Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Aims and Goals of K To 12
Aims and Goals of K To 12
Aims and Goals of K To 12
and Objectives
Outline
• Introduction
1. Terminological Issues
• Aims
• Goals
• Objectives
2. Formulating Instructional Objectives
Blooms’ Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
3. Smart Objectives
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aims
• General statements that provide a sense of direction and serve as guiding
principles for educational policy;
• Aims are the translations of the general philosophy and needs of the
country;
• Aims are designed at the national/state level by policy making groups;
• Aims can be based on the constitution of the country;
Ornstein (1990, p. 84)
«We use the term Aims to refer to broad statments about the intent of
education. They are value-laden statments, written by panels, commissions, or
policy-making groups, that express a philosophy of education and concepts of
the social role of schools and the needs of schools and youth. In short, they
are broad guides for translating the needs of society into educational policy»
Ennaji (1994, p. 158)
• « Goals are the statements of educational intention which are more specific
than aims but less specific than objectives »
Examples of Goals
• The development of reading skills;
• The appreciation of arts;
• The understanding of scientific and mathematical concepts.
Objectives
Philosophy ----Aims--- Goals -----Objectives
• Objectives are stated in observable and measurable terms (outcomes,
proficiencies or competences);
• Objectives are behavioral in nature and more precise than goals;
• Objectives state what students should know at the end of the course and
what is expected from them;
Examples of Objectives
• To identify the main idea of the author;
• To be able to express advice, apology, complaint, etc.;
• To be able to locate the topic sentence and the supporting details;
• To be aware of the differences between the present simple and present
perfect.
Why use learning objectives?
(Gronlund, 2000)