Long Answer Type Question – I

Q. 1. A coin is tossed three times, consider the following events–

E1: No head appears
E2 : Exactly one heat appear
E3: Atleast one head appears
Do they from a set of mutually exclusive and exhaustive events?
Sol. When a coin is tossed three times, the sample space is–
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
E1 = {TTT}
E2 = {HTT, THT, TTH}
E3 = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH}
E1 ∩ E2 = 𝜙, E1 ∩ E3 = 𝜙, E2 ∩ E3 = {HTT, THT, TTH}
≠ 𝜙
Also, E1 ∩ E2 E3 = S.
∴ E1, E2, E3 are not mutually eclusive but they are exhaustive events.
Q. 2. Two dice are rolled, A is the event that the sum of the number shown on the two
dice is 5 and B is the event that at least one of the dice shown up 3. Are the two events A
and B (i) mutually exclusive? (ii) exhaustive? [DDE]
Sol. When two dice are rolled, sample space is–
S = {(1, 1,) (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1),
(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3),
(3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5),
(4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1),
(6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
A = {(1, 4}, (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 1)}
B = {(1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2) (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5),
(3, 6), (4, 3), (5, 3), (6, 3)}
A ∩ B = {(2, 3), (3, 2)} and A ∪ B ≠ S.
(i) A and B are not mutually exclusive.
(ii) A and B are not exhaustive.
Q. 3. Two dice are thrown and sum of the number which come up on the dice is noted.
Let us consider the following events associated with this experiment.
[Exemplar]
A: the sum is even.
B: the sum is less than 4.
C: the sum is greater than 11.
Which pair of these events are mutually exclusive?
Sol. When dice are thrown, sample space is–
S = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2),
(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5),
(3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2),
(5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5),
(6, 6)}
A = {(1, 1), (1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6, (3, 1), (3, 5),
4, 2), (4, 4), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 3), (5, 5), (6, 2), (6, 4),
(6, 6), (3, 3)}
B = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1)}
C = {(5, 6), (6, 6)}
Since, A ∩ B ≠ 𝜙, B ∩ C ≠ 𝜙, A ∩ C ≠ 𝜙.