Multiview Drawing

Definition:
Graphical representation of a 3-
dimensional object on one plane
(sheet of paper) using two or more
views.
 Multiview Drawing
Another name for multiview drawing is
orthographic projection.

Involves visualization and implementation

Ability to see clearly in the mind’s eye an
object

Process of drawing the object
Orthographic Projection
A system that allows you to make a
two-dimensional drawing of a three-
dimensional object.
2.00

5.13
2.88
1.63 1.25

Ø1.52
45°

3.50

2.50
2.25

1.50
Six Principal
Orthographic
Views
 Viewing Objects

Imagine a glass box

is formed by six
mutually
perpendicular
planes of projection
that are located
around the object.
 Viewing Objects

Lines are formed on the planes by

projecting the edges of the object onto
the planes.

These images are

called “views”.

There are six views

formed by the
planes of a box.
 Viewing Objects

Unfolding the box produces an

arrangement of the six views.

TOP

BACK L.SIDE FRONT R.SIDE

BOTTOM
Glass Box Approach
Glass Box Approach
Glass Box Approach
Glass Box Approach
Glass Box Approach
Glass Box Approach
Standard 2D views
 Angles of Projection

First-angle projection

Used by many
European countries
 Angles of Projection

Third-angle projection

Standard for the United States
 Front view projected to
TOP VIEW vertical plane
 Top view projected to
horizontal plane
 Right-side view projected to
profile plane

FRONT VIEW RSIDE

First and Third Angle Projections

Third-angle Projection

First-angle Projection
 View Placement

Each view is placed in a

constant location relative
to the other views
Each view must be
placed in its correct
position
Views and features must
be aligned
 Choosing Views

Most commonly used

views 2.00

Front View
TOP VIEW

Top View 1.63
2.88
5.13

1.25

Right Side View Ø1.52

45°

Most descriptive view is 3.50

typically designated as the

2.25
2.50

1.50

Front View FRONT VIEW R. SIDE

Normally the longest VIEW

dimension is chosen as
the width (or depth)
 Choosing Views

Complex objects require three

views to describe its shape
Simple objects can be described
with two views

Ex: Soda Can
Thin objects can be described with
only one view

Depth is given in a note

Ex: Erasing Shield
Standard Views of Primitive Solids
 Object Dimensions

All objects have 3

dimensions

Height

 Distance from top

HEIGHT
to bottom

Width
 Distance from side
to side WI
DT
H

Depth EPT
H
D
 Distance from the
front to back
 Object Dimensions

Front View

Shows width & height
Top View
Shows width & depth

DEPTH

Side View TOP VIEW

WIDTH
DEPTH

Shows height & depth

HEIGHT
FRONT VIEW R. SIDE
VIEW
Drawing Views of Objects

Depth can be projected between

views by using a 45° miter line
TOP VIEW

R. SIDE
FRONT VIEW
 Line Types - Visible

Edges that can be seen in a given

view areVisible or Object lines
Visible lines are thick and dark

.028” or .7mm

F or HB lead

FRONT VIEW
Lines on an engineering drawing signify more than just the geometry of the object and it is
important that the appropriate line type is used.

Line Thickness

For most engineering drawings you will require two thickness', a thick and thin line.
The general recommendation are that thick lines are twice as thick as thin lines.

A thick continuous line is used for visible

edges and outlines.
A thin line is used for hatching, leader
lines, short centre lines, dimensions and
projections.
Line Styles

Other line styles used to clarify important features on drawings are:

Thin chain lines are a common feature on engineering drawings used to

indicate centre lines. Centre lines are used to identify the centre of a circle,
cylindrical features, or a line of symmetry.
Dashed lines are used to show important hidden detail for example wall
thickness and holes..
 Line Types - Hidden

Edges that cannot be seen from a

given view are indicated by Hidden
lines

TOP VIEW
 Line Types - Hidden

Drawing hidden lines

.125” (3mm) dashes

.0625” (1mm) spaces between dashes

Thin: .020” (.5mm)

Dark: F or HB lead

.125"

.0625"
 Line Types – Center

Center lines indicate axes

of symmetry

TOP VIEW
 Line Types – Center

Perpendicular lines for circular objects

Small dashes cross at the center point of
feature

One center line drawn to indicate
longitudinal axis of cylinder or hole

R. SIDE
FRONT VIEW VIEW
 Line Types - Center

Draw center lines using a series of long

and short dashes

.125” (3mm) short dash @ the center

.75”- 1.5” (20mm-40mm) long dash

.0625” (1mm) spaces between dashes

Thin: .02” (5mm)
Long dash extends .125” to .25” beyond
feature .125"

.75" - 1.5" .0625"

 Precedence of Lines

Which line should be drawn when

two lines coincide?

Visible line coincides with hidden or
center line
 Visible line is shown

Hidden line coincides with center line
 Hidden line is shown
For Example:

1. Visible
2. Hidden
3. Center
 Placement of Views

Views should be visually balanced

within the working space

2.00

TOP VIEW

5.13
2.88
1.63 1.25

Ø2.22
45°

3.00

2.00
1.75
1.50

FRONT VIEW R. SIDE VIEW

SPECIAL CAM R. MIGLIORATO 5/9/03 SCALE 1:1 16-52 12 NBHS

Steps for Centering a Drawing

Draw border and title block

using light construction lines
Draw diagonal lines from
corners of border .75

8.50

7.00

.25 .25

.50
.25
10.50
11.00
Steps for Centering a Drawing

Add: TOP VIEW

Width 5.13

Space 1.50 2.00

Depth 2.00

Horizontal 8.63 2.88
5.13

1.63 1.25

Ø2.22
45°

Height 3.00
3.00

Space 1.50 1.75

1.50
2.00

Depth 2.00
R. SIDE

Vertical 6.50 FRONT VIEW VIEW
Steps for Centering a Drawing

Draw a box the size of all views

Measure from the center:

Half the width

Half the height
3"

4.3"
4.3"

3"
Steps for Centering a Drawing

Draw in views using light construction

lines

2.00 TOP VIEW

1.50

R. SIDE
3.00 FRONT VIEW VIEW

5.13 1.50 2.00

 Adding Details

Add holes and features

Transfer horizontal and vertical features
Use miter line to transfer depth

TOP VIEW

FRONT VIEW R. SIDE VIEW

SPECIAL CAM R. MIGLIORATO 5/9/03 SCALE 1:1 16-52 12 NBHS

 Straight Edges

Edges that are

6

5
perpendicular to a plane
B
2 of projection appear as a
1
A 4 point
3

1 2 3
6 2 6 2 6 2
4 4 4
A B A B A
B
3 3 3
5 1 5 1 5 1
5 5 5 5 6
6 B 6 B 6 B
B
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2
2 2 2
A A A A A
4 4 4
4 4
 Straight Edges

Edges that are parallel to a plane of projection

appear as lines
Edges that are inclined to a plane of projection
appear as foreshortened lines

TRUE LENGTH
TRU
E LE
NGT
H

TRUE LENGTH POINT FO RES H O R T EN ED

FO RE S H O R T EN ED
VIEW
 Curved Edges

Curved edges project as straight lines on the

plane to which they are perpendicular
Curved edges project as curved lines on the
planes to which they are parallel or inclined
 Normal Surfaces

Normal surfaces appear as an edge in

two opposite principal views, and
appear a surface in all other principal
views.
 Inclined Surfaces

Inclined surfaces appear as an edge in

two opposite principal views, and appear
foreshortened (not true size) in all other
principal views.
 Oblique Surfaces

Oblique surfaces do not appear either as

an edge or true size in any principal view.
 Intersections & Tangencies

Where a curved surface is tangent to a

plane surface, no line should be shown
where they join

NO LINE

NO
LINE
 Intersections & Tangencies

Where a plane surface intersects a

curved surface, an edge is formed

LINE

LINE
 Intersections & Tangencies

Where the plane surface is horizontal or

vertical, exceptions to these rules may
occur

LINE
VERTICAL
SURFACE