Myologi

http://elisa.ugm.ac.id/community/show/osteologi-myologi-dan-splancnologi/
 Anatomi
 Makroskopik/gross anatomi
 Osteologi
 Syndesmologi/arthrologi
 Myologi
 Splancnologi
 Angiologi
 Neurologi
 Mikroskopik anatomi
 Sitologi
 Histologi
 organologi
RPH Malang
 Body Condition Scores – Beef Cows
SCORE DESCRIPTION
1 Emaciated with muscle atrophy and no detectable fat. Tail head and ribs project
prominently.
2 Poor condition with muscle atrophy and no detectable fat. Tail head and ribs
1 prominent.
3 Thin condition with slight muscle atrophy and very little detectable fat. All ribs
visible.
4 Borderline condition. Outline of spine slightly visible. Outline of 3 to 5 ribs
visible. Some fat over ribs and hips.
5 Moderate condition and good overall appearance. Outline of spine no longer
visible. Outline of 1 to 2 ribs visible. Fat over hips but still visible.
6 High moderate condition. Ribs and spine no longer visible. Pressure applied to
5 feel bone structure. Some fat in brisket and flanks.
7 Good, fleshy appearance. Hips slightly visible but ribs and spine not visible. Fat
in brisket and flanks with slight udder and tail head fat.
8 Fat, fleshy, and over-conditioned. Bone structure not visible. Large patchy fat
deposits over ribs, around tail head, and brisket.
9 Extremely fat, wasty, and patchy. Mobility possibly impaired. Bone structure not
visible. Extreme fat deposits over ribs, around tail head, and brisket.

9 Adapted from “Body Condition Scoring Beef Cows” by D.A. Eversole, M.F. Browne, J.B. Hall, and R.E. Dietz (Publication 400-795; 2000)
 Body Condition Scores – Dairy Cows

1 2 3 4 5

Deep cavity around tail
head. Bones of pelvis
and short ribs sharp
and easily felt. No fatty
tissue in pelvic or loin
area. Deep depression
in loin.
Shallow cavity around
tail head with some
fatty tissue lining it and
covering the pins.
Pelvis easily felt. Ends
of short ribs feel
rounded and upper
surfaces can be felt
with slight pressure.
Depression visible in
loin area.
No cavity around tail Folds of fatty tissue are Tail head is buried in
head and fatty tissue seen around tail head thick layer of fatty
easily felt over whole with patches of fat tissue. Pelvic bones
area. Pelvis can be felt covering pin bones. cannot be felt even with
with slight pressure. Pelvis can be felt with firm pressure. Short
Thick layer of tissue firm pressure. Short ribs covered with thick
covering top of short ribs can no longer be layer of fatty tissue.
ribs which can still be felt. No depression in
felt with pressure. loin area.
Slight depression in
loin area.

Taken from “Elanco Body Condition Scoring” by Elanco Animal Health (Copyright 1994)
Body Condition Scores – Horses
SCORE DESCRIPTION

1 Poor – The horse is extremely emaciated. The backbone, ribs, hip bones, and tail head are all very prominent.
The neck is hollow, and the bones of the shoulders, withers, and neck are easily noticeable. Individual
vertebrae are clearly seen and easily felt. No fat can be felt anywhere.

2 Very thin – The horse is emaciated. The backbone is prominent and the ribs, tailhead and hipbones stand out.
There is a slight fat covering over the vertebrae in the spine, but individual vertebrae are visible. The bones in
the shoulders, withers and neck are faintly noticeable.

1 3 Thin – The backbone is prominent. The tailhead is evident, but individual vertebrae cannot be seen. Ribs are
easily visible, but a slight fat layer can be felt over the ribs. Hipbones appear rounded, but they are easily
seen. Neck, withers and shoulders are emphasized.

4 Moderately thin – The vertebrae produce a slight ridge along the back. A faint outline of the ribs is visible. The
prominence of the tailhead depends on breed and conformation, but fat can be felt around the tailhead.
Hipbones cannot be seen. Neck, withers and shoulders are not obviously thin.

5 Moderate – The horse's back is level. Fat around the tailhead appears spongy. Withers are rounded, and the
shoulders and neck blend smoothly into the body. Ribs cannot be seen, but are easily felt.

6 Moderately fleshy – The horse may have a slight inverted crease along the spine as fat is built up along the
back. Fat around the tailhead feels soft. Fat over the ribs feels spongy. Small deposits of fat are over the
5 withers, behind the shoulders and along the sides of the neck.

7 Fleshy – The horse has an inverted crease along the spine as fat is built up along the back. Fat around the
tailhead feels soft. Individual ribs can be felt, but there is noticeable filling between ribs with fat. Noticeable fat
is over the withers, behind the shoulders and along the sides of the neck.

8 Fat – The horse has a noticeable inverted crease along the back. Fat around the tailhead feels very soft.
Individual ribs are difficult to feel due to the fat in between. Noticeable thickening of the neck. The area over
the withers is filled with fat. The space behind the shoulders is filled in and flush with the barrel of the horse.
Fat is deposited along the inner buttocks.

9 Extremely fat – The horse has an obvious inverted crease along the back. Fat appears in patches over the rib
area. Bulging fat appears over the tailhead, withers, neck and shoulders. Fat along inner buttocks may rub
9 together and the flank is filled in flush with the barrel of the horse.

Adapted from “Body Condition Scoring Your Horse” by L.K. Warren (Agdex 460/20-1; 2002)
 Body Condition Scores – Sows

1 2 3 4 5
1

Detection of ribs, back bone,

Score Condition “H” bones, and pin bones
1 Emaciated Obvious 3
2 Thin Easily detected with pressure
3 Ideal Barely felt with firm pressure
4 Fat None
5 Overly fat None
Taken from “Assessing Sow Body Condition” by R.D. Coffey, G.R. Parker, and K.M. Laurent (ASC-158; 1999) 5
 Body Condition Scores – Sheep/Goats
Spine prominent and smooth Spine rounded and smooth
Spine prominent and sharp
Muscles medium depth Muscles full
Thin fat cover Moderate fat
No fat cover cover
Transverse Transverse
Transverse process process smooth
process sharp rounded and rounded

Fingers
Fingers Fingers go need hard
easily pass under with pressure to
under pressure find ends

Condition 1 - Emaciated Condition 2 - Thin Condition 3 - Average

Spine detected only as a line Spine not detectable; fat dimple over spine

Fat cover thick Fat cover

Muscles full very thick Muscles very full

Transverse
process
cannot be Transverse
felt process not
detectable

Condition 4 - Fat Condition 5 - Obese

Adapted from “Body Condition Scoring of Sheep” by J.M. Thompson and H. Meyer (Oregon State University)
 MYOLOGI
 Myologi: ilmu yang mempelajari tentang otot
 Menurut tempat perlekatannya muskuli dikategorikan menjadi
tiga yaitu:
 M. Skeleti : Musculi yang secara langsung tidak bertautan pada kulit (melekat pada tulang)
 M. Cutanei : Musculi yang bertautan (melekat) pada kulit.
 M. Visceralis : Musculi yang terdapat pada otot-otot dalam.
 Fascia adalah jaringan penghubung, ada 2 lapis, yaitu :
 Fascia Superficialis adalah fascia subcutaneus (dibawah kulit).
 Fascia Profunda adalah fascia dari jaringan fibrosa yang berhubungan pada skeleton (tulang),
ligamenta dan tendo.
 Beberapa istilah yang dipakai dalam belajar myologi:
 Origo : pangkal
 Insertio : ujung akhir bebas
 Tendo : kumpulan jaringan padat, putih
 Fascia : lembaran jaringan ikat putih
No Dasar Nama Contoh
1 Nama origo dan insersio m. sternohyoideus, m. brachiocepalicus
2 Bentuk m. trapezius (trapesium), m rhomboideus
(belah ketupat)
3 Ukuran m. teres major, m. teres minor
4 Letak, posisi, lokasi m. gluteus superficialis, m. gluteus medius,
m. gluteus profundus, m. intercostalis
externus, m. intercostalis internus
5 Arah serabut otot m. rectus abdominis, m. tranversus
abdominis, m. obliqus abdominis, m.
orbicularis oculi, m. orbiculairs oris
6 Susunan/struktur m. bicep brachii, m quadricep femoris
7 Fungsi m. depresor labii mandibularis, m. levator
palpebrae superioris, m. dilatator nares
lateralis, m. abductor pollicis longus/extensor
carpi obliquus
Muskuli Kepala

MM. CAPPITIS
 Mm. labia oris dan buccae
1. M. orbicularis oris terletak antara kulit dan membrana mukosa
bibir dan tidak langsung melekat pada tulang. Fung utk
menutupkan bibir (rima oris)
2. M. levator nasolabialis
 Origo : os frontalis dan os nasalis
 Insertio : bibir atas, alae lateralis nares anteriores dan commisura
labialis
 Fungsi : menarik bibir atas, commisura labialis dan
mendilatasi/melebarkan nares anteriores.
3. M. levator labii superior propius (maxillaris)
 Origo :articulatio dari os malare, os lacrimale dan os maxillare
 Insertio: pada bibir atas oleh suatu tendo.
 Fungsi: menarik bibir atas ke atas.
4. M. zygomaticus
 Origo: fascia yang menutup m. masseter sampai
crista facialis
 Insertio: pada commisura labialis dan bersatu dengan
m. buccinator.
 Fungsi: mengangkat dan menarik angulus oris
(commisura labiorum)
5. M. Incisivus maxilaris (ruminansia tdk ada)
 Origo: margo alveolarisios incisivi, dentis Incisivi II –
premolare II
 Insertio: bibir atas (labii maxilaris)
 Fungsi: mendepres bibir atas.
6. M. Incisivus mandibularis
 Origo: margo alveolaris mandibula, dentis incisivi II –
premolareI
 Insertio: fascia bibir bawah
 Fungsi: mengangkat bibir bawah
7. M. mentalis (ruminansia tdk ada)
 Origo: Sisi / lateral corpus mandibula
 Fungsi: Mengangkat wajah
8. M. depressor labii inferioris (anjing tdk ada)
 Origo: margo alveolaris mandibula dekat processus
coroneideus dan tuberositas maxillaris.
 Insertio: bibir bawah
 Fungsi: menekan dan menarik bibir bawah
9. M. buccinator mempunyai 2 lapisan : superficial
(pars buccalis) dan profunda (pars Malaris)
 Origo: facies lateralis dari maxilla dan dentes molare
 Insertio: angulus oris melekat pada m. Orbicularis oris
 Fungsi: meratakan (melebarkan) buccae dan menarik
angulus oris.
1. M. Levator nasolabialis 7. M. Buccalis 20.M. Auricularis Ventralis
2. M. Levator Labii maxillaris
8. M. Depressor Labii Mandibularis 21.M. Masseter
propius
3. M. Caninus 9. M. Mylohyoideus 22. M.Trapezius
4. M. Depressor Labii Maxillaris
10.M.Cutaneus Frontalis 23. M.Cleidooccipitalis
5. M. Zygomaticus
6. M. Malaris 11.M. Orbicularis Oculi 24. M. Cleidomastoideus
18.M.Zygomaticoauricularis 25. M. Sternomandibularis
 M. Lateralis nasi pars M. Levator labii
dorsalis superioris propius
M. Transversus
nasi

M. Levator
labialisnaso

M. Lateralis nasi pars

ventralis

M. Orbicularis
oris
 Musculi disekitar mata (palpebrae)

1. M. Orbicilaris oculi
 Origo: terbentang dari kulit palpebrae dan
ligamentum palpebralis pada canthus medialis
 Insertio: os lacrimallis
 Fungsi: menutup palpebrae.
2. M. Malaris, sangat tipis
 Origo: rostral fascia inferior
 Insertio: orbital inferior
 Fungsi: menekan palpebrae inferior
3. M. Levator palpebrae superioris
 Origo: crista pterygoideus
 Fungsi: menekan palpebrae superior.
 Musculi disekitar nares anteriores

1. M. levator naso labialis

 Origo: os frontal dan os nasale
 Insertio: lateral nostril, commisura oris
2. M. dilatator nares lateralis (caninus)
 Origo: os maxila
 Fungsi: Melebarkan nares anteriores
3. M. transversus nasi (dilatator nares
apicalis)
 Fungsi: dilatasi nostril
4. M. lateralis nasi
 Musculi pada mandibulae

1. M. masseter superficial dan profunda

 Origo: pada tendo archus zygomaticus dan crista facialis
 Insertio: pada facies lateralis ramus mandibulae
 Fungsi: menyatukan kedua rahang.
2. M. temporalis
 Origo: fossa temporalis
 Insertio: processus coronoideus mandibulae
 Fungsi: mengangkat mandibulae
3. M. pterygoideus medialis
 Origo: crista processus pterygideus, basis os spheinodale
dan palatina
 Insertio: facies medialis ramus mandibulae
 Fungsi: mengangkat mandibulae
4. M. pterygoideus lateralis
 Origo: lateralis proccessus pterygoideus basis os
sphenoidale
 Insertio: facies medialis, rostral condylus mandibula
 Fungsi: menggerakkan mandibula ke samping
5. M. occipito mandibullaris
 Origo: processus jugularis os occipitalis
 Insertio: facies medialis, margo ventralis corpus
mandibularis
 Fungsi: menekan mandibula, membuka mulut
6. M. digastricus cranialis dan caudalis
 Fungsi: menekan mandibula, membuka mulut
Musculi daerah leher

CERVIX
 Musculi pada leher (Mm. Colli)
Ada 2 kelompok : ventral dan lateral, terletak di sebelah kiri dan kanan
ligamentum nuchae.
Musculi bagian ventral cervix
1. M. cutaneus colli (hanya pada kuda)
 Origo: batas profunda: m. sterno cephalicus, m.
brachiocephalicus, v. jugularis
2. M.brachiocephalicus (neck, chuck). Musculus ini panjang dari leher
sampai dengan caput os humeri terdiri dari Cleidocephalicus dan
cleidobrachialis (pd sapi), cleidotransversalis dan cleidomastoideus
(pd kuda)
 Origo: procesus mastoideus pars petrousa os temporalis, crista
nuchalis, alae atlantes dan procesus transversus vertebrae
cervicalis ke II, III, IV
 Insertio: tuberositas deltoideus dan crista os humerus, fascia
scapula dan humerus
 Fungsi: extensi scapulo humeralis, kepala dan leher
 1b’' 1b’ A. Anjing :
1. M. Brachiocephalicus :

1a 1a. M. Cleidobrachialis
2a 2a 1b. M. Cleidocephalicus :
1b’. Pars Mastoideus
2b
2b 1b’’. Pars Cervicalis
1b’’
1b 2. M. Sternocephalicus
’’
1b’ 2a. Pars Mastoideus
2b. Pars Occipitalis

2b 2a 1a
B. Sapi :
1. M. Brachiocephalicus :
1a. M. Cleidobrachialis
1b. M. Cleidocephalicus :
1b’. Pars Mastoideus
1b’’. Pars Occipitalis
2. M. Sternocephalicus
2a. Pars Mastoideus
2b. Pars Mandibularis
 C. Kuda
1. M. Brachiocephalicus :
1a. M. Cleidobrachialis
1b. M. Cleidocephalicus :
1b’. Pars Mastoideus
2. M. Sternocephalicus
2a. Pars Mandibularis
3. M. Omotransversarius (cleidotransversarius)

3
1b’

2a 1a
3. M. sterno-cephalicus (neck, chuck)
 Origo: cartilago manubrium sSterni
 Insertio: margo caudalis ramus mandibularis
 Fungsi: flexi kepala dan leher
4. M. Sterno-thyro-hyoideus terdiri dari (neck, chuck): m. sternothyroideus dan m.
sternohyoideus
 Origo: cartilago cariniformis
 Insertio: cartilago ihyroidea os hyoideum
 Fungsi: retraksi dan mendepres lidah dan larynx (deglutisi)
5. M. Omo-hyoideus (neck, chuck)
 Origo: fascia sub scapularis
 Insertio: os hyoideum
 Fungsi: retraksi os hyoideum dan radix lingua
6. M. Scalenus (neck, chuck)
 Origo: costae ke-1
 Insertio: processus transversus vertebrae cervicalis 7 (dorsal), dan
vertebrae cervicalis 4,5,6 (ventral).
 Fungsi: menarik leher ke lateral (membengkokkan ke lateral)
1,2,3. M. Brachiocephalicus
1. M. Cleidobrachialis
2. M. Cleidooccipitalis
3. M. Cleidomastoideus
4. 5, M. Sternocephalicus
4. M. Sternomandibularis
5. M. Sternomastoideus
7. M. Masseter
9. M. Omohyoideus
10. M. Sternothyroideus
11.M. Sternohyoideus
16. M. Trapezius Cervicis
17. M. Trapezius Thoracis
7. M. cervicalis ascenden (m. ilio costalis cervicis)
 Origo: procesus transversus cervicalis 4,5,6,7
 Insertio: costae 1
 Fungsi: menegangkan leher/membengkokkan leher
ke lateral
8. M. rectus capitis ventralis mayor (m. longus capitis) (neck,
chuck)
 Origo: procesus transversus cervicalis 3,4,5
 Insertio: tuberculum ventrale (os occipitale)
 Fungsi: membengkokkan kepala
9. M. rectus capitis ventralis minor (neck, chuck)
 Origo: archus ventralis atlas
 Insertio: basis os occipitale
 Fungsi: membengkokkan articulatio atlanto-occipitalis
10. M. rectus capitis lateralis (neck ,chuck)
 Origo: os atlas
 Insertio: procesus paramastoideus
 Fungsi: membengkokkan articulatio atlanto-occipitalis
11. M. longus colli (neck, chuck)
 Origo: vertebrae thoracalis 1-5 dan procesus transversus
vertebrae vercicalis
 Insertio: procesus transversus cervicalis 7, corpus
vertebrae cervicalis, tuberculum ventrale C1
 Fungsi: membengkokkan leher
12. M. intersversales colli (dorsal, chuck)
 Origo: procesus transversus vertebrae cervicalis
 Insertio: procesus articularis vertebrae cervicalis
 Fungsi: membengkokkan leher ke lateral
 Lateral Cervix
1. M. trapezius cervicalis (lapisan 1) (dorsal, chuck/rib)
 Origo: ligamentum nuchae
 Insertio: spina scapulae
 Fungsi: menggerakkan scapula ke depan
2. M. rhomboideus cervicalis (lapisan 2) (dorsal,
chuck/rib)
 Origo: ligamentum nuchae
 Insertio: facies medialis cartilage scapula
 Fungsi: mengangkat scapula ke atas dan ke depan
3. M. serratus cervicis (lapis ke 2)
 Origo: processus tranversus vertebrae cervicalis 4-5
yang terakhir
 Insertio: facies serrata
 Fungsi: mengangkat thorax
1. M. Trapezius Cervicis
2. Aponeurosis mi. Trapezii
cervicis
3. M. Cleidobrachialis
4. M. Cleidooccipitalis
5. M. Cleidomastoideus
6. M. Sternomandibularis
7. M. Sternomastoideus
1. M. Rhomboideus cervicis

2. M. Rhomboideus Thoracis

3. M. Splenius
5. M. Serratus ventralis
cervicis
M. Longisimus Capitis
7. M. Longisimus Atlantis
9. M. Longus Atlantis
10. M. Sternomastoideus
11. M. Omohyoideus

12. M. Scalenus Prima Costae

4. M. splenius (lapisan ke 3) (dorsal, chuck)
 Origo: procesus spinatus thorax 3,4,5
 Insertio: crista nuchalis, procesus mastoideus, alae
atlantis
 Fungsi: Mengangkat kepala dan leher
5. M. longissimus capitis et atlantis (lapisan ke 4) (chuck)
 Origo: procesus transversus thoracalis 1, 2 Proc. Art.Vc
 Inasertio: procesus mastoideus, alae atlantis
 Fungsi: Menegangkan kepala dan leher, rotasi atlas;
membengkokkan kepala & leher ke lateral
6. M. complexus (m. semispinalis capitis) (shoulder,
chuck/rib)
 Origo: procesus spinatus thoracalis 3, 4, 5; procesus
transversus thoracalis 1-6; procesus articularis vertebrae
cervicalis
 Insertio: protuberantia occipitapitalis externa
 Fungsi: menegangkan kepala dan leher
1. M. Semispinalis capitis
2. M. Longisimus Capitis
3. M. Obliqus Capitis
4. M. Longisimus Atlantis
5. M. Longus Atlantis
6. M.Longus Capitis
7. M. Serratus dorsalis cranialis
8. M. Longissimus cervicis
9. M. Iliocostalis
10. M. Scalenus supracostalis
11. M. Transversus costarum
12. Mm. Intercostalis externi
13. M. Scalenus Prima costae pars dorsalis
14. M. Scalenus Prima costae pars ventralis
16. M. Masseter
17. M. Sternothyroideus
18. M. Sternohyoideus
7. M. multifidus cervicis (dorsal, chuck/rib)
 Origo: procesus articularis C4-7; Th 1
 Insertio: procesus spinosus dan articularis vertebrae
cervicalis
 Fungsi: menegangkan leher
8. M. longissimus cervicis
 Origo: procesus spinosus vertebrae thoracalis
 Insertio: procesus transversus C 4-7
 Fungsi: menegangkan leher
9. M. obliquus capitis caudalis (neck, chuck)
 Origo: procesus spinosus dan procesus articularis
posterior axis
 Insertio: facies dorsalis alae atlantis
 Fungsi: rotasi os atlas
10. M.Obliquus Capitis Cranialis
 Origo: Alae Atlantis
 Insertio: Crista Nuchalis
 Fungsi: Membengkokkan kepala ke lateral
11. M. Rectus Capitis dorsalis major (neck, chuck)
 Origo: Proc.Spin.Axis
 Insertio: Os Occipitale
 Fungsi: Menegangkan Kepala
12. M.Rectus Capitis dorsalis minor (neck, chuck)
 Origo: Facies dorsalis atlas
 Insertio: Os Occipitale
 Fungsi:Membantu menegangkan Kepala
1. M. Rhomboideus Cervicis
2. M. Trapezius Cervicis
3. M. Semi Spinalis Capitis
4. M. Splenius
5. M. Rectus Capitis
7. M. Longus Atlantais
8. M. Longissimus Capitis
9,10,11. M. Intertransversarii
12,13,14,15. M. Sternocleidomastoideus
12,13. M. Brachiocephalicus
12. M. Cleidooccipitalis
13. M. Cleidomastoideus
14,15. M. Sternocephalicus
14. M. Sternomastoideus
15. M. Sternomandibularis
16. M. Omotransversarius
17. M. Longissimus atlantis
18. M. Longus Colli
19. M. Longus Capitis
20. M. Omohyoideus
21. M. Sternothyroideus
22. M. Sternohyoideus
DORSAL-THORAX-LUMBAR
 Mm. Dorsi et Lumborum
1. M. Trapezius Thoracalis (Lapisan 1)
2. M. Latissimus Dorsi (Lapisan 1)
3. M. Rhomboideus Thoracalis (Lapisan 2)
4. M. Serratus Dorsalis Cranialis (Lapisan 2)
 Origo: Fascia Lumbo-dorsalis
 Insertio: Facies Lateralis Costae ke 5-6
sampai ke 11
 Fungsi: Menarik costae ke cranial dan ke luar
(Inspirasi)
5. M. Serratus Dorsalis Caudalis (dorsal, loin)
 Origo: Fascia Lumbo-dorsalis
 Insertio: Facies Lateralis costae ke 7-8 terakhir
 Fungsi: Menarik costae ke caudal (Expirasi)
6. 6.M.Longissimus Costarum/ M.Ilio Costalis
(chuck)
 Origo: Fascia Lumbo-dorsalis Profunda; Facies
Lateralis costae ke 11 terakhir
 Insertio: Tepi Posterior costae; Proc.Trans C.7
 Fungsi: Menekan dan retraksi costae (Expirasi)
7. M. Longisimus dorsi (dorsal, chuc/rib/loin)
 Origo: Os Ilii; Spina Sacrale,Proc.Spin.L+Th
 Insertio: Proc.Trans+Art.L;Proc.Trans Th;
Pros.Spin+Trans Vc ke 4-terakhir; Facies lat.costae(ke-1
tdk)
 Fungsi: Menegangkan leher, membantu expirasi
8. M. Multifidus Dorsi (dorsal, chuck/rib/loin)
 Origo: Bag.lateral Sc; Proc.Art.L; Proc.Trans.Th
 Insertio: Proc.Spin.Sc1-2,L,Th2, C7
 Fungsi: Menegangkan spina, membengkokkan ke lateral
9. M. Intertransversales Lumborum (lumbar, loin)
 Origo: Menempati ruang antara proc.trans L (kecuali L5,6)
 Fungsi: Membengkokkan Lumbal ke lateral
 Mm. Thoracis
1. Levatores costarum (thorax, chuck)
 Origo: proc. tranversus vertebrae thoracalis
 Insertio: facies lateralis dan margo anterior serta
posterior dari costa
 Fungsi: menarik costa ke depan dalam inspirasi
2. M. Intercostales interni (thorax,
plate/brisket/chuck/ rib )
 Origo: margo anterior dari costa beserta
cartilagonya
 Insertio: margo posterior dari costa dimukanya
 Fungsi: untuk expirasi
3. M. Intercostales externi (thorax, plate/brisket/chuck/ rib )
 Origo: margo posterior dari costa
 Insertio: margo anterior dan facies lateralis dari costa berikutnya
 Fungsi: menarik costa dalam inspirasi
4. M. Retractor costae (thorax, loin)
 Origo: Proc.Trans L1-3
 Insertio: Tepi posterior costae terakhir
 Fungsi: Retraksi costae terakhir (Expirasi)
5. M. Rectus thoracis (thorax, brisket)
 Origo: Facies lateralis costae ke-1
 Insertio: Cartilago costae ke-4
 Fungsi: Membantu Inspirasi
6. M. Transversus thoracis (thorax, plate)
 Origo: Lig.Sternalis
 Insertio: Cartilagines Costales 2-8
 Fungsi: Membantu Expirasi
 m.trapezius m.latisimus dorsi
m.seratus ventralis
m. Brachicephalicus cleidooccipitalis

m.pectoralis descenden m.obliquus externus

m.longisimus thoracis

m.seratus dorsalis

m.levator costarum

m.intercostalis costarum

m.serratus ventralis

m.obliquus abdominis

m.Pectoralis desendens
m.longisimus thoracis

m.illiocostalis

m.serrtus dorsalis

m.levator costarum

m.intercostales externi

m.serratus ventralis
EXTREMITAS CRANIALIS
 MUSCULI EXTREMITAS CRANIALIS

Musculi terbagi menjadi 2, yaitu:

 Mm. Extrinsik
 Mempertautkan kaki depan dengan kepala,
leher, dan tubuh.
 Mm. Intrinsik
 Mempertautkan tulang-tulang pada kaki.
1 Mm. Daerah Thorax dan Lateral Bahu
2 19 1. M. trapezius pars cervicalis
3 2. M. cleido-occipitalis
18 3. M. Sternomandibularis
4 4. M. Omotransversarius
5. M. triceps brachii caput longum
17 6. M. triceps brachii caput lateralis
5
7. M. pectoralis descenden
6 8. M. cleido-brachialis
16
7 9. M. extensor carpi radialis
10. M. extensor digitalis lateralis
8
11. M. extensor digitalis communis
15 12. M. abductor pollicis longus
9 14
13 13. M. flexor carpi ulnaris
10 14. M. anconeus
15. M. pectoralis ascenden
11 16. M. Serratus ventralis pars thoracis
17. M. Obliquus abdominis externus
18. M. tensor fasciae antibrachii
12 19. M. Latissimus dorsi
 4

1. M. brachiocepalicus
(cleidoocipitalis &
5 cleidomastoideus)
6 2. M. sternomandibularis
7 3. M. pectoralis major
8 4. M. trapezius
9
1 5. M. latissimus dorsi
6. M. deltoideus
2
7. M. triceps brachii
3 8. M. serratus ventralis
9. M. pectoralis minor
1. m. triceps brachii (caput lateral)
2. M. pectoralis ascenden
3. M. triceps brachii (caput longum)
4. M. latissimus dorsi
5. M. trapezius
6. M. brachiocepalicus (cleidocephalicus)
7. M. sternocephalicus
8. M. omotransversarius
9. M. brachiocephalicus (cleidobrachialis)
10. M. deltoideus
11. M. serratus ventralis
12. M. subclavia
 Mm. Extrinsik
1. Mm. Pectorales superficialis :
a. Pars Descendent (cranialis/Clavicularis).
b. Pars Transversa (caudalis/Sterno Costalis)
 Origo: sternum
 Insertio: Crista humeri, fascia antebrachii.
 Fungsi: Mengadduksi kaki depan
2. M. Pectorales profundus (Pars Ascendens =
Humeralis = Caudalis & Pars cranialis =
Subclavicus = Scapularis).
 Origo: sternum.
 Insertio: Tuberculum mayor dan minor; fascia Scapularis
 Fungsi: Mengadduksi dan menarik ke caudal kaki depan.
(Carnivora M. Subclavius, tidak ditemukan)
3. M. Brachiocephalicus : Cleidobrachialis dan
Cleidocephalicus
 Origo: Processus mastoideus, Alae atlantis dan
processus tranversus C 2,3,4
 Insertio: cleidobrachialis (cranial humerus), tuberositas
deltoideus, fasciabrachialis
 Fungsi: Menarik kaki ke cranial, mendepress kaki ke
cranial, menarik kepala dan leher ke lateral.
4. M. Omotransversarius
 Origo: Alae Atlantis
 Insertio: Spina Scapulae
 Fungsi: Mendepres kepala & leher, menggerakkan kaki
ke cranial
5. M.Trapezius, terbagi pars cervicalis dan
pars thoracalis
 Origo: dorsal cervix dan thorax
 Insertio: spina scapulae
 Fungsi: mengangkat kaki
6. M.Rhomboideus: pars cervicalis dan pars
thoracalis
 Origo: dorsal cervis dan thorax
 Insertio: tepi dorsal scapulae
 Fungsi: mengangkat kaki
7. M. Serratus ventralis pars cervicalis dan
pars thoracalis
 Origo: vertebrae cervicales, costae
 Insertio: facies serrata
 Fungsi: mendukung dan mengangkat tubuh
dengan mendepres scapula
8. M. Latissimus dorsi
 Origo: fascia thoracolumbal
 Insertio: tuberositas teres
 Fungsi: menarik humerus ke caudal
 M. Cleidocephalicus

 Kuda : Cleidomastoideus dan Cleidotransversaria

 Ruminant dan babi: cleidomastoideus can
cleidooccipitalis
 Carnivora: cleidomastoideus dan cleidocervicalis
 Origo :
 anjing : processus mastoideus, alae atlantis dan
processus tranversus 2,3,4.
 Kuda dan sapi : processus mastoideus

 Insertio
: cleidobrachialis (cranial humerus),
tuberositas deltoideus, fascia brachialis.
 M. Sternocephalicus
 Tidak termasuk musculus extrinsic.
 Musculus ini membentuk Sulcus Jugularis.
 Pembagiannya :
 Kuda : pars mandibularis : sternomandibularis
 Babi dan domba : pars mastoidzus : sternomastoideus
 Carnivora: pars mastoideus dan pars occipitalis
( sternomastoideus dan sternooccipitalis)
 Sapi dan Kambing: sternomastoideus dan sternomandibularis
 Origo: Sternum
 Insertio : Procesus mastoideus os occipitale, mandibula
 Kerja: Mendepres kepala dan leher/menariknya ke lateral,
membuka mulut (kuda,sapi,kambing).
 Sulcus Jugularis

Kuda dan Ruminansia :

 Terletak antara M.Brachiocephalicus dan
M. Sternocephalicus dengan
M.Omohyoideus (Kuda) dan
M.Sternomastoideus (Ruminansia)
 Mm. Intrinsik
Mm. Lateral Bahu
1. M. Deltoideus (ruminansia dan anjing: pars
acromialis dan pars scapularis)
 Origo: spina dan acromion scapula
 Insertio: tuberositas deltoideus
 Fungsi: membengkokkan articulatio Ssapulohumeralis,
adduksi lengan atas
2. M. Supraspinata
 Origo: fossa supra spinata
 Insertio: tuberculum mayor (humerus)
 Fungsi: menegangkan articulatio scapula humeralis
Musculus pada lengan kuda tampak medial
3. Infraspinata
 Origo: fossa infra spinata
 Insertio: tuberculum mayor
 Fungsi: membengkokkan articulatio scapula
humeralis, adduksi lengan atas
4. M. Teres minor
 Origo: tuberculum infraglenoidale (scapulae)
 Insertio: tuberositas deltoideus
 Fungsi: membengkokkan articulatio scapulo
humeralis, abduksi lengan atas.
 Mm. Medial Bahu
1. M. Sub scapularis
 Origo: fossa sub Scapularis
 Insertio: eminentia posterior dari tuberositas
Medialis os humerus
 Fungsi: mengadduksi kaki (pada articulatio
scapulohumeralis)
2. M. Teres major
 Origo:tepi caudal scapula
 Insertio: tuberositas teres
 Fungsi: membengkokkan articulatio scapulo
humeralis
3. M. Coracobrachialis (menyilangi muka
medial articulatio scapulohumeralis)
 Origo: processus coracoideus
 Insertio: proksimal, medial humerus
 Fungsi: membengkokkan articulatio scapulo
humeralis, anjing: menegangkan articulatio
scapulo humeralis
Mm. Bagian Cranial Brachium
1. M. Bicep brachii
 Origo: tuber scapulae
 Insertio: tuberositas radialis
 Fungsi: membengkokkan articulatio cubiti,
menegangkan articulatio scapulohumeralis
2. M. Brachialis
 Origo: 1/3 proksimal muka posterior humerus
 Insertio: proksimal radius dan ulna
 Fungsi: membengkokkan articulatio cubiti
 Mm. Bagian Caudal Brachium

1. Mm.Triceps brachii (caput longum, medial

dan lateral)
 Origo: tepi caudal scapula (longum),
proksimal humerus (kedua caput yang lain)
 Insertio: tuber oleocrani dari oleocranon
 Fungsi: menegangkan articulatio cubiti,
membengkokkan articulatio scapulo
humeralis (longum)
2. M. Tensor fascia antibrachii
 Origo: m. latissimus dorsi dan fascia pada
tepi caudal scapula
 Insertio: tuber oleocrani dari oleocranon
 Fungsi: menegangkan articulatio cubiti
3. M. Anconeus
 Origo: bagian caudal distal humerus
 Insertio: tuber oleocrani dari oleocranon
 Fungsi: menegangkan articulatio cubiti
Musculi Anti Brachii
Terdapat minimal 9 Musculi :
 M. extensor digitalis lateralis /ext. dig. quartii
 M. Extensor digitalis comunis
 M. Flexor digitalis superficialis
 M. Flexor digitalis profundus
 M. Extensor carpi ulnaris/ M. ulnaris lateralis
 M. Extensor carpi Radialis
 M. Flexor carpi ulnaris
 M.Flexor carpi Radialis
 M.Abductor Pollicis Longus / M. Extensor Carpi Obliquus
 Semuanya terdapat pada Kuda.
 Pada mamalia lain masih terdapat :
 M. Pronator Teres
 M. Pronator Quadratus
 M. Supinator
 1. M. extensor carpi radialis
2. M. extensor digiti tertii
3. M. extensor digitalis communis
1 4. M. extensor digitii quartii
5. M. ulnaris lateralis
2
4
3 5
 1. M. flaxor carpi radialis
2. M. flexor carpi ulnaris
3. M. flexor digitalis superficialis
4. M. pronator teres
4 5. M. extensor carpi radialis
1 5 6. M. flexor digitalis profundus
2

3
6
M. Brachioradialis (pd carnivora)

M. Extensor carpi radialis

M. Extensor digitalis communis
M. Extensor digitalis lateralis
M. Extensor carpi ulnaris

M. Abductor policis longus

M. Interosseous

M. Flexor digitalis profunda

M. Flexor digitalis superficialis

M. Flexor carpi ulnaris

M. Extensor digitalis 1 & 2 (dog)
M. Extensor digitalis 1 (pig)
Musculi Craniolateral Antebrachii
1. M. Extensor carpi radialis
 Origo: epicondylus lateralis humerus dan cristanya
 Insertio: metacarpal III pada anjing (panjang metacarpal,
pendek metacarpal III)
 Fungsi: menegangkan articulation carpi, membengkokkan
articulatio cubiti
2. Mm. Extensor digitalis comunis (Ruminantia dan Babi terdiri
dari 2 bagian: medial dan lateral. Medial: m. Extensor digiti
tertii propius)
 Origo: epicondylus lateralis
 Insertio: procesus extensorius phalanx 3
 Fungsi: menegangkan articulatio carpi dan digiti
3. M. Extensor digitalis lateralis
 Origo: epicondylus lateralis
 Insertio: phalanx 3 (phalanx 1, 2)
 Fungsi: menegangkan articulatio digiti
4. M. Extensor carpi ulnaris/m. ulnaris
lateralis
 Origo: epicondylus lateralis
 Insertio: carpal dan metacarpal 4 (kuda, sapi),
metacarpal 5 (babi, carnivora)
 Fungsi: menegangkan articulatio digiti
5. M. Abductor pollicis longus/extensor carpi
obliquus
 Origo: corpus radii (kuda ), ulna (carnivora), radius
dan ulna (ruminantia dan babi)
 Insertio: metacarpal I (carnivora), metacarpal II
(kuda dan babi), metacarpal III, IV (ruminansia)
 Fungsi: menegangkan articulatio carpi (ungulata);
mengabduksi digiti ke 1 (carnivora); tendonya
menyilangi (lateral ke medial) m. extensor carpi
radialis
6. M. Brachio radialis terletak cranial dari m.
Extensor carpi radialis
 Origo: humerus
 Insertio: radius
 Fungsi: menelentangkan manus
7. M. Supinator, kecil, tertutup m. extensor
carpi radialis dan m. extensor digitalis
communis
 Musculi Caudomedial Antebrachii

1. M. Flexor carpi radialis

 Origo: epicondylus medialis humerus
 Insertio: metacarpal II dan III (carnivora),
metacarpal II (kuda), metacarpal III (babi),
metacarpal III, IV (ruminantia)
2. M. Flexor carpi ulnaris (2 caput: ulnaris
dan humeralis)
 Origo: epicondylus medialis oleocranon
 Insertio: carpi accessorius
 Fungsi: membengkokkan articulatio carpi
3. M. Flexor digitalis superficialis
 Origo: epicondylus medialis humerus
 Insertio: phalanx II
 Fungsi: membengkokkan articulatio carpi dan
digiti
4. M. Flexor digitalis profundus (caput
humeral, radial, ulnar)
 Origo: epicondylus medialis humerus, radius, ulna
 Insertio: phalanx III
 Fungsi: membengkokkan articulatio carpi dan
digiti
5. M. Pronator teres (kuda tdk ada, sapi:
kecil)
 Origo: epicondylus medialis humerus
 Insertio: medial dari corpus radius
 Fungsi: membengkokkan articulatio cubiti,
melemahkan putaran manus
6. M. Pronator quadratus (tipis) menyilangi
muka volar radius dan ligamentum
interosseous antibrachii (kuda dan
ruminantia tdk ada)
 Origo: tepi medial radius
 Insertio: tepi interosseous ulna
 Fungsi: memutar antebrachii ke dalam (pronation)