Elastollan Material

Thermoplastic
Polyurethane
Elastomers (TPU)
Elastollan®–
Material Properties
Technical Information
Contents
Contents
Introduction
Introduction 4
Chemical
Chemical
structure structure 5
Physical
Physical
properties
properties 6
Mechanical
Mechanical
properties properties 6
Rigidity 7
Shore hardness 9
Glass transition temperature 10
Torsion modulus 11
Tensile strength 14
Tear strength 21
Creep behaviour 22
Compression set 24
Impact strength 24
Abrasion 25
Friction 25
Thermal Thermal
Thermal expansion 26
Thermal deformation 27
Vicat softening temperature 27
Heat deflection temperature 28
Thermal data 29
Maximum service temperature 30
Gas permeability
Gas permeability 31
Electrical
Electrical
Tracking 33
Dielectric strength 33
Surface resistivity 33
Volume resistivity 34
Dielectric constant 34
Dielectric loss factor 34
2 2
Contents
Chemical properties 35
essentially formed from The products are distinguished by

Swelling
ction of three compo- the following characteristic features:
35
Chemical resistance Polyester polyol: 36

ong-chain diols)
ates ● highest mechanical properties
Acids and alkaline solutions 36
in diols ● highest heat resistance
● highest resistance to mineral oils
Saturated hydrocarbons 36
and the short-chain
th the diisocyanates Aromatic hydrocarbons
Polyether polyol: 36
addition to form linear
. Flexible segments are ● Lubricating oils and
highest hydrolysis greases
resistance 37
e reaction of the polyol ● best low-temperature flexibility
cyanate. The combina- ● Solvents
resistance to microbiological 37
yanate with short-chain degradation
s the rigid component
Microbiological
nt). Fig. 1 shows in resistance
dia- In addition to the basic components 38
orm the chain structure described above, many Elastollan
stic polyurethane. formulations contain additives to
Hydrolysis resistance facilitate production and process- 39
es of the product ability. Further additives can also be
he nature of the raw included to modify specific proper-
Radiation resistance
e reaction conditions, ties.
40
of the starting materials. UV-radiation 40
used have a significant Such additives include mould release
certain properties of the agents, flame
Highretardants,
energy irradiation UV-stabi- 40
c polyurethane. lizers and plasticizers for flexible
grades. Glass fibres are used to
Ozone resistance
ter-based polyols (B, C, increase rigidity (RTPU, Elastollan R 40
00 grades) or polyether- grades).
s (1100
Firegrades)
behaviour are
roduction of Elastollan. 41
of thermoplastic Polyurethane
Quality management 42
Index of key terms

e segment Rigid
Flexible
segment Rigid segment
43
segment
= Residue of long-chain diol (ether/ester)

= Residue of short-chain diol
= Residue of diisocyanate
= Urethane group
Edition: November 2011 5 3

Introduction
Contents
Introduction
Chemical structure
Elastollan is the registered trade
mark of our thermoplastic
polyurethane elastomers (TPU),
Physical
which are available in unplasticized
form in a hardness range from
properties
60 Shore A to 74 Shore D.
These materials are distinguished by

the following properties:
Mechanical properties
● high wear and abrasion
resistance
● high tensile strength and
outstanding resistance to tear
propagation
● excellent damping characteristics
● very good low-temperature
flexibility
● high resistance to oils, greases,
oxygen and ozone.
Thermal properties
Gas permeability
Electrical properties
4 2
Chemical structure
essentially formed from Elastollan

The productsis essentially formed
arefromdistinguished
The products are by distinguished by
ction of three compo- the
the inter-reaction
following of threecharacteristic
compo- the following features:
characteristic features:
nents:
Polyester polyol: Polyester polyol:
ong-chain diols) 1. polyols (long-chain diols)
ates 2. highest mechanical●properties
●diisocyanates highest mechanical properties
in diols 3. highest
●short-chain diolsheat resistance ● highest heat resistance
● highest resistance to ● highest
mineral resistance
oilsto mineral oils
and the short-chain The polyols and the short-chain
th the diisocyanates Polyether
diols react with thepolyol:
diisocyanates Polyether polyol:
addition to form linear through polyaddition to form linear
. Flexible segments are ● highest
polyurethane. hydrolysis
Flexible segments are resistance
● highest hydrolysis resistance
e reaction of the polyol ● best
created by thelow-temperature
reaction of the polyol ● best flexibility
low-temperature flexibility
cyanate. The combina- with
● the resistance
diisocyanate. The to microbiological
combina- ● resistance to microbiological
yanate with short-chain tion ofdegradation
diisocyanate with short-chain degradation
s the rigid component diol produces the rigid component
nt). Fig. 1 shows in dia- In addition
(rigid segment). Fig. to the
1 shows basic
in dia- In components
addition to the basic components
orm the chain structure described
grammatic form theabove, many
chain structure described
Elastollanabove, many Elastollan
stic polyurethane. formulations
of contain additives
thermoplastic polyurethane. formulations contain to additives to
facilitate production and facilitate
process-
production and process-
es of the product ability.
The properties Further additives
of the product ability.
can Furtheralsoadditives
becan also be
he nature of the raw included
depend to modify
on the nature of the raw specific
included to proper-
modify specific proper-
e reaction conditions, ties. the reaction conditions,
materials, ties.
of the starting materials. and the ratio of the starting materials.
used have a significant The
Such polyolsadditives
used have a significant
includeSuch mouldadditives release
include mould release
certain properties of the agents,
influence flame
on certain retardants,
properties of the agents,UV-stabi-
flame retardants, UV-stabi-
c polyurethane. lizers and
thermoplastic plasticizers for
polyurethane. lizers flexible
and plasticizers for flexible
grades. Glass fibres are grades.
used Glassto fibres are used to
ter-based polyols (B, C, increase
Either rigidity
polyester-based polyols(RTPU,
(B, C, increase
Elastollan
rigidity (RTPU, RElastollan R
00 grades) or polyether- S, 500 and 600 grades) or polyether-
grades). grades).
s (1100 grades) are based polyols (1100 grades) are
roduction of Elastollan. used in the production of Elastollan.
Structure of thermoplastic Polyurethane
Flexible Flexible
e segment Rigid segment
Flexible segment RigidRigid segment
segment Rigid segment
segment segment

= Residue of short-chain diol = Residue of short-chain diol
= Residue of diisocyanate = Residue of diisocyanate
= Urethane group = Urethane group
Fig. 1
5 5
Physical
Contents
properties
Introduction
Chemical
are discussed structure
The physical properties of Elastollan
below. The test
The values thus obtained cannot
always be directly related to the
procedures are explained in some properties of finished parts. The
Physical
detail. Typical values of these tests
are presented in our Technical
following factors affect the physical
properties to varying degrees:
properties
Information ”Elastollan – Product
Range“ and in separate data sheets. ● part design
● processing conditions
Mechanical Tests are carried out on injection
properties
moulded samples using granulate
● orientation of macromolecules
and fillers
which is pre-dried prior to process- ● internal stresses
ing. Before testing specimens are ● moisture
conditioned for 20 hours at 100 °C ● annealing
and then stored for at least 24 hours
at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity. Consequently, finished parts should
be tested in relation to their intended
application.
Thermal properties
Gas permeability
6 2
Physical properties
Rigidity
35
essentially formed from The

The versatility of polyurethane
products are distinguished
It is known that the by modulus of elas-
35
ction of three compo- chemistry makes it possible
the following to pro-
ticity of plastics is influenced by the
duce Elastollan over a wide range of following parameters:
rigidity.
Polyester polyol: 36
ong-chain diols) ● temperature
ates Acids and alkaline Fig. 2highest
shows the range
●solutions mechanical
of E-modulus ●properties
moisture content 36
in diols ●TPUhighest
of and RTPU inheat resistance
comparison to ● orientation of macromolecules
● highest
other
Saturated hydrocarbons materials. resistance to and mineral
fillers oils
36
and the short-chain ● rate and duration of stress
Aromatic hydrocarbons
th the diisocyanates modulus of elasticity
Polyether
The polyol: 36
● geometry of test specimens
addition to form linear (E-modulus) is determined by ● type of test equipment
. FlexibleLubricating
segments are oils and greases
● highest
tensile hydrolysis
testing according to resistance 37
e reaction of the polyol DIN
● best
EN ISO low-temperature
527-2 at a strain rate of Figs. flexibility
3–5 show the modulus of
cyanate.Solvents
The combina- 1● resistance
mm/min, using a type Ato testmicrobiological
speci- 37
elasticity of several Elastollan grades
men according to DIN EN ISO 3167. as a function of temperature.
s the rigid component The E-modulus is calculated from
nt). Fig. 1 shows in dia- In initial
the addition
slope of theto the basic
stress-strain components
E-modulus 38
values obtained from the
curve above,
as ratio of stress to strain. many Elastollan
tensile test are preferable to those
stic polyurethane. formulations contain additives from the bending to test, since in the
facilitate production and tensileprocess-
test the stress 39 distribution
es of the product ability. Further additives can also
throughout betest
the relevant
he nature of the raw included to modify specific specimenproper-length is constant.
40
of the starting materials.
UV-radiation Comparison of E-modulus of TPU and RTPU 40
used have a significant Such
with otheradditives
materials include mould release
certain properties of the
High energy agents, flame retardants, UV-stabi-
irradiation 40
grades. Glass fibres PE are PCused to Al St
ter-based polyols (B, C, increase rigidity (RTPU, Elastollan40 R
s (1100 grades) are PVC
roduction of Elastollan. 41
PA
Rubber ABS 42
TPU/RTPU
Flexible 43
e segment 1
segment 10 100 1000 10 000 100 000 1000 000
Rigid Rigid segment
segment E-modulus [MPa]
Fig. 2
= Urethane group
5
3 7
Physical
Contents
properties
Rigidity Introduction
Chemical structure
Influence of temperature on E-modulus
Elastollan polyester types
Physical 10 000
properties
E-modulus [MPa]
1000 C 64 D
C 95 A
100
C 85 A
10
–20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Fig. 3 Temperature [°C]

Elastollan polyether types
10 000
E-modulus [MPa]
1000 1164 D
Thermal properties 1195 A

100
1185 A
10
–20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Elastollan glassfibre reinforced types
10 000
Gas permeability
E-modulus [MPa]
R 3000
R 2000
1000
R 1000
100
–20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
8 2
Physical properties
Shore hardness
35

The hardness of elastomers
products aresuchdistinguished
as Relationship: by35
ction of three compo- Elastollan Shore A
is measured incharacteristic
the following Shore Afeatures:
to Shore D
and Shore D according to
DIN 53505.
Polyester polyol: 100
36
ong-chain diols) 90
ates Acids and alkaline Shore highest
hardness is amechanical
●solutions measure of the properties 36
Hardness Shore A
in diols ● highest
resistance heat
of a material to theresistance
pene- 80
● highest
tration
Saturated hydrocarbons of a needle under resistance
a defined to mineral
70 oils
36
and the short-chain spring force. It is determined as a
60
th the diisocyanates
Aromatic hydrocarbonsPolyether
number from 0 to 100 polyol:
on the scales 36
addition to form linear A or D. The higher the number, the 50
. FlexibleLubricating
segments are oils and greases
● highest
higher the hardness.hydrolysis
The letter A is resistance
40
37
e reaction of the polyol used
● best
for flexiblelow-temperature
types and the letter flexibility
cyanate.Solvents themicrobiological 37
30
The combina- D●for resistance
rigid types. However, to
yanate with short-chain ranges degradation
do overlap. 20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
nt). Fig. 1 shows in dia- In 6addition
Fig. shows a comparison to the of thebasic components Hardness 38Shore D
Fig. 6
Shore hardness A and above,
D scales for many Elastollan
Elastollan. contain additives to
There is no general
dependence
facilitate between Shore A and D and
production Shoreprocess-
hardness reduces39 as tempera-
es of the product scales.
ability. UnderFurther
standard atmospheric
additives ture can
rises. Fig. 7 shows
also be the variation
he nature of the raw conditions
included (i.e. 23to°C, modify
50 % relative specific
of Shore hardness
proper- with temperature
40
e reaction conditions, humidity),
ties. the hardness of Elastollan for various Elastollan grades.
UV-radiation grades ranges from 60 Shore A to 40
74 Shore D. additives include mould release
certain properties of the
High energy agents, flame retardants, UV-stabi-
irradiation 40
c polyurethane. lizers
Influence and plasticizers
of temperature on hardnessfor flexible
grades. Glass
Elastollan polyester fibres are used to
types
ter-based polyols (B, C, increase rigidity (RTPU, Elastollan40 R
100
s (1100 grades) are 90
roduction of Elastollan. 80 41
Hardness [Shore D]
70
60
C 64 D 42
50 C 95 A
40
C 80 A
30
Flexible 43
e segment Rigid segment20 Rigid segment
segment 10
0
–30 –10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130
Temperature [°C]
Fig. 7
= Urethane group
5
3 9
Physical
Contents
properties
Introduction
Glass transition temperature
Chemical
of a plastics is structure
The glass transition temperature (Tg)
the point at which a
Fig. 8 shows the glass transition
temperatures of several Elastollan
reversible transition of amorphous types, measured by differential
Physical
phases from a hard brittle condition
to a visco-elastic or rubber-elastic
scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a
heating rate of 10 K/min. The Tg was
properties
condition occurs. Glass transition
takes place, depending on hardness
evaluated according to DIN 51007
on the basis of the curve, the slope
or rather amorphous portion of a of which is stepped in the transition
Mechanical material, within a more or less wide
properties
temperature range. The larger the
range.
amorphous portion (softer Elastollan The torsion modulus and the damp-
product), the lower is the glass ing curves shown in figs. 9 to
transition temperature, and the 14 enable Tg’s to be defined on the
narrower is this temperature range. basis of the damping maximum.
Since this is a dynamic test, the Tg’s
There are several methods available exceed those obtained from the
to determine glass transition temper- DSC measurements.
ature, each of them possibly yielding
a different value, depending on the
test conditions. Dynamic testing
results in higher temperature values
than static testing. Also the thermal
history of the material to be
measured is of importance. Thus,
similar methods and conditions have
to be selected for comparison of
glass transition temperatures of
different products.
Glass transition temperature (Tg) from DSC at 10 K/min

–50
Thermal properties
–40
–30
Tg [°C]
–20
–10
Gas permeability
0
C 85 A C 95 A C 64 D 1185 A 1195 A 1164 D
Electrical properties Elastollan type
Fig. 8
10 2
Physical properties
Torsion modulus

The torsion vibration test as
products are distinguished by zone, the
After the glass transition
ction of three compo- specified in DIN EN ISOcharacteristic
the following 6721-2 features:
torsion modulus curve flattens. This
is used to determine the elastic condition is described as entropy-
behaviour
Polyester of polymeric materials
polyol: elastic (rubber-elastic). At this
ong-chain diols) under dynamic torsional loading, temperature the material remains
ates ● ahighest
over temperature mechanical
range. In this properties
solid with increasing temperature,
in diols ● ahighest
test, test specimen heat resistance
is stimulated torsion modulus declines more
into highest
● free resistance
torsional vibration. The to mineral
sharply and dampingoilsincreases
and the short-chain torsional angle is kept low enough to again. Here, the behaviour pattern is
prevent permanentpolyol:
deformation. predominantly visco-elastic.
addition to form linear Under the test parameters specified
. Flexible segments are ●thehighest
in hydrolysis
standard, a frequency of 0.1 to resistance
The extent of each zone varies
e reaction of the polyol ●Hzbest
10 results as low-temperature
temperature in- flexibility
according to Elastollan type.
cyanate. The combina- ● resistance to microbiological
creases.
yanate with short-chain degradation However, as a general statement,
s the rigid component During the relaxation phase the the transition becomes more obvious
decreasing sinusoidalto the is
vibration basic with the lower hardness Elastollan
components
recorded. From thisabove,
decay curve,manyit grades.
Elastollan
is possible to calculate the contain
torsion additives to
facilitate
modulus production
and damping. The torsion and process-
modulus Further
is the ratio betweenadditives
the can also be
torsion stress andto themodify
resultant specific proper-
e reaction conditions, ties.angular deformation.
elastic
Figs. 9–14 additives
show the torsion include
modulus mould release
certain properties of theagents,
and flameover
damping behaviour retardants,
a UV-stabi-
temperature rangeplasticizers
for several for flexible
grades.
Elastollan Glass fibres are used to
grades.
ter-based polyols (B, C, increase rigidity (RTPU, Elastollan R
At low temperature torsion modulus
s (1100 grades) are is high and the curves are relatively
roduction of Elastollan. flat. This is the so-called energy-
elastic temperature range, where
damping values are low.
With rising temperature, the torsion
modulus curve falls and damping
behaviour increases. This is the so-
called glass transition zone, where
Flexible
e segment Rigid damping
segment reaches a maximum.
Rigid segment
segment

= Urethane group
5 11
Physical
Contents
properties
Introduction
Torsion modulus
Chemical structure
Elastollan C 85 A
Physical 10 000 100
properties
Torsion modulus [MPa]
1000 Torsion modulus 10
Damping [–]
Damping
100 1
10 0,1
1 0,01
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
Elastollan C 95 A
10 000 100
1000 10
Damping [–]
Torsion modulus
100 1
Thermal properties
Damping
10 0,1
1 0,01
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
Elastollan C 64 D
10 000 100
Gas permeability

Damping [–]
100 1
Damping
10 0,1
1 0,01
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
12 2
Physical properties
Torsion modulus
essentially formed from The products

Elastollan 1185 A are distinguished by
10 000 100
Polyester polyol:
ong-chain diols)
1000 10
Damping [–]
and the short-chain
100 polyol: 1
addition to form linear Damping
. Flexible segments are ● highest hydrolysis resistance
10 low-temperature flexibility 0,1
Torsion modulus
s the rigid component 1 0,01
–50 –25 to 0the 25
basic50 components
75 100 125 150
Fig. 12 contain additives
Temperature [°C] to
facilitate production and process-
he nature of the raw included to
Elastollan 1195 A modify specific proper-
of the starting materials. 10 000 100
certain properties of the agents, flame retardants, UV-stabi-
1000 10
Damping [–]
Torsion modulus
s (1100 grades) are 100 1
roduction of Elastollan.
Damping
10 0,1
1 0,01
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
Flexible
Fig. 13 RigidTemperature
segment [°C]
segment
Elastollan 1164 D
10 000 100

= Urethane group
Damping [–]
100 1
Damping
10 0,1
1 0,01
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
5 13
Physical
Contents
properties
Introduction
Tensile strength
Chemical structure
The behaviour of elastomers under
short-term, uniaxial, static tensile
stress is determined by tensile tests
Physical
as specified in DIN 53504 and may
be presented in the form of a stress-
properties
strain diagram. Throughout the test,
the tensile stress is always related to
the original cross-section of the test
Mechanical specimen.
properties The actual stress, which
increases steadily owing to the
constant reduction in cross-section,
is not taken into account.
Typical strength and deformation

characteristics can be seen in the
tensile stress-strain diagram
(Fig. 15):
Strength characteristics: Deformation characteristics:

● The yield stress ÛÁ is the tensile ● The yield strain ÂÁ is the
stress at which the slope of the elongation corresponding to the
stress-strain curve becomes yield stress.
zero. Maximum force elongation
●
● Tensile strength Ûmax is the Âmax is the elongation corres-
tensile stress at maximum ponding to the tensile
force. strength.
● Tear strength ÛB is the tensile ● Elongation at break ÂB is the
stress at the moment of elongation corresponding to
rupture of the specimen. the tear strength.
Thermal properties
In the case of unreinforced In one respect, the stress-strain
Elastollan grades at room tempera- diagrams on the following pages,
ture, differences are not generally determined according to DIN 53504
observed, e.g., tear strength and present the typical high elongation
tensile strength correspond (Fig. 16). to break. On the other hand they
include diagrams of lower deforma-
A yield stress is only observed with tions. These diagrams and the
rigid formulations at lower tempera- curves relating to the R-Types were
tures. determined according to DIN EN
ISO 527-2 at a rate of 50 mm/min
For glass-fibre reinforced Elastollan using a multipurpose test specimen
grades (R grades), yield stress coin- according to DIN EN ISO 3167.
cides with tensile strength (Fig. 17).
Gas permeability
14 2
Physical properties
Tensile strength

Typical arefrom
stress-strain curve distinguished
tensile testing by
Polyester
Ûmax polyol:
ong-chain diols)
ates B
highest
Ûmechanical properties
●
and the short-chain
th the diisocyanates Stress Û
Polyether
Û polyol:
Y
nt). Fig. 1 shows in dia- In addition to the basic components
orm the chain structure described above, ÂY many ElastollanÂ = Â
max B
stic polyurethane. formulations contain additives Strain Â to
Fig. 15
Characteristicto modify
stress-strain specific
curve proper-
for unreinforced Elastollan
used have a significant Ûmax = ÛBadditives include mould release
Such
Stress Û
s (1100 grades) are

Flexible
e segment segment Âmax = ÂB
Rigid Fig. 16 Strain Â
Rigid segment
segment
Characteristic stress-strain curve for reinforced Elastollan

ÛY = Ûmax
ÛB
= Urethane group
Stress Û
ÂY = Âmax ÂB
Fig. 17 Strain Â
5 15
Physical
Contents
properties
Introduction
Tensile strength
Chemical structure
Elastollan C 85 A
Physical –20 °C
80
70
properties
Tensile strength [MPa]
60
23 °C
50
Mechanical properties 60 °C
40
30
100 °C
20
10
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Elongation [%]
Fig.18
Elastollan C 95 A
80
–20 °C
70
23 °C
60
50
40
60 °C
30
Thermal properties 100 °C
20
10
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Elongation [%]
Fig. 19
Elastollan C 64 D
80
70
Gas permeability 23 °C
60
–20 °C
50
60 °C
40
30 100 °C
20
Note: 10
The graphs shown on pages 16 and
17 were determined according to 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
DIN 53504 at a rate of 200 mm/min
using test specimens of 2 mm thick- Elongation [%]
Fig. 20
ness.
16 2
Physical properties
Tensile strength

80
Polyester polyol: –20 °C
ong-chain diols) 70
60
● highest
50
23 °C
resistance to mineral oils
and the short-chain
th the diisocyanates 40
Polyether polyol:
addition to form linear 30 60 °C
20 low-temperature flexibility
cyanate. The combina- ● resistance
10
to microbiological100 °C
s the rigid component 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Elongation [%]
Fig. 21
80
used have a significant Such 70 additives include mould release
certain properties of the –20 °C
agents, flame retardants, UV-stabi-
60
23 °C
50 rigidity (RTPU, Elastollan R
roduction of Elastollan. 60 °C
30
100 °C
20
10
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Flexible
e segment Rigid segment Elongation [%]
Rigid segment
Fig. 22
segment
Elastollan 1164 D
80
–20 °C
70
60
23 °C
= Urethane group
50
60 °C
40
100 °C
30
20
10
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Elongation [%]
Fig. 23
5 17
Physical
Contents
properties
Introduction
Tensile strength
Chemical structure
Elastollan C 85 A
8
Physical –20 °C
properties
6
0 °C
4 23 °C
40 °C
2 80 °C
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Elongation [%]
Fig. 24
Elastollan C 95 A
25
–20 °C
20
15
0 °C
23 °C
10
40 °C
Thermal properties 80 °C
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Elongation [%]
Fig. 25
Elastollan C 64 D
50
–20 °C
Gas permeability
40
0 °C
30
23 °C
Note: 20
The graphs on pages 18 and 19 60 °C
were determined according to 10
DIN EN ISO 527-2 at a rate of 100 °C
50 mm/min using multipurpose test
specimens of 4 mm thickness 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
according to DIN EN ISO 3167.
These curves present in more detail Elongation [%]
stress-strain performance over the
Fig. 26
typical range of application.
18 2
Physical properties
Tensile strength

8
Polyester polyol: –20 °C
ong-chain diols)
6 0 °C
● highest resistance to mineral oils 23 °C
and the short-chain
4
th the diisocyanates Polyether polyol:
addition to form linear 40 °C
. Flexible segments are ● highest hydrolysis resistance 80 °C
2 low-temperature flexibility
s the rigid component 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Elongation [%]
Fig. 27
of the starting materials. 25
certain properties of the agents, flame retardants, UV-stabi- –20 °C
c polyurethane. 20
lizers and plasticizers for flexible

15 rigidity (RTPU, Elastollan R
00 grades) or polyether- grades). 0 °C
s (1100 grades) are
roduction of Elastollan. 10 23 °C
5
40 °C
80 °C
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Flexible Elongation [%]
e segment Rigid segment Rigid segment
Fig. 28
segment
Elastollan 1164 D
50
–20 °C
= Residue of diisocyanate 40
= Urethane group
30
0 °C
20
23 °C
10 60 °C
100 °C
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Elongation [%]
Fig. 29
5 19
Physical
Contents
properties
Introduction
Tensile strength
Chemical structure
Elastollan R 1000
80
Physical 0 °C
70
properties
60 23 °C
50 40 °C
40 60 °C
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Elongation [%]
Fig. 30
Elastollan R 2000
100
80 0 °C
23 °C
60
40 °C
40
60 °C
Thermal properties
20
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Elongation [%]
Fig. 31
Elastollan R 3000
120
Gas permeability
100 0 °C
80
Electrical properties 23 °C
60 40 °C
60 °C
40
Note: 20
The graphs on page 20 were deter-
mined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
at a rate of 50 mm/min using
multipurpose test specimens of Elongation [%]
4 mm thickness according to
Fig. 32
DIN EN ISO 3167.
20 2
Physical properties
Tear strength
essentially formed from Tear

The strength is the term which
products are distinguished
The diagrams show by tear strength for
ction of three compo- defines the resistance ofcharacteristic
the following a notched features:
several Elastollan grades, relative to
test specimen to tear propagation. temperature.
In this respect, Elastollan
Polyester polyol: is far
ong-chain diols) superior to most other of plastics.
in diols The highest
● test is conducted heat resistance
in accordance
● DIN
with ISO 34–1Bb
highest resistance
using an to mineral oils
and the short-chain angle specimen with cut. The
specimen polyol:
is stretched at right-
addition to form linear angles to the incision at a rate of
. Flexible segments are 500 highest
● mm/min hydrolysis
until tear. The tear resistance
resistance [kN/m]
low-temperature
is the ratio flexibility
between maximum forceto and microbiological
specimen thickness.
Tear to the
strength in relation basic components
to temperature
orm the chain structure described above,
Elastollan polyester types many Elastollan
350 contain additives to
es of the product ability.300 Further additives can also be
e reaction conditions, ties. 250
Tear strength [kN/m]

used have a significant Such200additives include mould release
c polyurethane. lizers150
and plasticizers for C 64flexible
D
grades. Glass fibres C 95
areA used to
ter-based polyols (B, C, increase C 80
rigidity A
(RTPU, Elastollan R
100
0
–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Tear strength in relation to temperature

Flexiblepolyether types
Elastollan
350 Rigid segment
segment
300
Tear strength [kN/m]

250
= Residue of short-chain diol 200
= Residue of diisocyanate 1164 D

150
= Urethane group 1195 A
100
1180 A
50
0
–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
5 21
Physical
Contents
properties
Introduction
Creep behaviour
Chemical structure
A pure elastic deformation behaviour,
whereby the elastic characteristic
Behaviour under long-term static
stress can be characterized accord-
remains constant, does not occur ing to ISO 899 by means of creep
Physical
with any material. Due to internal
friction, there exist at any time both
tests, whereby a test specimen is
subject to tensile stress using a load.
properties
a visco-elastic and a viscous defor-
mation portion, causing a depen-
The constant deformation thus
caused is measured as a function of
dence of the characteristic values on time. If this test is conducted
Mechanical the stress duration and intensity.
properties
These non-elastic portions are
applying different loads, the data
yield a so-called isochronous
considerably influenced by tempera- stress-strain diagram.
ture and time. This dependence Such a diagram can be used to
should be a pre-consideration in the predict how a component deforms in
case of plastics operating at ambient the course of time under a certain
temperature under long term load. load, and also how the stress in a
component decreases with a given
deformation (Figs. 35 to 39).
Isochronous stress-strain lines at 23 °C

Elastollan C 85 A
1 h 10 h 100 h 1000 h 10000 h 100 000 h
1,5
1,0
Stress [M/Pa]
0,5
Thermal properties
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Fig. 35 Strain [%]

Elastollan C 64 D
1h 10 h 100 h 1000 h 10000 h 100 000 h
8
6
Gas permeability
Stress [M/Pa]
4
3
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Fig. 36 Strain [%]
22 2
Physical properties
Creep behaviour

Isochronous are
stress-strain distinguished
lines at 23 °C by
ction of three compo- the following
Elastollan 1185 A characteristic features:
1h 10 h 100 h 1000 h 10000 h
Polyester
1,5 polyol:
ong-chain diols)
100000 h
● Stress [M/Pa] highest
1,0 resistance to mineral oils
and the short-chain
0,5
0 to the basic components
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
stic polyurethane. formulations contain Strain [%]
additives to
Fig. 37
he nature of the raw included to modify
Isochronous stress-strain linesspecific
at 23 °C proper-
Elastollan 1164 D
of the starting materials. 1h 10 h 100 h 1000 h
used have a significant Such 5 additives include mould release 10000 h
c polyurethane. lizers and plasticizers for flexible 100000 h
4
Stress [M/Pa]

3
s (1100 grades) are
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Flexible
Fig. 38 Strain [%]
Rigid segment
segment

Elastollan R 3000
1h 10 h 100 h 1000 h 10000 h 100000 h
= Residue of diisocyanate 30
= Urethane group 25
Stress [M/Pa]
20
15
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Fig. 39 Strain [%]
5 23
Physical
Contents
properties
Introduction
Compression set
Chemical
by a constant structure
Compression set [%] is determined To achieve the best resistance to
deformation test over compression set annealing of the
a period of 24 hours and is standard- finished parts is recommended.
Physical
ized in DIN ISO 815.
properties
In application, in the event of
compressive stress one should not
exceed 5 % compression for the
Mechanical more rigid grades and 10 % for the
properties
more flexible grades, if noticeable
compression set is to be avoided.
Impact strength
Elastollan grades have outstanding

low-temperature impact strength.
The tables below give a survey of
Charpy flexural impact tests accord-
ing to DIN EN ISO 179.
Impact strength Notched impact strength

Elastollan C 85 A down to –60 °C fracture from –50 °C
no fracture
Elastollan C 95 A down to –60 °C fracture from –40 °C
no fracture
Elastollan C 60 D down to –60 °C fracture from –20 °C
no fracture
Thermal properties
Elastollan 1185 A down to –60 °C fracture from –60 °C
no fracture
Elastollan 1195 A down to –60 °C fracture from –50 °C
no fracture
Elastollan 1160 D down to –60 °C fracture from –30 °C
no fracture
Table 1
Impact strength Notched impact strenght

23 °C –30 °C 23 °C –30 °C
Gas permeability
Elastollan R 1000 no fracture 130 70 20
Elastollan R 2000 140 110 50 10
Elastollan R 3000 120 70 30 10
Values in kJ/m2
Table 2
24 2
Physical properties
Abrasion
essentially formed from Abrasion

The products[mm33] is determined
determinedarein in Under practical conditions,
distinguished by TPU is
ction of three compo- accordance
the following with DINDIN 53516
ISO 4649-A.
characteristic considered to be the most abrasion
features:
A test4649).
(ISO specimenA testisspecimen
guided atisa resistant elastomeric material.
defined
guided
Polyester contact
at a definedpressure
contact
polyol: onpressure
a Thorough predrying of the granulate
ong-chain diols) rotating cylinder
on a rotating covered
cylinder coveredwith with prior to processing is however
ates abrasive
● highest paper.mechanical
test paper. Thetotal
The total properties
essential to achieve optimum
in diols frictional
● highest path is is approx.
approx.
heat 40m.
40 m.The
resistance abrasion performance.
The
● mass
mass highest loss to
loss due due to abrasion
resistance
abrasion wear is to mineral oils
and the short-chain measured,
wear taking into
is measured, account
taking into the
th the diisocyanates density
Polyether
account ofthe
thedensity
material ofand
polyol: thethe sharp-
material
addition to form linear nessthe
and of the test paper.
sharpness Thetest
of the abrasion
. Flexible segments are is
●given
paper. highest
as the
The loss of
abrasion hydrolysis
volume
is given in
asmmthe3. resistance
e reaction of the polyol ●
loss best
Elastollan
of shows
volume low-temperature
in very
mm low
3
. abrasion.
Elastollan flexibility
shows very low abrasion.to microbiological
s the rigid
Frictioncomponent
stic polyurethane. Any meaningful evaluation
formulations of the
contain The frictional behaviour
additives to of Elastollan
frictional
facilitatebehaviour of plastics is
production products
and depends upon hardness.
process-
es of the product difficult
ability. sinceFurther
frictional processes in
additives Friction
can increases
alsowith be reducing
he nature of the raw practice
included have side-effects
to modify which are hardness proper-
specific and this can lead to „stick-
e reaction conditions, difficult
ties.to define. slip“ effects for softer products.
s (1100 grades) are
Flexible
segment

= Urethane group
5 25
Physical
Contents
properties
Thermal properties
Introduction
Thermal expansion
Chemical structure
As all materials, Elastollan is subject
to a temperature-dependent,
As shown the values for reinforced
Elastollan (glass fibre content 20 %)
reversible variation in length. This is are similar to those for steel and
Physical
defined by the coefficient of linear
expansion · [1/K] in relation to
aluminium.
properties
temperature and determined in
accordance with DIN 53752.
The influence of temperature is
obvious and has to be considered
for many applications!
Mechanical Fig. 40 compares the coefficients of
properties
linear expansion of some Elastollan
types with steel and aluminium and
illustrates the dependence on
temperature and Shore hardness.
Coefficient of thermal expansion · [1/K]

Various Elastollan hardnesses
200
Shore 80 A
180
160
Shore 95 A
· (t) [10 E–6 · 1/K]
140
Shore 64 D
120
100
80
60
40 Aluminium
RTPU Steel
20
0
–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80
Thermal properties
Gas permeability
26 2
Physical properties
Thermal properties
Thermal deformation
essentially formed from Various

The tests can be usedare
products to distinguished by
ction of three compo- compare the applicationcharacteristic
the following limits of features:
plastics at increased temperature.
These include the determination
Polyester polyol: of
ong-chain diols) the Vicat Softening Temperature
ates ● highest
(VST) mechanical
according to ISO 306 and properties
in diols the highestofheat
●determination the Heatresistance
Deflection
● highest Temperature
resistance
(HDT) to mineral oils
and the short-chain according to ISO 75.
. Flexible segments
Vicat softening are
temperature ● highest hydrolysis resistance
yanate with short-chain In thedegradation
course of this test, a loaded
s the rigid component needle (Vicat A: 10 N, Vicat B: 50 N)
with to2 the
a diameter of 1 mm is placed
basic components
orm the chain structure on a test specimen,above,
described which is located many Elastollan
stic polyurethane. on a plane surface withincontain
formulations a tempera- additives to
ture transfer medium.
facilitate The tempera- and process-
production
es of the product ture of the medium
ability. Further(oil or air) is
additives can also be
he nature of the raw increased
included at a constant
to modifyheating rate specific proper-
e reaction conditions, (50 K/h or 120 K/h). The VST is the
ties.
of the starting materials. temperature at which the needle
used have a significant Such additives
penetrates by 1 mm into theinclude
test mould release
material.
grades. Glass
Vicat temperature (VST)fibres
accordingare used
to DIN EN ISO to
306, method B 50
140
s (1100 grades) are
120
100
80
VST [°C]
Flexible
60
segment
40
0
= Urethane group 1164 D C 64 D R 1000 R 2000 R 3000
Elastollan type
Fig. 41
5 27
Physical
Contents
properties
Thermal properties
Introduction
Heat deflection temperature
Chemical structure
Similarly to the Vicat test, the test
set-up is heated in a heat transfer
medium at a rate of 50 or 120 K/h.
Physical
The arrangement is designed as
3-point bending test, the test piece
properties
being stressed at a constant load
which corresponds to a bending
stress of 1.80 MPa, 0.45 MPa or
Mechanical 8ing
MPa (method A, B or C), depend-
properties
on the rigidity of the material.
The temperature at which the test
piece bends by 0.2 to 0.3 mm
(depending on the height of the test
piece) is indicated as HDT.
Heat deflection temperature (HDT) according to DIN EN ISO 75,

method B
180
160
140
120
100
HDT [° C]
80
Thermal properties
60
40
20
0
1164 D C 64 D R 1000 R 2000 R 3000
Elastollan type
Gas permeability
Fig. 42
28 2
Physical properties
Thermal properties
Thermal data

Representative valuesare distinguished
of thermal data of Elastollanby
Properties according to Unit Values
Polyester polyol: softkhard
ong-chain diols)
● highest mechanical properties k
Thermal conductivity DIN 52612 W/m K 0,19 0,25
ates
in diols Heathighest
● heat resistance
of combustion DIN 51900
● highest
– heating value resistance to mineral
J/g oilsk29000
25000
and the short-chain – burning value J/g 26000k31000
addition to form linear Specific heat DIN 51005
. Flexible segments are –
● room temperature
highest hydrolysis resistanceJ/g K 1,5k1,8
e reaction of the polyol –
● melt temperature
best low-temperature J/g K 1,7
flexibility k2,3
Table 3
s (1100 grades) are
Flexible
segment

= Urethane group
5 29
Physical
Contents
properties
Thermal properties
Introduction
Maximum service temperature
Chemical structure
The life expectancy of a finished
TPU part will be influenced by
In the diagram below, the end
criterion is taken as time for tensile
2
several factors and is difficult to strength to be reduced to 20 N/mm .
Physical
predict exactly.
properties
The ageing behaviour of materials
can however be compared by use
of the so-called ARRHENIUS
Mechanical technique.
propertiesMeasurements conduct-
ed at higher temperatures can be
extrapolated to predict performance
at lower temperatures.
Longterm air ageing
End criterion: tensile strength 20 MPa
100000
Exposure time [h]
10000
Elastollan C 85 A
1000
Elastollan 1185 A
100
10
80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Temperature [°C]
Fig. 43
Thermal properties
Gas permeability
30 2
Physical properties
Gas permeability

The passage of gas through
products area test
distinguished by
The variation of diffusion coefficient
ction of three compo- specimen is called diffusion.
the following This
with temperature using Elastollan
takes place in three stages: 1185 A and nitrogen as example is
Polyester polyol: illustrated in Fig. 44.
ong-chain diols) 1. Solution of the gas in the test
ates highest mechanicalThe
●specimen. properties
water vapour permeability
in diols 2. highest
●Diffusion heat resistance
of the dissolved gas WDD [g/(m2 · d)] of a plastic is
highest
●through the test resistance
specimen. to mineral
determined oils with
in accordance
and the short-chain 3. Evaporation of the gas from the DIN 53122 part 1. This is defined as
test specimen. polyol: the amount of water vapour passing
addition to form linear through 1 m2 of test specimen under
. Flexible segments are The highest
● diffusion hydrolysis resistance
coefficient set conditions (temperature, humi-
Q 2/(s · Pa)]
e reaction of the polyol ●[mbest low-temperature
is a material con- flexibility
dity differential) in 24 hours, and is
stant which specifies the to microbiological
volume of roughly in inverse proportion to
gas which will pass through a test specimen thickness.
s the rigid component specimen of known surface area
nt). Fig. 1 shows in dia- In thickness
and addition to time,
in a fixed thewith
basic
a The components
figures shown in Table 5 were
given partial pressure above,
difference. many Elastollan
obtained with a temperature of 23 °C
The coefficient varies with contain
tempera- additives to
and a humidity differential of 93 %
facilitate
ture production
and is determined in accor- and process-
relative humidity. All values relate to
dance with DIN 53536. additives
Further can also
a thickness of 1 mm.be
Table 4 shows the gas diffusion
of the starting materials. coefficients of Elastollan grades for
various additives
gases at a temperatureinclude
of mould release
20 °C. flame retardants, UV-stabi-
grades.
Gas permeability Glass fibres
coefficient Q [mare
2/(s · used
Pa)] · 10–18to
00 grades) or polyether- grades). Gas
Elastollan-
s (1100 grades) are
type Ar CH4 CO2 H2 He N2 O2
C 80 A 12 11 200 45 35 4 14
C 85 A 9 6 150 40 30 3 10
C 90 A 5 4 40 30 25 2 7
C 95 A 3 2 20 20 20 1 4
Flexible
segment 1180 A 14 18 230 70 50 6 21
1185 A 9 14 180 60 40 5 16
1190 A 7 9 130 50 30 4 12
1195 A
= Residue of short-chain diol 6 5 90 40 20 3 8
= Residue of diisocyanate Table 4
= Urethane group
5 31
Physical
Contents
properties
Gas permeability
Introduction
Chemical structure
Affect of temperature on permeability coefficient:
Elastollan 1185 A with Nitrogen
Physical 120
properties
100
Permeablity coefficient Q [m2 /(s · Pa)] 10-18

80
60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature [°C]
Fig. 44
Thermal properties
Water vapour permeability WDD [g/(m2 · d)]
measured at 1 mm section
Elastollan type WDD Elastollan type WDD

C 80 A 18 1180 A 21
C 85 A 15 1185 A 17
C 90 A 20 1190 A 15
C 95 A 8 1195 A 12
Table 5
Gas permeability
32 2
Physical properties
General

The electrical conductivityare
products of distinguished
Allowance shouldby be made for the
ction of three compo- plastics is very low. Theycharacteristic
the following are, there- features:
fact that electrical properties are
fore, frequently used as insulating dependent on moisture content,
materials.
Polyester Information on relevant
polyol: temperature and frequency.
ong-chain diols) properties for electrical applications
ates ● highest
must mechanical
therefore be made available. properties
The results are presented in our
in diols ● highest heat resistance technical information brochure
For highest
● Elastollan gradesresistance
standard ”Elastollan
to mineral – Electrical
oils
and the short-chain resistance measurements are made Properties“.
on conditioned testpolyol:
specimens
addition to form linear (20 h, 100 °C) after storage in the
standard hydrolysis
conditioning atmosphere, resistance
e reaction of the polyol ●23best
i.e. °C, 50 %low-temperature
relative humidity. flexibility
Tracking
Tracking results from thecontain
progres- The Comparative
additives to Tracking Index
facilitate
sive formation ofproduction
conductive paths and (CTI)process-
determined in accordance
on the surface Further additives
of a solid insulating IEC 60112
withcan alsois thebe
maximum
material. to modify
It is generated by the specific
voltage atproper-
which a material will with-
action of electrical loading and stand 50 drops of a defined test
of the starting materials. electrolytic impurities on the surface. solution without tracking.
c polyurethane.
Dielectric strength lizers and plasticizers for flexible
00 grades) or polyether- Dielectric
grades). strength according to
s (1100 grades) are IEC 60243 is the ratio between
roduction of Elastollan. disruptive voltage and the distance
of the electrodes separated by the
insulating material. Disruptive volt-
age is the a.c. voltage at which point
the insulating material breaks down.
Surface resistivity Flexible

segment
The specific surface resistance is
the resistance of the surface of a
test piece.
= Residue of long-chain diol It is measured between
(ether/ester)
two electrodes of dimensions pre-
scribed in IEC 60093, fixed to the
surface at a specified distance.
= Urethane group
5 33
Physical
Contents
properties
Introduction
Volume resistivity
Chemical structure
Volume resistivity as defined in
IEC 60093 is the electrical resis-
tance of the bulk material measured
Physical
between two electrodes, relative to
the geometry of the test piece. The
properties
type of electrode arrangement
makes it possible to ignore surface
resistance.
Dielectric constant
Dielectric constant is the ratio of

capacity measured with the insulat-
ing material compared with that for
air. This constant is determined in
accordance with IEC 60250 and is
temperature and frequency depen-
dent. Our technical information
provides values for Elastollan grades
for various frequencies at 23 °C.
Dielectric loss factor
When an insulating material is used

as dielectric in a capacitor, an ad-
justment of the phase displacement
between current and voltage occurs.
The displacement from the normal
Thermal properties
angle of 90 ° is known as the loss
angle. The loss factor is defined as
the tangent of the loss angle. As with
dielectric constant, it varies with
temperature and frequency. Values
are provided for various frequencies
at 23 °C.
Gas permeability
34 2
Chemical properties
Swelling
General

The suitability
productsof a plastic are Our data sheet ”Elastollan
for a distinguished by –
ction of three compo- particular application often
the following depends Chemicalfeatures:
characteristic resistance“ provides a
on its resistance to chemicals. general guide. For critical applica-
Depending
Polyester on the polyol:
type and chemical tions, a detailed resistance test
ong-chain diols) composition thermoplastic considering both swelling and the
ates ● highest
polyurethanes mechanical
can behave very properties
affect on mechanical properties is
differently heat
in interreaction resistance
with recommended.
● highest
chemical substances. resistance to mineral oils
and the short-chain
th the diisocyanates ItPolyether polyol:
is therefore difficult in any case to
addition to form linear make a clear distinction between the
effects hydrolysis resistance
described below.
yanate with short-chain
Swelling degradation
Swelling above,
is the fundamental many Elastollan
physical
process of the absorptioncontain
of liquid additives to
facilitate
substances by a production
solid. and process-
In this process, thetosubstance
modify specific proper-
e reaction conditions, ties.into the material without
enters
of the starting materials. chemical interaction. This results in
an increaseadditives include mould release
in volume and weight
with flame
a corresponding retardants,
reduction in UV-stabi-
mechanical values.plasticizers for flexible
After evaporationrigidity
a reduction (RTPU,
in Elastollan R
swelling occurs and the original
s (1100 grades) are properties of the product are almost
roduction of Elastollan. completely restored.
Swelling is a reversible process.

Flexible
segment

= Urethane group
5 35
Chemical
Contents
properties
Chemical resistance
Introduction
Chemical structure
Chemical resistance depends on the
period of exposure, the temperature,
the quantity, the concentration and
Physical
the type of the chemical substance.
properties
In the case of chemical degradation
of polyurethane the chemical reac-
tion results in cleavage of the molec-
Mechanical ular chains. This process is generally
properties
preceded by swelling. In the course
of degradation, polyurethane loses
strength, and in extreme cases this
can lead to disintegration of the
part.
Acids and alkaline solutions
Elastollan products are attacked by

concentrated acids and alkaline
solutions even at room temperature.
Any contact with these substances
should be avoided. Elastollan is
resistant to short-time contact with
dilute acids and alkali solutions at
room temperature.
Saturated hydrocarbons
Thermal properties
Contact of Elastollan with saturated
hydrocarbons such as diesel oil,
isooctane, petroleum ether and
kerosene, results in a limited
swelling. At room temperature this
swelling amounts to approx. 1–3 %
and the resultant reduction in tensile
strength is no more than 20 %. After
evaporation and reversal of the
swelling, the original mechanical
properties are almost completely
restored.
AromaticGas permeability
hydrocarbons
Contact of Elastollan with aromatic
hydrocarbons such as benzene and
toluene, results in considerable
swelling even at room temperature.
Absorption can result in a 50 %
weight increase with a correspond-
ing reduction in mechanical proper-
ties.
36 2
Chemical properties
Chemical resistance
Lubricating oils and greases
essentially formed from Elastollan is in principal resistant

The products to
are distinguished by
ction of three compo- lubricating oils and greases,
the following how-
ever irreversible damage can be
caused by included
Polyester additives.
polyol:
ong-chain diols)
ates ● highest
Compatibility testingmechanical
in each properties
individual heat
lubricant is to be resistance
recommended.
and the short-chain
No polyol:
reduction in strength occurs after
addition to form linear immersion in ASTM oils 1, IRM 902
. Flexible segments are and
● IRMhighest
903 at roomhydrolysis
temperature. resistance
e reaction of the polyol No best in
●reduction low-temperature
tensile strength is flexibility
recorded to microbiological
after 3 weeks immersion at
yanate with short-chain 100 ° degradation
C.
orm the chain structure
Solvents described above, many Elastollan
es of the product Aliphatic
ability. alcohols, such as additives
Further ethanol can also be
he nature of the raw and isopropanol,to
included cause swelling ofspecific proper-
modify
e reaction conditions, Elastollan
ties. products. This is com-
of the starting materials. bined with a loss of tensile strength.
Rising additives
temperatures include
intensify these mould release
effects.
grades.
Ketones Glass
such as acetone, fibres
methyl- are used to
ethylketone (MEK)rigidity
and cyclo- (RTPU, Elastollan R
hexanone are partial solvents for
s (1100 grades) are thermoplastic polyurethane elasto-
roduction of Elastollan. mers. Elastollan products are
unsuitable for long-term use in these
solvents.
Aliphatic esters, such as ethyl
acetate and butyl acetate, cause
severe swelling of Elastollan.
Flexible
e segment Highly polar organic solvents
segment
Rigid Rigidsuch
segment
as dimethylformamide (DMF),
segment
dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO),
N-methylpyrrolidine and tetrahydro-
furan(ether/ester)
= Residue of long-chain diol (THF) dissolve thermoplastic
polyurethane.
= Urethane group
5 37
Chemical
Contents
properties
Microbiological resistance
Introduction
Chemical
thermoplastic structure
When using polyester-based
polyurethane under
Depending on formulation and hard-
ness, polyether-based TPUs achieve
climatic conditions of high heat and a saponification number of around
Physical
humidity, parts can be damaged by
microbiological attack. In particular,
150, polyester-based TPUs around
450. With regard to polyether-poly-
properties
micro-organisms producing
enzymes are able to affect the
ester mixtures, the saponification
number can be calculated from
molecule chains of polyester-based the quantitative portions. Small
Mechanical TPU. The microbiological attack
properties
initially becomes visible as
inclusions of up to approx. 10 % of
ester urethane in ether urethane
discolouration. Subsequently, (e.g. addition of ester-based colour
surface cracks occur which enable masterbatches) do not impair the
the microbes to penetrate deeper microbiological resistance (SN
and to cause a complete destruction remains < 200). Larger inclusions
of the TPU (ref. Fig. 45). of ester-based TPU result in a
reduction in the microbiological
Polyether-based thermoplastic resistance.
polyurethane is resistant to micro-
biological attack.
The saponifiction number (SN)

formerly
according DIN
to VDE 0472,
DIN VDE part part
0472, 704 is
an
704important criterion
is an important for micro-
criterion for
biological resistance.
microbiological Unfilled
resistance. TPU
Unfilled
TPU
is is resistant
resistant to microbes
to microbes up toupa to a
saponification number
saponification number of 200 mg
KOH/gm, which is the limiting value
according to VDE 0282/10.
0282/10.
Progress of microbial degradation of polyester-based TPU
Thermal properties
Left: reference sample

Gas permeability
Middle: mild discolouration
Right: discolouration and distinctly visible cracks
Fig. 45
38 2
Chemical properties
Hydrolysis resistance
essentially formed from IfThe

polyester based polyurethanes
products are
are distinguished by compare
The following diagrams
ction of three compo- exposed for lengthy periods
the following to hot
characteristic hydrolysisfeatures:
resistance of polyether-
water, moisture vapour or tropical and polyester-based TPU.
climates,
Polyester an irreversible
polyol:break-down
ong-chain diols) of the polyester chains occurs
ates ● highest
through hydrolysis. mechanical
This results in a properties
reduction heat
in mechanical resistance
properties.
This highest
● effect resistance
is more marked in flexible to mineral oils
and the short-chain grades, where the polyester content
is correspondingly polyol:
higher than in the
addition to form linear harder formulations. Degradation of
. Flexible segments are ● highestElastollan
polyester-based hydrolysisis how- resistance
e reaction of the polyol ever best
● rarely low-temperature
experienced at room flexibility
temperature.
s the rigid component Because of its chemical structure,
polyether-based to the
Elastollan basic components
is much
more above, many Elastollan
resistant to hydrolytic
degradation.
Long termFurther additives can also be
hydrolysis resistance
e reaction conditions, ties. End criterion: tensile strength 20 MPa
100000 flame retardants, UV-stabi-
Immersion time [h]
grades. Glass fibres are used to 1185 A

Elastollan
10000
s (1100 grades) are 1000 Elastollan C 85 A
100
10
50 60 70 80 90 100
Flexible Temperature [°C]

Fig. 46
segment
Long term hydrolysis resistance
= Residue of long-chain diol (ether/ester) End criterion: elongation 300 %

100000
Elastollan 1185 A
Immersion time [h]
= Urethane group 10000
1000 Elastollan C 85 A
100
10
50 60 70 80 90 100
Temperature [°C]
Fig. 47
5 39
Chemical
Contents
properties
Radiation resistance · Ozone resistance
Introduction
UV-radiation
Chemical
by the effect ofstructure
Plastics are chemically degraded
UV-radiation. The
It is possible to improve UV resis-
tance by addition of colour pigments
degree of ageing depends on dura- which prevent the deep penetration
Physical
tion and intensity. In the case of
polyurethanes, the effect is seen
of UV-rays and thus mechanical
destruction. Moreover, dark colour
properties
initially as surface embrittlement.
This is accompanied by a yellowing
shades, in particular black, mask the
surface discolouration. The ageing
in colour and a reduction in mechan- process can also be delayed by the
ical properties. addition of UV-stabilizers. Suitable
Mechanical properties masterbatches are available.
High energy radiation
Elastollan is superior to most other The addition of crosslinking agents

plastics in its resistance to high en- and subsequent ‚- or Á-radiation
ergy radiation. Resistance to ·-, ‚- can effect crosslinking of Elastollan.
and Á-radiation is dependent on The maximum achievable degrees of
such factors as the intensity of the crosslinking are around 90 %. This is
radiation, the shape and dimensions a method to improve short-term
of the test specimen, and the heat deflection temperature and
atmosphere in the test area. chemical resistance.
Ozone resistance
The ozone molecule (O3) is formed by Elastollan, on the other hand, is

the union of three oxygen atoms. It is resistant to ozone.
generated from reaction of oxygen in
the atmosphere under the influence The test according to VDE 0472 part
Thermal properties
of high energy UV-radiation. 805 results in „crack-free“, stage 0.
There is neither a loss of elasticity nor
Ozone is highly reactive, especially an increase of surface hardness.
with organic substances. Rubber-
based elastomers are destroyed
through cracking under the influence
of ozone.
Gas permeability
40 2
Chemical properties
Fire behaviour
essentially formed from Plastics

The productsare, like all organic sub-distinguished
are ● UL 94 by
ction of three compo- stances,
the followinginflammable. Fire behaviour
(Underwriters Laboratories)
is influenced by the following
characteristics:
Polyester polyol: Standard Elastollan grades are
ong-chain diols) rated HB, grades containing
ates ●●flammability
highest mechanical properties plasticizer normally achieve
in diols ●●flamehighest
propagation heat resistance classification V2. The flame
●●heat highest
development resistance to retardant mineral oils
halogen free grade
and the short-chain ● smoke development (smoke Elastollan 1185 A FHF is rated V0.
th the diisocyanates density and toxicity
Polyether of the
polyol:
addition to form linear combustion gases) Yellow Cards for some grades are
. Flexible segments are ●●surface/mass
highest ratio
hydrolysis
of the resistance
available on request.
e reaction of the polyol best low-temperature
●combustible substances flexibility
cyanate. The combina- ●●thermal-conductivity
resistance to microbiological ● ISO 4589 (Oxygen Index)
yanate with short-chain ● calorific value
degradation
s the rigid component This test measures the minimum
nt). Fig. 1 shows in dia- The
In fire behaviour of to
addition a substance is
the basic components
amount of oxygen required to
orm the chain structure not dependent on the
described material alone.
above, manymaintain
Elastollan combustion. For
stic polyurethane. Apart from the criteria listed
formulations above,
contain additives
Elastollan gradesto values between
itfacilitate
is also influenced by accompany- and
production 22process-
and 25 are recorded.
es of the product ing circumstances,
ability. Further such as:additives can also be
he nature of the raw included to modify specific ● FMVSSproper-302 (Federal Motor
e reaction conditions, dispersion
●ties. Vehicle Safety Standard)
of the starting materials. ● nature of storage
used have a significant ●Such
quantityadditives
of material include mould All Elastollan release
grades comply with
certain properties of the ●agents,
temperatureflame retardants, this UV-stabi-
standard, which permits a
c polyurethane. ventilation
●lizers and plasticizers for max.flexible
combustion rate of 4 inches/
duration andGlass
●grades. intensity offibres
the aremin.
used to
(101.6 mm/min) under the
ter-based polyols (B, C, source of ignition
increase etc.
rigidity (RTPU, specified
Elastollan R
test conditions.
s (1100 grades) are The complexity of the influencing ● DIN EN 50267-2-2
roduction of Elastollan. factors makes it impossible to give a (Corrosiveness of combustion
comprehensive and generally-valid gases)
of thermoplastic Polyurethanedescription of the fire behaviour of
plastics. Consequently, there are a Standard Elastollan grades as well
number of standards and specifica- as grades containing plasticizer
tions, each simulating a representa- fullfil the requirements of this test.
tive case.
Flexible Additives can influence the result
e segment Rigid For the above reasons, inRigid
segment case ofsegment
and must be considered separately.
segment uncertainty it is recommended to
consult our Technical Service Further details are to be found in our
Department. For certain applica- safety data sheets.
tions,(ether/ester)
= Residue of long-chain diol it is advisable to use flamere-
tardant Elastollan grades. These
products provide increased protec-
tion against flame development and
= Residue of diisocyanatepropagation.
= Urethane group
No individual standard can cover
every eventuality. The most
important standards covering the
behaviour of plas tics in fire with
typical results for Elastollan are
desribed below:
5 41
Quality Management
Contents
management
Introduction
Lagerung
Quality Guidelines Management-Sytems / Certificates

Chemical structure
• The orientation on customers
processes and on employees are
Customer satisfaction is the basis for
sustained business success.
Physicalimportant elements of the Quality

Management.
Therefore, we want to meet the
customers‘ requirements for our
properties
• The customer requirements are
determined regularly and fulfilled
products and services, now and for
long-term future. To ensure success in
with the aim of the increase of the a reliable way, BASF Polyurethanes
customer satisfaction. Europe introduced a quality manage-
Mechanical
•properties
Targets are agreed with the persons ment system several years ago
responsible for process in all units including all divisions. Each business
of competence and the realization process is regularly assessed and
is followed regularly. further developed based on informative
• Targets, methods and results of the performance indicators. The target is
Quality Management are continually to reach optimum efficiency and almost
imparted in order to support the perfect coordination of all activities and
consciousness and the cooperation operations. Each employee is asked to
of all employees in the process of make a contribution to quality assu-
the continuous quality improvement. rance and continuous improvement
• Instead of later debugging, the with its capabilities and ideas at its
principle of avoidance of defects workplace.
is realized.
• Organizational and personnel
measures will be concentrated on Our integrated Quality and Environ-
effective quality management to mental Management-System is based
ensure the implementation of the on following standards:
quality targets.
DIN EN ISO 9001
ISO/TS 16949 (with product develop-

ment)
Thermal properties DIN EN ISO 14 001 (environmental
management system)
Gas permeability
26
42 2
Index of key terms
A G R
Abrasion 25 Gas permeability 31 Radiation resistance 40
essentially formed
Acid and alkali solutions from 36 The products are
Glass transition temperature distinguished
10 Rigidity by 7
Ageing 40 Glass transition zone 10
Air ageing 30 Polyester polyol:
ong-chain diols) S
ates Annealing 6, 24 H highest mechanical properties
● Saponification number 38
Hardness 9
B short-chain
● highest resistance
Heat deflection temperature 28
to
Service
mineral
temperature
oils 22
and the
Shore hardness 9
Heat polyol:
deformation behaviour 27
Bending test 7 Solvents 30
. Flexible segments are High energy irradiation
● highest 40 resistance
hydrolysis Specific heat 29
Hydrocarbon,
C
cyanate. The combina- ● 36 Stick-slip effect
resistance to microbiological
aromatic 25
yanate with
Chemical short-chain 36
resistance degradation
saturated 36 Strength characteristics 14
Chemical
nt). Fig. structure in dia- 5
1 shows Hydrolysis
In addition resistanceto the basic
39 Stress-strain
components curves 15
orm the chain
Coefficient structure described above, many Elastollan
Surface resistance, specific 35
stic polyurethane.
of linear expansion 26 formulations contain additives to
I Swelling 35
es of Cold
theflexibility
product 20 ability.
Impact strengthFurther additives
24 can also be
he nature of the
Compression set raw 24 included to modify specific proper-
e reaction conditions, Isochronous
ties. T
Compressive
of the starting stress
materials.24 stress-strain curves 22
used have a significant
Corrosiveness Such additives includeTear strength release
mould 21
certain properties
of cumbustion gas of the41 agents, flame retardants, TensileUV-stabi-
strength 14
L
CTI, Comparative grades. Glass fibres Thermal conductivity 29
Trackingpolyols
Index Linear expansion 22 are used to
ter-based (B, C,33 increase rigidity (RTPU, Elastollan R
00 grades) or polyether- Long-term
grades). performance 22 Thermal data 29
s (1100 grades) are Lubricating oils and greases 37 Thermal expansion 26
D
roduction of Elastollan. Thermal properties 29
Damping 11 Torsion modulus 11
of thermoplastic Polyurethane M
Deformation characteristics 14 Torsion vibration test 11
Maximum force elongation 14
Dielectric constant 34 Tracking 33
Maximum service
Dielectric loss factor 34 temperature 30
Dielectric strength Flexible
33 Mechanical
e segment properties
segment 6
Rigid U
Rigid segment
Diffusion coefficient segment 31 Microbiological resistance 38
Disruptive voltage 33 Underwriters Laboratories 41
Modulus of elasticity 7
UV-radiation 40
E N
Electrical properties 33 Notched impact strength 24 V
Elongation 14 Vicat softening temperature 27
= Urethane group
Elongation at break 14 O Volume resistivity 33
Embrittlement 40 Oxygen index 41
E-modulus 7 Ozone resistance 40
W
Water vapour permeability 32
F P
Fire behaviour 41 Physical properties 6

Flexural impact test 24 Y
FMVSS 302 41 Q Yield strain 14
Friction 25 Quality management 42 Yield stress 14
5 43
BASF Polyurethanes GmbH
With top quality products, a reputation

for good customer service and continu-
ous progress and development,
Elastollan has secured a firm position
in numerous markets.
We want to share our know-how and

experience to contribute to your own
success: The versatile Elastollan is the
ideal material to fulfill your require-
ments.
For further information, the following

detailed brochures are available upon
request:
Thermoplastic Polyurethane
Elastomers: Elastollan
Elastollan – Product Range
Elastollan – Processing Recommen-

dations
Elastollan – Electrical Properties
Elastollan – Chemical Resistance
®= Registered Trademark of BASF Polyurethanes GmbH
BASF Polyurethanes GmbH The data contained in this publication are based on our
current knowledge and experience. In view of the many
European Business Management factors that may affect processing and application of
Thermoplastic Polyurethanes our product, these data do not relieve processors from
carrying out their own investigations and tests; neither
Elastogranstraße 60 do these data imply any guarantee of certain properties,
KU/WM, MP 163-10/10 GB
49448 Lemförde nor the suitability of the product for a specific purpose.
Any descriptions, drawings, photographs, data,
Germany proportions, weights etc. given herein may change with-
Telephone ++49 (54 43) 12-25 00 out prior information and do not constitute the agreed
Telefax ++49 (54 43) 12-25 55 contractual quality of the product. It is the responsibility
of the recipient of our products to ensure that any
E-Mail elastomere@basf.com proprietary rights and existing laws and legislation are
www.pu.basf.eu observed. (01/17)

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Thermoplastic

Glass transition temperature 10

Vicat softening temperature 27

Heat deflection temperature 28

Maximum service temperature 30

Dielectric loss factor 34

essentially formed from The products are distinguished by

Chemical resistance Polyester polyol: 36

Index of key terms

= Residue of long-chain diol (ether/ester)

Edition: November 2011 5 3

These materials are distinguished by

essentially formed from Elastollan

= Residue of long-chain diol (ether/ester)

essentially formed from The

Fig. 3 Temperature [°C]

Influence of temperature on E-modulus

Thermal properties 1195 A

Fig. 4 Temperature [°C]

Influence of temperature on E-modulus

Fig. 5 Temperature [°C]

essentially formed from The

Glass transition temperature (Tg) from DSC at 10 K/min

essentially formed from The

= Residue of long-chain diol (ether/ester)

Physical 10 000 100

Fig. 9 Temperature [°C]

Fig. 10 Temperature [°C]

1000 Torsion modulus 10

Fig. 11 Temperature [°C]

essentially formed from The products

1000 Torsion modulus 10

Fig. 14 Temperature [°C]

Typical strength and deformation

Strength characteristics: Deformation characteristics:

essentially formed from The products

s (1100 grades) are

Characteristic stress-strain curve for reinforced Elastollan

essentially formed from The products

essentially formed from The products

grades. Glass fibres are used to

essentially formed from Tear

of the starting materials.

Tear strength in relation to temperature

= Residue of long-chain diol (ether/ester)

= Residue of short-chain diol 200

= Residue of diisocyanate 1164 D

Fig. 34 Temperature [°C]

Isochronous stress-strain lines at 23 °C

Fig. 35 Strain [%]

Isochronous stress-strain lines at 23 °C

Fig. 36 Strain [%]

essentially formed from The products

00 grades) or polyether- grades).

Isochronous stress-strain lines at 23 °C

Fig. 39 Strain [%]

Elastollan grades have outstanding

Impact strength Notched impact strength

Impact strength Notched impact strenght

essentially formed from Abrasion

= Residue of long-chain diol (ether/ester)

Coefficient of thermal expansion · [1/K]

essentially formed from Various

Heat deflection temperature (HDT) according to DIN EN ISO 75,

Elastollan – Product Range

Elastollan – Processing Recommen-

Elastollan – Electrical Properties

Elastollan – Chemical Resistance