Algebra UNIT 1

1. Answer (1)

 1 1 1  1 0 0
   
If A =  – 1 0 1 , I = 0 1 0
 2 1 0 0 0 1

The characteristic equation of the matrix is given by |A – l | = 0

1 –  1 1 
 
 –1 –  1  = 0
 2 1 –  

 (1 – ) (2 –1) – 1 (– 2) + 1(– 1 + 2) = 0

 (1 – ) (2 – 1) – 1 ( – 2) – 1 + 2 = 0
 2 – 1 – 3 +  –  + 2 – 1 + 2 = 0
 – 3 + 2 + 2 = 0
 3 – 2 – 2 = 0
 A3 – A2 – 2A = 0,
Replacing  by A.
 p = 1, q = – 1, r = – 2, s = 0
p
 =–1
q

2. Answer (4)
(1) (AB + BA) = (AB) + (BA) = BA + AB = BA + AB
(2) (A + B) = A + B = A + B
(3) (A – B) = A – B = A – B
(4) (AB – BA) = (AB) – (BA) = BA – AB = BA – AB = – (AB – BA) hence AB – BA is skew symmetric matrix

3. Answer (3)
For commutative matrices this is standard result that (AB)n = AnBn

4. Answer (2)

abc abc abc

b  c  a b  c  a b  c  a  k  a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc 
c ab c ab c ab

Put a = 1, b = –1, c = 0  k = 4

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 2 Algebra Success Achiever (Part-II) (Solutions)

5. Answer (2)

4  3  2 6 2 6   1
On differentiating , 2 3 1  4a 3  3b 2  2c  d
5 0 2
Put  = 0

2 0 1
2 3 1 d ,
5 0 2

 3(4 – 5) = d,  d = –3

5a. Answer (3) [JEE (Main)-2018]

x  4 2x 2x
  2x x  4 2x
2x 2x x4

x = –4 makes all three row identical

hence (x + 4)2 will be factor

Also, C1  C1  C2  C2

5 x  4 2x 2x
  5x  4 x  4 2x
5x  4 2x x4
 5x – 4 is a factor

   (5 x  4)( x  4)2

 B = 5, A = –4

6. Answer (4)

 1 0 2
A  0 2 1 ...(i)
 2 0 3 

A–1 = pA2 + qA + rI3

A . A–1 = pA3 + qA2 + rA

I = pA3 + qA2 + rA

On equating

1 7
p   , q  3, r  
2 2

1 7
 pqr    3   1
2 2

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Success Achiever (Part-II) (Solutions) Algebra 3

6a. Answer (3) [JEE (Main)-2016]

A2 – 5A + 7I = 0
A – 5I = – 7A–1
1
A 1   5I  A
7
So, 1st statement is true
Now, A3 – 2A2 – 3A + I = A(A2) – 2A2 – 3A + I
= A(5A – 7I) – 2A2 – 3A + I
= 3A2 – 10A + I
= 3(5A – 7I) – 10A + I
= 5A – 20I
= 5(A – 4I)
So, 2nd statement is also true
Hence both statements are correct

7. Answer (1)

If matrix is an idempotent then A2 = A

 |A2| = |A|

 |A| (|A| – 1) = 0

 |A| = 0, 1

8. Answer (2)

If A is an involutory matrix then A2 = I

 then A is involutory matrix

 |A|2 = | I |

 |A|2 = 1

 |A| = ± 1

9. Answer (4)

If A is an orthogonal matrix, then AA = I

 |A| |A| = 1

 |A|2 = 1

 |A| = ± 1,

Using (|A| = |A|)

10. Answer (1)

| – ABC| = (– 1)3 |A| |B | |C |

= (– 1)3 × 2 × 3 × 4 = – 24

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11. Answer (3)

Let the order of B is m × n
If AB is defined then number of columns of A = number of rows of B
3=m
Similarly if BA is defined then n = 4
Hence the order of A is m × n = 3 × 4
12. Answer (1)
If A is symmetric then A = A ...(i)
If A is skew symmetric then A = – A ...(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii) equations
2A = 0
A=0
 A is null matrix
13. Answer (2)
AB = A ...(i)
BA = B ...(ii)
for involutory matrix or idempotent matrix we have to find A2.
A2 = (AB)A, by (i)
= A (BA), by associative law
= AB, by (ii)
= A, by (i)
 A2 = A ...(iii)
again B2 = (BA)B, by (ii)
= B(AB), by associative law
= BA by (i)
= B by (ii)
 B2 = B ...(iv)
by (iii) and (iv) A2 = A, B2 =B
Hence A and B are idempotent matrices.

14. Answer (1)

Trace of a matrix = sum of diagonal elements of matrix = 1 + 1 + 1 + ...n times = n

15. Answer (4)

A matrix which is upper and lower triangular matrix both must be of the following form

d1 0 0
 
 0 d2 0
 0 0 d 3 

As here no condition is given on d1, d2, d3 hence the matrix must be diagonal matrix.

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16. Answer (2)
The addition of a matrix and its additive inverse is equal to the null matrix which is called the additive identity
17. Answer (3)
C21 = The sum of product of corresponding elements of R2 of A with C1 of B
= 1 × 1 + 0 × 0 + |x| = 2
18. Answer (4)
If AB = 0  |AB| = 0  |A| |B| = 0, then at least one of the matrices must be singular.
19. Answer (2)
Let y = |M – I | = |M – MM| = |M (I – M)| = |M| | I – M|
but |M| = 1
 y = |I – M| = |(I – M)| [using |A| = |A|]
 y = |I – (M)| = |I – M| = |(–1) (M – I )|
y = (– 1)n |M – I|
y=–y
y=0
20. Answer (4)
The unit matrix cannot be nilpotent matrix
for idempotent : A2 = A ...(i)
for involutory : A2 = I ...(ii)
for orthogonal AA = I ...(iii)
for nilpotent Am =0 ...(iv) where m is a positive integer
Equations (i), (ii) and (iii) are satisfied if A = I, But at A = I, the equation (iv) is not satisfied.
21. Answer (1)
The trace of a skew symmetric matrix of odd order is zero. Also the determinant of odd ordered skew
symmetric matrix is zero.
Hence trace = determinant
22. Answer (3)
The sum of the products is zero.
If A is any determinants with elements represented by aij then a11A21 + a12 A22 + a13 A23 = 0
and a11 A31 + a12 A32 + a13 A33 = 0, similarly other equations can be written Aij = cofactor of aij
23. Answer (1)

d1 x y
Let A =  0 d 2 
 z   |A| = d1d2d3
 0 0 d 3 

 d1 0 0
B = x d 
 1 2 0   |B| = d1d2d3
 x 2 x 3 d 3 

d1 0 0   |C |  d d d
C =  0 d2  1 2 3
 0   | A|  | B |  |C |
 0 0 d 3 

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24. Answer (2)

As |A| = 2, |B| = 1
 ||A|B| adj (AB)| = | 2 × 1 adj (AB)| = |2(adj B) (adj A)|
= 23 |adj B| |adj A|
= 23 |B|3–1 |A |3–1 = 23 × 12 × 22 = 32
25. Answer (1)
The determinant of the matrix made by the cofactors of A = |A|3–1 = 42 = 16

25a. Answer (2) [JEE (Main)-2013]

1  3
1 3 3
 
2 4 4 

|P| = 1(12 – 12) – (4 – 6) + 3(4 – 6)

= 2 – 6
Also, |P| = |A|2 = 16
2 = 22
 = 11

26. Answer (2)

Number of the determinants = 2 × 3 × 4 = 24

27. Answer (3)

|A | = 1 (2 – 1) – 1 (– 2 + 1) + 2 (1 – 1)
= 1 – 1 (–1) + 0 = 1 + 1 = 2
C23
b32 = | A |

where C23 is the cofactor of a23 = – (– 1 – 1) = 2

2
b32 = =1
2
As (A–1)–1 = A
 B–1 = C = A
 C12 = a12 = 1
C12 . b32 = 1 × 1 = 1

28. Answer (2)

If AB = AC
B=C
 This is possible in the following way
AB = AC
 A–1(AB) = A–1(AC) if (|A|  0)
 (A–1A)B = (A–1A)C, (by associative law)

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 IB = IC
B=C
Hence B = C, is valid only if A–1 exists or A is non-singular
29. Answer (1)

1 2 3
= 4 5 6 = 0, hence the equations never have unique solution.
7 8 9

29a. Answer (4) (AIEEE 2010)

The given system of linear equations can be put in the matrix form as

 1 2 1  x1  3 
 2 3 1  x   3 
  2  
3 5 2  x3   1

 1 2 1   x1  3
 
~ 0 –1 –1  x2    –3 
 
0 –1 –1  x3   –8 
by R2  R2  2R1
R3  R3  3R1

 1 2 1  x1  3 
 
~ 0 1 1  x2   3 
  R3  R3  R2
0 0 0   x3  5 

Clearly the given system of equations has no solution.

Alter
Subtracting the addition of first two equations from third equation, we get,
0 = –5, which is an absurd result.
Hence the given system of equation has no solution.

29b. Answer (3) (AIEEE 2011)

For non-trivial solution of given system of linear equations

4 k 2
k 4 1 0
2 2 1

 8  k (2  k )  2(2k  8)  0

  k 2  6k  8  0

 k 2  6k  8  0
 k = 2, 4
Clearly there exists two values of k.

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29c. Answer (2) [JEE (Main)-2013]

k 1 8
0
k k 3

 k2 + 4k + 3 – 8k = 0
 k = 1, 3
When k = 1, equation change to
2x + 8y = 4  x + 4y = 2
and x + 4y = 2  x + 4y = 2
 Infinitely many solutions
When k = 3
4x + 8y = 12  k + 2y = 3

8
and 3x + 6y = 8 and x + 2y =
3
 No solution
 One value of k exists for which system of equation has no solution.

29d. Answer (3) [JEE (Main)-2015]

x1(2   )  2 x2  x3  0

2 x1  x2 (   3)  2 x3  0

 x1  2 x2  x3  0

2 2 1
2   3 2 0
1 2 

(2   )( 2  3  4)  2( 2  2)  (4    3)  0

2 2  6  8   3  3 2  4  4  4    1  0
  3   2  5  3  0

  3   2  5  3  0

 3   2  2 2  2  3  3  0

 2 (  1)  2 (  1)  3(  1)  0

(  1)( 2  2  3)  0

(  1)(  3)(  1)  0

   1, 1,  3
Two elements.

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29e. Answer (3) [JEE (Main)-2016]

1 λ −1
λ −1 −1 = 0
1 1 −λ

1( + 1) – (– 2 +1) + 1(–  –1) = 0

3 –+ + 1 –  – 1 = 0
3 – = 0
(2 – 1) = 0
= 0, = ±1
Exactly three values of 

29f. Answer (2) [JEE (Main)-2017]

1 1 1
1 a 10

a b 1
 –(1 – a)2 = 0
 a=1
For a = 1
Eq. (1) & (2) are identical i.e.,x + y + z = 1
To have no solution with x + by + z = 0.
b=1

29g. Answer (2) [JEE (Main)-2018]

∵ System of equation has non-zero solution.
1 k 3
 3 k –2  0
2 4 –3
 44 – 4k = 0
 k = 11
Let z = 
 x + 11y = –3
and 3x + 11y = 2
5 
 x ,y – ,z
2 2

5
·
xz
  2  10
y2  
2
– 2
 

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10 Algebra Success Achiever (Part-II) (Solutions)

30. Answer (4)

As C and D are non-singular matrices hence their inverse exists.
 D(I – CD) D–1
= DID–1 – D(CD)D–1
= I – DC (DD–1) by associative law
= I – DCI = I – DC
 |D (I – CD)D–1| = |I – DC|
 |D| |I – CD| |D–1| = |I – DC|
1
 |D| |I – CD| | D | = I – DC

 |I – CD| = |I – DC|
31. Answer (4)
Options (1), (2) and (3) are true
But 4th option is false because adj(AB) = (adj B) (adj A)
32. Answer (4)
As options (1), (2), (3) all are true, hence option (4) is false.
33. Answer (2)
a b c
Let  = b c a = – (a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc)
c a b
= – (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)

= –
1
2

a  b  c  2a 2  2b 2  2c 2 – 2ab – 2bc – 2ca 
= –
1
2
 
a  b  c  a – b 2  b – c 2  c – a 2
if  = 0, then (a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2 = 0 because (a + b + c  0)
a=b=c
34. Answer (2)
For commutativity the matrix must be scalar.
35. Answer (2)
Trace of 2A = 2 × trace of A = 2 × 5 = 10
36. Answer (3)
 1 3 4   1 3 4 
A   1 3 4   1 3 4 
2

 1 3 4   1 3 4 

0 0 0 
 A2  0 0 0 
0 0 0 
 A is nilpotent matrix.

‰ ‰ ‰

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