h@_i?|t
t@|tu) |ih UL?ih}i?Ui Uh|ihL?c zJ' Wu |i) _Lc Lh u |i 4@ 44 ?4Mih Lu |ih@|L?t
@t Mii? i Uii_i_c |i ThLUitt t|LTt Wu ?L|c |i u?U|L? @*itc _ih@|itc @TThL 4@|i
?ihti Oitt@? @?_ t}}it|i_ _hiU|L?t uLh 4?43@|L? @hi hiUL4T|i_c @?_ |i ThLUitt
t hiTi@|i_
'f QJ=Qez$$d
p$ %
'f p9ppzJ'
eD
[$p6 %
$dk[ %
{$qf>'Cq=Q_ %
q${;62>zea6{ %
q qqd
{d${ %
qd$q %
d$ %
p$d %
f=[
p$p6dB %
f=[
zfpza$2>C >KpC"C 2>Cb >KpCd J=fpC_ l;; %
q =zfe$$=zfe2>
QJ=Qez$ %
f'pfq zfpzazJ'
QJ=Qez$ %
f'pf
[{d$[qf>'Cq=Q_{d_d_d %
[qd${d;62>zea6[{d %
d$=C[{d;62>zea6[{d %
$d6C[qd; %
f=[
=zfe$=zfek %
f=[
Ai *i {22fpz2 UL?|hL*t |i B it|4@|L? W| @t @t @h}4i?|tc Kdc |i ?|@* T@
h@4i|ih iU|Lhc =pzfPc |i ?4Mih Lu t|iTt Lih |i i}|?} 4@|h |L |@!ic =2>c |i
4@ 44 ?4Mih Lu |ih@|L?t L? @?) L?i t|iT Lih |i i}|?} 4@|h c zJ'c |i UL?ih
}i?Ui Uh|ihL? L? |i }h@_i?|t L? i@U t|iT Lih |i i}|?} 4@|h c dq'>{c |i |)Ti Lu
?|@* i}|?} 4@|h c dc |i ?|@* i}|?} 4@|h u |i _iu@*|t @hi ?L| _ithi_c z&Pf
@?_ '{zc |i T@h@4i|iht z @?_ ' Lu |i pdQ>'Q ThLUi_hic @?_ ppzJ'c |i |L*ih@?Ui L?
t|iT *i?}| ? |i ** U*4M?} @*}Lh|4 Etii Z>[2=2 Wu dq'>{'f @? _i?||) 4@|h
t ti_ uLh |i ?|@* i}|?} 4@|h Wu dq'>{'c |i i}|?} 4@|h t ?|@*3i_ |L
i^@* |i ?ihti Lu 7 A i@*@|i_ @| |i t|@h|?} T@h@4i|ih iU|Lh |ihtic |i tih 4t|
T@tt @ u** i}|?} 4@|h d |L {22fpz2 L|Ui |@| |i i}|?} 4@|h t @*@)t
_i?i_ @t @ }*LM@* @h@M*i Ai L|T| Lu {22fpz2 t @ iU|Lh Lu T@h@4i|iht it|4@|itc Kc
@ @h@?Ui UL@h@?Ui 4@|h c c @?_ @ @*i Lu |i B LMiU|i u?U|L?c Z
q=QzJ= bK__Zl${22fpzCKd_=pzfP_=2>_zJ'_dq'>{_d_z&Pf_'{z_ppzJ'
{'JK>' 2>zea %
b=K_=Kl$p1fCKd %
eS
d${22feeCKd %
b?_l$p1fCd %
q dq'>{$$d
2>zea$f&fC %
f'pfq dq'>{$$
2>zea$=CpdQ>'QC_z&Pf_'{z %
f'pf
2>zea$d %
f=[
bK_Z_=zfel$Z>[2=C;2{22fee;_Kd_zJ'_=2>_ppzJ' %
q =zfe9=2>
;>e=={D 2>22 zfe>zJ=p ef>Qf[;
f=[
${22feeCK %
{d$2f>=C; %
[{$[qf>'C;2{22fee;_{d_K_d %
[[$=C[{;62>zea6[{ %
pd$pdQ>'QC_z&Pf_'{z %
;>e>2fzfep;
b K l
zfe$ %
2>zea$=Cpd %
Kd$K %
bK_Z_=zfel$Z>[2=C;2{22fee;_Kd_zJ'_=2>_ppzJ' %
q =zfe9=2>
;>e=={D 2>22 zfe>zJ=p ef>Qf[;
f=[
e.
{d$qf>'C;2{22fee;_K %
[{$[qf>'C;2{22fee;_{d_K_d %
$C=C[{;62>zea6[{"? %
p[$pZezC[>{C %
zfe$zfek %
f=[
`Lh!?} Lh @) ?c |i ?i | 4*i =[2J22 |@!it |i T@h@4i|ih iU|Lh @t @? @h}4i?|
W| |i? U@**t |i *i =[pJ'f2 |L _i|ih4?i |i _iUtL? h*it Ai?c }i? |i _iUtL?
h*itc | U@**t zpP2J22 |L U@*U*@|i |i @|LUL@h@?Uit @?_ @|LULhhi*@|L?t Lu O *|ihi_
_@|@ 4T*i_ M) |i 4L_i* Ai 4L4i?|t i @hi ?|ihit|i_ ? @hi
j+ jS j j? j? 4?c+ ?
j+ j+ j+ j+3? 3
5?Ui |iti @hi @** M@ti_ L? UL?|i4TLh@?iLt hi*@|L?tTt |i T@h@4i|ih =QJee t ti| |L f
Aiti 4L4i?|t @hi |i? hi|h?i_ |L |i U@**?} ThL}h@4
q=QzJ= 22$=[2J2CK
Kfz>a$d
uC0B %
p{2>$KCc_ % p{2>$p{2>6p{2> %
[e'fp$=[pJ'fCKfz>a_KCE__KCO__KC+__KC
_ %
bq>Q_q>Qel$zpP2J2Cp{2>_[e'fp_d %
p[$pZezC[>{Cq>Q %
eH
|@| |i *@t| 4L4i?| 4?c+ ? t _i?i_ ? |ih4t Lu |i L|iht Wu |t T@h@4i|ih ihi it|4@|i_
3
q=QzJ= [2$=[[>z>CK
[2$b KC^D
_ %
CKC^_u0KC0_u06KC^_u0KC
_uC06KC0_u06KC^_u0"
C06KC
_uC6KC0_u06KC^_u0 l %
L?} ? @}@? i @i =[zfpzp2 W| tit |i it|4@|i_ T@h@4i|ih iU|Lhc Kc @?_ |t
@h@?UiUL@h@?Ui 4@|h c >eKc |L UL4T|i |i |it| t|@|t|Ut @?_ |ih @ttLU@|i_ T@*it
Ai 4i|L_t L|*?i_ ? 5iU|L? . @hi ti_ |L UL4T|i |i 4L_i* 4L4i?|t E}i?ih@|i_ M)
=[2J22c |i _@|@ 4L4i?|t E}i?ih@|i_ M) =[[>z>2c @?_ |ih t|@?_@h_ ihhLht Ai?
| U@*U*@|it |i |it| t|@|t|U Z @?_ T@*i @ttLU@|i_ | |i _gihi?Ui Mi|ii? i@U
4L_i*< 4L4i?| @?_ |i ULhhitTL?_?} _@|@< 4L4i?| Aiti hit*|t @hi |i? Th?|i_ ?
|@M*@h uLh4
q=QzJ= zpzp$=[zfpzpCK_>eK
22$=[2J2CK %
b=2_=20l$p1fC22 %
{2$[qf>'C;=[2J2;_22_K_d %
[2$=[[>z>CK %
{[$[qf>'C;=[[>z>;_[2_K_d %
2$1feJpC=2_ %
[$1feJpC=2_ %
zfpz$1feJpC=2_ %
P$1feJpC=2_ %
qJe $D=2
2C_${2C_D6>eK6C{2C_D; %
[C_${[C_D6>eK6C{[C_D; %
zfpz=$22C_[2C_ %
zfpz[$C{2C_D{[C_D6>eK6CC{2C_D{[C_D; %
zfpzC_$Czfpz=u0"zfpz[ %
PC_$Q[qQQCzfpzC__ %
f=[
pZ2$pZezC2 %
pZ[$pZezC[ %
eb
zpzp$b22 pZ2 [2 pZ[ zfpz Pl %
zpzp
q=QzJ= &$Pq'zfeC_'>2K
b[_l$p1fC %
>$1feJpC[_[ %
qJe $
D[0
>C_$O6'>2Kk%
>C_k$c6'>2K%
>C_k0$'>2K%
>C_0$'>2K%
>C_$c6'>2K%
f=[
>C0_0$kB6'>2K%
>C0_
$c6'>2K%
>C0_c$'>2K%
>C0_$06'>2K%
>C_$k'>2K%
>C_0$06'>2K%
>C_
$'>2K %
>C[_[$B6'>2Kk%
>C[_[$06'>2K%
>C[_[0$c6'>2K%
>C[_[
$'>2K%
>C[_[$k'>2K%
>C[_[$06'>2K%
>C[_[0$'>2K%
&$Cf&fC[=C>6 %
Ai *@t| 4*i U@**i_ M) =[p2 t =[2P2 W| UL4T|it |i 4T*ti hitTL?ti u?U|L?t
Lu |iU?L*L})c UL?t4T|L?c Lhtc L|T|c @ih@}i ThL_U||) @?_ ?it|4i?| ? hitTL?ti
|L |iU?L*L}) ??L@|L?t T |L =2P TihL_t ? |i T@t| W| |@!it |i T@h@4i|ih iU|Lh
@?_ =2P @t @h}4i?|t *@h}i T@h| Lu |i UL_i t UL?Uih?i_ | Mi@|u)?} |i }h@TUt
L|T| L4T|?} |i _iUtL? h*it t _L?i M) U@**?} =[pJ'f2 Ai 4T*ti hitTL?tit
@hi }i?ih@|i_ hiUhti*) @t _itUhMi_ ? 5iU|L? S
q=QzJ= eq$=[2PCK_=2P
Kfz>a$d
uC0B %
Df
p{2>$KCc_ % p{2>$p{2>6p{2> %
[e'fp$=[pJ'fCKfz>a_KCE__KCO__KC+__KC
_ %
b=f_=f0l$p1fCp{2> %
b=&_=pl$p1fC[e'fp %
=p$=p=f %
2$[e'fpCD=fk=p_D %
$[e'fpC=fk=pkD=&_D %
eq$1feJpC=2P_^ %
qJe $D=2P
q $$
eqp$f&fC=pk=f %
f'pf
eqp$26eqp %
f=[
eqq$6eqp %
eqC_$eqpC=pk_=pk %
eqC_0$eqpC_=pk %
eqC_
$eqqC0_=pk %
eqC_c$eqqC
_=pk %
eqC_B$eqqCc_=pk %
eqC_O$eqqCB_=pk %
eqC_+$eqqCO_=pk %
eqC_E$eqqC+_=pk %
eqC_^$eqqCE_=pk %
f=[
z$CDD=2P; %
1fep$1feJpC=2P_ %
q{efC
pKP'JzC00
P'JzCz_b eqCD_ 1fepl
zz'fC;;
pfzC{Q>_;gs2;_bd =2Pkl %
pKP'JzC000
P'JzCz_b eqCD_c eqCD_O 1fep l
zz'fC;M >=[ r";
pfzC{Q>_;gs2;_bd =2Pkl %
pKP'JzC00
P'JzCz_b eqCD_
eqCD_+ 1fep l
D
zz'fC; >=[ S;
pfzC{Q>_;gs2;_bd =2Pkl %
pKP'JzC00c
P'JzCz_b eqCD_B eqCD_0 1fep l
zz'fC;r >=[ h;
pfzC{Q>_;gs2;_bd =2Pkl %
Ai 4@? ThL}h@4 |@| UL?|hL*t it|4@|L? @?_ |it|?} t =[p2 | |i Mi}???}
@hi tiih@* tiU|L?t |i tih tL*_ U@?}i _iTi?_?} L? |i 4L_i* Mi?} it|4@|i_ 6ht|c
|i t|@h|?} @*it Lu |i T@h@4i|ih iU|Lh @hi _i?i_ ? Kpz>ez Ai T@h@4i|iht Mi?}
it|4@|i_ ? Lh ?_tM*i *@MLh i @4T*i Etii @MLi @hi
# $
jS j j? j?
wc *? c 4 c j" c + c *? c Bc kc j+ c c c c
j+ j+ j+ j+ ?
3
Kpz>ez$b d d d^ dd d dd dd0 dO dd d d d d l; %
i | UL4it @ tiU|L? ? U @hLt T@h@4i|iht UL?|hL**?} |i B it|4@|L? ThLUi_hi
@hi _i?i_ d @?_ dq'>{ _i|ih4?i |i i}|?} 4@|h L? |i ht| B |ih@|L?
=pzfP _i|ih4?it |i ?4Mih Lu t|iTt Lih |i i}|?} 4@|h |@| ** Mi |@!i? MiuLhi |i
it|4@|L? ThLUi_hi t |ih4?@|i_ Ai T@h@4i|iht 2zfe @?_ zJ' UL?|hL* |i 4@ 44
?4Mih Lu |ih@|L?t L? i@U B t|iTc @?_ |i UL?ih}i?Ui |L*ih@?Uic hitTiU|i*)
Ai T@h@4i|iht pd2fzJ[ @?_ '>{p _i?i |i ?_L |)Ti @?_ *@} *i?}| |L Mi ti_ ?
UL4T|?} 7 A E5ii |i _itUhT|L? Lu tfU@*U4c @MLi
6?@**) ppzJ' _i|ih4?it @ t|iT *i?}| |L*ih@?Ui ti_ ? |i it|4@|L? ThLUi_hi 5ii
|i *i Z>[2=2 uLh _i|@*t
dq'>{$d %
=pzfP$0 %
D2
F 3fzp n Jq pzfPp Jfe f{z={ 2>ze_ \d
F 3fz dq'>{$d >=[ =pzfP$0 zJ ffQzf p>' 03z>{f @}}
2zfe$cdd %
zJ'$fO %
pd2fzJ[$0%
ppzJ'$f0 %
Ai ?i | t|iT ?L*it hi@_?} ? |i _@|@ U @hi UL?|@?i_ ? |i *i O+#WB#A
Aiti _@|@ @hi |i t@4i @t |i _@|@ uhL4 ht|@?L @?_ ,Ui?M@4 Ebb2 Ai) hiThiti?|
^@h|ih*) LMtih@|L?t uhL4 bDD"bHe" Ai UL*4?t hiThiti?| |i TihU@T|@ *ii*t
Lu c Uc Cc t c M c g @?_ M e hitTiU|i*) M @?_ M e @hi |i LtiL*_ @?_ it|@M*t4i?|
Lht tihit _tUtti_ M) ht|@?L @?_ ,Ui?M@4 Ebb2 Ai _@|@ @hi O *|ihi_ t?}
|i 4*i Pq'zfe2 6?@**)c |i _@|@ @hi t|Lhi_ ? @ }*LM@* @h@M*i [>z>
'J>[ J>e[={[>z %
Q$J>e[={CD_ %
[$J>e[={CD_0 %
&$J>e[={CD_c %
=$J>e[={CD_B"
O^ %
$J>e[={CD_O %
Q$Pq'zfeC'J{CQ_Odd %
$Pq'zfeC'J{C[_Odd %
&$Pq'zfeC'J{C&_Odd %
D
=$Pq'zfeC'J{C=_Odd %
>P'$&= %
{'JK>' [>z> %
Ai ?@* T@h| Lu |i ThL}h@4 U@**t |i 4*i {22fpz2 |L TihuLh4 |i it|4@|L? Ai
@h@M*it Kc c @?_ Z hiThiti?| |i T@h@4i|ih it|4@|itc |ih @h@?UiUL@h@?Ui 4@|h
@?_ |i ' t|@|t|U uLh |it|?} Lih_i?|u)?} hit|hU|L?tc u @?) Ai hL|?i =[zfpzp2
TihuLh4t t|@|t|U@* |it|t hi}@h_?} |i _@|@ @?_ 4L_i* 4L4i?|t 6?@**)c =[2P2 T*L|t
4T*ti hitTL?ti u?U|L?t uhL4 |i 4L_i* L| |L e. TihL_t @u|ih @ |iU?L*L}) tLU!
At UL4T*i|it |i _itUhT|L? Lu |i ThL}h@4t Ai UL4uLh|@M*i tih tL*_ i @4?i
|i *it ? |i _hiU|Lhit [pKc Qf^^0 @?_ Kfe^^
c |L tii U 4?Lh U@?}it @hi
?iUitt@h) |L |i @MLi UL_i ? Lh_ih |L it|4@|i _gihi?| 4L_i*t Ai *i [pP2J22 hiT*@Uit
zpP2J22 uLh |i ThL}h@4t ? Qf^^0c MiU@ti |i 4L_i* t L?i ? U |iU?L*L}) t
_gihi?Ui t|@|L?@h) h@|ih |@? |hi?_ t|@|L?@h)
De
+iuihi?Uit
h?t_ic c ,Ui?M@4 @?_ 5 +iMi*L Ebb Rw@MLh OL@h_?} @?_ |i t?itt
)U*ic aLh?@* Lu L*|U@* ,UL?L4)c fc TT
ht|@?Lc w EbbH R5L*?} #)?@4U ,^*Mh4 L_i*t M) @ i|L_ Lu N?_i|ih4?i_
LiUi?|tc 4@?tUhT|c Lh|it|ih? N?iht|)
ht|@?Lc w @?_ ,Ui?M@4 Ebb2 Rhhi?| +i@* t?itt )U*i AiLhit @?_
}}hi}@|i w@MLh@h!i| 6*U|@|L?tc 4ihU@? ,UL?L4U +iic H2c TT efeDf
O@?ti?c B EbHD RW?_tM*i w@MLh @?_ |i t?itt )U*ic aLh?@* Lu L?i|@h) ,UL
?L4Utc Sc TT fb2H
O@?ti?c w EbH2 Rw@h}i 5@4T*i hLTih|it Lu Bi?ih@*3i_ i|L_ Lu L4i?|t ,t|4@
|Lhtc ,UL?L4i|hU@c Dfc TT f2bfDe
O@?ti?c wc a Oi@|L? @?_ }@! Ebb2 B 5Lu|@hi uLh BN55
OL_hU!c +a @?_ , hitUL|| Ebb. RLt|@h N5 t?itt )U*itG ? ,4ThU@*
W?it|}@|L?c aLh?@* Lu L?i)c hi_| @?_ @?!?}c 2bc TT S
a__c kw EbbH 4ihU@* i|L_t ? ,UL?L4Ut @4Mh_}ic G WA hitt
k?}c +c *Lttih @?_ 5 +iMi*L EbHH@ RhL_U|L?c BhL| @?_ t?itt )U*itG W :
WWc aLh?@* Lu L?i|@h) ,UL?L4Utc 2c TT bD22c fbe
k?}c +c *Lttih @?_ 5 +iMi*L EbHHM RhL_U|L?c BhL| @?_ t?itt )U*itG
AiU?U@* TTi?_ c 4@?tUhT|
k?}c + @?_ 5 +iMi*L EbHb RwL 6hi^i?U) 6*|ih?} @?_ +i@* t?itt )U*itc
+LUit|ih i?|ih uLh ,UL?L4U +iti@hU `Lh!?} @Tih L 2fD
k?}c +B @?_ ` `@|tL? Ebb. R5)t|i4 +i_U|L? @?_ 5L*|L? *}Lh|4t uLh 5?
}*@h w?i@h #gihi?Ui 5)t|i4t N?_ih +@|L?@* , TiU|@|L?tc 4@?tUhT|c N?iht|)
Lu Vh}?@
@h4L?c + @?_ 5UL||c i_t Ebbb L4T|@|L?@* i|L_t uLh |i 5|_) Lu #)?@4U
,UL?L4it uLh_G uLh_ N?iht|) hitt
ii)c `k @?_ k# `it| EbH. R 54T*ic Lt|i 5i4_i?|ic Oi|ihLt!i_@t|U|)
@?_ |LULhhi*@|L? L?tt|i?| L@h@?Ui @|h c ,UL?L4i|hU@c DDc TT .f.fH
+L}ihtL?c + EbHH RW?_tM*i w@MLhc wL||ihit @?_ ,^*Mh4c aLh?@* Lu L?i|@h)
,UL?L4Utc 2c TT S
5@h}i?|c A EbH. @UhLiUL?L4U AiLh) i vLh!G U@_i4U hitt
N*}c O Ebb. R ALL*!| uLh ?@*)3?} L?*?i@h #)?@4U 5|LU@t|U L_i*t ,@t*)c
4@?tUhT|c i?|,hc N?iht|) Lu A*Mh}
DD
Figure 1
A H and Y /N
1 1.2
1
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
0 -0.2
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
C and I Y and K
5 1.6
1.4
4
1.2
1
3
0.8
2
0.6
0.4
1
0.2
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
56
Figure 2
A H and Y /N
1 1.4
1.2
0.8
1
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
0 -0.2
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
C and I Y and K
6 2
5
1.5
4
3 1
2
0.5
1
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
57
Figure 3
20
1.5
15
2 π f(ω )
2 π f(ω )
1
10
0.5
5
0 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ω /π ω/π
2 20
1.5 15
2 π f(ω )
2 π f(ω )
1 10
0.5 5
0 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ω /π ω/π
58
Figure 4
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
2
2
|A (ω )|
|A (ω )|
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
0 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ω /π ω/π
3.5
0.8
3
2.5
0.6
2
2
|A (ω )|
|A (ω )|
0.4
1.5
1
0.2
0.5
0 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ω /π ω/π
59