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Pamantasan NG Cabuyao: 1. Define: A. Microbiology
Pamantasan NG Cabuyao: 1. Define: A. Microbiology
Pamantasan NG Cabuyao: 1. Define: A. Microbiology
1. DEFINE:
a. MICROBIOLOGY
b. PATHOGEN
Pathogen, also known as infectious agent, is a microorganism that causes certain diseases to its
host. A pathogen survives with a host where once the pathogen sets itself up in a host’s body; it
manages to avoid the body’s immune responses and uses the body’s resources to replicate before
exiting and spreading to a new host. The common types of pathogens are viruses, bacteria,
fungi, and parasites.
c. NONPATHOGEN
Nonpathogens are the vast majority of known microorganisms that do not cause disease. Some of
it is beneficial and some have no effect on people.
d. OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN
Opportunistic pathogen is an infectious microorganism that does not harm its host unless the
resistance of its host is low in other word it would only be harmful or it would cause if the host’s
immune system isn’t working properly.
Infectious diseases are illnesses that are caused by the spread of the microorganisms or prions to
humans from other humans, animals or the environment, including food and water which the
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
Katapatan Mutual Homes, Brgy. Banay-Banay
City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Tel Nos. 832-3036 * 832-3030
pathogen is growing and reproducing in the body while microbial intoxication results when a
person ingests a toxin (poisonous substance) that has been produced by a pathogen outside the
body.
Biogenesis describes that living things arise only with other livings things by means of
reproduction. In other words, it focuses on the reproduction of living things from other living
things. On the other hand, abiogenesis, also called as spontaneous generation, describes that life
comes from non-living things where first life-forms generated were very simple and through a
gradual process became increasingly complex.
2. Observed Microscopic structure of seeds & embryos of plants & some invertebrates.
Germ theory of disease states that most of diseases are caused by the microorganisms. The
microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, and protozoa. The germ theory of disease
also states that the microbes that cause a disease are capable of being recovered and will cause
the same disease when introduced into another creature. This theory has withstood scientific
scrutiny for centuries. Indeed, it is known with certainty that many diseases are caused by
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
Katapatan Mutual Homes, Brgy. Banay-Banay
City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Tel Nos. 832-3036 * 832-3030
microorganisms. Two examples are anthrax, which is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis,
and bacterial meningitis, which is caused by Neisseria meningitidis.
CIRCUMSTANCES:
Certain diseases, called synergistic infections, are caused not by one particular
microorganism, but by the combined effects of two or more different microorganisms.
Examples of such infections include acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG; also
known as “trench mouth”) and bacterial vaginosis. It is very difficult to reproduce such
synergistic infections in the laboratory.
Another difficulty that is sometimes encountered while attempting to fulfill Koch’s
Postulates is that certain pathogens become altered when grown in vitro. Some become
less pathogenic, while others become non-pathogenic. Thus, they will no longer infect
animals after being cultured on artificial media.
6. DISCUSS TWO MEDICALLY RELATED FIELDS OF MICROBIOLOGY
The Microbial Physiology group studies the physiology of the anaerobic microorganisms and
anaerobic microbial communities that play an important role in environmental biotechnological
processes, such as wastewater treatment, soil remediation, production of chemicals and biofuels
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
Katapatan Mutual Homes, Brgy. Banay-Banay
City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Tel Nos. 832-3036 * 832-3030
and recovery of metals. The main research lines are: 1) metabolic interactions between anaerobic
bacteria and archaea; 2) microbial conversion of small molecules; 3) respiration with alternative
electron acceptors and 4) isolation, characterization and application of novel anaerobes. In-depth
insight into the metabolic pathways is obtained by applying proteome and transcriptome
analyses.
Microbial genetics provides powerful tools for deciphering the regulation, as well as the
functional and pathway organization, of cellular processes. This involves both discovering the
regulatory genes and sites that control individual gene expression, as well as determining which
genes are coregulated and thus likely to participate in the same process. Often genes that are
coregulated are located next to each other in the same transcriptional unit (an operon) but there
are numerous cases of dispersed sets of genes that are coregulated (regulons).
REFERENCES:
https://www.britannica.com/science/abiogenesis
http://microbiollogy.blogspot.com/2013/02/contributions-of-antony-van-leeuwenhoek.html
https://www.encyclopedia.com/media/educational-magazines/germ-theory-disease
http://microbiollogy.blogspot.com/2013/02/contributions-of-antony-van-leeuwenhoek.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/microbial-genetics
https://www.wur.nl/en/Research-Results/Chair-groups/Agrotechnology-and-Food-Sciences/Laboratory-
of-Microbiology/Research/Microbial-Physiology.htm
PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
Katapatan Mutual Homes, Brgy. Banay-Banay
City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Tel Nos. 832-3036 * 832-3030
MIC101
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT
NO. 1
2-NRS2
6/29/19